Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
  • C06B25/10—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitroglycerine
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
  • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
  • B01D11/0446—Juxtaposition of mixers-settlers
  • B01D11/0453—Juxtaposition of mixers-settlers with narrow passages limited by plates, walls, e.g. helically coiled tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
  • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
  • B01D11/0496—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid by extraction in microfluidic devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
  • C06B21/0091—Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00851—Additional features
  • B01J2219/00858—Aspects relating to the size of the reactor
  • B01J2219/0086—Dimensions of the flow channels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00889—Mixing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00905—Separation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/0099—Cleaning

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for working up liquid substances.
• liquid substances are washed with other liquid substances.
• the liquid / liquid mixture obtained is then separated into the individual liquid phases.
• liquid nitrate esters such as nitroglycerin
• several washes and phase separations are required when working up the raw products. This is described in more detail using the example of nitroglycerin production:
• the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide a process for working up liquid substances, in which liquid substances are washed with one or more other liquid substances and the liquid phases formed can be separated quickly and only small amounts of waste are generated.
• the object is achieved by a process for working up liquid substances with the features of the main claim.
• Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.
• Microreactors and micromixers are highly miniaturized tubular reactors with channel dimensions in the sub-millimeter range or volumes in the sub-milliliter range and are known as such. Descriptions can be found e.g. in:
• Microreactors in which fluid flows are mixed with one another are fundamentally suitable for the method according to the invention. Examples include microreactors that work according to the split and recombine principle or microreactors that work according to the multilamination principle, or microreactors that contact fluid flows in a simple manner in a T-piece-like configuration. Such microreactors are also referred to as micromixers.
• the fluid flows are split up and brought together again after passing through different distances.
• the repeated repetition of this flow guidance for example in parallel microchannels arranged several times, leads to an effective mixing of the liquid flows.
• the inner channel diameter of the micro-channel structures of such microreactors is approximately 50 to 3000 ⁇ m in diameter.
• the length of the parallel microchannel structures can vary between 1 and 50 mm, preferably between 15 and 20 mm.
• the individual fluid streams are first divided into parallel lamella streams before they are alternately combined with the second multilaminated fluid stream and thus mixed.
• the internal channel diameter of the micro-channel structures of such microreactors is approximately 50 to 3000 ⁇ m in diameter.
• the length of the parallel microchannel structures can vary between 1 and 50 mm, preferably between 15 and 20 mm.
• the internal channel diameter of the microreactor can vary between 50 and 3000 ⁇ m. Channel inside diameters of 100 to 1000 ⁇ m are preferably used, very particularly preferably 200 to 300 ⁇ m.
• a laminar flow of the liquids is preferably used, the Reynolds number being particularly preferably less than 1000.
• microreactors are used which ideally contain microstructured passive mixed structures.
• simple T or Y mixers with comparable internal channel dimensions can also be used.
• Microreactors with glass or silicon are preferably used as the material.
• reactors with materials made of metal, ceramic or enamel can also be used.
• the washing and separation process can also be arbitrarily arranged by series connection of several identical or different microreactors (or micromixers) Repeat and / or to switch different microreactor or micromixer washes in series by adding different washing liquids (microreactor systems).
• the mixture of liquid (valuable) substance and washing liquid which has been prepared according to the invention and leaves the microreactor and / or the micromixer is already separated into its phases.
• the washing process according to the present invention proves to be considerably more effective than that in a conventional method. In this way, the number of washing processes can be significantly reduced. The washing times and the consumption of washing liquid are reduced by up to 75%. Compared to the prior art, a significantly accelerated phase separation is achieved with immiscible liquids.
• the mixture of liquid (valuable) substance and washing liquid leaving the microreactor and / or micromixer preferably flows into a vessel with an upper and a lower outlet, so that the already separated liquid phases can be removed. In cases in which a third phase arises, this can be deducted via one or more additional middle vascular processes.
• the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for working up nitrate esters. It is particularly suitable for working up nitroglycerin.
• Example 1 Processing of crude nitroglycerin in three micromixers
• the processing of crude nitroglycerin was carried out in three micromixers made of silicon and connected in series. These mixers work according to the split and recombine principle. Here, liquid flows are split up and brought together again after passing through different distances. The repeated repetition of this flow guidance in parallel microchannels leads to an effective mixing of the liquid flows.
• the microchannel structures of the micromixers are approx. 200 to 300 ⁇ m in diameter. The length of the parallel microchannel structures varies between 15 and 20 mm.
• the micromixers were connected in series in such a way that the mixture emerging from one micromixer was divided between the two fluid inputs of the next micromixer by means of T or Y capillaries.
• This once-washed raw glycerin was again conveyed by means of gas pressure into a series-connected arrangement of three micromixers and washed there with dilute (5% by weight) soda solution in the mass flow ratio of crude itroglycerin to soda solution, likewise 1: 1.5.
• the phases were separated again immediately after exiting the last micromixer.
• the nitroglycerin phase was washed again with water as in the first washing step.
• the product stream was passed into a collecting vessel which contained an outlet for the aqueous washing phases at the top and that for the washed nitroglycerin phase at the bottom.
• the absolute amount of washing solution can be reduced by up to 75%, the number of washing steps can be reduced, the net washing time can be drastically reduced,
• W pure water
• S 5% aqueous soda solution
• NGL nitroglycerin
• Example 2 Processing of crude nitroglycerin with nine micromixers
• Example 3 The procedure corresponds to that of Example 1, but the crude nitroglycerin passed through the system from three micromixers connected in series nine times in succession. The first three washes were each washed with water, the second three washes each with dilute (5% by weight) soda solution and finally the third three washes again with water. The mass flow ratio of nitroglycerin to wash solution was 2: 1 Table 3 summarizes the results. It can be seen that a very high nitroglycerin stability was achieved.
• W pure water
• S 5% aqueous soda solution
• NGL nitroglycerin

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
• Micromachines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2004
  • 2004-02-16 DE DE102004007708A patent/DE102004007708A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-02-16 JP JP2006553517A patent/JP2007521961A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-02-16 CA CA002556396A patent/CA2556396A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-02-16 RU RU2006133096/15A patent/RU2006133096A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-02-16 AR ARP050100535A patent/AR051250A1/es unknown
  • 2005-02-16 WO PCT/EP2005/001525 patent/WO2005077484A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2005-02-16 CN CNA2005800050565A patent/CN101001684A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-02-16 ZA ZA200606785A patent/ZA200606785B/xx unknown
  • 2005-02-16 EP EP05715344A patent/EP1720624A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-02-16 AU AU2005211931A patent/AU2005211931A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-02-16 US US10/589,575 patent/US20080038175A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2006
  • 2006-08-03 IL IL177289A patent/IL177289A0/en unknown
  • 2006-09-13 NO NO20064143A patent/NO20064143L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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