EP1718589A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von astaxanthin- und canthaxanthin-vorprodukten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von astaxanthin- und canthaxanthin-vorproduktenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1718589A2 EP1718589A2 EP04803760A EP04803760A EP1718589A2 EP 1718589 A2 EP1718589 A2 EP 1718589A2 EP 04803760 A EP04803760 A EP 04803760A EP 04803760 A EP04803760 A EP 04803760A EP 1718589 A2 EP1718589 A2 EP 1718589A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- formula
- reaction mixture
- hydrolysis
- falling film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C403/00—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
- C07C403/06—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C403/08—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms by hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of certain cyclohexenone derivatives which serve as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin precursors.
- the C 40 carotinoids astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are very popular dyes in animal nutrition, for example for fish or egg yolk pigmentation.
- the possibilities for obtaining these carotenoids from natural sources such as algae, fungi or yeast on an industrial scale are very limited.
- the most productive access to astaxanthin or canthaxanthin is therefore in chemical synthesis.
- C n here stands for a molecular building block that has a basic structure of n C atoms.
- the C 15 intermediates are obtained by linking C 8 with C 6 building blocks.
- the linkage takes place by means of an organometallic reaction in which an acetylene group on the C 6 building block is deprotonated either with the aid of a Grignard reagent in THF or a butyl lithium solution.
- EP 0 633 258 discloses a process in which the linking of C 9 and C 6 building blocks for astaxanthin synthesis in an organic solvent in the presence of lithium amide succeeds. This is a C 9 building block of the general formula
- R 1 is H or CC alkyl and R 2 is CC alkyl, with a C 6 building block of the general formula
- R 3 is a protected hydroxy group linked.
- the aim is to carry out the individual steps as efficiently as possible and to achieve a high yield.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a process for the preparation of C 15 building blocks for the synthesis of astaxanthin or canthaxanthin suitable cyclohexenone derivatives of the general formula I below, which allows simple and uncomplicated implementation with high operational reliability and in which the C 5 -Building blocks can be obtained in good yield and high purity.
- R 1 represents hydrogen or OH
- R 3 represents hydrogen and R 4 represents d-Ce alkoxy, or
- R 3 and R 4 represent vicinal hydroxyl groups which carry a common acetal or ketal protective group
- R 6 represents a protected hydroxy group in the absence of an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst
- C 1 -C 4 -alkyl stands for a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 C atoms, such as, for. B. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methyl-ethyl, n-butyl, 1-methyl propyl, 2-methylpropyl or 1, 1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl , 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyi, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl
- the C 6 -C 6 -alkyl radicals mentioned can optionally have one or more, for. B. 1, 2, 3 or 4, Ci-Cs-alkoxy substituents, as in d-Cs-alkoxy-d-Ce-alkyl, for. B. 2-methoxyethyl.
- C -C alkoxy represents an alkyl radical, bonded via an oxygen atom, as defined above, having 1 to 6 C atoms, such as, for. B. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methyl propoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1, 1-dimethylethoxy.
- the C 1 -C 6 alkoxy radicals mentioned can optionally have one or more, for. B. 1, 2, 3 or 4, Ci-Cs-alkoxy substituents, as in -CC 5 alkoxy -CC 6 -alkoxy, z. B. 2-methoxyethoxy.
- a "common acetal or ketal protecting group” means the remainder of any protecting group that is commonly used to protect vicinal hydroxy groups. Typically, the common acetal or ketal protecting group comprises a methylene moiety between the oxygen atoms of the vicinal hydroxy groups which is substituted by one or two CC 6 alkyl groups as defined above.
- a "protected hydroxyl group” means a hydroxyl group which carries a customary protective group, ie a functional group which can be split off by hydrolysis under relatively mild conditions.
- protected hydroxy groups are ether groups such as benzoxy or tert-butoxy; Silyl ether groups, such as -O-Si (CH 3 ) 3 , -O-Si (CH 2 CH 3 ) 3 , -O-Si (iso-propyl) 3 , -O-Si (CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 (iso -Propyl), -0-Si (CH 3 ) 2 (tert-butyl) and -O-Si (CH 3 ) 2 (n-hexyl); substituted methyl ether groups such as methoxymethoxy, 1-methoxyethoxy, 1-ethoxyethoxy, 2-methoxy-iso-propoxy, -benzoxyethoxy, 2-benzoxy-iso-propoxy; and suitable
- cyclohexenol compounds of the formula II which can be used as starting materials for the hydrolysis can be prepared by methods of organic synthesis known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for. B. described in EP 0 633 258.
- R 3 represents hydrogen and R 4 represents CC 6 alkoxy, preferably CC 4 alkoxy, particularly preferably methoxy, ethoxy or 2-methylpropoxy.
- R and R are
- R 7 represents hydrogen or -CC 6 alkyl
- R 8 represents d-C ⁇ -Al yl.
- R 7 preferably represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 1-methylethyl, and R 8 represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 1-methylethyl.
- R 7 is H and R 8 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or 1-methylethyl.
- R 7 is H and R 8 is methyl.
- R 5 stands for
- R 6 is tetrahydropyranyloxy of the formula below
- a cyclohexenol compound of the formula II which is preferably used has the formula IIa:
- Essentially no solvent or “essentially absent solvent” (hereinafter “absent solvent”) means a content of one or more external organic solvents of less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight. %, particularly preferably less than 3% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture, in particular those solvents which are immiscible with water are absent.
- Typical organic solvents that are absent in the process according to the invention include a. aliphatic alcohols; aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially hexane and / or heptane; Alkyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as methyl acetate and / or ethyl acetate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and / or xylene; Ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dioxane and / or THF, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, perchlorethylene and / or chloroform, especially dichloromethane.
- acidic catalysts are usually suitable for the cleavage of acetals used acidic catalysts, for.
- B mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid; Sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid; as well as other strong organic acids such as citric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or formic acid.
- mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid
- Sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid
- other strong organic acids such as citric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or formic acid.
- the acidic catalysts used are preferably sulfonic acids, selected from methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid, particularly preferably para-toluenesulfonic acid.
- the abovementioned catalysts can either be mixed into one of the starting materials before the reaction or can be fed into the reactor as a separate stream.
- the amount of catalyst is in the range from 0.05 to 100 mol%, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 1.0 mol%, based on the C 5 -acetals / ketals of the general formula II.
- Water is also added to the reactor in at least the stoichiometrically required amount.
- the proportion of water is generally 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
- an aqueous solution of the acid catalyst is used in step (a) in order to introduce the acid catalyst and the water required for the hydrolysis simultaneously into the reactor.
- the concentration ration of the acid is preferably 0.01 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt .-%, based on the aqueous solution.
- the cyclohexenol compound of the formula II is introduced continuously into a reactor which has at least one backmixed region.
- a reactor which has at least one backmixed region.
- stirred tank reactors stirred tank reactor cascades or combinations of stirred tank reactors and loop reactors in which the reaction mixture z. B. is passed over a mixing and control system, which may have addition and / or removal points.
- a molar ratio of the cyclohexenone derivative of the formula I to the cyclohexenol compound of the formula II of at least 90:10, in particular at least 95: 5, is preferably maintained in the reactor.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with the measures for setting the operating point of the reactor in such a way that the specified molar ratio is achieved. These measures include choosing an adequate one
- the residence time in the reactor is typically 5 to 60 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
- the hydrolysis is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., particularly preferably from 40 ° C. to 60 ° C. It is also preferred to carry out the hydrolysis in the pressure range from 50 to 1000 mbar, particularly preferably in the pressure range from 900 to 1000 mbar. Operation at ambient pressure is particularly preferred. H. about 1000 mbar, since in this case the cost-intensive vacuum system can be omitted.
- acidic ion exchange resins in particular strongly acidic ion exchange resins containing sulfonic acid groups, can also be used as catalysts in the hydrolysis.
- acidic ion exchange resins available Har- are commercially ze or to understand detoxans such as Lewatit ® S 100, Lewatit SP 112 or ® 2631 (Bayer) or Amberlite ® 18 and Amberlyst ® IRA 120 or 15 or Duolite ® C 20, C 26 and C 264 (Rohm & Haas) or Dowex ® ion exchangers.
- Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates that have a highly ordered structure with a rigid three-dimensional network of SiO 4 or AIO tetrahedra are connected by common oxygen atoms.
- the ratio of the Si and Al atoms to oxygen is 1: 2.
- the electrovalence of the aluminum-containing tetrahedra is due to the inclusion of cations in the crystal, e.g. B. an alkali or hydrogen atom, balanced. A cation exchange is therefore possible.
- the spaces between the tetrahedra are occupied by drying or calcining water molecules before dehydration.
- Suitable zeolites are e.g. B. those of the Pentasil type, especially aluminosilicate zeolites or borosilicate zeolites.
- Pentasil type especially aluminosilicate zeolites or borosilicate zeolites.
- Heterogeneous catalysts are advantageously arranged fixed in the reactor.
- reaction mixture obtained after the hydrolysis is treated with a polar extractant. To do this, the reaction mixture is brought into intensive contact with the extractant and the extract phase is then separated off.
- the by-products from the hydrolysis step (a) are largely separated off.
- Such by-products are in particular the protective groups split off during the hydrolysis (or secondary products formed therefrom) for the OH functionalities of the compounds of the formula I, such as, for. As ethanol, acetaldehyde or acetaldehyde diacetal. This relieves downstream processing stages and can be operated with lower separation performance and with smaller apparatus dimensions.
- a water-soluble acid catalyst is used for the hydrolysis, the catalyst is extracted into the polar phase and effectively removed from the reaction product.
- At least one and preferably a maximum of 20 theoretical plates which can be operated in countercurrent or crossflow are used for the extraction. It is conceivable to carry out the extraction in all the equipment usually used for this purpose, e.g. B. extraction columns (with or without energy input), mixer settlers or membrane-based extraction devices.
- the extraction is preferably carried out in one stage in a mixer-settler unit.
- the two liquid phases are dispersed in the mixer.
- Stirring vessels are preferably used for this purpose in order to set the residence time to values between 1 to 30 min, preferably 5 to 15 min and particularly preferably about 10 min.
- the organic phase is separated from the polar phase in the settler unit.
- the Settier can be equipped with coalescence-enhancing internals (e.g. packing, knitted fabric, plates or packing elements) for effective phase separation. be tested. It is also possible to improve the phase separation by using coalescing filters and thus to improve the product loss and / or the depletion of the acid catalyst. Suitable coalescing filters can be installed in the inlet to the settier as well as in both processes.
- the polar extractant is a solvent which is not completely miscible with the reaction product from step (a), such as water, polar organic solvents, for example methanol, or mixtures thereof.
- An aqueous extracting agent in particular water itself, is preferably used.
- a water-soluble acid catalyst is used, its separation in the extraction step (b) can be intensified in that the polar extractant comprises a base.
- This base can e.g. B. under alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, such as NaOH, KOH, Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 ; and / or NH 3 may be selected.
- the concentration of the base added is generally in the range from 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0 to 15% by weight, based on the polar extractant.
- the hydrolysis by-products such as aldehydes, ketones or alcohols, act as solubilizers between the organic and polar phases, so that sufficient phase separation with minimal product loss is not achieved with all quantitative ratios of extractant to reaction mixture.
- the weight ratio of the polar extractant to the reaction mixture is therefore preferably in the range from 10: 1 to 0.3: 1, preferably from 5: 1 to 1: 1.
- the extraction is advantageously carried out at a temperature of 5 to 90 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- the organic phase can be subjected to purification by distillation. In most cases, however, it is sufficient to evaporate only the compounds boiling lower than the cyclohexenone derivatives of the formula I and to use the evaporation residue as such for further reaction.
- Evaporators known to those skilled in the art are suitable for this purpose, such as thin-film evaporators, short-path evaporators, natural circulation evaporators, falling film evaporators, forced circulation evaporators, forced circulation relaxation evaporators, helical tube evaporators or flash evaporation.
- the reaction mixture is fed to the falling film evaporator in such a way that backmixing with the current flowing from the tubes of the falling film evaporator is prevented.
- the mixture of low-boiling components e.g. B.
- Level control by means of an overflow or siphons, divided and partly discharged as a product stream from the falling film evaporator and partly returned to the vapor space.
- the falling film evaporator in the pipes can therefore be equipped with turbulence generators.
- turbulence generators lead to an improved heat transfer and thus to a gentler evaporation.
- wire mesh e.g. the so-called HiTran TM elements
- HiTran TM elements can be used.
- Degassing in the evaporator is preferably combined with flash evaporation.
- the reaction mixture obtained after the extraction is relaxed in a relaxation space, the reaction mixture breaking down into a liquid phase and a gas phase which contains part of the low-boiling components.
- Pressures of 1 to 600 mbar, preferably 10 to 100 mbar, are suitably maintained in the relaxation room.
- the vapor space of a falling film evaporator for example, can serve as the relaxation space, into which the reaction mixture is expanded to the pressure prevailing in the vapor space via a pressure-maintaining valve.
- the mixture running out of the vapor space is fed onto the distributor or the upper tube plate of the falling film evaporator, from which the mixture reaches the heated tubes of the evaporator.
- the subsequent evaporation on the trickle film achieves effective material separation at moderate wall and product temperatures.
- the process according to the invention is preferably carried out continuously.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the cyclohexenol compound of the formula II and an aqueous solution of the acid catalyst are introduced into the stirred tank reactor 1 via lines 2 and 3 and the metering pumps 4a and 4b.
- the reaction mixture reaches the mixer 6, into which water is led for extraction via line 7.
- the two-phase organic-aqueous mixture passes via line 8 into the phase separation vessel 9, from which the aqueous phase is drawn off via line 10 and discarded.
- the organic phase is drawn off via the line 11 and expanded by means of the pump 12 and the valve 13 into the expansion space 14, which is designed as a vapor space of the falling film evaporator 15.
- the gas phase from the vapor space 14 is withdrawn via line 18.
- the bottom product from the vapor space 14 is brought to the distributor 17 of the falling film evaporator 15 by means of the pump 16. From the sump 19 of the falling film evaporator 15 is a part of The bottom product is withdrawn as a product stream via line 20, and part of the bottom product is fed via the overflow 21 into the vapor space 14.
- a device according to FIG. 1 was used. About 6 kg / h of the compound (IIIa) and 0.6 kg / h of a 1% strength by weight aqueous solution of para-toluenesulfonic acid were introduced into the reactor 1. The reactor was thermostated to a temperature of 50 ° C. A gaseous stream of 0.71 kg / h was discharged from the reactor. In the mixer 6 below, about 12 kg / h of water were added to the organic phase, the outlet temperature was about 44 ° C. The organic phase running out of the phase separation vessel 9 had a residual para-toluenesulfonic acid content of 86 ppm. The organic phase was let down in the vapor space kept at 50 mbar in a falling film evaporator operated in circulation. The outlet temperature of the product in the pipes was about 53 ° C.
- the concentration of the title compound in the outlet of the falling film evaporator was 95.78 GC area percent, the concentrations of acetaldehyde, acetaldehyde diacetal and ethanol 0.31 or 0 or 0.74 GC area percent.
- the temperature of the onset of decomposition of the reaction mixture running out of the reactor was about 105 ° C., that of the organic phase running out of the phase separation vessel was about 160 ° C.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10358003A DE10358003A1 (de) | 2003-12-11 | 2003-12-11 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Astaxanthin- und Canthaxanthin-Vorprodukten |
PCT/EP2004/014119 WO2005056507A2 (de) | 2003-12-11 | 2004-12-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von astaxanthin- und canthaxanthin-vorprodukten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1718589A2 true EP1718589A2 (de) | 2006-11-08 |
Family
ID=34672598
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04803760A Withdrawn EP1718589A2 (de) | 2003-12-11 | 2004-12-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung von astaxanthin- und canthaxanthin-vorprodukten |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1718589A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10358003A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005056507A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060167319A1 (en) | 2004-10-01 | 2006-07-27 | Lockwood Samuel F | Methods for the synthesis of unsaturated ketone intermediates useful for the synthesis of carotenoids |
CN109476592B (zh) * | 2016-07-22 | 2021-12-21 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 6-羟基-3-[3-羟基-3-甲基-戊-1,4-二烯基]-2,4,4-三甲基-环己-2,5-二烯-1-酮 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4322277A1 (de) * | 1993-07-05 | 1995-01-12 | Basf Ag | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Astaxanthin, neue Zwischenprodukte hierfür sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
-
2003
- 2003-12-11 DE DE10358003A patent/DE10358003A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-12-10 EP EP04803760A patent/EP1718589A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-10 WO PCT/EP2004/014119 patent/WO2005056507A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2005056507A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10358003A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
WO2005056507A3 (de) | 2006-12-21 |
WO2005056507A2 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
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