EP1717433A2 - Active intake silencer - Google Patents
Active intake silencer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1717433A2 EP1717433A2 EP06003126A EP06003126A EP1717433A2 EP 1717433 A2 EP1717433 A2 EP 1717433A2 EP 06003126 A EP06003126 A EP 06003126A EP 06003126 A EP06003126 A EP 06003126A EP 1717433 A2 EP1717433 A2 EP 1717433A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intake
- silencer according
- membrane
- intake silencer
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002847 sound insulator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
- F02M35/1205—Flow throttling or guiding
- F02M35/1222—Flow throttling or guiding by using adjustable or movable elements, e.g. valves, membranes, bellows, expanding or shrinking elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/12—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification
- F02M35/1244—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using interference; Masking or reflecting sound
- F02M35/125—Intake silencers ; Sound modulation, transmission or amplification using interference; Masking or reflecting sound by using active elements, e.g. speakers
Definitions
- the invention relates to an active intake silencer for air intake ducts according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
- intake silencers are provided to dampen the engine intake air intake sound intensity to an acceptable level.
- Legal requirements provide a legal framework for soundproofing.
- Passive silencers work on the principle of sound absorption and have fibrous or porous materials that have large and highly structured surfaces.
- the intake air sound is to be diverted and reflected in this way in absorbing and sound-absorbing mazes, so that the sound energy is dissipated until the intake air noise has fallen below a desired level.
- Passive silencers which operate on the principle of sound absorption, block the intake air. In that way they reduce the power of the engine.
- Counter-noise can be generated passively through specially designed resonators or actively via loudspeakers.
- Resonators can for example be designed as ⁇ / 4-pipe and be coupled laterally to the air intake duct.
- ⁇ / 4-tube sound is phase-shifted by 180 ° reflected.
- the reflected sound waves are superimposed with the disturbing sound and thus cause the sound attenuation.
- account must be taken of the time it takes the sound to propagate twice over the length of the ⁇ / 4 tube.
- the frequency of the intake air sound has changed in the air intake ducts due to the dynamic conditions, so that it does not come to the desired compensation in the superposition with the reflected sound.
- the frequencies at which extinction is possible are for physical reasons from the outset limited to multiples of ⁇ / 4.
- control circuits and control loops are used.
- sensors for the intake air sound take on relevant parameters such. As the engine speed, the load state of the engine and the temperature of the intake air.
- a control unit generates corresponding output signals on the basis of these input signals, with which the loudspeaker arranged on the air intake duct is controlled.
- Such control circuits are relatively easy to manufacture and provide acceptable results at a low cost.
- the sound attenuation can be further improved by a control loop.
- the sensor system is preferably supplemented by a pressure sensor or a microphone.
- the control unit in conjunction with the loudspeaker can then generate exactly matched compensation sound, which is adapted to the dynamic changes in the intake air sound and therefore has a high damping effect.
- the physical conditions in the attenuation of intake air sound are difficult.
- the intake air sound has a high sound pressure level, with the intake air flow pulsing.
- the installation location in the engine compartment is warm and humid.
- the conventional cone speakers previously used for Ansaug Kunststoffschalldämpfung not withstand the harsh physical conditions.
- the membrane and magnets wear out very quickly. For experimental reasons, therefore, titanium membranes were used; However, these are too expensive for mass production.
- large-area membranes and heavy magnets are required for the generation of low frequencies, for z. B. in motor vehicles no space available and are not taken into account for mass production due to their weight.
- the present invention seeks to provide an active intake silencer, which superimposed on the intake air noise with compensation sound in the required intensity regardless of the vehicle type and also characterized by a compact design and durability or reliability.
- the core idea here is to superimpose the intake air sound with the compensation sound of a loudspeaker, which works as an electroacoustic transducer based on bending waves.
- Such speakers have a membrane on the surface of which bending waves and shear waves propagate when excited by a transducer to vibrate.
- the wave propagation in membranes takes place in different ways. While density and expansion waves are dominant in thicker membranes, bending and shear waves also occur in thinner media. For use in loudspeakers, the bending wave components have proved suitable for their amplitude and their propagation behavior.
- the propagation behavior of bending waves in a membrane is significantly influenced by the bending stiffness of the membrane.
- the bending stiffness is frequency-dependent.
- coincidence frequency the phase velocity of the wave in the membrane is identical to the phase velocity in the air.
- the wave separates from the membrane at an angle of about 0 °. Above the coincidence frequency, the angle increases up to 90 °, whereby the efficiency increases dramatically.
- the coincidence frequency is therefore the lowest frequency at which flexural waves are converted into airborne sound waves. Below this frequency, pure piston oscillation is predominant.
- Such speakers are characterized particularly advantageous by their flat design.
- the membrane is thin and preferably flat or slightly curved.
- the transducer is attached to and coupled to the back of the membrane.
- the membrane is held in a frame of the housing of the loudspeaker.
- the housing is located on the side facing away from the intake air flow side of the membrane and also encloses the transducer.
- the membrane must be designed to withstand the particular physical requirements of an air intake duct, especially with regard to temperature and humidity. Another requirement may be that it must be intake air tight.
- the loudspeaker is controlled by a control unit, which is coupled to a sensor via signal lines.
- the intake silencer can thus be constructed both as a control circuit as well as a control circuit and thus dampen the intake air sound active and with high efficiency.
- the membrane may be disposed in an opening in the wall of the air intake duct. It is expediently arranged in an air filter unit or an air collector housing. These embodiments allow by integrating into an existing component a particularly compact design. The direct coupling of the loudspeaker with the intake air flow simplifies the damping considerably, because fewer factors have to be taken into account when generating the counter sound.
- the membrane is flat. In this way, the calculation of the bending waves and the design of the membrane are significantly simplified. In addition, a compact design is achieved with large membranes, which can be placed in the immediate vicinity of the air intake duct.
- the membrane can consist of a stainless steel foil. This feature increases the durability of the membrane in view of the physical requirements. But it is also possible that the membrane is vapor-deposited on the side facing the intake air flow with metal or covered with a stainless steel foil. Both solutions advantageously increase one-sided the durability of the membrane and make it possible to produce the membrane on a less expensive material.
- the intake air sound is influenced in its properties essentially by the engine, that is its speed level and its load state, as well as by the temperature of the intake air flow. Accordingly, it is provided to couple the control unit with a motor control electronics. Motor data can be continuously transmitted to the control unit during operation via the direct connection - without the need for cumbersome signal conversion with the associated loss of efficiency and time. For this purpose, corresponding interfaces are output side to provide the engine control electronics and input side of the control unit.
- the sensor system may include a temperature sensor for measuring the intake air temperature in the air intake duct. Since the speed of sound is particularly dependent on the temperature of the intake air, taking into account the intake air temperature substantially increases the efficiency of the intake silencer.
- the sensor system may include a throttle position sensor for detecting the throttle position.
- the throttle position allows to draw conclusions about the load condition of the engine.
- sensors are common in today's motor vehicles and can also be used within the scope of the claimed invention.
- the sensor system may include a sensor for detecting the engine speed.
- the sensor system may also include a pressure sensor or a microphone for detecting the intake air sound in the air intake duct.
- a control circuit for generating the compensation sound a particularly high efficiency in the attenuation of the intake air is achieved. This sensor is then run as well as the speaker intake air resistant.
- the control unit can be microprocessor-controlled. This feature allows flexible adaptation of the intake silencer to different practical conditions.
- the control behavior of the control unit is now program-controlled.
- the programs can be changed or exchanged via a corresponding interface on the control unit. In this way, a design of the intake air sound in the sense of a sound design is possible.
- a microprocessor-controlled control unit also simplifies the vehicle-independent installation of the intake silencer, since with the same hardware, only the software has to be adapted.
- control behavior of the control unit can be adjustable. In this way, the driver is allowed to influence the sound of the vehicle directly via switches or knobs, e.g. to make it sound particularly sporty or quiet.
- the transducer may be a voice coil.
- Voice coils are characterized by their compact design and the fact that they comprise only a few moving parts.
- the converter comprises an electric motor, to whose drive shaft an eccentric is attached, which is coupled via a connecting rod with the membrane. In this way, a vibration of the membrane in a frequency can be generated particularly easily and in a robust manner.
- the converter can also be made heat resistant.
- the housing serves two main purposes, namely protection against environmental influences and for ease of assembly, in that the transducer with the membrane and the housing can be delivered prefabricated in the assembly as an assembly.
- an active intake muffler 1 for an air intake passage 2 is shown in longitudinal section on the example of a motor vehicle. This is arranged in an air filter unit 28.
- the active intake muffler 1 the sound of the intake air is superimposed with a phase-shifted by 180 ° compensation sound of a speaker 3 and thus damped or extinguished.
- the flat speaker 3 is inserted in a side opening 4 in the wall 5 of the air intake passage 2 of a motor, not shown.
- the loudspeaker 3 has a membrane 7 and arranged in a housing 6 a voice coil 8.
- the membrane 7 is thin and consists of a stainless steel foil so that it has a particularly low coincidence frequency and a broad frequency spectrum within which it oscillates.
- the membrane 7 is made heat and moisture resistant and aligned so that its surface 9 comes into contact with the intake air flow AS.
- the voice coil 8 is fixed and stimulates the diaphragm 7 to oscillate, thereby bending waves propagate to the intake air facing surface 9 of the membrane 7.
- the voice coil 8 is also made heat and moisture resistant.
- the speaker 3 has enough potential to generate compensation sound in the required intensity.
- the loudspeaker 3 is controlled by a microprocessor-controlled control unit 10, which is fastened separately to the vehicle body, not shown in detail. It has additional interfaces 11-16 for sensors, an operating unit 17, data transfer and power supply. On the basis of the signals transmitted by the sensor, the control unit 10 calculates a compensation oscillation. This is converted into an electrical oscillation by a digital / analog converter 18 and amplified by an amplifier 19 belonging to the control unit, before it is forwarded to the loudspeaker 3. The calculation of the compensation oscillation is program-controlled. The programs are interchangeable via the data transfer interface 12. Specific programs are provided for different vehicle types. The control behavior of the control unit 10 can be modified by the driver via an operating unit 17, for. B. to give the sound of the vehicle a sporty or gentle touch or to make the vehicle noise quieter or louder.
- the sensor system comprises a direct coupling of the control unit 10 with a motor control electronics 20, a temperature sensor 21 and a microphone 22, which are attached to the air intake duct.
- the signal transmission takes place via suitable signal lines 27.
- the temperature sensor 21 receives the temperature of the intake air flow AS in the pipeline 2 in the immediate vicinity of the loudspeaker 3. It is designed to withstand intake air.
- the also intake air-resistant microphone 22 is inserted downstream of the speaker 3 in a second opening 24 in the wall 5 of the air intake duct 2.
- an operating unit 17 is provided. This is arranged so that it can be operated by the driver while driving. It comprises switch 25 and rotary control 26.
- the control unit 17 is coupled to the control unit 10 via a signal line 27.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen aktiven Ansaugschalldämpfer für Luftansaugkanäle gemäß den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an active intake silencer for air intake ducts according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
In Luftansaugsystemen von Kraftfahrzeugen werden Ansaugschalldämpfer vorgesehen, um die vom Motor ausgehende Intensität des Ansaugluftschalls auf ein akzeptables Maß zu dämpfen. Gesetzliche Vorgaben geben einen rechtlichen Rahmen für die Schalldämpfung vor.In air intake systems of automobiles, intake silencers are provided to dampen the engine intake air intake sound intensity to an acceptable level. Legal requirements provide a legal framework for soundproofing.
Passive Schalldämpfer arbeiten nach dem Prinzip der Schallabsorption und weisen faserige oder offenporige Materialien auf, die große und möglichst stark strukturierte Oberflächen haben. Der Ansaugluftschall soll auf diese Weise in absorbierende und schalldämpfende Labyrinthe umgeleitet und reflektiert werden, so dass die Schallenergie abgebaut wird, bis der Ansaugluftschall einen gewünschten Pegel unterschritten hat. Passive Schalldämpfer, die nach dem Prinzip der Schallabsorption arbeiten, stauen die Ansaugluft. Insofern vermindern sie die Leistung des Motors.Passive silencers work on the principle of sound absorption and have fibrous or porous materials that have large and highly structured surfaces. The intake air sound is to be diverted and reflected in this way in absorbing and sound-absorbing mazes, so that the sound energy is dissipated until the intake air noise has fallen below a desired level. Passive silencers, which operate on the principle of sound absorption, block the intake air. In that way they reduce the power of the engine.
Es wurden auch Ansaugschalldämpfer vorgeschlagen, die sich das Prinzip des Gegenschalls zunutze machen, wobei störender Schall mit Kompensationsschall überlagert werden soll. Der Kompensationsschall soll die gleiche Frequenz und Intensität wie der störende Schall aufweisen, jedoch um 180° phasenverschoben sein. Durch die Interferenz wird eine Dämpfung des störenden Schalls erreicht, die im Idealfall zu einer vollständigen Auslöschung führt.It has also been proposed intake silencers, which make use of the principle of counter-noise, with interfering sound to be superimposed with compensation sound. The compensation sound should have the same frequency and intensity as the disturbing sound, but be phase-shifted by 180 °. The interference achieves a damping of the disturbing sound, which ideally leads to complete cancellation.
Gegenschall kann passiv durch speziell gestaltete Resonatoren oder aktiv über Lautsprecher erzeugt werden. Resonatoren können beispielsweise als λ/4-Rohr ausgeführt und seitlich an den Luftansaugkanal angekoppelt sein. Am Ende des λ/4-Rohrs wird Schall phasenverschoben um 180° reflektiert. Die reflektierten Schallwellen überlagern sich mit dem störenden Schall und bewirken so die Schalldämpfung. Dabei ist jedoch die Zeit zu berücksichtigen, die der Schall braucht, um sich zwei Mal über die Länge des λ/4-Rohrs auszubreiten. Mitunter hat sich in Luftansaugkanälen aufgrund der dynamischen Verhältnisse die Frequenz des Ansaugluftschalls zwischenzeitlich verändert, so dass es bei der Überlagerung mit dem reflektierten Schall nicht zu der gewünschten Kompensation kommt. Außerdem sind die Frequenzen, bei denen überhaupt eine Auslöschung möglich ist, aus physikalischen Gründen von vornherein auf Vielfache von λ/4 beschränkt.Counter-noise can be generated passively through specially designed resonators or actively via loudspeakers. Resonators can for example be designed as λ / 4-pipe and be coupled laterally to the air intake duct. At the end of the λ / 4-tube sound is phase-shifted by 180 ° reflected. The reflected sound waves are superimposed with the disturbing sound and thus cause the sound attenuation. However, account must be taken of the time it takes the sound to propagate twice over the length of the λ / 4 tube. Occasionally, the frequency of the intake air sound has changed in the air intake ducts due to the dynamic conditions, so that it does not come to the desired compensation in the superposition with the reflected sound. In addition, the frequencies at which extinction is possible are for physical reasons from the outset limited to multiples of λ / 4.
Aufgrund dieser Einschränkungen wurden aktive Ansaugschalldämpfer entwickelt, die Kompensationsschall durch Lautsprecher erzeugen. Zur Generierung des Kompensationsschalls wird auf Steuerkreise und Regelkreise zurückgegriffen. In Steuerkreisen nehmen Sensoren für den Ansaugluftschall relevante Parameter auf, wie z. B. die Motordrehzahl, den Lastzustand des Motors und die Temperatur der Ansaugluft. Eine Kontrolleinheit erzeugt auf Basis dieser Eingangssignale entsprechende Ausgangssignale, mit denen der am Luftansaugkanal angeordnete Lautsprecher angesteuert wird. Derartige Steuerkreise sind relativ einfach herzustellen und liefern akzeptable Ergebnisse bei günstigen Kosten.Because of these limitations, active intake silencers have been developed that generate compensation sound through speakers. To generate the compensation sound, control circuits and control loops are used. In control circuits, sensors for the intake air sound take on relevant parameters such. As the engine speed, the load state of the engine and the temperature of the intake air. A control unit generates corresponding output signals on the basis of these input signals, with which the loudspeaker arranged on the air intake duct is controlled. Such control circuits are relatively easy to manufacture and provide acceptable results at a low cost.
Die Schalldämpfung kann durch einen Regelkreis weiter verbessert werden. Hierbei wird die Sensorik vorzugsweise um einen Drucksensor oder um ein Mikrofon ergänzt. Auf Basis des von dieser Sensorik aufgenommen Ansaugluftschalls kann dann die Kontrolleinheit in Verbindung mit dem Lautsprecher exakt abgestimmten Kompensationsschall erzeugen, der an die dynamischen Veränderungen des Ansaugluftschalls angepasst ist und von daher eine hohe Dämpfungswirkung hat.The sound attenuation can be further improved by a control loop. In this case, the sensor system is preferably supplemented by a pressure sensor or a microphone. On the basis of the intake air sound recorded by this sensor, the control unit in conjunction with the loudspeaker can then generate exactly matched compensation sound, which is adapted to the dynamic changes in the intake air sound and therefore has a high damping effect.
Die physikalischen Rahmenbedingungen bei der Dämpfung von Ansaugluftschall sind schwierig. Der Ansaugluftschall hat einen hohen Schalldruckpegel, wobei der Ansaugluftstrom pulsiert. Der Einbauort im Motorraum ist warm und feucht. Die bisher zur Ansaugluftschalldämpfung eingesetzten herkömmlichen Konuslautsprecher halten den harten physikalischen Bedingungen nicht stand. Die Membran und Magnete verschleißen sehr schnell. Versuchsweise wurden deshalb Titan-Membranen eingesetzt; diese sind jedoch für die Massenfertigung zu teuer. Zudem werden zur Erzeugung von tiefen Frequenzen großflächige Membranen und schwere Magnete benötigt, für die z. B. in Kraftfahrzeugen kein Bauraum zur Verfügung steht und die aufgrund ihres Gewichts nicht für die Serienfertigung in Betracht gezogen werden.The physical conditions in the attenuation of intake air sound are difficult. The intake air sound has a high sound pressure level, with the intake air flow pulsing. The installation location in the engine compartment is warm and humid. The conventional cone speakers previously used for Ansaugluftschalldämpfung not withstand the harsh physical conditions. The membrane and magnets wear out very quickly. For experimental reasons, therefore, titanium membranes were used; However, these are too expensive for mass production. In addition, large-area membranes and heavy magnets are required for the generation of low frequencies, for z. B. in motor vehicles no space available and are not taken into account for mass production due to their weight.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen aktiven Ansaugschalldämpfer zu schaffen, der unabhängig vom Fahrzeugtyp den Ansaugluftschall mit Kompensationsschall in der erforderlichen Intensität überlagert und der sich zudem durch eine kompakte Bauform und Beständigkeit bzw. Zuverlässigkeit auszeichnet.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide an active intake silencer, which superimposed on the intake air noise with compensation sound in the required intensity regardless of the vehicle type and also characterized by a compact design and durability or reliability.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im Patenanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1.
Kerngedanke ist hierbei, den Ansaugluftschall mit Kompensationsschall eines Lautsprechers zu überlagern, der als elektroakustischer Wandler auf Basis von Biegewellen arbeitet. Derartige Lautsprecher weisen eine Membran auf, an deren Oberfläche sich Biegewellen und Schubwellen ausbreiten, wenn sie durch einen Wandler zu Schwingungen angeregt wird.The core idea here is to superimpose the intake air sound with the compensation sound of a loudspeaker, which works as an electroacoustic transducer based on bending waves. Such speakers have a membrane on the surface of which bending waves and shear waves propagate when excited by a transducer to vibrate.
Die Wellenausbreitung in Membranen erfolgt auf unterschiedliche Weise. Während in dickeren Membranen Dichte- und Dehnwellen dominant sind, entstehen in dünneren Medien außerdem Biege- und Schubwellen. Für die Anwendung in Lautsprechern haben sich die Biegewellenanteile wegen ihrer Amplitude und ihres Ausbreitungsverhaltens als geeignet erwiesen. Das Ausbreitungsverhalten von Biegewellen in einer Membran wird maßgeblich durch die Biegesteifigkeit der Membran beeinflusst. Die Biegesteifigkeit ist frequenzabhängig. Bei der sogenannten Koinzidenzfrequenz ist die Phasengeschwindigkeit der Welle in der Membran identisch mit der Phasengeschwindigkeit in der Luft. Bei dieser Frequenz löst sich die Welle von der Membran unter einem Winkel von ca. 0°. Oberhalb der Koinzidenzfrequenz erhöht sich der Winkel auf bis zu 90°, wobei sich der Wirkungsgrad sprunghaft erhöht. Die Koinzidenzfrequenz stellt daher die niedrigste Frequenz dar, bei der Biegewellen in Luft-Schallwellen umgewandelt werden. Unterhalb dieser Frequenz ist reine Kolbenschwingung vorherrschend.The wave propagation in membranes takes place in different ways. While density and expansion waves are dominant in thicker membranes, bending and shear waves also occur in thinner media. For use in loudspeakers, the bending wave components have proved suitable for their amplitude and their propagation behavior. The propagation behavior of bending waves in a membrane is significantly influenced by the bending stiffness of the membrane. The bending stiffness is frequency-dependent. At the so-called coincidence frequency, the phase velocity of the wave in the membrane is identical to the phase velocity in the air. At this frequency, the wave separates from the membrane at an angle of about 0 °. Above the coincidence frequency, the angle increases up to 90 °, whereby the efficiency increases dramatically. The coincidence frequency is therefore the lowest frequency at which flexural waves are converted into airborne sound waves. Below this frequency, pure piston oscillation is predominant.
Derartige Lautsprecher zeichnen sich besonders vorteilhaft durch ihre flache Bauform aus. Die Membran ist dünn und vorzugsweise eben oder leicht gewölbt. Der Wandler ist auf der Rückseite der Membran befestigt und mit dieser gekoppelt. Die Membran ist in einem Rahmen des Gehäuses des Lautsprechers gehaltert. Das Gehäuse befindet sich auf der dem Ansaugluftstrom abgewandten Seite der Membran und umschließt auch den Wandler.Such speakers are characterized particularly advantageous by their flat design. The membrane is thin and preferably flat or slightly curved. The transducer is attached to and coupled to the back of the membrane. The membrane is held in a frame of the housing of the loudspeaker. The housing is located on the side facing away from the intake air flow side of the membrane and also encloses the transducer.
Die Membran muss so ausgeführt sein, dass sie den besonderen physikalischen Anforderungen eines Luftansaugkanals, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Temperatur und die Feuchtigkeit, standhält. Eine weitere Voraussetzung kann sein, dass sie ansaugluftdicht sein muss.The membrane must be designed to withstand the particular physical requirements of an air intake duct, especially with regard to temperature and humidity. Another requirement may be that it must be intake air tight.
Der Lautsprecher wird von einer Kontrolleinheit angesteuert, die mit einer Sensorik über Signalleitungen gekoppelt ist. Der Ansaugschalldämpfer kann somit sowohl als Steuerkreis wie auch als Regelkreis aufgebaut sein und so den Ansaugluftschall aktiv und mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad dämpfen.The loudspeaker is controlled by a control unit, which is coupled to a sensor via signal lines. The intake silencer can thus be constructed both as a control circuit as well as a control circuit and thus dampen the intake air sound active and with high efficiency.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 19.Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge from the dependent claims 2 to 19.
Die Membran kann in einer Öffnung in der Wandung des Luftansaugkanals angeordnet sein. Zweckmäßigerweise ist sie in einer Luftfiltereinheit oder einem Luftsammlergehäuse angeordnet. Diese Ausführungsformen ermöglichen durch die Integration in ein bestehendes Bauteil eine besonders kompakte Bauform. Durch die unmittelbare Koppelung des Lautsprechers mit dem Ansaugluftstrom vereinfacht sich die Dämpfung erheblich, weil weniger Faktoren bei der Generierung des Gegenschalls berücksichtigt werden müssen.The membrane may be disposed in an opening in the wall of the air intake duct. It is expediently arranged in an air filter unit or an air collector housing. These embodiments allow by integrating into an existing component a particularly compact design. The direct coupling of the loudspeaker with the intake air flow simplifies the damping considerably, because fewer factors have to be taken into account when generating the counter sound.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Membran eben ausgeführt ist. Auf diese Weise werden die Berechnung der Biegewellen und die Auslegung der Membran deutlich vereinfacht. Zudem wird bei großen Membranen eine kompakte Bauform erreicht, die in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Luftansaugkanal platziert werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if the membrane is flat. In this way, the calculation of the bending waves and the design of the membrane are significantly simplified. In addition, a compact design is achieved with large membranes, which can be placed in the immediate vicinity of the air intake duct.
Die Membran kann aus einer Edelstahlfolie bestehen. Durch dieses Merkmal wird die Beständigkeit der Membran angesichts der physikalischen Anforderungen erhöht. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass die Membran an der dem Ansaugluftstrom zugewandten Seite mit Metall bedampft oder mit einer Edelstahlfolie bezogen ist. Beide Lösungen erhöhen vorteilhaft einseitig die Beständigkeit der Membran und ermöglichen es, die Membran auf einem kostengünstigeren Werkstoff herzustellen.The membrane can consist of a stainless steel foil. This feature increases the durability of the membrane in view of the physical requirements. But it is also possible that the membrane is vapor-deposited on the side facing the intake air flow with metal or covered with a stainless steel foil. Both solutions advantageously increase one-sided the durability of the membrane and make it possible to produce the membrane on a less expensive material.
Der Ansaugluftschall wird in seinen Eigenschaften im Wesentlichen durch den Motor, das heißt sein Drehzahlniveau und seinen Lastzustand, sowie durch die Temperatur des Ansaugluftstroms beeinflusst. Dementsprechend ist vorgesehen, die Kontrolleinheit mit einer Motorsteuerungselektronik zu koppeln. Über die direkte Verbindung können im Betrieb kontinuierlich Motordaten an die Kontrolleinheit übermittelt werden - ohne dass eine umständliche Signalumwandlung mit den einhergehenden Wirkungsgrad- und Zeitverlusten erforderlich ist. Zu diesem Zweck sind entsprechende Schnittstellen ausgangsseitig der Motorsteuerungselektronik und eingangseitig der Kontrolleinheit vorzusehen.The intake air sound is influenced in its properties essentially by the engine, that is its speed level and its load state, as well as by the temperature of the intake air flow. Accordingly, it is provided to couple the control unit with a motor control electronics. Motor data can be continuously transmitted to the control unit during operation via the direct connection - without the need for cumbersome signal conversion with the associated loss of efficiency and time. For this purpose, corresponding interfaces are output side to provide the engine control electronics and input side of the control unit.
Die Sensorik kann einen Temperatursensor zur Messung der Ansauglufttemperatur im Luftansaugkanal umfassen. Da die Schallgeschwindigkeit in besonderem Maße von der Temperatur der Ansaugluft abhängig ist, erhöht die Berücksichtigung Ansauglufttemperatur den Wirkungsgrad des Ansaugschalldämpfers wesentlich.The sensor system may include a temperature sensor for measuring the intake air temperature in the air intake duct. Since the speed of sound is particularly dependent on the temperature of the intake air, taking into account the intake air temperature substantially increases the efficiency of the intake silencer.
Die Sensorik kann einen Drosselklappensensor zur Erfassung der Drosselklappenstellung umfassen. Die Drosselklappenstellung erlaubt es, Rückschlüsse auf den Lastzustand des Motors zu ziehen. Derartige Sensoren sind in heutigen Kraftfahrzeugen üblich und können auch im Rahmen der beanspruchten Erfindung genutzt werden.The sensor system may include a throttle position sensor for detecting the throttle position. The throttle position allows to draw conclusions about the load condition of the engine. Such sensors are common in today's motor vehicles and can also be used within the scope of the claimed invention.
Darüber hinaus kann die Sensorik einen Sensor zur Erfassung der Motordrehzahl umfassen.In addition, the sensor system may include a sensor for detecting the engine speed.
Die Sensorik kann außerdem einen Drucksensor oder ein Mikrofon zur Erfassung des Ansaugluftschalls im Luftansaugkanal umfassen. Durch den Aufbau eines Regelkreises zur Generierung des Kompensationsschalls wird ein besonders hoher Wirkungsgrad bei der Dämpfung des Ansaugluftschalls erreicht. Diese Sensorik ist dann ebenso wie der Lautsprecher ansaugluftbeständig auszuführen.The sensor system may also include a pressure sensor or a microphone for detecting the intake air sound in the air intake duct. The construction of a control circuit for generating the compensation sound, a particularly high efficiency in the attenuation of the intake air is achieved. This sensor is then run as well as the speaker intake air resistant.
Die Kontrolleinheit kann mikroprozessorgesteuert sein. Dieses Merkmal ermöglicht eine flexible Anpassung des Ansaugschalldämpfers an unterschiedliche Praxisbedingungen. Das Steuerverhalten der Kontrolleinheit ist nunmehr programmgesteuert. Die Programme können verändert oder über eine entsprechende Schnittstelle an der Kontrolleinheit ausgetauscht werden. Auf diese Weise wird eine Gestaltung des Ansaugluftschalls im Sinne eines Sound-Designs ermöglicht. Eine mikroprozessorgesteuerte Kontrolleinheit vereinfacht zudem den fahrzeugunabhängigen Einbau des Ansaugschalldämpfers, da bei gleich bleibender Hardware lediglich die Software angepasst werden muss.The control unit can be microprocessor-controlled. This feature allows flexible adaptation of the intake silencer to different practical conditions. The control behavior of the control unit is now program-controlled. The programs can be changed or exchanged via a corresponding interface on the control unit. In this way, a design of the intake air sound in the sense of a sound design is possible. A microprocessor-controlled control unit also simplifies the vehicle-independent installation of the intake silencer, since with the same hardware, only the software has to be adapted.
Es ist ferner vorgesehen, dass das Steuerverhalten der Kontrolleinheit einstellbar sein kann. Auf diese Weise wird es dem Fahrer nach Belieben ermöglicht, über Schalter oder Drehregler auf das Geräusch des Fahrzeugs unmittelbar Einfluss zu nehmen, z.B. um es besonders sportlich oder auch leise klingen zu lassen.It is further provided that the control behavior of the control unit can be adjustable. In this way, the driver is allowed to influence the sound of the vehicle directly via switches or knobs, e.g. to make it sound particularly sporty or quiet.
Der Wandler kann eine Schwingspule sein. Schwingspulen zeichnen sich durch ihre kompakte Bauform und durch die Tatsache aus, dass sie nur wenige bewegte Teile umfassen. Alternativ umfasst der Wandler einen Elektromotor, an dessen Antriebswelle ein Exzenter befestigt ist, der über einen Pleuel mit der Membran gekoppelt ist. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine Schwingung der Membran in einer Frequenz besonders einfach und auf robuste Weise erzeugen. Durch die Anordnung kann der Elektromotor räumlich getrennt vom Ansaugluftstrom angeordnet werden, so dass unter Umständen die thermische Beanspruchung des Wandlers deutlich verringert wird. Der Wandler kann zudem hitzebeständig ausgeführt sein.The transducer may be a voice coil. Voice coils are characterized by their compact design and the fact that they comprise only a few moving parts. Alternatively, the converter comprises an electric motor, to whose drive shaft an eccentric is attached, which is coupled via a connecting rod with the membrane. In this way, a vibration of the membrane in a frequency can be generated particularly easily and in a robust manner. By arranging the electric motor can be arranged spatially separated from the intake air flow, so that under certain circumstances, the thermal stress of the transducer is significantly reduced. The converter can also be made heat resistant.
Es kann ein Gehäuse vorgesehen sein, wobei die Membran und der Wandler im Gehäuse angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse dient im Wesentlichen zwei Zwecken, und zwar dem Schutz vor Umwelteinflüssen und zur Erleichterung der Montage, indem der Wandler mit der Membran und dem Gehäuse als Baugruppe vorgefertigt in die Montage geliefert werden kann.It can be provided a housing, wherein the membrane and the transducer are arranged in the housing. The housing serves two main purposes, namely protection against environmental influences and for ease of assembly, in that the transducer with the membrane and the housing can be delivered prefabricated in the assembly as an assembly.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in einer Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. In der Figur ist im Längsschnitt ein aktiver Ansaugschalldämpfer 1 für einen Luftansaugkanal 2 am Beispiel eines Kraftfahrzeuges dargestellt. Dieser ist in einer Luftfiltereinheit 28 angeordnet. Durch den aktiven Ansaugschalldämpfer 1 wird der Schall der Ansaugluft mit um 180° phasenverschobenem Kompensationsschall eines Lautsprechers 3 überlagert und somit gedämpft bzw. ausgelöscht.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment schematically illustrated in a drawing. In the figure, an active intake muffler 1 for an air intake passage 2 is shown in longitudinal section on the example of a motor vehicle. This is arranged in an air filter unit 28. By the active intake muffler 1, the sound of the intake air is superimposed with a phase-shifted by 180 ° compensation sound of a speaker 3 and thus damped or extinguished.
Der flache Lautsprecher 3 ist in einer seitlichen Öffnung 4 in der Wandung 5 des Luftansaugkanals 2 eines nicht näher dargestellten Motors eingesetzt. Der Lautsprecher 3 weist eine in einem Gehäuse 6 angeordnete Membran 7 und eine Schwingspule 8 auf. Die Membran 7 ist dünn und besteht aus einer Edelstahlfolie, so dass sie eine besonders niedrige Koinzidenzfrequenz und ein breites Frequenzspektrum aufweist, innerhalb dessen sie schwingt. Die Membran 7 ist hitze- und feuchtigkeitsbeständig ausgeführt und so ausgerichtet, dass ihre Oberfläche 9 mit dem Ansaugluftstrom AS in Kontakt kommt. Auf der Rückseite der Membran 7 ist die Schwingspule 8 befestigt und regt die Membran 7 zu Schwingungen an, wobei sich dadurch Biegewellen an der der Ansaugluft zugewandte Oberfläche 9 der Membran 7 ausbreiten. Die Schwingspule 8 ist ebenfalls hitze- und feuchtigkeitsbeständig ausgeführt. Der Lautsprecher 3 verfügt über genügend Potential um Kompensationsschall in der benötigten Intensität zu erzeugen.The flat speaker 3 is inserted in a side opening 4 in the wall 5 of the air intake passage 2 of a motor, not shown. The loudspeaker 3 has a membrane 7 and arranged in a housing 6 a voice coil 8. The membrane 7 is thin and consists of a stainless steel foil so that it has a particularly low coincidence frequency and a broad frequency spectrum within which it oscillates. The membrane 7 is made heat and moisture resistant and aligned so that its surface 9 comes into contact with the intake air flow AS. On the back of the membrane 7, the voice coil 8 is fixed and stimulates the diaphragm 7 to oscillate, thereby bending waves propagate to the intake air facing surface 9 of the membrane 7. The voice coil 8 is also made heat and moisture resistant. The speaker 3 has enough potential to generate compensation sound in the required intensity.
Der Lautsprecher 3 wird von einer mikroprozessorgesteuerten Kontrolleinheit 10 angesteuert, die separat an der nicht näher dargestellten Karosserie des Fahrzeugs befestigt ist. Diese verfügt über weitere Schnittstellen 11-16 für eine Sensorik, für eine Bedieneinheit 17, zum Datentransfer und zur Spannungsversorgung. Auf Basis der von der Sensorik übermittelten Signale berechnet die Kontrolleinheit 10 eine Kompensationsschwingung. Diese wird von einem Digital/Analog-Wandler 18 in eine elektrische Schwingung umgewandelt und von einem zur Kontrolleinheit gehörenden Verstärker 19 verstärkt, bevor sie an den Lautsprecher 3 weitergeleitet wird. Die Berechnung der Kompensationsschwingung erfolgt programmgesteuert. Die Programme sind über die Datentransferschnittstelle 12 austauschbar. Für unterschiedliche Fahrzeugtypen sind jeweils spezifische Programme vorgesehen. Das Steuerverhalten der Kontrolleinheit 10 kann vom Fahrer über eine Bedieneinheit 17 modifiziert werden, z. B. um den Klang des Fahrzeugs eine sportliche oder sanfte Note zu verleihen bzw. um das Fahrzeuggeräusch leiser oder lauter einzustellen.The loudspeaker 3 is controlled by a microprocessor-controlled control unit 10, which is fastened separately to the vehicle body, not shown in detail. It has additional interfaces 11-16 for sensors, an operating unit 17, data transfer and power supply. On the basis of the signals transmitted by the sensor, the control unit 10 calculates a compensation oscillation. This is converted into an electrical oscillation by a digital / analog converter 18 and amplified by an amplifier 19 belonging to the control unit, before it is forwarded to the loudspeaker 3. The calculation of the compensation oscillation is program-controlled. The programs are interchangeable via the data transfer interface 12. Specific programs are provided for different vehicle types. The control behavior of the control unit 10 can be modified by the driver via an operating unit 17, for. B. to give the sound of the vehicle a sporty or gentle touch or to make the vehicle noise quieter or louder.
Die Sensorik umfasst eine direkte Kopplung der Kontrolleinheit 10 mit einer Motorsteuerungselektronik 20, einen Temperatursensor 21 und ein Mikrofon 22, welche am Luftansaugkanal befestigt sind. Die Signalübertragung erfolgt über geeignete Signalleitungen 27. Von der Motorsteuerungselektronik 20 werden die Drehzahl und der Lastzustand des Motors über eine spezielle Ausgangsschnittstelle 23 an die Kontrolleinheit 10 übertragen. Der Temperatursensor 21 nimmt die Temperatur des Ansaugluftstroms AS in der Rohrleitung 2 in unmittelbarer Nähe des Lautsprechers 3 auf. Er ist ansaugluftbeständig ausgeführt. Das ebenfalls ansaugluftbeständige Mikrofon 22 ist stromabwärts des Lautsprechers 3 in einer zweiten Öffnung 24 in der Wandung 5 des Luftansaugkanals 2 eingesetzt.The sensor system comprises a direct coupling of the control unit 10 with a motor control electronics 20, a temperature sensor 21 and a microphone 22, which are attached to the air intake duct. The signal transmission takes place via suitable signal lines 27. From the engine control electronics 20, the speed and the load state of the engine via a special output interface 23 transmitted to the control unit 10. The temperature sensor 21 receives the temperature of the intake air flow AS in the pipeline 2 in the immediate vicinity of the loudspeaker 3. It is designed to withstand intake air. The also intake air-resistant microphone 22 is inserted downstream of the speaker 3 in a second opening 24 in the wall 5 of the air intake duct 2.
Zur Beeinflussung des Fahrzeugklangs ist eine Bedieneinheit 17 vorgesehen. Diese ist so angeordnet, dass sie vom Fahrer beim Fahren betätigt werden kann. Sie umfasst Schalter 25 und Drehregler 26. Die Bedieneinheit 17 ist über eine Signalleitung 27 mit der Kontrolleinheit 10 gekoppelt.To influence the vehicle sound, an operating unit 17 is provided. This is arranged so that it can be operated by the driver while driving. It comprises switch 25 and rotary control 26. The control unit 17 is coupled to the control unit 10 via a signal line 27.
- 1 -1 -
- Ansaugschalldämpferintake silencer
- 2-2
- Luftansaugkanalair intake duct
- 3-3
- Lautsprecherspeaker
- 4 -4 -
- Öffnungopening
- 5-5
- Wandungwall
- 6-6
- Gehäusecasing
- 7 -7 -
- Membranmembrane
- 8-8th-
- Schwingspulevoice coil
- 9-9-
- Oberflächesurface
- 10-10-
- Kontrolleinheitcontrol unit
- 11-11-
- Schnittstelle zur MotorelektronikInterface to the engine electronics
- 12 -12 -
- DatentransferschnittstelleData transfer interface
- 13 -13 -
- Mikrofoneingangmicrophone input
- 14 -14 -
- Schnittstelle für TemperatursensorInterface for temperature sensor
- 15 -15 -
- Eingang für SpannungsversorgungInput for power supply
- 16 -16 -
- Schnittstelle für BedieneinheitInterface for operating unit
- 17 -17 -
- Bedieneinheitoperating unit
- 18 -18 -
- Digital/Analog-WandlerDigital / analog converter
- 19 -19 -
- Verstärkeramplifier
- 20 -20 -
- MotorsteuerungselektronikMotor control electronics
- 21 -21 -
- Temperatursensortemperature sensor
- 22-22-
- Mikrofonmicrophone
- 23 -23 -
- AusgangsschnittstelleOutput interface
- 24-24
- Öffnungopening
- 25-25
- Schalterswitch
- 26 -26 -
- Drehreglerknobs
- 27-27-
- Signalleitungsignal line
- 28-28-
- LuftfiltereinheitAir filter unit
- AS -AS -
- Ansaugluftstromintake air
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005019459A DE102005019459B3 (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2005-04-25 | Active sound insulator for air intake channel of internal combustion engine equipped with sensor has heat- and damp-proof membrane connected to intake air flow whose surface is moved by sensor-linked converter in bending vibrations |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1717433A2 true EP1717433A2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
| EP1717433A9 EP1717433A9 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
| EP1717433A3 EP1717433A3 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
Family
ID=36589199
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06003126A Withdrawn EP1717433A3 (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2006-02-16 | Active intake silencer |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060236973A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1717433A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102005019459B3 (en) |
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| DE102012006329A1 (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2012-10-04 | Alstrom Technology Ltd. | Gas turbine and intake manifold |
| US9025786B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2015-05-05 | Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Active noise control system for exhaust systems and method for controlling the same |
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| WO2007103215A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Pacbrake Company | High-performance muffler assembly with multiple modes of operation |
| JP2008002318A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-01-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Intake sound introducing device of vehicle |
| DE102010042679A1 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-04-26 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | silencer |
| DE102011009738A1 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | stabilizer coupling |
| DE102011000412A1 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-02 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Piston engine e.g. sport and/or racing engine, has intake system having intake manifolds and integrated electro-mechanical pressure wave generator |
| US10142718B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2018-11-27 | Invensense, Inc. | Integrated temperature sensor in microphone package |
| US9706322B2 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-07-11 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | System and method for leak detection in an engine sound transportation passageway |
| DE102015112087A1 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-26 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method and control device for influencing intake noise |
| CN108109810B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2024-04-16 | 无锡澳蓝特环保科技有限公司 | Composite air inlet box |
| CN108386250A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-10 | 成英 | Standing wave tube for vehicle silencing apparatus acquires noise elimination resonant operational method |
| DE102018113500A1 (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-12 | Technische Universität Kaiserslautern | Electrodynamic speaker |
| US11568845B1 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2023-01-31 | Board of Regents for the Oklahoma Agricultural & Mechanical Colleges | Method of designing an acoustic liner |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1717433A3 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| DE102005019459B3 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
| EP1717433A9 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
| US20060236973A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
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