EP2444605B1 - Sound absorber - Google Patents
Sound absorber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2444605B1 EP2444605B1 EP11184661.4A EP11184661A EP2444605B1 EP 2444605 B1 EP2444605 B1 EP 2444605B1 EP 11184661 A EP11184661 A EP 11184661A EP 2444605 B1 EP2444605 B1 EP 2444605B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- housing
- shell
- muffler according
- region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
- F01N1/065—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
- F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
- F01N1/22—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts the parts being resilient walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an associated use. Relevant is the silencing of internal combustion engines mainly in mobile applications, e.g. in vehicles, but also in stationary applications, such. in combined heat and power plants.
- Silencers distinguish between active silencers and passive silencers.
- Active mufflers have an electro-acoustic transducer, which is usually formed by a loudspeaker and is generated with the counter-sound, which leads to a more or less effective extinction of the sound to be damped with a corresponding phase shift.
- the acoustic emission can be designed specifically with electroacoustic transducers by emitting certain frequencies more intensively.
- a sound design can be realized with such an active silencer. It is conceivable, for example, to generate the sound emission of a 6-cylinder gasoline engine in a 4-cylinder diesel engine.
- Such an electroacoustic transducer usually comprises a vibratable membrane, which can be excited by means of an actuator to vibrate. Furthermore, usually still a cage is provided, which spans the membrane and to which the actuator is attached. With this cage, the transducer or the speaker can be attached to a housing of the muffler.
- Active mufflers that work with at least one such electro-acoustic transducer, for example, from EP 0 916 817 A2 . US 5,600,106 A . DE 10 2006 042 224 B3 . US 5,619,020 A . EP 1 627 996 A1 and EP 0 483 921 A1 known.
- the known active mufflers is in common that the converter is in each case mounted on a wall of a housing of the muffler, that its membrane is positioned in an opening of the wall. The actuator then excites the membrane to vibrate upon actuation, generating pressure pulsations in the housing.
- various and complex measures are proposed in the known active mufflers.
- a passive silencer works with absorption and / or or reflection and / or resonance.
- mixed forms can also be realized in which a loudspeaker for active silencing is installed in a passive silencer or in which an active silencer is additionally equipped with resonance and / or absorption and / or reflection spaces.
- the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing a muffler of the type mentioned an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by low production costs and / or by a compact design.
- the invention is based on the general idea to use a vibratory wall portion of a housing of a muffler as a membrane of an electro-acoustic transducer, which can be excited by means of an actuator to vibrate.
- By a corresponding control of the actuator pressure pulsations can be introduced into the exhaust gas flow over the wall portion of the housing, for example as counter-vibrations to extinguish the sound to be damped more or less and / or as vibrations to reinforce missing or weak sound.
- the muffler according to the invention is made without additional membrane, since with the aid of the actuator already on Housing existing wall section is used to generate the pressure pulsations. This reduces the manufacturing costs. It is clear that the coupled with the actuator wall portion can be specifically chosen or designed so that it is particularly suitable for generating pressure pulsations.
- the wall section can thus be designed to vibrate, z. B. by a relative to the wall of the other housing reduced wall thickness and / or changed material selection.
- the coupled to the actuator wall portion defines a cavity of the housing to the outside, which is present in addition to a tube assembly in the housing and is connected to this tube assembly at least for airborne sound transmission.
- the pipe arrangement arranged in the housing serves for the exhaust gas routing and comprises at least one pipe section running within the housing.
- the exhaust gas flow guided in the pipe arrangement transports airborne sound, which also penetrates into the cavity.
- a control device for active sound design ie for active sound attenuation and / or active sound generation or sound amplification, can now actuate the actuator so that with the help of the wall section pressure pulsations are introduced into the cavity, which are correspondingly out of phase with the sound to be damped and to Sound attenuation by mutual elimination lead or lead to the desired sound amplification.
- Mixed forms are also possible, so that first frequencies are attenuated and second frequencies are amplified to achieve the desired sound.
- the housing of the muffler may have a cylindrical shell and two end floors, wherein the actuator is suitably connected to one of the end floors for introducing vibrations.
- the housing may be designed in winding construction or in tube construction or shell construction.
- the end floors In a cylindrical shell, the end floors have a round cross section, so that they are particularly suitable for introducing vibrations.
- the end floor connected to the actuator may have a smaller wall thickness and / or be made of a different material than the shell and / or as the other end floor. As a result, the vibration ability of the end soil used as a membrane can be improved.
- the respective end floor with a peripheral bottom edge to equip is attached to the jacket in the region of its bottom edge, the end bottom within its bottom edge a membrane area and a skirt that encloses the membrane region and whose stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the membrane region, wherein the actuator is connected to the membrane region for introducing vibrations.
- Such an end floor can be particularly easily integrally made of one piece, for. Eg by deep drawing.
- the housing may be of shell construction and have at least two shells secured to each other, the actuator being connected to one of the shells for inducing vibrations.
- Such shells are particularly easy to make integral, in one piece, for example by deep drawing. It is particularly advantageous if the respective shell has a peripheral shell edge, wherein the shell is attached to the at least one other shell in the region of its shell edge, wherein the shell has within its shell edge a membrane area and a border which encloses the membrane area and their Stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the membrane area, wherein the actuator is connected to the introduction of vibrations to the membrane area.
- This measure also leads to an improvement in the membrane property of the wall section coupled to the actuator, which improves the introduction of the desired pressure pulsations into the cavity.
- the integral design of the respective shell is advantageous since, for example, sealing problems do not occur.
- an embodiment is advantageous in which the respective wall section has a membrane region, which is connected to the actuator for introducing vibrations, and a skirt, which encloses the membrane region and whose rigidity is greater than the rigidity of the membrane region.
- Different stiffnesses in the enclosure and in the membrane area can be realized, for example, in that the enclosure has stiffening beads, while the membrane area is free of stiffening beads.
- the respective wall section has a smaller wall thickness in the membrane area than in the area of the enclosure.
- at least one stiffening element is attached to the enclosure.
- the actuator is arranged on the outside of the housing.
- the actuator is never exposed to the hot exhaust gases, which significantly reduces the thermal load on the actuator. Accordingly, can be dispensed with expensive cooling measures.
- the active noise control device may also be referred to as ANC control, where ANC stands for Active Noise Control.
- this control device or the ANC control can control the respective actuator as a function of input signals which are generated by a sensor system for detecting the airborne sound transported in the exhaust gas or that of a control unit for signal transmission connected engine control to operate an internal combustion engine are generated.
- the control device can on the one hand with a sensor, for.
- a sensor for.
- a microphone work together to form a control loop or a regulation.
- control device can be supplied by a coupling with the engine control with signals that correlate with the noise of the internal combustion engine.
- the noise of the internal combustion engine Usually there is a close correlation between load and / or speed of the internal combustion engine and the resulting noise. This also makes it possible to construct a control circuit or a control in which the actuation of the actuator correlates only indirectly with the sound to be damped.
- control device is coupled both with such a sensor as well as with the motor control to operate the respective actuator in a kind of mixed operation with control circuit and control loop.
- a coarse tuning of the active sound influencing can be achieved in the context of a control, while a fine-tuning of the active sound influencing is realized via a control.
- the tube assembly may include at least one perforated tube piece disposed in the cavity to facilitate the transmission of airborne sound between the exhaust gas transported in the tube piece and the cavity.
- the tube arrangement may comprise at least one tube piece which has an inflow opening or an outflow opening in the cavity in order to achieve a sound-transmitting coupling between the tube arrangement and the cavity via the respective opening.
- the cavity may be formed by an expansion chamber or by a resonance chamber which is acoustically coupled to the tube assembly.
- the cavity in the housing forms a non-flow area.
- the respective expansion chamber or resonance chamber is then arranged in the so-called shunt.
- the cavity in the housing can flow through a region, for. Ex. In the form of a deflection, form.
- the cavity also includes a flow guiding function.
- the actuator may be supported on a cage, which in turn is supported on the housing.
- the cage is supported expediently outside of the wall serving as a membrane wall portion on the housing. If, for example, the wall section serving as a membrane is formed by an end bottom of the housing, the cage is expediently supported on the bottom edge or on the jacket. If the wall section has a membrane area with a border, the cage is expediently supported outside the border.
- the present invention thus generally also relates to a use of an already existing wall portion of a housing of a Silencer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, as a membrane for an electroacoustic transducer of a device for active sound influencing, ie for active sound generation or sound amplification or for active sound attenuation.
- the exhaust gas inlet defines an inlet direction for the exhaust gas flow
- the exhaust gas outlet defines an outlet direction for the exhaust gas flow
- the exhaust gas inlet and exhaust gas outlet are oriented relative to one another such that the inlet direction and the outlet direction enclose an angle greater than 0 °.
- the angle can be at least 90 °.
- the angle between the inlet direction and outlet direction is about 90 ° or about 180 °.
- Corresponding Fig. 1 includes an internal combustion engine 1, which is preferably arranged in a motor vehicle, an engine block 2, with a plurality of cylinders 3, in which pistons, not shown, are arranged adjustable. Accordingly, this is a piston engine.
- the internal combustion engine 1 has a fresh air system 4 which supplies fresh air 5 or a fresh air flow 5 to the cylinders 3.
- an exhaust system 6 is provided, which dissipates exhaust gas 7 or an exhaust gas flow 7 from the cylinders 3.
- a muffler 8 is arranged, which has an actuator 9. Further, the silencer 9 is associated with a control device 10 which is coupled via a control line 11 to the actuator 9.
- the control device 10 serves to actuate the actuator 9 Fig. 1 a sensor 12 is shown, which is connected via a signal line 13 to the control device 10.
- the sensor system 12 can detect the airborne sound transported in the exhaust gas 7 and thus generate correlated signals and supply it to the control device 10.
- the sensor 12 has at least one Sensor 43, which may be configured for example as a microphone.
- the sensor 43 is connected downstream of the muffler 8 to the exhaust system 6. It is clear that in principle other positions for the sensor 43 are conceivable, for example, directly on a housing 14 of the muffler 8.
- the sensor 12 may have a plurality of sensors 43.
- a motor control 15 which serves for operating the internal combustion engine 1 and is connected via corresponding lines 16 with corresponding components of the internal combustion engine 1.
- a signal line 17 is provided, which connects the motor control 15 with the control device 10.
- the control device 10 receives information or signals which correlate with the airborne sound transported in the exhaust gas 7. For example, based on the instantaneous load and / or speed of the internal combustion engine 1, the airborne sound transported in the exhaust gas 7 can be estimated with regard to the frequencies and / or amplitudes.
- the control device 10 can be designed such that it controls the actuator 9 in response to input signals, which the control device 10 receives from the sensor system 12 and / or from the motor control 15.
- the silencer 8 has at least one exhaust gas inlet 18 and at least one exhaust gas outlet 19 on its housing 14. Through the exhaust gas inlet 18, the exhaust gas 7 enters the housing 14 and through the exhaust gas outlet 19, the exhaust gas 7 passes out of the housing 14 again.
- a pipe assembly 20 is further arranged, which serves for the exhaust gas guide and which comprises at least one pipe section 21 which extends within the housing 14.
- at least one cavity 22 is formed in the housing 14. Said cavity 22 is in addition to the tube assembly 20 in Housing 14 is provided and communicates with the tube assembly 20 at least for airborne sound transmission in connection. Thus, there is an acoustic coupling with respect to airborne sound between cavity 22 and tube assembly 20.
- at least a portion of the tube assembly 20 extends within the cavity 22nd
- the muffler 8 also comprises at least one actuator 9, which can be operated, for example, electromagnetically or electrically.
- the actuator 9 is connected to a wall portion 23 of the housing 14, such that the actuator 9 can excite said wall portion 23 for generating vibrations or pressure pulsations in the cavity 22.
- said wall section 23 limits the aforementioned cavity 22 to the outside.
- pressure oscillations, ie pressure pulsations can be generated in the gas volume in the cavity 22. This can be carried out with the aid of the control device 10 in a targeted manner so that an active sound design takes place in which certain frequencies are damped and other specific frequencies are generated or amplified.
- control device 10 is preferably an ANC control, which will also be referred to below as 10. It is noteworthy that for the realization of the here presented active muffler 8 is not a complete electro-acoustic transducer, in particular speakers, must be installed in the housing 14, but the here presented active muffler 8 without additional membrane, as said wall portion 23 of the housing 14 as a membrane is used, which can be excited by means of the actuator 9 to vibrate.
- the housing 14 has a cylindrical shell 24 and two end floors 25 which close the cylindrical shell 24 at its longitudinal ends.
- a housing 14 may be formed in a winding construction, so that the shell 24 is formed by a sheet metal web which is wound in the circumferential direction at least 360 ° to form the shell 24.
- the housing 14 may be made in a pipe construction, so that the jacket 24 is formed by a tubular body. Both in the winding construction as well as in the tubular construction, the end floors 25 are grown on the jacket 24.
- the housing 14 may also be designed in shell construction. In this case, the housing 14 has at least two shells 26, of which in Fig. 6 an example is shown. In the shell construction usually no end floors 25 are used.
- the housing 14 is then assembled from the individual shells 26, for which purpose the individual shells 26 are fastened together.
- the wall portion 23 is formed on the jacket 24, so that the actuator 9 is mounted on the jacket 14.
- Fig. 4 an embodiment in which the wall portion 23, with which the actuator 9 is coupled, is formed on one of the end floors 25 or formed by one of the end floors 25.
- the actuator 9 is arranged on the outside of the housing 14, so that the actuator 9 is not exposed to the hot exhaust gases 7.
- Fig. 5 shows Fig. 5 an embodiment in which the actuator 9 is arranged inside the housing 14.
- the pipe section 21 has a perforation 27 which creates an acoustic coupling between the pipe arrangement 20 and the cavity 22.
- the cavity 22 serves as an expansion chamber.
- the cavity 22 forms in this case within the housing 14 a non-flow area.
- the cavity 22 is formed by a resonance chamber, which is acoustically coupled to the tube arrangement 20 via a connecting tube 28. Also in this case, the cavity 22 is not flowed through by the exhaust gas 7.
- the resonance chamber forms a resonance volume of a Helmholtz resonator whose neck is formed by the connection pipe 28.
- an absorption chamber 29 is provided, in which an absorption material, a so-called sound-absorbing substance, can be arranged.
- the pipe section 21 is also equipped with a perforation 27 in the region of the absorption chamber 29 for airborne sound coupling.
- the housing 14 also contains an absorption chamber 29, which may be filled with absorption material, a deflection chamber 30 and an expansion chamber forming the cavity 22.
- the individual chambers are separated from each other by partitions 31, which may be perforated.
- the cavity 22 is provided in a non-flow area of the housing 14. Missing the partition wall 31 between the cavity 22 and the deflection chamber 30, the unified volume forms the deflection chamber 30, in which case the deflection chamber 30 also forms the cavity 22. In this case, the cavity 22 is flowed through.
- the tube assembly 20 then has a tube piece 21, which in the cavity 22 an inflow 32nd has, and a pipe section 33 which has an outflow opening 34 in the cavity 22.
- an absorption chamber 29, which may be filled with an absorption material, a deflection chamber 30, the cavity 22 in the form of an expansion chamber and a further expansion chamber 35 or reflection chamber 35 are arranged purely by way of example.
- the pipe section 21 again has a perforation 27 for the acoustic coupling between pipe assembly 20 and cavity 22.
- At least the partition wall 31 between the absorption chamber 29 and deflection chamber 30 is perforated.
- the other partitions 31 may be gas-tight.
- the actuator 9 may be disposed on one of the shells 26 of the shell-type housing 14.
- the actuator 9 is connected to the introduction of vibrations with the wall portion 23 of the shell 26.
- the shell 26 has a peripheral shell rim 36, with which the shell 26 can be attached to another shell of the housing 14.
- the shell 26 has a membrane region 37 and a skirt 38.
- the enclosure 38 encloses the membrane area 37, that is, the enclosure 38 encloses the membrane area 37.
- the rigidity of the membrane region 37 is smaller than the rigidity of the skirt 38.
- the actuator 9 is now connected to the membrane region 37 for introducing vibrations.
- the shell 26 equipped with the actuator 9 may have a smaller wall thickness, at least in the membrane area 37, than the at least one further shell of the shell-type housing 14.
- the actuator 9 is connected to one of the end floors 25 for introducing vibrations.
- the end floor 25 has a peripheral bottom edge 39 with which the end floor 25 can be secured to the shell 24.
- the end bottom 25 has a membrane region 37 and a skirt 38, which surrounds the membrane region 37.
- the rigidity of the enclosure 38 is selected to be greater than the rigidity of the membrane portion 37.
- the equipped with the actuator 9 end floor 25 may have at least in the membrane portion 37 has a smaller wall thickness than the other end floor 25 and / or as the jacket 24th
- Fig. 8 now shows a further specific embodiment, in which the actuator 9 is supported on a cage 40.
- This cage 40 is in turn supported on the housing 14.
- the cage 40 may, for example, be supported on the jacket 24.
- the cage 40 defines with the respective wall portion 23 a receiving space 41, in which the actuator 9 is arranged and which is open to an environment 42 of the actuator 9 out.
- the respective wall section 23 has a membrane region 37, which is connected to the actuator 9 for introducing vibrations, and a skirt 38, which encloses the membrane region 37 and whose rigidity is greater than the rigidity of the membrane region 37.
- Different stiffnesses in the skirt 38 and in the membrane region 37 can be realized, for example, by the skirt 38 having stiffening beads, not shown, while the membrane portion 37 is free of such stiffening beads.
- the respective wall section 23 has a smaller wall thickness in the membrane area 37 than in the area of the enclosure 38. Additionally or alternatively, provision may be made for at least one stiffening element (not shown here) to be secured to the enclosure 38.
- the exhaust gas inlet 18 defines an inlet direction for the exhaust gas flow and the exhaust gas outlet 19 defines an outlet direction for the exhaust gas flow, wherein exhaust gas inlet 18 and exhaust gas outlet 19 in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 are oriented to each other so that the inlet direction and the exit direction include an angle greater than 0 °.
- the angle is at least 90 °.
- the angle between the inlet direction and the outlet direction is according to Fig. 4 about 90 ° and according to Fig. 5 about 180 °.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Schalldämpfer für eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine. Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine zugehörige Verwendung. Relevant ist die Schalldämpfung bei Brennkraftmaschinen vorwiegend in mobilen Anwendungen, z.B. in Fahrzeugen, aber auch in stationären Anwendungen, wie z.B. bei Blockheizkraftwerken.The present invention relates to a muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an associated use. Relevant is the silencing of internal combustion engines mainly in mobile applications, e.g. in vehicles, but also in stationary applications, such. in combined heat and power plants.
Bei Schalldämpfern wird zwischen aktiven Schalldämpfern und passiven Schalldämpfern unterschieden. Aktive Schalldämpfer besitzen einen elektroakustischen Wandler, der in der Regel durch einen Lautsprecher gebildet ist und mit dem Gegenschall erzeugt wird, der bei entsprechender Phasenverschiebung zu einer mehr oder weniger effektiven Auslöschung des zu bedämpfenden Schalls führt. Ebenso lässt sich mit elektroakustischen Wandlern die Schallemission gezielt gestalten, indem bestimmte Frequenzen verstärkt abgestrahlt werden. Insbesondere lässt sich mit einem solchen aktiven Schalldämpfer ein Sounddesign realisieren. Denkbar ist beispielsweise die Schallemission eines 6-Zylinder-Benzinmotors bei einem 4-Zylinder-Dieselmotor zu erzeugen.Silencers distinguish between active silencers and passive silencers. Active mufflers have an electro-acoustic transducer, which is usually formed by a loudspeaker and is generated with the counter-sound, which leads to a more or less effective extinction of the sound to be damped with a corresponding phase shift. Likewise, the acoustic emission can be designed specifically with electroacoustic transducers by emitting certain frequencies more intensively. In particular, a sound design can be realized with such an active silencer. It is conceivable, for example, to generate the sound emission of a 6-cylinder gasoline engine in a 4-cylinder diesel engine.
Ein derartiger elektroakustischer Wandler umfasst üblicherweise eine schwingungsfähige Membran, die mit Hilfe eines Aktuators zu Schwingungen angeregt werden kann. Ferner ist üblicherweise noch ein Käfig vorgesehen, der die Membran aufspannt und an dem der Aktuator befestigt ist. Mit diesem Käfig kann der Wandler bzw. der Lautsprecher an einem Gehäuse des Schalldämpfers befestigt werden.Such an electroacoustic transducer usually comprises a vibratable membrane, which can be excited by means of an actuator to vibrate. Furthermore, usually still a cage is provided, which spans the membrane and to which the actuator is attached. With this cage, the transducer or the speaker can be attached to a housing of the muffler.
Aktive Schalldämpfer, die mit mindestens einem solchen elektroakustischen Wandler arbeiten, sind beispielsweise aus der
Im Unterschied dazu arbeitet ein passiver Schalldämpfer mit Absorption und/oder oder Reflexion und/oder Resonanz. Ebenso sind grundsätzlich auch Mischformen realisierbar, bei denen in einen passiven Schalldämpfer ein Lautsprecher zur aktiven Schalldämpfung eingebaut ist oder bei denen ein aktiver Schalldämpfer zusätzlich mit Resonanz- und/oder Absorptions- und/oder Reflexionsräumen ausgestattet ist.In contrast, a passive silencer works with absorption and / or or reflection and / or resonance. Likewise, in principle, mixed forms can also be realized in which a loudspeaker for active silencing is installed in a passive silencer or in which an active silencer is additionally equipped with resonance and / or absorption and / or reflection spaces.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, für einen Schalldämpfer der eingangs genannten Art eine verbesserte Ausführungsform anzugeben, die sich insbesondere durch niedrige Herstellungskosten und/oder durch eine kompakte Bauweise auszeichnet.The present invention is concerned with the problem of providing a muffler of the type mentioned an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by low production costs and / or by a compact design.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Problem gelöst durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.According to the invention, this problem is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, einen schwingungsfähigen Wandabschnitt eines Gehäuses eines Schalldämpfers als Membran eines elektroakustischen Wandlers zu verwenden, die mit Hilfe eines Aktuators zu Schwingungen angeregt werden kann. Durch eine entsprechende Ansteuerung des Aktuators lassen sich über den Wandabschnitt des Gehäuses Druckpulsationen, in die Abgasströmung einleiten, z.B. als Gegenschwingungen, um den zu bedämpfenden Schall mehr oder weniger auszulöschen und/oder als Schwingungen, um fehlenden oder schwachen Schall zu verstärken. Abweichend zur herkömmlichen Vorgehensweise, bei der ein vollständiger elektroakustischer Wandler mit Käfig, Aktuator und eigener Membran in das Gehäuse des Schalldämpfers eingebaut wird, kommt der erfindungsgemäße Schalldämpfer ohne zusätzliche Membran aus, da mit Hilfe des Aktuators ein bereits am Gehäuse vorhandener Wandabschnitt zum Erzeugen der Druckpulsationen verwendet wird. Hierdurch reduzieren sich die Herstellungskosten. Dabei ist klar, dass der mit dem Aktuator gekoppelte Wandabschnitt gezielt so gewählt bzw. gestaltet werden kann, dass er sich in besonderer Weise zur Erzeugung von Druckpulsationen eignet. Der Wandabschnitt kann also schwingungsfähig konzipiert sein, z. B. durch eine gegenüber der Wand des übrigen Gehäuses reduzierte Wandstärke und/oder veränderte Materialauswahl.The invention is based on the general idea to use a vibratory wall portion of a housing of a muffler as a membrane of an electro-acoustic transducer, which can be excited by means of an actuator to vibrate. By a corresponding control of the actuator pressure pulsations can be introduced into the exhaust gas flow over the wall portion of the housing, for example as counter-vibrations to extinguish the sound to be damped more or less and / or as vibrations to reinforce missing or weak sound. Unlike the conventional approach, in which a complete electroacoustic transducer with cage, actuator and its own membrane is installed in the housing of the muffler, the muffler according to the invention is made without additional membrane, since with the aid of the actuator already on Housing existing wall section is used to generate the pressure pulsations. This reduces the manufacturing costs. It is clear that the coupled with the actuator wall portion can be specifically chosen or designed so that it is particularly suitable for generating pressure pulsations. The wall section can thus be designed to vibrate, z. B. by a relative to the wall of the other housing reduced wall thickness and / or changed material selection.
Der mit dem Aktuator gekoppelte Wandabschnitt begrenzt einen Hohlraum des Gehäuses nach außen, der zusätzlich zu einer Rohranordnung im Gehäuse vorhanden ist und mit dieser Rohranordnung zumindest zur Luftschallübertragung verbunden ist. Die im Gehäuse angeordnete Rohranordnung dient zur Abgasführung und umfasst zumindest ein innerhalb des Gehäuses verlaufendes Rohrstück. Die in der Rohranordnung geführte Abgasströmung transportiert Luftschall, der auch in den Hohlraum eindringt. Eine Steuereinrichtung zum aktiven Schalldesign, also zur aktiven Schalldämpfung und/oder zur aktiven Schallerzeugung bzw. Schallverstärkung, kann nun den Aktuator so betätigen, dass mit Hilfe des Wandabschnitts Druckpulsationen in den Hohlraum eingeleitet werden, die zu den zu bedämpfenden Geräuschen entsprechend phasenverschoben sind und zu einer Schalldämpfung durch gegenseitige Auslöschung führen, oder die zur gewünschten Schallverstärkung führen. Auch Mischformen sind möglich, so dass erste Frequenzen bedämpft und zweite Frequenzen verstärkt werden, um den gewünschten Sound zu erzielen.The coupled to the actuator wall portion defines a cavity of the housing to the outside, which is present in addition to a tube assembly in the housing and is connected to this tube assembly at least for airborne sound transmission. The pipe arrangement arranged in the housing serves for the exhaust gas routing and comprises at least one pipe section running within the housing. The exhaust gas flow guided in the pipe arrangement transports airborne sound, which also penetrates into the cavity. A control device for active sound design, ie for active sound attenuation and / or active sound generation or sound amplification, can now actuate the actuator so that with the help of the wall section pressure pulsations are introduced into the cavity, which are correspondingly out of phase with the sound to be damped and to Sound attenuation by mutual elimination lead or lead to the desired sound amplification. Mixed forms are also possible, so that first frequencies are attenuated and second frequencies are amplified to achieve the desired sound.
Das Gehäuse des Schalldämpfers kann einen zylindrischen Mantel und zwei Endböden aufweisen, wobei der Aktuator zweckmäßig mit einem der Endböden zur Einleitung von Schwingungen verbunden ist. Dabei kann das Gehäuse in Wickelbauweise oder in Rohrbauweise oder in Schalenbauweise ausgeführt sein. Bei einem zylindrischen Mantel besitzen die Endböden einen runden Querschnitt, so dass sie sich in besonderer Weise zur Einleitung von Schwingungen eignen. Der mit dem Aktuator verbundene Endboden kann eine kleinere Wandstärke aufweisen und/oder aus einem anderen Material bestehen als der Mantel und/oder als der andere Endboden. Hierdurch kann die Schwingungsfähigkeit des als Membran verwendeten Endbodens verbessert werden.The housing of the muffler may have a cylindrical shell and two end floors, wherein the actuator is suitably connected to one of the end floors for introducing vibrations. In this case, the housing may be designed in winding construction or in tube construction or shell construction. In a cylindrical shell, the end floors have a round cross section, so that they are particularly suitable for introducing vibrations. The end floor connected to the actuator may have a smaller wall thickness and / or be made of a different material than the shell and / or as the other end floor. As a result, the vibration ability of the end soil used as a membrane can be improved.
Um die Schwingungsfähigkeit des Endbodens bzw. dessen Membrancharakter zu verbessern, kann es gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein, den jeweiligen Endboden mit einem umlaufenden Bodenrand auszustatten, wobei der Endboden im Bereich seines Bodenrands am Mantel befestigt ist, wobei der Endboden innerhalb seines Bodenrands einen Membranbereich und eine Einfassung aufweist, die den Membranbereich einfasst und deren Steifigkeit größer ist als die Steifigkeit des Membranbereichs, wobei der Aktuator zur Einleitung von Schwingungen mit dem Membranbereich verbunden ist. Ein derartiger Endboden lässt sich besonders einfach integral aus einem Stück herstellen, z. Bsp. durch Tiefziehen.In order to improve the vibrational capability of the end soil or its membrane character, it can be provided according to an advantageous embodiment, the respective end floor with a peripheral bottom edge to equip, the end bottom is attached to the jacket in the region of its bottom edge, the end bottom within its bottom edge a membrane area and a skirt that encloses the membrane region and whose stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the membrane region, wherein the actuator is connected to the membrane region for introducing vibrations. Such an end floor can be particularly easily integrally made of one piece, for. Eg by deep drawing.
Bei einer alternativen Bauweise kann das Gehäuse in Schalenbauweise ausgeführt sein und wenigstens zwei Schalen aufweisen, die aneinander befestigt sind, wobei der Aktuator mit einer der Schalen zur Einleitung von Schwingungen verbunden ist. Derartige Schalen lassen sich besonders einfach integral, einstückig herstellen, bspw. durch Tiefziehen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn die jeweilige Schale einen umlaufenden Schalenrand aufweist, wobei die Schale im Bereich ihres Schalenrands an der wenigstens einen anderen Schale befestigt ist, wobei die Schale innerhalb ihres Schalenrands einen Membranbereich und eine Einfassung aufweist, die den Membranbereich einfasst und deren Steifigkeit größer ist als die Steifigkeit des Membranbereichs, wobei der Aktuator zur Einleitung von Schwingungen mit dem Membranbereich verbunden ist. Auch diese Maßnahme führt zu einer Verbesserung der Membraneigenschaft des mit dem Aktuator gekoppelten Wandabschnitts, was die Einleitung der gewünschten Druckpulsationen in den Hohlraum verbessert. Auch hierbei ist die integrale Bauweise der jeweiligen Schale von Vorteil, da bspw. Dichtungsprobleme nicht auftreten.In an alternative construction, the housing may be of shell construction and have at least two shells secured to each other, the actuator being connected to one of the shells for inducing vibrations. Such shells are particularly easy to make integral, in one piece, for example by deep drawing. It is particularly advantageous if the respective shell has a peripheral shell edge, wherein the shell is attached to the at least one other shell in the region of its shell edge, wherein the shell has within its shell edge a membrane area and a border which encloses the membrane area and their Stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the membrane area, wherein the actuator is connected to the introduction of vibrations to the membrane area. This measure also leads to an improvement in the membrane property of the wall section coupled to the actuator, which improves the introduction of the desired pressure pulsations into the cavity. Here too, the integral design of the respective shell is advantageous since, for example, sealing problems do not occur.
Allgemein ist somit eine Ausführungsform vorteilhaft, bei welcher der jeweilige Wandabschnitt einen Membranbereich, der mit dem Aktuator zur Einleitung von Schwingungen verbunden ist, und eine Einfassung aufweist, die den Membranbereich einfasst und deren Steifigkeit größer ist als die Steifigkeit des Membranbereichs. Unterschiedliche Steifigkeiten in der Einfassung und im Membranbereich lassen sich beispielsweise dadurch realisieren, dass die Einfassung Versteifungssicken aufweist, während der Membranbereich frei von Versteifungssicken ist. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass der jeweilige Wandabschnitt im Membranbereich eine kleinere Wandstärke aufweist als im Bereich der Einfassung. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, an der Einfassung wenigstens ein Versteifungselement befestigt ist.In general, therefore, an embodiment is advantageous in which the respective wall section has a membrane region, which is connected to the actuator for introducing vibrations, and a skirt, which encloses the membrane region and whose rigidity is greater than the rigidity of the membrane region. Different stiffnesses in the enclosure and in the membrane area can be realized, for example, in that the enclosure has stiffening beads, while the membrane area is free of stiffening beads. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the respective wall section has a smaller wall thickness in the membrane area than in the area of the enclosure. Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that at least one stiffening element is attached to the enclosure.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführungsform, bei welcher der Aktuator außen am Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise ist der Aktuator zu keinem Zeitpunkt den heißen Abgasen ausgesetzt, was die thermische Belastung des Aktuators erheblich reduziert. Dementsprechend kann auf aufwendige Kühlmaßnahmen verzichtet werden. Alternativ ist es jedoch grundsätzlich auch möglich, den Aktuator innen am Gehäuse anzuordnen. Dies kann im Hinblick auf einen Schutz vor Verunreinigungen von Vorteil sein.Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the actuator is arranged on the outside of the housing. In this way, the actuator is never exposed to the hot exhaust gases, which significantly reduces the thermal load on the actuator. Accordingly, can be dispensed with expensive cooling measures. Alternatively, it is also possible in principle to arrange the actuator inside the housing. This may be advantageous in terms of protection against contamination.
Die Steuereinrichtung zur aktiven Schallbeeinflussung kann auch als ANC-Steuerung bezeichnet werden, wobei ANC für Active Noise Control steht. Diese Steuereinrichtung bzw. die ANC-Steuerung kann entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform den jeweiligen Aktuator in Abhängigkeit von Eingangssignalen ansteuern, die von einer mit der Steuerung zur Signalübertragung verbundenen Sensorik zur Erfassung des im Abgas transportierten Luftschalls generiert werden oder die von einer mit der Steuerung zur Signalübertragung verbundenen Motorsteuerung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine generiert werden. Mit anderen Worten, die Steuereinrichtung kann einerseits mit einer Sensorik, z. Bsp. in Form eines Mikrofons, zusammenarbeiten, um einen Regelkreis bzw. eine Regelung auszubilden. Über eine derartige Regelung erfolgt eine direkte Korrelation zwischen dem zu beeinflussenden Schall und den mit Hilfe des Aktuators erzeugten Druckpulsationen. Andererseits kann die Steuereinrichtung durch eine Kopplung mit der Motorsteuerung mit Signalen versorgt werden, die mit der Geräuschentwicklung der Brennkraftmaschine korrelieren. Üblicherweise herrscht eine enge Korrelation zwischen Last und/oder Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und den dabei entstehenden Geräuschen. Hierdurch ist es ebenso möglich, einen Steuerkreis bzw. eine Steuerung aufzubauen, bei der die Betätigung des Aktuators nur noch indirekt mit dem zu bedämpfenden Schall korreliert.The active noise control device may also be referred to as ANC control, where ANC stands for Active Noise Control. According to an advantageous embodiment, this control device or the ANC control can control the respective actuator as a function of input signals which are generated by a sensor system for detecting the airborne sound transported in the exhaust gas or that of a control unit for signal transmission connected engine control to operate an internal combustion engine are generated. In other words, the control device can on the one hand with a sensor, for. For example, in the form of a microphone, work together to form a control loop or a regulation. By means of such a regulation, there is a direct correlation between the sound to be influenced and the pressure pulsations generated with the aid of the actuator. On the other hand, the control device can be supplied by a coupling with the engine control with signals that correlate with the noise of the internal combustion engine. Usually there is a close correlation between load and / or speed of the internal combustion engine and the resulting noise. This also makes it possible to construct a control circuit or a control in which the actuation of the actuator correlates only indirectly with the sound to be damped.
Ebenso ist es möglich, dass die Steuereinrichtung sowohl mit einer derartigen Sensorik als auch mit der Motorsteuerung gekoppelt ist, um den jeweiligen Aktuator in einer Art Mischbetrieb mit Steuerkreis und Regelkreis zu betätigen. Beispielsweise kann eine Grobabstimmung der aktiven Schallbeeinflussung im Rahmen einer Steuerung erreicht werden, während eine Feinabstimmung der aktiven Schallbeeinflussung über eine Regelung realisiert wird.It is also possible that the control device is coupled both with such a sensor as well as with the motor control to operate the respective actuator in a kind of mixed operation with control circuit and control loop. For example, a coarse tuning of the active sound influencing can be achieved in the context of a control, while a fine-tuning of the active sound influencing is realized via a control.
Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform kann die Rohranordnung zumindest ein perforiertes Rohrstück aufweisen, das im Hohlraum angeordnet ist, um die Übertragung von Luftschall zwischen dem im Rohrstück transportierten Abgas und dem Hohlraum zu ermöglichen. Alternativ kann die Rohranordnung zumindest ein Rohrstück aufweisen, das im Hohlraum eine Einströmöffnung oder eine Ausströmöffnung aufweist, um über die jeweilige Öffnung eine schallübertragende Kopplung zwischen der Rohranordnung und dem Hohlraum zu erreichen.In another embodiment, the tube assembly may include at least one perforated tube piece disposed in the cavity to facilitate the transmission of airborne sound between the exhaust gas transported in the tube piece and the cavity. Alternatively, the tube arrangement may comprise at least one tube piece which has an inflow opening or an outflow opening in the cavity in order to achieve a sound-transmitting coupling between the tube arrangement and the cavity via the respective opening.
Zweckmäßig kann der Hohlraum durch eine Expansionskammer oder durch eine Resonanzkammer gebildet sein, die akustisch mit der Rohranordnung gekoppelt ist. Insbesondere kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass der Hohlraum im Gehäuse einen nicht durchströmten Bereich bildet. Die jeweilige Expansionskammer bzw. Resonanzkammer ist dann im so genannten Nebenschluss angeordnet. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann der Hohlraum im Gehäuse einen durchströmten Bereich, z. Bsp. in Form einer Umlenkkammer, bilden. In diesem Fall beinhaltet der Hohlraum außerdem eine Strömungsführungsfunktion.Suitably, the cavity may be formed by an expansion chamber or by a resonance chamber which is acoustically coupled to the tube assembly. In particular, it can be provided that the cavity in the housing forms a non-flow area. The respective expansion chamber or resonance chamber is then arranged in the so-called shunt. Additionally or alternatively, the cavity in the housing can flow through a region, for. Ex. In the form of a deflection, form. In this case, the cavity also includes a flow guiding function.
Zweckmäßig kann der Aktuator an einem Käfig abgestützt sein, der seinerseits am Gehäuse abgestützt ist. Der Käfig stützt sich dabei zweckmäßig außerhalb des als Membran dienenden Wandabschnitts am Gehäuse ab. Ist der als Membran dienende Wandabschnitt bspw. durch einen Endboden des Gehäuses gebildet, stützt sich der Käfig zweckmäßig am Bodenrand bzw. am Mantel ab. Sofern der Wandabschnitt einen Membranbereich mit Einfassung aufweist, stützt sich der Käfig zweckmäßig außerhalb der Einfassung ab.Suitably, the actuator may be supported on a cage, which in turn is supported on the housing. The cage is supported expediently outside of the wall serving as a membrane wall portion on the housing. If, for example, the wall section serving as a membrane is formed by an end bottom of the housing, the cage is expediently supported on the bottom edge or on the jacket. If the wall section has a membrane area with a border, the cage is expediently supported outside the border.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich somit allgemein auch auf eine Verwendung eines ohnehin vorhandenen Wandabschnitts eines Gehäuses eines Schalldämpfers für eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, als Membran für einen elektroakustischen Wandler einer Einrichtung zur aktiven Schallbeeinflussung, also zur aktiven Schallerzeugung oder Schallverstärkung oder zur aktiven Schalldämpfung.The present invention thus generally also relates to a use of an already existing wall portion of a housing of a Silencer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, as a membrane for an electroacoustic transducer of a device for active sound influencing, ie for active sound generation or sound amplification or for active sound attenuation.
Bei einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausführungsform definiert der Abgaseintritt eine Eintrittsrichtung für die Abgasströmung und der Abgasaustritt definiert eine Austrittrichtung für die Abgasströmung, wobei Abgaseintritt und Abgasaustritt so zueinander orientiert sind, dass die Eintrittsrichtung und die Austrittsrichtung einen Winkel größer als 0° einschließen. Insbesondere kann der Winkel mindestens 90° betragen. Bevorzugt ist der Winkel zwischen Eintrittsrichtung und Austrittsrichtung etwa 90° oder etwa 180°.In another advantageous embodiment, the exhaust gas inlet defines an inlet direction for the exhaust gas flow, and the exhaust gas outlet defines an outlet direction for the exhaust gas flow, whereby the exhaust gas inlet and exhaust gas outlet are oriented relative to one another such that the inlet direction and the outlet direction enclose an angle greater than 0 °. In particular, the angle can be at least 90 °. Preferably, the angle between the inlet direction and outlet direction is about 90 ° or about 180 °.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.
Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,
- Fig. 1
- eine stark vereinfachte, schaltplanartige Prinzipdarstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Schalldämpfer,
- Fig. 2
bis 5 - jeweils einen stark vereinfachten Längsschnitt einer Abgasanlage im Bereich eines Schalldämpfers bei verschiedenen Ausführungsformen,
- Fig. 6
bis 8 - stark vereinfachte Schnittansichten des Schalldämpfers im Bereich eines Aktuators bei verschiedenen Ausführungsformen.
- Fig. 1
- a greatly simplified, schematics-like schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine with a silencer,
- Fig. 2 to 5
- each a greatly simplified longitudinal section of an exhaust system in the region of a muffler in various embodiments,
- Fig. 6 to 8
- highly simplified sectional views of the muffler in the region of an actuator in various embodiments.
Entsprechend
In der Abgasanlage 6 ist ein Schalldämpfer 8 angeordnet, der einen Aktuator 9 aufweist. Ferner ist dem Schalldämpfer 9 eine Steuereinrichtung 10 zugeordnet, die über eine Steuerleitung 11 mit dem Aktuator 9 gekoppelt ist. Die Steuereinrichtung 10 dient zur Betätigung des Aktuators 9. Ferner ist in
Im Beispiel der
Entsprechend den
Wie bereits mit Bezug auf
Bei den Ausführungsformen der
Bei den Ausführungsformen der
Bei der in
Bei der in
Bei der in
Bei der in
Gemäß
Bei der in
Allgemein ist somit eine Ausführungsform vorteilhaft, bei welcher der jeweilige Wandabschnitt 23 einen Membranbereich 37, der mit dem Aktuator 9 zur Einleitung von Schwingungen verbunden ist, und eine Einfassung 38 aufweist, die den Membranbereich 37 einfasst und deren Steifigkeit größer ist als die Steifigkeit des Membranbereichs 37. Unterschiedliche Steifigkeiten in der Einfassung 38 und im Membranbereich 37 lassen sich beispielsweise dadurch realisieren, dass die Einfassung 38 nicht gezeigte Versteifungssicken aufweist, während der Membranbereich 37 frei von derartigen Versteifungssicken ist.In general, therefore, an embodiment is advantageous in which the
Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass der jeweilige Wandabschnitt 23 im Membranbereich 37 eine kleinere Wandstärke aufweist als im Bereich der Einfassung 38. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, an der Einfassung 38 wenigstens ein hier nicht gezeigtes Versteifungselement befestigt ist.Additionally or alternatively, it may be provided that the
Der Abgaseintritt 18 definiert eine Eintrittsrichtung für die Abgasströmung und der Abgasaustritt 19 definiert eine Austrittrichtung für die Abgasströmung, wobei Abgaseintritt 18 und Abgasaustritt 19 in den Ausführungsformen der Flg. 4 und 5 so zueinander orientiert sind, dass die Eintrittsrichtung und die Austrittsrichtung einen Winkel größer als 0° einschließen. Insbesondere beträgt der Winkel mindestens 90°. Bevorzugt beträgt der Winkel zwischen Eintrittsrichtung und Austrittsrichtung gemäß
Claims (15)
- A muffler for an exhaust system (6) of a combustion engine (1), particularly of a motor vehicle,- with a housing (14) having at least one exhaust gas inlet (18) and at least one exhaust gas outlet (19),- with a pipe arrangement (20) arranged in the housing (14) for conducting exhaust gas, which at least comprises a pipe section (21) running within the housing (14),- with at least one hollow space (22) formed in the housing (14), which is present in addition to the pipe arrangement (20) and with which the latter is connected at least for the airborne sound transmission,- with at least one actuator (9) for generating pressure pulsations in the at least one hollow space (22),- with a control device (10) for the active sound influencing, which is connected to the at least one actuator (9) for the actuation of the latter,characterized in
that the actuator (9) is connected to a wall section (23) of the housing (14) delimiting the respective hollow space (22) to the outside such that the actuator (9) at its operation excites the wall section (23) for generating vibrations which generate said pressure puslations in the at least one hollow space (22). - The muffler according to Claim 1,
characterized in
that the housing (14) comprises a cylindrical jacket (24) and two end bottoms (25), wherein the actuator (9) is connected to one of the end bottoms (25) for introducing vibrations. - The muffler according to Claim 2,
characterized in
that the housing (14) is embodied in wrap-around design or in tubular design or in shell design. - The muffler according to Claim 2 or 3,
characterized in
that the respective end bottom (25) has a circumferential bottom margin (39), wherein the end bottom (25) in the region of its bottom margin (39) is fastened to the jacket (24), wherein the end bottom (25) within its bottom margin (39) comprises a diaphragm region (37) and a border (38) which encloses the diaphragm region (37) and whose stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the diaphragm region (37), wherein the actuator (9) is connected to the diaphragm region (37) for introducing vibrations. - The muffler according to Claim 1,
characterized in- that the housing (14) is embodied in shell design and comprises at least two shells (26), which are fastened to each other, wherein the actuator (9) is connected to one of the shells (26) for introducing vibrations,- that the respective shell (26) comprises a circumferential shell margin (36), wherein the shell (26) is fastened to the at least one other shell (26) in the region of its shell margin (36), wherein the shell (26) within its shell margin (36) comprises a diaphragm region (37) and a border (38) which encloses the diaphragm region (37) and whose stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the diaphragm region (37), wherein the actuator (9) is connected to the diaphragm region (37) for the introduction of vibrations. - The muffler according to any one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized in
that the respective wall section (23) comprises a diaphragm region (37) connected to the actuator (9) for the introduction of vibrations, and a border (38) which encloses the diaphragm region (37) and whose stiffness is greater than the stiffness of the diaphragm region (37). - The muffler according to any one of Claims 4 to 6,
characterized in
that the border (38) is provided with at least one stiffening corrugation, while the diaphragm region (38) is free of stiffening corrugations. - The muffler according to any one of Claims 4 to 7,
characterized in
that a wall thickness of the respective wall section (23) is smaller in the diaphragm region (37) than in the border (38). - The muffler according to any one of Claims 4 to 8,
characterized in
that at least one stiffening element is attached to the border (38). - The muffler according to any one of Claims 1 to 9,
characterized in- that the actuator (9) is arranged outside or on the inside on the housing (14), and/or- that the actuator (9) is supported on a cage (40) which in turn is supported on the housing (14). - The muffler according to any one of Claims 1 to 10,
characterized in
that the control device (10) activates the respective actuator (9) as a function of input signals which are generated by a sensor device (12) connected to the control device (10) for signal transmission for sensing the airborne sound transported in the exhaust gas or which are generated by an engine control (15) connected to the control device (10) for signal transmission for operating the combustion engine (2), wherein particularly can be provided that the active sound influencing comprises an active sound attenuation and/or an active sound generation and/or sound amplification. - The muffler according to any one of Claims 1 to 11,
characterized in- that the pipe arrangement (20) comprises at least one perforated pipe section (21), which is arranged in the hollow space (22), or- that the pipe arrangement (20) comprises at least one pipe section (21) which forms a connecting pipe (28) in the hollow space (22) or comprises an inflow opening (34) or an outflow opening (32). - The muffler according to any one of Claims 1 to 12,
characterized in- that the hollow space (22) is formed through an expansion chamber or through a resonance chamber which is acoustically coupled to the pipe arrangement (20), wherein particularly can be provided that the hollow space (22) in the housing (14) forms a region that is not subjected to a throughflow, and/or- that the hollow space (22) in the housing (14) forms a region subjected to a throughflow, e.g. in the form of a deflection chamber (30). - The muffler according to any one of Claims 1 to 13,
characterized in
that the actuator (9) is supported on a cage (40) which in turn is supported on the housing (14). - A use of a wall section (23) of a housing (14) of a muffler (8) of an exhaust system (6) of a combustion engine (1) that is present anyhow, more preferably of a motor vehicle as diaphragm for an electroacoustic converter of a device for active sound influencing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010042679A DE102010042679A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | silencer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2444605A1 EP2444605A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
EP2444605B1 true EP2444605B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Family
ID=44759597
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11184661.4A Active EP2444605B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-11 | Sound absorber |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8434590B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2444605B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010042679A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011005155A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-06 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Exhaust system component |
JP2015172370A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-10-01 | エーバーシュペッヒャー・エグゾースト・テクノロジー・ゲーエムベーハー・ウント・コンパニー・カーゲー | active design of exhaust sound |
DE102014222897A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating an active exhaust system |
DE102015211460A1 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | exhaust system |
CN106368863A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-02-01 | 曼胡默尔有限责任公司 | Silencer and air inlet system comprising silencer |
DE102015217461A1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Connecting pipe for connecting an active silencer to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine |
CN106677876A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-17 | 柳州金创科技有限责任公司 | Damping automobile exhaust utilization device |
CN108716427B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-01-05 | 新昌县精锐机械有限公司 | Comprehensive test cooling working method for vehicle silencing device |
CN108386250A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-10 | 成英 | Standing wave tube for vehicle silencing apparatus acquires noise elimination resonant operational method |
DE102018107531A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-02 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh | Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle |
DE102019111270A1 (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2020-11-05 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Exhaust silencer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
CN113593511B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2024-03-26 | 江苏科技大学 | Double-cavity coupling Helmholtz muffler and control method |
Family Cites Families (19)
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US5257316A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-10-26 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Acoustic conductance and silencer utilizing same |
US5446790A (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1995-08-29 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Intake sound control apparatus |
US5119902A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1992-06-09 | Ford Motor Company | Active muffler transducer arrangement |
US5619020A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1997-04-08 | Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. | Muffler |
US5550334A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1996-08-27 | Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. | Actively sound reduced muffler having a venturi effect configuration |
US5336856A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-08-09 | Arvin Industries, Inc. | Electronic muffler assembly with exhaust bypass |
JPH06323122A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1994-11-22 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Noise eliminator |
US5444197A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-08-22 | Flugger; Ray T. | Muffler with intermediate sound-attenuating partition and method |
JP2587683Y2 (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1998-12-24 | カルソニック株式会社 | Active silencer |
IT1267402B1 (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1997-02-05 | Electronic Sound Attenuation S | ACTIVE SILENCER FOR EXHAUST GAS. |
DE19751596A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-02 | Leistritz Abgastech | Active noise damper for automobile exhaust |
EP0916817B1 (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2006-02-08 | Faurecia Abgastechnik GmbH | Active silencer |
DE20014194U1 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2001-12-20 | ARVIN Exhaust GmbH, 57413 Finnentrop | Exhaust pipe |
DE102004040421A1 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-09 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Active exhaust silencer |
DE102005011747B3 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-06-29 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Active exhaust gas silencer for motor vehicle has membrane set in flexural oscillations by excitation by converter so that on surface facing exhaust gas flow structure-borne noise tuned to exhaust gas noise is created |
DE102005019459B3 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-07-13 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Active sound insulator for air intake channel of internal combustion engine equipped with sensor has heat- and damp-proof membrane connected to intake air flow whose surface is moved by sensor-linked converter in bending vibrations |
JP2008031936A (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | Speaker device and noise inhibition device |
DE102006042224B3 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-01-17 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Active sound absorber for exhaust-gas system of internal-combustion engine particularly in motor vehicle, has anti sound generator comprises membrane drive, with which anti sound generator is coupled with external wall of sound absorber |
DE102009032553A1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-20 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Exhaust system and associated connection arrangement for an actuator |
-
2010
- 2010-10-20 DE DE102010042679A patent/DE102010042679A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-10-11 EP EP11184661.4A patent/EP2444605B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-20 US US13/277,914 patent/US8434590B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120097478A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
EP2444605A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
DE102010042679A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US8434590B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
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