EP1708887A2

EP1708887A2 - Methods for the compensation of a transverse elongation and/or a longitudinal elongation of a printing material and printing press with several printing couples generating at least one printed image on a printing material

Info

Publication number: EP1708887A2
Application number: EP05707820A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Günther Oskar ECKERT
Original assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Current assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Priority date: 2004-01-28
Filing date: 2005-01-21
Publication date: 2006-10-11
Also published as: DE102004004264B4; WO2005072967A2; WO2005072967A3; DE102004004264C5; US7614343B2; DE102004004264A1; US20070157831A1

Abstract

Methods for the compensation of a transverse elongation and/or a longitudinal elongation of a printing material are disclosed, in which the printing material passes through serial printing couples of a printing press, whereby a component of the transverse elongation is compensated for after passage of the printing material thorugh a printing couple before entry thereof into a subsequent printing couple by means of a framing controller, or a component of the transverse elongation is compensated for by a displacement of at least one printing form, arranged on the subsequent printing couple, transverse to the production flow of the printing material, relative to a reference mark on the printing material and whereby a component of the transverse elongation and/or the longitudinal elongation of the printing material, known at the instant of a image generation on a printing form of a subsequent printing couple, is compensated for by means of a configuration and/or positioning of a printed image placement on the printing form.

Description

Method for compensating a transverse expansion and / or a longitudinal expansion of a printing material and printing machine with several printing units producing at least one print image on a printing material

The invention relates to methods for compensating for a transverse expansion and / or a longitudinal expansion of a printing material and to a printing press with a plurality of printing units producing at least one print image on a printing material according to the preamble of claim 1, 3 or 5.

From DE 195 16 368 A1 a method and a device for adapting the position of printing plates to a deformation of a paper web to be printed with printing rollers is known, the printing plate or the holder receiving it in a punching and / or bending machine in each case around those Dimensions in the lateral direction, in the circumferential direction and / or in their angular position can be adjusted or offset, which this printing plate requires on its printing roller due to the deformation of the paper ba n in order to match a pressure roller in the direction of advance of the paper web in spite of the deformation that has now taken place To effect paper web, and where bends and / or punchings are attached to this from its zero position adjusted printing plate, for which purpose a computer-controlled alignment device is used in the punching and / or bending machine, after the computer the corresponding data of the paper web, the printing press and the type of production e are entered. The deformation of the paper web, which is also known under the term “fan-ou,” takes place as a result of moisture, ink absorption and mechanical stress as it passes through several pairs of printing rollers arranged one behind the other.

Through DE 295 01 373 U1, DE 42 24 235 C2, DE 43 27 646 A1 or Image regulator systems are known from EP 0 938 414 B1 in order to counteract the “fan-out effect”, the image regulators, for example, acting mechanically or pneumatically.

The invention has for its object to provide methods for compensating for a transverse expansion and / or a longitudinal expansion of a printing material and a printing press with a plurality of printing units producing at least one print image on a printing material.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, 3 or 5.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in particular in that a transverse expansion of the printing material is compensated very comprehensively. On the one hand, this is done in that an image controller controlled by a control unit reduces the width of the printing material in a way that counteracts the transverse expansion. The control unit preferably takes into account further factors influencing the transverse expansion and controls the actuation of further devices, in particular in or on the cylinders, in order to counteract the effects of the “fan-out effect”. Furthermore, it is advantageous to have at least one on one at the time of the imaging downstream printing unit to be arranged to compensate for known portion of the ^{■■■ '} " ^■ transverse expansion and / or the longitudinal expansion of the printing material by designing and / or positioning a print image location on the printing form. As a result, systematic deviations, particularly between successive printing units, can already be largely compensated for. The proposed solution relieves the operating personnel of the printing press from time-consuming checks of the correct position of the printing form having the printing image location and from an orientation of the position of the printing form on the form cylinder. The greater the advantage, the more printing forms are involved in the printing process. In a z. B. four inks printing press, e.g. B. a newspaper printing press with z. B. twelve printing forms on each forme cylinder The controlled adaptation of the print image locations to the print image results in a considerable advantage, because otherwise, for the fan-out compensation, a total of forty-eight print forms have to be checked and aligned on the four forme cylinders. With simultaneous face and back printing, double the number of printing forms, namely ninety-six, must be aligned with one another in the example mentioned, which means that the processing of a print job involves a cost that is no longer economically manageable for checking the position of the printing forms and for aligning them.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a printing machine suitable for multi-color printing with four printing units each with two printing units.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of four form cylinders arranged one after the other with printing forms with print image locations; ^v

3 shows a printing unit with print images producing on a printing material;

Fig. 4 shows a holding device arranged in the channel of a forme cylinder.

Fig. 1 shows in a highly simplified form schßmatisch a printing machine 01, preferably a printing machine 01 printing several different printing inks, z. B. a newspaper printing press 01, with z. B. four vertically arranged printing units 02, a printing material 03, z. B. a material web 03, in particular a paper web 03, passes through the printing units 02 one after the other in the vertical direction. A production flow P of the printing substrate 03 running through the printing press 01 is assumed in this example essentially from bottom to top.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, a printing unit 04 with an ink-transferring cylinder 06 and a forme cylinder 07 (cylinder 07) rolling on the ink-transferring cylinder are arranged in each printing unit 02 for the perfecting and printing on both sides of the paper web 03 , On a presentation z. B. an inking unit, a dampening unit and other modules belonging to each printing unit 04 are omitted here, since these are not necessary to explain the invention. The ink transfer cylinders 06 are preferably designed as transfer cylinders 06 operating in the offset printing process, the transfer cylinders 06 preferably having an elastic surface, the elastic surface being e.g. B. is formed by at least one arranged on the outer surface of the transfer cylinder 06 blanket made of an elastomeric material.

In the exemplary illustration in FIG. 1, the transfer cylinders 06 arranged in each printing unit 02 on both sides of the paper web 03 are positioned against one another in a so-called rubber-rubber arrangement, so that the transfer cylinders 06 arranged in the same printing unit 02 mutually function as an impression cylinder. Alternatively, two adjacent printing units 02 can be combined to form a satellite printing unit, the printing units 04 of these printing units 02 being moved around a common one of the other cylinders 06; 07 separate impression cylinders are arranged, the paper web 03 being guided between the impression cylinder and at least one transfer cylinder 06 positioned on the impression cylinder.

Another alternative to the design of the printing press 01 can provide that the printing press 01 z. B. as a commercial printing press 01 with a preferably in Mainly horizontal guidance of the printing substrate 03 is formed, wherein in the printing press 01 along the production flow P of the printing substrate 03 passing through the printing press 01, preferably two successive printing units 04 are provided on both sides, ie below and above the printing substrate 03, the transfer cylinders 06 being two in a printing unit 02 arranged printing units 04 in turn z. B. in a rubber-rubber arrangement against each other, the printing material 03 is passed between the two opposing transfer cylinders 06, so that the printing material 03 passes through their mutual rolling area.

The forme cylinders 07 assigned to the transfer cylinders 06 each have at least one printing form 08 on their outer surface (FIG. 2). The forme cylinders 07 are preferably covered with a plurality of printing formes 08 in their axial direction X and / or in their circumferential direction Y. For example, in a newspaper printing press 01 the forme cylinders 07 are each provided with six printing formes 08 in their axial direction X and with two printing forms 08 in their circumferential direction Y, so that twelve printing forms 08 are then arranged on each form cylinder 07. FIG. 2 schematically shows a development of such forme cylinders 07, each with twelve printing forms 08, the directional arrows X; Y ^• '1+ indicate the axial direction X to the forme cylinder 07 and the circumferential direction Y of the forme cylinder 07.

To generate a print image 11 (FIG. 3) on the printing substrate 03, each printing form 08 has at least one print image point 09 (FIG. 2). Alternatively, it can be provided that the printing plates 08 have a plurality of printing image points 09 in the direction X of the forme cylinder 07 and / or in the circumferential direction Y of the forme cylinder 07. 3 shows, by way of example, the generation of six print images 11 in the direction X axial to the forme cylinder 07 on the printing substrate 03. There are the production flow P of the printing substrate 03 and a production direction R of the forme cylinder 07 and of this cooperating transfer cylinder 06 specified. Instead of on a forme cylinder 07 in the axial direction X z. B. six printing plates 08 and in the circumferential direction Y z. B. to provide two printing forms 08, the forme cylinder 07 each z. B. be occupied with only a single printing form 08, this printing form 08 in the forme cylinder 07 in the axial direction X z. B. six print image points 09 and / or in the circumferential direction Y of the forme cylinder 07 z. B. has two print image points 09. Each printing form 08 can also have only a single printing image point 09.

The printing units 04, which are arranged one after the other on the same side of the printing substrate 03 in its production flow P, print printing ink with different color tones. For example, four color dots 04 of the color tones black, cyan, magenta and yellow which are common in four-color printing are printed in four successive printing units, and 04 color dots of one of these color tones in each of these printing units. On the forme cylinder 07 of the printing units 04 arranged one behind the other there are print image points 09 which correlate with the same print image 11 and each form a color separation of the multicolored print image 11 to be produced, each color separation being assigned to one of the color tones to be printed. A multicolored print image 11 is generated in that several color separations, e.g. B. the color tones of black, cyan, magenta and yellow each corresponding - four color separations, are printed on the printing substrate 03 one above the other, the color dots of the individual color separations relating to the same printing image 11 are arranged on the printing substrate 03 next to one another or one above the other so that the multicolored printing image 11 results from a color mixture of the color dots resulting from the different color separations.

Each print image point 09 has a width B in the axial direction X of the forme cylinder 07 and a length L in the circumferential direction Y of the forme cylinder 07. Print image points 09 representing a color separation for generating a common print image 11 are arranged one behind the other in the production flow P of the printing substrate 03 Printing units 04 with their respective cylinders 06 transferring from the forme cylinder 07 printing ink to one another precisely. Compliance with this condition, which is necessary for a good printing result, is made more difficult by the fact that the printing substrate 03 has a longitudinal expansion and / or a transverse expansion transverse to the production flow P from a cylinder 06 transferring an ink to a cylinder 06 following in the production flow P and / or transversely to the production flow P. , The longitudinal expansion and / or the transverse expansion of the printing material 03 result, for. B. that the substrate 03 from the dampening unit of the printing press 01 absorbs moisture and / or moisture from the printing ink and / or moisture from the air surrounding the substrate 03, and / or from a mechanical expansion of the substrate 03 as it passes through several of each other subsequently arranged printing units 04. Such a longitudinal expansion and / or the transverse expansion of the printing substrate 03 is known under the term “fan-out”.

If the distances A1; A2; A3 (Fig. 1) between their successively arranged in the production flow P arranged printing ink transferring cylinders 06 and possibly between these cylinders 06 mechanical expansion of the printing material 03 and the z. B. expansion according to DIN 53130 of the printed substrate 03 to be printed is known, it is proposed to determine which changes in the length L and / or in the width B of the print image points 09 which produce a common print image 11 and are located in different printing units 04 are to be expected are. For each print image point 09, depending on its position on the forme cylinder 07 and on the intensity of the aforementioned influencing variables in comparison to another print image point 09 arranged on another forme cylinder 07 at the same position, a certain change in dimension is to be expected, the change in dimension expressing that the length L of two print image points 09 which follow one another in the production flow P of the printing material 03 by a factor FL and / or the width B of two printing image points 09 which follow one another in the production flow P of the printing material 03 distinguish a factor FB from each other. The factors FL; FB a relative dimensional change z. B. in percent based on an original length L or width B or an absolute dimensional change z. B. in the form of a change amount based on an original length L or width B.

Each printed image point 09 defines a surface limited by its length L and width B (FIG. 2), the surface of a printed image point 09 arranged on a forme cylinder 07 being curved and the curvature of which is adapted to the course of the lateral surface of the forme cylinder 07 in its circumferential direction Y. , The surface has a center of gravity S at the intersection of its diagonals (shown in broken lines in FIG. 2). As an alternative or in addition to the dimensional change of a print image point 09, a position (X1; Y1) of the center of gravity S of this print image point 09 can also be compared to a position (X2; Y2) of a print image point 09 correlating with the common print image 11 on one in the production flow P of the printing material 03 differentiate subsequent forme cylinders 07, these print image locations 09 preferably each being arranged on a printing form 08, the printing forms 08 being in the position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of their centers of gravity S distinguishing printed image areas 09 are arranged on their respective forme cylinder 07 at the same position. The printing forms 08 carrying the print image locations 09 thus remain stationary on their respective forme cylinders 07, whereas only the position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) at least one of the focal points S is shifted from two print image points 09 which follow one another in the production flow P of the printing substrate 03, so that only the positions (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) the focal points S of these print image points 09 z. B. by a distance W relative to each other (Fig. 2) without changing the position of a printing form 08 on its respective forme cylinder 07. The distance W lies within the same plane of the area spanned by the length L and width B of the printed image point 09 and can in this plane shift the center of gravity S compared to the position (X1; Y1) of the spot S of the reference printed image point 09 each have any direction.

Since the longitudinal expansion and / or the transverse expansion of the printing material 03 can have different effects depending on the position of a printing form 08 on the forme cylinder 07, the length L of two printed image points 09 arranged next to one another on the same forme cylinder 07 in its axial direction X can be influenced by a factor FL and / or differentiate the width B of two printed image points 09 arranged next to one another on the same forme cylinder 07 in its axial direction X by a factor FB. In this case, as in the case of the dimensional change described above, the factor FL relating to the length L of the printed image point 09 is dependent on a factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and the factor FB relating to the width B of the printed image point 09 is dependent on a factor DQ of the transverse expansion, the factor DL the longitudinal expansion and the factor DQ of the transverse expansion z. B. the distances A1; A2; A3 between the cylinders 06 of the printing press 01, which are arranged one after the other in the production flow P, and the mechanical expansion of the printing material 03, which may occur between these cylinders 06, and the moisture expansion of the printing material 03 to be printed. The length L of the printed image point 09 is preferably increased by the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and the width B of the printed image point 09 by the factor DQ of the transverse expansion. The factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and / or the factor DQ of the transverse expansion can be variable, the variability being able to relate to further parameters, in particular parameters relating to operating conditions of the printing press 01 and properties of the printing material 03, such as, for example, B. on the production speed of the printing press 01 or on the temperature of the air surrounding the printing material 03 and in particular the moisture content of this air.

Furthermore, the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and / or the factor DQ of the transverse expansion can take into account that z. B. the transverse expansion for with respect to the forme cylinder 07 near the face "outer" printed image areas 09 affects more than near the middle of the Forme cylinders 07 arranged "inner" print image points 09, provided, for example, that a center line M bisecting the cylinder length applies as a reference or reference mark M for the transverse expansion (FIG. 2). The factor FL distinguishing the length L can also be used in the production flow P of the Printing material 03 of successive print image points 09 and / or the factor FB differentiating the width B of two successive print image points 09 in the production flow P of the printing material 03 may depend on the arrangement of that printing unit 04 in the production flow P of the printing material 03 in which the forme cylinder 07 with the printing form 08 is arranged with the printed image point 09 with the length L and / or width B changed by the factor FL; FB, because it affects the value of the factors FL; FB whether the printed image points 09 are immediately following printing units 04 or further apart lying printing units 04 are compared with each other.

It can also be provided that the position (X1; Y1) of the center of gravity S of a print image point 09 differs from the position (X2; Y2) of the focus point S of another print image point 09 arranged on the same forme cylinder 07 in its axial direction X, whereby these comparative print image points 09 have the same length L and width B, the print image points 09 arranged next to one another on the same forme cylinder 07 being arranged in each case on a printing form 08, the print forms 08 arranged on the same forme cylinder 07 having the positions (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of their welding points S differentiating printing image points 09 are arranged in alignment in the axial direction X of the respective forme cylinder 07. Also in the case of shifting the position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the center of gravity S of different, but a common print image 11 producing print image points 09 can, regardless of the arrangement of these print image points 09 on the same or in the production flow P successively arranged forme cylinder 07, the distance W of the displacement by the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and be dependent on the factor DQ of the transverse expansion. To hold one or more printing forms 08 on the lateral surface 12 of a forme cylinder 07, as can be seen in FIG. B. is provided in the axial direction X under the lateral surface 12 channel 13 with a preferably slot-shaped opening 14, wherein at the ends 16; 17 of the printing form (s) 08 bent legs 18; 19 per se from edges 21; 22 on the lateral surface 12 of the opening 14 to the interior of the channel 13 extending walls 23; 24 are created, one of the legs 18 at the end 16 of the printing form (s) 08 which leads in the production direction R of the forme cylinder 07 and at which the tangent T lying on the opening 14 extends at a preferably acute opening angle α to the channel 13 Wall 23 is hooked and the other leg 19 at the end 17 of the printing form (s) 08 trailing in the production direction R of the forme cylinder 07, at which, with reference to the tangent T lying on the opening 14, at a preferably approximately rectangular opening angle β to the channel 13 extending wall 24 is held with an end 26 directed towards the opening 26 of at least one preferably strip-shaped holding means 27, an end 28 facing away from the opening 14 of the holding means 27 in or near the bottom of the channel 13 z. B. is pivotally mounted in a groove 29. An arranged in the channel 13, z. B. on an arranged in the channel 13 abutment 31 supporting actuating means 32, z. B. a pneumatically actuated Stellmitteϊ'32, in particular with a pressure medium, for. B. acted upon with compressed air reversibly elastically deformable Hohlköφβr 32, preferably a hose 32, pivots the at least one holding means 27 against the force of at least one likewise preferably arranged in the channel 13 spring element 33, the at least one spring element 33 z. B. executes a controlled stroke directed essentially in the circumferential direction Y of the forme cylinder 07 with the aid of an associated guide element 34. The guide element 34 can be arranged on a support element 37 which is supported on a wall 36 of the channel 13. The opening 14 has a slot width V, preferably less than 5 mm, on the lateral surface 12 of the forme cylinder 07, the slot width V being in particular between 1 mm and 3 mm. The holding device 27, the adjusting means 32 and the spring element 33 form, in the example shown, essential elements of a holding device for holding one or more printing forms 08 on the lateral surface 12 of a forme cylinder 07.

Likewise, e.g. B. at least one register pin (not shown) arranged in at least one forme cylinder 07 may be provided in the opening 14, the register pin aligning at least one printing forme 08 arranged on the forme cylinder 07 in the axial direction X to the forme cylinder 07. The holding device or the register pin are designed for their interaction with at least one printing form 08 and can z. B. in dependence on the factor DQ of transverse expansion, preferably in a ratio proportional to the behavior of the factor DQ of transverse expansion, in the axial direction X of the forme cylinder 07. To carry out the displacement of the printing form 08, which is directed in particular in the axial direction X of the forme cylinder 07, the forme cylinder 07, for. B. in its channel 13, preferably at least one controllable actuator (not shown), the actuator displacing the holding device or the register pin. The actuator can e.g. B. be designed as a piezo element or as a linear motor. It can be provided that in the forme cylinder 07 each printing form 08 is assigned at least one holding device or at least one register pin. It is advantageous if each printing form 08 is individually displaceable in the axial direction X relative to the forme cylinder 07.

As an alternative or in addition to the displaceability of one or more printing forks 08 on a forme cylinder 07, it can be provided that the entire forme cylinder 07 can be displaced in its axial direction X, as a result of which all printing forme 08 arranged on it are displaced equally. Both when moving one or more printing plates 08 on the forme cylinder 07 or when the entire forme cylinder 07 is axially displaced, the displacement takes place transversely to the production flow P of the printing substrate 03 and relative to the printing substrate 03, ie relative to a reference mark M of the printing substrate 03, the reference mark M z. B. the center line M of Printing material 03 can be (Fig. 2). The reference mark M can, however, also be located at a different location on the printing material 03, for. B. on one of its side edges. The displacement of the printing forms 08, which is directed transversely to the production flow P of the printing material 03, can also relate to a stationary frame of the printing machine 01 instead of to the printing material 03.

The forme cylinder 07 and / or the ink transfer cylinder 06 at least one of two successive printing units 04 are preferably of a controllable drive (not shown), for. B. driven by an electric motor, in particular by a frequency-controlled motor. Provision can also be made for the forme cylinder 07 and / or the cylinder 06 transferring the printing ink to be driven individually in each of the printing units 04 arranged one after the other. If controllable drives are used, a phase position of the forme cylinders 07 and / or the cylinders 06 of at least two printing units 04 that transfer the printing ink can preferably be controlled as a function of the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion. In particular, a circumferential register of the forme cylinders 07 can be influenced with the controllable phase position of the forme cylinders 07 and / or the cylinders 06 that transfer printing ink.

The actuator and / or the phase position of the forme cylinders 07 and / or the cylinders 06 that transfer the printing ink are preferably continuously controllable. The actuator and / or the phase position of the forme cylinder 07 and / or the cylinder 06 transferring printing ink can preferably be controlled in the running production flow P of the printing substrate 03. In particular, the actuator and / or the drives and / or the phase position of the forme cylinder 07 and / or the ink transferring cylinder 06 are e.g. B. controllable from a control station assigned to the printing press 01 or from another central control unit, d. H. they can be controlled remotely.

It is advantageous to use one with the control unit for at least one of the printing units 04 connected memory, the memory each having at least one value for the factor FL of the length L of two successive print image points 09 in the production flow P of the printing material 03 and / or at least one value for the factor FB of the width B of two in the production flow P of the printing material 03 each other subsequent print image points 09 contains. As an alternative or in addition, the memory can in each case contain at least one value for the factor FL of the length L of two print image points 09 arranged side by side on the same forme cylinder 07 and / or at least one value for the factor FB of the width B of two print image points 09 arranged next to one another on the same forme cylinder 07. In addition, the memory can each have at least one value for the different positions (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the welding point S of two print image points 09 which follow one another in the production flow P of the printing substrate 03 or at least one value for the different positions (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the welding point S of two printed image points 09 arranged side by side on the same forme cylinder 07.

Provision can be made for the control unit to adjust the welding point S of at least one print image point 09 following another print image point 09 in the production flow P of the printing material 03. B. in a running printing process of the longitudinal expansion and / or the transverse expansion of the printing material 03 shifted center of gravity SB of the print image 11 to be printed (FIG. 3). The control unit controls at least the actuator and / or the phase position of the forme cylinder 07 and / or the cylinder 06 that transfers the printing ink, preferably as a function of the value stored in the memory for the factor FL and / or the factor FB and / or the positions (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the center of gravity S. The focal point SB of the print image 11 to be printed is, for. B. detected by a detection device connected to the control unit, e.g. B. a optically capturing the print image 11 and digitally evaluating device, for. B. a semiconductor camera with a CCD sensor. For example, the control unit actuates devices connected to it in such a way that the welding point S of the print image points printing a common print image 11 09 is brought into line with the center of gravity SB of the printed image 11 to be printed.

Methods proposed here to compensate for the longitudinal expansion and / or the transverse expansion of the printing material 03 provide, and preferably take precedence over a displacement of at least one printing form 08 on one of the forme cylinders 07, the displacement taking place relative to a reference mark M on the printing material 03 that the length L of at least one print image point 09 of a printing form 08 compared to the length L of a print image point 09 correlating with the same print image 11 of another printing form 08 arranged on another forme cylinder 07 by the factor FL and / or the width B of at least one printing image point 09 of a printing form 08 is changed by a factor of FB compared to the width B of a print image point 09 correlating with the same print image 11 of another print form 08 arranged on another forme cylinder 07. Alternatively or additionally, the position (X1; Y1) of a center of gravity S of at least one print image point 09 of a printing form 08 becomes compared to the position (X2; Y2) of the focus point S of a print image point 09 correlating with the same print image 11, on a different forme cylinder 07 on the same Position of the forme cylinder 07 arranged other printing form 08 changed. The length L and / or the width B and / or the position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the welding point S of the printed image point 09 is preferably changed using the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and / or the factor DQ of the transverse expansion. The length L and / or the width B and / or the position (X1; Y1) are also changed; (X2; Y2) of the welding point S of the print image point 09 preferably as a function of the position of the printing form 08 on the forme cylinder 07, specifically that forme cylinder 07 on which the printing form 08 with the changed print image point 09 is arranged.

A value for the factor FL changing the length L is preferably dependent on the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and a value for the factor B changing the length B. The FB factor is preferably determined as a function of the DQ factor of the transverse expansion. The value for the factor FL changing the length L and / or the value for the factor FB changing the width B and / or the coordinates for a new position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the spot S of the print image point 09 of the printing form 08 on one of the forme cylinders 07 can also be determined as a function of the print image point 09 of another printing form 08 arranged on the same position of the forme cylinder 07 on another forme cylinder 07.

A change in the length L and / or the width B of a print image point 09 or a change in the position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of its center of gravity S to compensate for a part of the longitudinal expansion and / or the transverse expansion known at the time of imaging of the printing form 08 is preferably carried out in that on a forme cylinder 07 with a printing form 08 with a print image point 09 to be changed at the same position of the forme cylinder 07, a printing form 08 is arranged with the print image point 09 changed in its aforementioned parameters. Thus, at least part of the compensation of the "fan-out effect" takes place in connection with the imaging of the printing form 08, ie when the printing image point 09 is created. One in comparison to the printing image point 09 of another printing form 08 in its dimension and / or in the position ^" (* X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of their center of gravity S already changed print image point 09 is arranged at the position provided for one of the forme cylinders 07. The change takes place to the same extent as the change in dimension and / or position (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the Schwβφpunktes S of the print image point 09 z. B. depending on the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and / or on the factor DQ of the transverse expansion of the printing material 03 and / or on the position of the printed image point 09 on one of the forme cylinders 07 and, if appropriate, other previously known or ascertainable parameters. The change accordingly relates to a change in the dimension and / or the position of the print image location 09 on a printing form 08, as a result of which systematic deviations to be expected between at least two print image locations 09 are compensated for. This changes the position of the printing form 08 on the Forme cylinder 07 is often no longer required or only required for fine adjustment or for tracking during the ongoing printing process.

In order to take into account the required change in the dimension and / or the position of the print image location 09 on a printing form 08, parameters known or ascertainable in advance, such as, for B. the factor DL of the longitudinal expansion and / or the factor DQ of the transverse expansion of the printing material 03 fed to an imaging system, wherein the imaging system is preferably controlled by a computer and, based on a digital data record, the print image point 09 z. B. with a laser on the printing form 08. The imaging system accordingly creates the print image point 09 on a printing form 08 in accordance with the specifications provided and thus compensates for the expected effects of a "fan-out effect". The imaging system images the printing form 08, in particular depending on the color of the ink transferring cylinder 06 and / or of the arrangement of the printing group 04 with the forme cylinder 07 carrying the printing forme 08 in the production flow P of the printing material 03 and / or of the position of the printing forme 08 arranged on the forme cylinder 07. The imaging system therefore takes its position into account when creating a printing image location 09 a printing form 08, this position '** is usually determined by an occupancy plan created in a prepress stage .. Based on the position of the printing form 08 on one of the forme cylinders 07 required by the occupancy plan, the imaging system then fits at least some print image locations 09, preferably each printed image point 09 in a further printing unit 04 following a first printing unit 04, in its length L and / or width B and / or in the position of its center of gravity S depending on the influencing variables mentioned to be taken into account when producing the same printing image 11 in order to counteract the systematic deviations to be expected in the running printing process and to compensate them as far as possible by means of a suitable design and / or arrangement, ie positioning of the printed image point 09. In a further development of the proposed method, a desired value for the factor FL changing the length L and / or a desired value for the factor FB changing the width B and / or a desired value for the position of the center of gravity S of the print image point 09 of a printing form 08 to be changed determined by relevant parameters for the changes mentioned z. B. recorded during the ongoing printing process and adjusted in value. A printing form 08 with the changed print image point 09 can then be arranged on at least one of the forme cylinders 07 if an actual value for the factor FL changing the length L and / or an actual value for the factor FB changing the width B and / or an actual value for the position to be changed (X1; Y1); (X2; Y2) of the welding point S of the print image point 09 of a printing form 08 exceeds a permissible deviation from the determined target values. To do this, however, it is necessary to create a printing form 08 with a changed print image location 09 and to replace it on the relevant form cylinder 07, which can mean an interruption in the printing process.

The setpoints are e.g. B. determined for each hue that an ink-transferring cylinder 06 transmits. Or the target values are determined for each forme cylinder 07 of the printing units 04 which follow one another in the production flow P of the printing substrate 03 and / or for each position of a printing forme 08 arranged on one of the forme cylinders 07. The determined target values are preferably stored in a memory and, if necessary, made available to the imaging system.

Furthermore, at least part of the transverse expansion of the printing substrate 03 can be counteracted by using an image regulator 38 (FIG. 1), the printing substrate 03 preferably deforming in a wave-like manner and transversely to its production direction R by the image regulator 38 and before it enters a subsequent printing unit 04 so that its width B03 is reduced in a manner counteracting the transverse expansion (FIG. 3). The intensity of the reduction in width is preferably inversely related to the factor DQ of the transverse expansion and can preferably also during the ongoing printing process. The deformation of the substrate 03 can, for. B. mechanically by preferably on both sides of the printing material 03 on these rollers, these rollers preferably attack outside of the printed image 11 on the printing material 03 to avoid quality-reducing influences and are preferably driven independently in rotation. Another embodiment of the image controller 38 provides at least one air nozzle directed onto the surface of the printing material 03, which, for. B. allows compressed air to flow against the printing material 03 and thus deforms the printing material 03 without contact. In this pneumatic image regulator 38, a plurality of air nozzles spaced apart from one another, preferably at least three air nozzles, are preferably provided transversely to the production flow P of the printing substrate 03, the air flow of the air nozzle arranged between two air nozzles preferably being directed in the opposite direction to the air flow of its neighboring air nozzles, so that the air flow is opposed of the printing material 03 applied to the air nozzles is deformed in a wave shape. Both in the mechanical and in the pneumatic image regulator 38, the deformation of the printing material 03 can be controlled steplessly within certain limits, in particular, for example, by a control unit controlling the image regulator 38. B. remotely controllable from a control station belonging to the printing press 01. The control unit can change the focus point SB of the printed image 11 by actuating the image regulator 38.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 printing machine, newspaper printing machine, commercial printing machine

02 printing unit

03 substrate, material web, paper web

04 printing unit

05 -

06 Ink transfer cylinder, transfer cylinder

07 cylinders, form cylinders

08 printing form

09 printed image

10 -

11 printed image

12 outer surface

13 channel

14 opening

15 -

16 end

17 end

18 legs

19 legs

20 -

21 edge

22 edge

23 wall

24 wall

25 -

26 end

27 holding means 28 end

29 groove

30 -

31 abutments

32 actuators, hollow body, hose

33 spring element

34 guide element

35 -

36 wall

37 support element

38 Image slider

B width (09)

L length (09)

M center line, reference mark

P production flow

R production direction

S focus (09)

T tangent

V slot width w distance

X axial direction, direction arrow

Y circumferential direction, direction arrow

SB focus (11)

A1 distance

A2 distance

A3 distance B03 width (03)

X1; Y1 position

X2; Y2 position

α opening angle ß opening angle

Claims

Expectations

1. A method for compensating for a transverse expansion and / or a longitudinal expansion of a printing substrate (03), in which the printing substrate (03) passes through printing units (04) of a printing press (01) which are arranged one after the other, in which a part of the transverse expansion after the printing substrate ( 03) is compensated by a printing unit (04) before its entry into a downstream printing unit (04) with an image controller (38), characterized in that at least one printing form (08) to be arranged on the downstream printing unit (04) at the time of imaging known part of the transverse expansion and / or the longitudinal expansion of the printing material (03) is compensated for by a design and / or a positioning of a print image location (09) on the printing form (08).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a further part of the transverse expansion by a to a reference mark (M) of the printing material (03) relative, transverse to the production flow (P) of the printing material (03) directed shift at least one on the downstream printing unit (04) arranged printing form (08) is compensated.

3. Method for compensating for a transverse expansion and / or a longitudinal expansion of a printing material (03), in which the printing material (03) passes through printing units (04) of a printing press (01) which are arranged one after the other, in which a part of the transverse expansion is caused by a reference mark ( M) of the printing material (03) relative, transverse to the production flow (P) of the printing material (03) directed displacement of at least one printing form (08) arranged on the downstream printing unit (04) is compensated, characterized in that at least one at the time of imaging Known part of the transverse expansion and / or the longitudinal expansion of the printing material (03) by a design on the printing unit (04) to be arranged on the downstream printing unit (04) and / or a positioning of a print image location (09) on the printing form (08) is compensated.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a further part of the transverse expansion after passage of the printing material (03) through a printing unit (04) before its entry into a downstream printing unit (04) is compensated with an image controller (38).

5. Printing machine (01) with a plurality of printing units (04) producing at least one printing image (11) on a printing substrate (03), each printing unit (04) each consisting of a cylinder (06) transmitting a printing surface and a forme cylinder (07), the ink transferring cylinder (06) in a production flow (P) of the printing material (03) successive printing units (04) transfers color dots for a common print image (11) onto the printing material (03), the printing material (03) from a printing ink transferring cylinder (06) to a cylinder (06) transferring in the production flow (P) subsequent to the production flow (P) has a transverse expansion with a factor DQ, the forme cylinder (07) of at least two printing units (04) each having at least one printing form ( 08) with at least one print image point (09) correlating with the common print image (11), one of which is the printing material (03) transverse to its production flow (P) an image controller (38) deforming a subsequent printing unit (04) and a control unit controlling at least the image controller (38) are provided, the control unit controlling the image controller (38) in such a way that the image controller (38) compensates for part of the transverse expansion, characterized in that a design and / or positioning of the print image location (09) of at least one printing form (08) compensates for a part of the transverse expansion and / or the longitudinal expansion of the printing material (03) known at the time of imaging of the printing form (08).

6. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the image controller (38) deforms the printing material (03) in a wave shape.

7. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the image controller (38) deforms the printing material (03) during the ongoing printing process.

8. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the factor DQ of the transverse expansion is dependent on a mechanical expansion and / or a wet expansion of the printing material (03).

9. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the factor DQ of the transverse expansion is variable.

10. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the printing material (03) is designed as a material web (03).

11. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder (07) has six print image locations (09) in its axial direction (X).

12. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder (07) has two print image locations (09) in its circumferential direction (Y).

13. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that each printing form (08) has only a single print image point (09).

14. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder (07) has six printing forms (08) in its axial direction (X).

15. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder (07) has two printing forms (08) in its circumferential direction (Y).

16. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the ink-transferring cylinder (06) of different printing units (04) for a common print image (11) transfers differently arranged color dots.

17. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that color dots of different printing ink-transferring cylinders (06) differ in color.

18. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that in the production flow (P) of the printing substrate (03) at least four printing units (04) are provided, the ink-transferring cylinders (06) for the common print image (11) in each case one differing hue.

19. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the ink-transferring cylinder (06) is designed as a transfer cylinder (06) operating in the offset printing process.

20. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the printing units (04) print on the printing material (03) in perfecting.

21. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that in at least one printing unit (04) two ink-transferring cylinders (06) roll on one another, the printing material (03) being guided through the rolling area of these two ink-transferring cylinders (06) ,

22. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the printing machine (01) is designed as a newspaper printing machine (01).

23. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one holding device arranged in at least one forme cylinder (07) is provided, the holding device holding at least one printing forme (08) arranged on the forme cylinder (07).

24. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one register pin arranged in at least one forme cylinder (07) is provided, the register pin having at least one printing form (08) arranged on the forme cylinder (07) in to the forme cylinder (07). axial direction (X).

25. Printing machine (01) according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the holding device or the register pin moves at least one printing form (08) depending on the factor DQ of the transverse expansion in the axial direction (X) of the forme cylinder (07).

26. Printing machine (01) according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that at least one controllable actuator is arranged in the forme cylinder (07), the actuator, the holding device or the register pin depending on the factor DQ of the transverse expansion in the axial direction (X) of the Form cylinder (07) moves.

27. Printing machine (01) according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that in the forme cylinder (07) each printing forme (08) is assigned at least one holding device or at least one register pin.

28. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that each Printing form (08) can be moved individually in the axial direction (X) to the forme cylinder (07).

29. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder (07) is displaceable in its axial direction (X).

30. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder (07) and / or the ink-transferring cylinder (06) of at least one printing unit (04) of two successive printing units (04) are driven by a controllable drive.

31. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that a mutually assumed phase position of the forme cylinder (07) and / or the ink-transferring cylinder (06) of at least two printing units (04) as a function of a factor DL of a longitudinal expansion of the printing material ( 03) is controlled.

32. Printing machine (01) according to claim 27 or 31, characterized in that the actuator and / or the phase position of the forme cylinder (07) and / or the ink-transferring cylinder (06) are continuously controllable.

33. Printing machine (01) according to claim 27 or 31, characterized in that the actuator and / or the phase position of the forme cylinder (07) and / or the ink-transferring cylinder (06) can be controlled while the printing machine (01) is in production.

34. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, 27, 30 or 31, characterized in that the image controller (38) and / or the actuator and / or the drives and / or the phase position of the forme cylinder (07) and / or the printing ink transmitting cylinder (06) can be controlled by a control station assigned to the printing press (01).

35. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit has at least one position ((X1; Y1)) of a black spot (S) of at least one print image point (09) of a printing form (08) by actuating the actuator and / or the drive of the forme cylinder (07) and / or the printing ink transferring cylinder (6).

36. Printing machine (01) according to claim 35, characterized in that the control unit changes the position ((X1; Y1)) of the center of gravity (S) of at least one print image point (09) during the ongoing printing process.

37. Printing machine (01) according to claim 35, characterized in that the control unit determines the position ((X1; Y1)) of the center of gravity (S) of at least one print image location (09) as a function of the color of the ink-transferring cylinder (06) and / or changed by the arrangement of the printing unit (04) with the form cylinder (07) carrying the printing form (08) in the production flow (P) of the printing material (03) and / or by the position of the printing form (08) arranged on the form cylinder (07).

38. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that a detection device connected to the control unit is provided, wherein the detection device detects at least one spot (SB) of the print image (11) to be printed jointly by different print image locations (09).

39. Printing machine (01) according to claim 38, characterized in that the control unit changes the welding point (SB) of the printed image (11) by actuating the image controller (38).

40. Printing machine (01) according to claim 35 and 39, characterized in that the control unit drives the actuator and / or the drive () and / or the ink transferring cylinder (06) and / or the image controller (38) actuates that the position ((X1; Y1)) of the spot (S) of the print image points (09) printing a common print image (11) coincides with the center of gravity (SB) of the print image (1 1).

41. Printing machine (01) according to claim 5, characterized in that the image controller (38) transversely to the production flow (P) of the printing material (03) has at least three air nozzles with an air flow directed onto the printing material (03).

42. Printing machine (01) according to claim 41, characterized in that the air flow of the air nozzle arranged between two air nozzles is directed counter to the air flow of its adjacent air nozzles.