EP1702695B1 - Method for making a transition part in a hollow profile - Google Patents

Method for making a transition part in a hollow profile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1702695B1
EP1702695B1 EP06005275A EP06005275A EP1702695B1 EP 1702695 B1 EP1702695 B1 EP 1702695B1 EP 06005275 A EP06005275 A EP 06005275A EP 06005275 A EP06005275 A EP 06005275A EP 1702695 B1 EP1702695 B1 EP 1702695B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall thickness
section
transition
hollow form
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06005275A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1702695A3 (en
EP1702695A2 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Dr.-Ing. Rauschnabel
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Ifutec Ingenieurbuero fur Umformtechnik GmbH
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Ifutec Ingenieurbuero fur Umformtechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP1702695A3 publication Critical patent/EP1702695A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
    • B21D41/02—Enlarging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/02—Producing blanks in the shape of discs or cups as semifinished articles for making hollow articles, e.g. to be deep-drawn or extruded

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for forming a hollow molded part, wherein in a forming area by means of a plastic material forming a transition is formed such that on the hollow mold part, a first portion with a larger transverse extent, in particular a larger diameter, and a second portion with a smaller Transverse extension, in particular a smaller diameter, are formed.
  • the object is to avoid a resulting after a plastic deformation of a hollow molded part wall thickness reduction in the range of a generated transition or eliminate it with the simplest possible means preventive.
  • a wall thickening is produced on the hollow shaped part in a forming area by means of a plastic material deformation, in particular by a warm and / or warm forging method.
  • a transition from a first section with a larger transverse extent to a second section with a smaller transverse extent is formed in the forming area by means of a plastic material deformation, wherein the forming area lies at least partially between the first section and the second section and the transition in particular completely includes.
  • the transition is positioned within the forming area, which includes the wall thickening, so that more material is available to the plastic material forming to produce the transition. This can ultimately be achieved in the finished part of greater wall thicknesses in the transition area and / or steeper transitions and / or higher (permanent) strength.
  • the forming area overlaps in the axial direction with the first section and / or with the second section.
  • larger wall thicknesses are made available to the first and / or the second section, in each case near the transition, which are available for subsequent, optionally material-converting, processing steps.
  • there is a further increased strength in the vicinity of the transition which also allows abrupt and / or erratic or discontinuous cross-sectional changes while still providing sufficient stability.
  • the second section is arranged in the axial direction on the end side on the hollow mold part, and the forming area comprises the second section completely.
  • the forming area includes both the second section and the transition area;
  • the forming area also overlaps with the first section, so that a lengthwise exact configuration of the forming area is less meaningful.
  • a section with a smaller wall thickness and a section with a greater wall thickness are formed in the first method step on the hollow molded part within the forming area.
  • the forming area has a continuous changing wall thickness, which may be adapted to the subsequent transition to be formed.
  • a wall thickness in the forming area after the first method step is greater than an initial wall thickness of the hollow molded part, wherein the wall thickness of the transition after the second method step is at least partially dimensioned approximately equal to the one output wall thickness of the hollow molded part.
  • the initial wall thickness of the hollow molded part preferably represents the smallest wall thickness of the finished part, so that in terms of sufficient (continuous) strength, the wall thickness of the transition should be sized accordingly. This is achieved by thickening in the first method step with subsequent wall thickness reduction in the second method step.
  • the wall thickness of the transition after the second method step is dimensioned in sections approximately equal to an initial wall thickness of the hollow molded part and partially larger than the one output wall thickness of the hollow molded part.
  • the hollow molded part is selected as a rotationally symmetrical tube with an approximately constant output wall thickness, wherein in the first process step in the forming area an outwardly extending and / or inwardly extending, circumferential wall thickening is generated.
  • the hollow molded part as a rotationally symmetrical tube with a chosen in the first process step in the forming area, a circumferential wall thickening with a diameter which is greater than the initial diameter.
  • the initial diameter can subsequently be restored.
  • the diameter of the transition after the second method step is dimensioned in sections larger than the starting diameter of the hollow molding. In this way, an annular bead can additionally be produced on the outside of the tube, which is available for subsequent method steps.
  • an inner diameter of the transition after the second method step is dimensioned smaller in sections than an initial inner diameter of the hollow molded part.
  • the present invention relates to a method for forming a hollow molded part 1.
  • the hollow molded part 1 is designed as a circular cylindrical tubular element preferably made of an aluminum or steel alloy having an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1.
  • a wall thickening V is produced on the hollow shaped part 1 in a forming region U ( Fig. 1 ).
  • Three cooperative ones Matrices M1, M2 and M3 and two mandrels M4 and M5 are provided for the plastic deformation of the hollow molded part 1.
  • the hollow molded part is compressed in particular in the longitudinal direction, so that with the help of Querf thoroughlyvor saun the wall thickening V with a both outwardly and inwardly enlarged wall of the hollow molded part 1 results.
  • the matrices and mandrels are dimensioned and configured accordingly.
  • the matrix M2 provided for supporting the wall thickening V can be designed to be flexible and / or movable in the radial direction.
  • the matrix M2 can also be omitted.
  • a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1.
  • the larger diameter D1 of the first section corresponds approximately to the starting diameter of the hollow molded part 1.
  • the wall thickness of the first section also corresponds to the output wall thickness t1.
  • the plastic deformation (drawing) is carried out in a conventional manner with the help of so-called drawing dies. Alternatively or additionally, methods such as rotary kneading, impact rolls, rolling, tumbling, etc. can be used.
  • the transition W is exemplified as a tapered portion between the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b, wherein a cone angle between 30 ° and 85 ° and a wall thickness t2, which is greater than the output wall thickness t1 provided.
  • This is achieved in that the transition W is arranged substantially within the previously formed forming region U, wherein the forming region thus also at least partially comes to rest between the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b.
  • the forming area U in the axial direction overlaps both the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b, as shown in FIG Fig. 2 is shown. Accordingly arise in the overlapping areas compared to the Wall thicknesses t1 and t2 significantly increased wall thicknesses, which in particular give a relation to the output diameter D1 enlarged overlap diameter D3.
  • a second embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on 3 and 4 represented and in principle carried out according to the first embodiment.
  • a hollow molded part 1 which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, provided by transverse extrusion in a Umform Scheme U with an inwardly directed wall thickening V.
  • Correspondingly configured dies cause by upsetting a plastic deformation of the material of the starting molded part in such a way that a portion U1 with a smaller wall thickness and a portion U2 with a greater wall thickness are formed on the hollow shaped part 1 within the forming area U.
  • an inwardly directed circumferential bead having a continuously changing wall thickness is formed in the forming region U.
  • the cross-sectional profile has according to Fig. 3 a roughly triangular contour.
  • a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1.
  • the larger diameter D1 of the first section corresponds approximately to the initial diameter of the hollow molded part 1.
  • the wall thickness of the first section corresponds to the output wall thickness t1 as well as the wall thickness t3 of the transition W.
  • the transition W is exemplified as a tapered section between the first section 1a and the second section 1b executed.
  • the transition W is positioned approximately in such a way that the section U2 having the greatest wall thickness present after the first method step lies approximately in the middle in the transition W.
  • a particularly steep transition W realize with a wall thickness, which is preferably slightly greater than or equal to the wall thicknesses of the first and the second section.
  • a third embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrated and in principle perform according to the first embodiment.
  • a hollow molded part 1 which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, provided by transverse extrusion in a Umform Scheme U with an inwardly and outwardly directed wall thickening V.
  • the wall thickening V is in this case formed with an approximately constant wall thickness at one end of the hollow molded part 1.
  • a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second, end section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1.
  • the second section 1b and the transition W are completely positioned within the deformation area U.
  • the wall thickness t2 is at least partially reduced in the region of the transition W, but the wall thickness t2 is even greater than the output wall thickness t1 executed.
  • the wall thickness t reached in the deformation area U after the second process step remains u. U. sections obtained in the second section 1b or is even increased.
  • the wall thickness in the second section 1b can be further reduced by stretching over a mandrel.
  • another shoulder can be produced in the second section analogous to the transition W in the same direction (by further retraction) or in opposite directions (by widening) another shoulder.
  • a fourth embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrated and in principle perform according to the first embodiment.
  • a hollow mold part 1 which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, provided by transverse extrusion in a Umform Scheme U with a substantially outwardly directed wall thickening V.
  • the wall thickening V is in this case carried out with approximately constant wall thickness t or with continuously changing wall thickness. It is preferred to produce a diameter D3 that is significantly larger than the initial diameter D1.
  • a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second, end section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1.
  • the enlarged diameter D3 and a wall thickness t2 increased in relation to the outlet wall thickness t1 remain approximately.
  • a wall thickness t3 is achieved which measures approximately equal to the initial wall thickness t1 and merges into the second section 1b in a sliding manner.
  • a fifth embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrated and performed in principle according to the previous embodiments.
  • a hollow molded part 1 which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1
  • a correspondingly configured matrix M3 provided in cooperation with a mandrel M1, M2 causes said plastic deformation of the material of the starting molding in one step.
  • a first section U1 and a second section U2 are each formed with a larger wall thickness on the hollow molded part 1 within the forming area U, wherein the wall thickness increase in the sections U1, U2 is taken from a reduction in length of the same areas, but also the adjacent areas.
  • a plurality of conically extending transitions between the sections U1, U2 are formed in the forming area U.
  • the sections U1, U2 are formed in a plurality of separate cold, warm or semi-hot forming steps.
  • transitions W1, W2 are formed in the forming regions U1, U2 by means of one or more plastic material forming processes such that a first portion 1a with a larger diameter D2, a second portion 1b with a mean diameter D1 and a hollow portion 1 are formed on the hollow mold part 1 third section are formed with a smaller diameter D3.
  • the average diameter D1 of the second section 1b preferably corresponds approximately to the starting diameter of the hollow molded part 1.
  • the wall thickness of the second section 1b also corresponds to the starting wall thickness t1.
  • the wall thickness t2 of the second transition W2 is made larger than the output wall thickness t1.
  • the plastic deformation is carried out in a conventional manner, for example by means of known draw dies.
  • non-circular cross sections can also be provided in sections; in this case, corresponding maximum transverse extensions can be provided instead of the diameters D1, D2, D3.
  • the first transition W1 is exemplified as a tapered portion between the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b, wherein on the inside (and / or in a modified manner on the outside) on the hollow mold part, an annular thickening N can be provided.
  • the first transition W1 is positioned approximately in the same axial region in which the forming section U1 with the inwardly directed thickening V1 is provided in the first method step.
  • a particularly steep transition W1 can be realized with a wall thickness which is preferably greater by 30% to 100%, possibly even 200%, than the wall thickness t1 of the second section 1b.
  • the second transition W2 is in turn embodied, for example, as a conical section between the third section 1c and the second section 1b, wherein the second transition W2 is positioned approximately completely in the axial direction in the region of the second forming section U2 with its outwardly directed wall thickening V2 or the second Forming section U2 in the axial direction at least overlaps.
  • the quantity of material required for at least part of the wall thickness of the second transition W2 is provided by the thickening V2 formed in the first method step, so that a sufficient wall thickness t2 results in the range of the second transition W2, which ranges between 0% and 40%. can be greater than the output wall thickness t1 if at least 75% of the second transition W2 are arranged in the axial direction in the region of the second forming section U2.
  • highly stressed shafts such as gear and drive shafts can be produced inexpensively.
  • machine elements e.g., gears or the like

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Shaping of hollow profiled component (1) in a shaping region (U) by heat- and or warm shaping a wall thickening (V) is produced in successive steps and in the shaping region a transition region (W) is formed so that a first section (1a) is produced in the component with an increased diameter (sic) and a second section (1b) of smaller diameter (D2), and the shaping region (U) lies at least partially between these two sections and partially includes the transition (W).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Umformen eines Hohlformteils, bei dem in einem Umformbereich mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung ein Übergang derart geformt wird, dass an dem Hohlformteil ein erster Abschnitt mit einer größeren Quererstreckung, insbesondere einem größeren Durchmesser, sowie ein zweiter Abschnitt mit einer kleineren Quererstreckung, insbesondere einem kleineren Durchmesser, gebildet sind.The present invention relates to a method for forming a hollow molded part, wherein in a forming area by means of a plastic material forming a transition is formed such that on the hollow mold part, a first portion with a larger transverse extent, in particular a larger diameter, and a second portion with a smaller Transverse extension, in particular a smaller diameter, are formed.

Ein solches Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus dem Dokument GB 1 183 099 A bekannt.Such a method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document GB 1 183 099 A known.

Dabei besteht die Aufgabe, eine sich nach einer plastischen Umformung eines Hohlformteils ergebende Wandstärkenreduzierung im Bereich eines erzeugten Übergangs zu vermeiden bzw. mit möglichst einfachen Mitteln präventiv zu beseitigen.The object is to avoid a resulting after a plastic deformation of a hollow molded part wall thickness reduction in the range of a generated transition or eliminate it with the simplest possible means preventive.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mittels eines Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Dabei wird in einem ersten verfahrensschritt an dem Hohlformteil in einem Umformbereich mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung, insbesondere durch ein Warm- und/oder Halbwarmumformverfahren eine Wandverdickung erzeugt. In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt wird in dem Umformbereich mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung ein Übergang von einem ersten Abschnitt mit einer größeren Quererstreckung zu einem zweiten Abschnitt mit einer kleineren Quererstreckung geformt, wobei der Umformbereich wenigstens teilweise zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt liegt und den Übergang insbesondere vollständig umfasst. Mit anderen Worten gesagt, ist der Übergang innerhalb des umformbereiches positioniert, der die Wandverdickung beinhaltet, so dass der plastischen Materialumformung zur Erzeugung des Übergangs mehr Material zur Verfügung steht. Damit können schlussendlich beim Fertigteil größere Wandstärken im Übergangsbereich und/oder steilere Übergänge und/oder höhere (Dauer-)Festigkeiten erreicht werden.This object is achieved by means of a method with the features of claim 1. In this case, in a first method step, a wall thickening is produced on the hollow shaped part in a forming area by means of a plastic material deformation, in particular by a warm and / or warm forging method. In a subsequent method step, a transition from a first section with a larger transverse extent to a second section with a smaller transverse extent is formed in the forming area by means of a plastic material deformation, wherein the forming area lies at least partially between the first section and the second section and the transition in particular completely includes. In other words said, the transition is positioned within the forming area, which includes the wall thickening, so that more material is available to the plastic material forming to produce the transition. This can ultimately be achieved in the finished part of greater wall thicknesses in the transition area and / or steeper transitions and / or higher (permanent) strength.

In einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens überlappt sich der Umformbereich in axialer Richtung mit dem ersten Abschnitt und/oder mit dem zweiten Abschnitt. Dadurch sind dem ersten und/oder dem zweiten Abschnitt jeweils in der Nähe des Übergangs größere Wandstärken zur Verfügung gestellt, die für nachfolgende ggf. materialumformende Bearbeitungsschritte zur Verfügung stehen. Optional ergibt sich eine weiter erhöhte Festigkeit in der Nähe des Übergangs, die auch abrupte und/oder sprunghafte bzw. diskontinuierliche Querschnittsänderungen bei dennoch ausreichender Stabilität ermöglicht. Bei einer breiteren Überlappung von Umformbereich und erstem bzw. zweitem Abschnitt lassen sich beispielsweise durch spanende Materialumformung in dem Überlappungsbereich weitere Formelemente (Verzahnungen, Nute oder dergleichen) herstellen.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the forming area overlaps in the axial direction with the first section and / or with the second section. As a result, larger wall thicknesses are made available to the first and / or the second section, in each case near the transition, which are available for subsequent, optionally material-converting, processing steps. Optionally, there is a further increased strength in the vicinity of the transition, which also allows abrupt and / or erratic or discontinuous cross-sectional changes while still providing sufficient stability. With a wider overlap of the forming area and the first or second section, for example, by cutting material deformation in the overlapping area further form elements (teeth, grooves or the like) can be produced.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist der zweite Abschnitt in axialer Richtung endseitig an dem Hohlformteil angeordnet, und der Umformbereich umfasst den zweiten Abschnitt vollständig. Also umfasst der Umformbereich sowohl den zweiten Abschnitt als auch den Übergangsbereich; bevorzugt überlappt der Umformbereich auch mit dem ersten Abschnitt, so dass eine längenmäßig exakte Ausgestaltung des Umformbereichs weniger bedeutungsvoll ist.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the second section is arranged in the axial direction on the end side on the hollow mold part, and the forming area comprises the second section completely. Thus, the forming area includes both the second section and the transition area; Preferably, the forming area also overlaps with the first section, so that a lengthwise exact configuration of the forming area is less meaningful.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden in dem ersten Verfahrensschritt an dem Hohlformteil innerhalb des Umformbereichs ein Abschnitt mit einer kleineren Wandstärke und ein Abschnitt mit einer größeren Wandstärke geformt. Bevorzugt weist der Umformbereich eine sich kontinuierlich ändernde Wandstärke auf, die ggf. an den nachfolgend zu bildenden Übergang angepasst ist.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a section with a smaller wall thickness and a section with a greater wall thickness are formed in the first method step on the hollow molded part within the forming area. Preferably, the forming area has a continuous changing wall thickness, which may be adapted to the subsequent transition to be formed.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist eine Wandstärke im Umformbereich nach dem ersten Verfahrensschritt größer ausgebildet als eine Ausgangswandstärke des Hohlformteils, wobei die Wandstärke des Übergangs nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt wenigstens abschnittsweise in etwa gleich der einen Ausgangswandstärke des Hohlformteils bemessen ist. Die Ausgangswandstärke des Hohlformteils stellt bevorzugt die kleinste Wandstärke des Fertigteils dar, so dass im Hinblick auf eine ausreichende (Dauer-)Festigkeit die Wandstärke des Übergangs entsprechend bemessen sein soll. Dies wird durch eine Verdickung im ersten Verfahrensschritt mit nachfolgender Wandstärkenreduzierung im zweiten Verfahrensschritt erreicht.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a wall thickness in the forming area after the first method step is greater than an initial wall thickness of the hollow molded part, wherein the wall thickness of the transition after the second method step is at least partially dimensioned approximately equal to the one output wall thickness of the hollow molded part. The initial wall thickness of the hollow molded part preferably represents the smallest wall thickness of the finished part, so that in terms of sufficient (continuous) strength, the wall thickness of the transition should be sized accordingly. This is achieved by thickening in the first method step with subsequent wall thickness reduction in the second method step.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die Wandstärke des Übergangs nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt abschnittsweise in etwa gleich der einen Ausgangswandstärke des Hohlformteils und abschnittsweise größer als die eine Ausgangswandstärke des Hohlformteils bemessen. Durch eine abschnittsweise vergrößerte Wandstärke im Bereich des Übergangs lassen sich gezielt Anformungen und/oder Versteifungen und/oder Verstärkungen vorsehen.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the wall thickness of the transition after the second method step is dimensioned in sections approximately equal to an initial wall thickness of the hollow molded part and partially larger than the one output wall thickness of the hollow molded part. By a sectionally increased wall thickness in the region of the transition can be intentionally formations and / or stiffeners and / or reinforcements provide.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist das Hohlformteil als rotationssymmetrisches Rohr mit einer näherungsweise konstanten Ausgangswandstärke gewählt, wobei in dem ersten Verfahrensschritt im Umformbereich eine sich nach außen und/oder nach innen erstreckende, umlaufende Wandverdickung erzeugt wird. Auf diese Weise lassen sich dynamisch hoch belastbare Wellen mit einem Übergang auf besonders einfache und kostengünstige Weise herstellen.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hollow molded part is selected as a rotationally symmetrical tube with an approximately constant output wall thickness, wherein in the first process step in the forming area an outwardly extending and / or inwardly extending, circumferential wall thickening is generated. In this way, dynamically high load waves can be produced with a transition in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist das Hohlformteil als rotationssymmetrisches Rohr mit einem näherungsweise konstanten Ausgangsdurchmesser gewählt, wobei in dem ersten Verfahrensschritt im Umformbereich eine umlaufende Wandverdickung mit einem Durchmesser erzeugt wird, der größer ist als der Ausgangsdurchmesser. Im zweiten Verfahrensschritt lässt sich nachfolgend der Ausgangsdurchmesser wieder herstellen.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hollow molded part as a rotationally symmetrical tube with a chosen in the first process step in the forming area, a circumferential wall thickening with a diameter which is greater than the initial diameter. In the second process step, the initial diameter can subsequently be restored.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist der Durchmesser des Übergangs nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt abschnittsweise größer als der Ausgangsdurchmesser des Hohlformteils bemessen. Auf diese Weise lässt sich zusätzlich ein ringförmiger Wulst an der Außenseite des Rohres herstellen, der für nachfolgende Verfahrensschritte zur Verfügung steht.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the diameter of the transition after the second method step is dimensioned in sections larger than the starting diameter of the hollow molding. In this way, an annular bead can additionally be produced on the outside of the tube, which is available for subsequent method steps.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist ein Innendurchmesser des Übergangs nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt abschnittsweise kleiner als ein anfänglicher Innendurchmesser des Hohlformteils bemessen. Mittels eines Dorns lässt sich im Rahmen einer nachfolgenden plastischen Umformung der anfängliche Innendurchmesser wieder herstellen.In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, an inner diameter of the transition after the second method step is dimensioned smaller in sections than an initial inner diameter of the hollow molded part. By means of a mandrel, the initial inner diameter can be restored within the scope of a subsequent plastic deformation.

Weitere Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der konkrete Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen dargestellt sind. Gleiche oder gleichwirkende Elemente sind hierbei mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Further features and combinations of features will become apparent from the claims and from the following description in which specific embodiments of the invention are illustrated with reference to the drawings. The same or equivalent elements are provided here with the same reference numerals.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Umformen eines Hohlformteils 1. Das Hohlformteil 1 ist als kreiszylindrisches Rohrelement bevorzugt aus einer Aluminium oder Stahllegierung mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke t1 ausgeführt.The present invention relates to a method for forming a hollow molded part 1. The hollow molded part 1 is designed as a circular cylindrical tubular element preferably made of an aluminum or steel alloy having an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1.

Mit Hilfe eines an sich bekannten Kalt-, Halbwarm- oder Warmfließpressverfahrens wird in einem ersten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritt an dem Hohlformteil 1 in einem Umformbereich U eine Wandverdickung V erzeugt (Fig. 1). Drei zusammenwirkende Matrizen M1, M2 und M3 sowie zwei Dorne M4 und M5 sind zur plastischen Umformung des Hohlformteils 1 vorgesehen. Dabei wird das Hohlformteil insbesondere in Längsrichtung gestaucht, so dass sich mit Hilfe von Querfließvorgängen die Wandverdickung V mit einer sowohl nach außen als auch nach innen vergrößerten Wandung des Hohlformteils 1 ergibt. Die Matrizen und Dorne sind entsprechend dimensioniert und konfiguriert. Insbesondere kann die zur Abstützung der Wandverdickung V vorgesehene Matrize M2 nachgiebig und/oder in radialer Richtung beweglich gestaltet sein. Optional kann die Matrize M2 auch entfallen.With the aid of a known cold, warm or hot extrusion method, in a first method step according to the invention, a wall thickening V is produced on the hollow shaped part 1 in a forming region U ( Fig. 1 ). Three cooperative ones Matrices M1, M2 and M3 and two mandrels M4 and M5 are provided for the plastic deformation of the hollow molded part 1. In this case, the hollow molded part is compressed in particular in the longitudinal direction, so that with the help of Querfließvorgängen the wall thickening V with a both outwardly and inwardly enlarged wall of the hollow molded part 1 results. The matrices and mandrels are dimensioned and configured accordingly. In particular, the matrix M2 provided for supporting the wall thickening V can be designed to be flexible and / or movable in the radial direction. Optionally, the matrix M2 can also be omitted.

In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt wird in dem Umformbereich U mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung ein Übergang W derart geformt, dass an dem Hohlformteil 1 ein erster Abschnitt 1a mit einem größeren Durchmesser D1 sowie ein zweiter Abschnitt 1b mit einem kleineren Durchmesser D2 gebildet sind. Dabei entspricht der größere Durchmesser D1 des ersten Abschnitts in etwa dem Ausgangsdurchmesser des Hohlformteils 1. Auch entspricht die Wandstärke des ersten Abschnitts der Ausgangswandstärke t1. Die plastische Umformung (Einziehen) wird in an sich bekannter Weise mit Hilfe so genannter Ziehmatrizen durchgeführt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können Verfahren wie Rundkneten, Schlagwalzen, Rollieren, Taumeln usw. zur Anwendung gelangen.In a subsequent method step, a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1. In this case, the larger diameter D1 of the first section corresponds approximately to the starting diameter of the hollow molded part 1. The wall thickness of the first section also corresponds to the output wall thickness t1. The plastic deformation (drawing) is carried out in a conventional manner with the help of so-called drawing dies. Alternatively or additionally, methods such as rotary kneading, impact rolls, rolling, tumbling, etc. can be used.

Der Übergang W ist beispielhaft als kegeliger Abschnitt zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt 1a und dem zweiten Abschnitt 1b ausgeführt, wobei ein Kegelwinkel zwischen 30° und 85° sowie eine Wandstärke t2, die größer ist als die Ausgangswandstärke t1, vorgesehen. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Übergang W im Wesentlichen innerhalb des zuvor gebildeten Umformbereichs U angeordnet wird, wobei der Umformbereich also ebenfalls wenigstens teilweise zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt 1a und dem zweiten Abschnitt 1b zu liegen kommt. Bevorzugterweise überlappt der Umformbereich U in axialer Richtung sowohl den ersten Abschnitt 1a als auch den zweiten Abschnitt 1b, wie dies in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Entsprechend ergeben sich in den Überlappungsbereichen gegenüber den Wandstärken t1 und t2 deutlich vergrößerte Wandstärken, die insbesondere einen gegenüber dem Ausgangsdurchmesser D1 vergrößerten Überlappungsdurchmesser D3 ergeben.The transition W is exemplified as a tapered portion between the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b, wherein a cone angle between 30 ° and 85 ° and a wall thickness t2, which is greater than the output wall thickness t1 provided. This is achieved in that the transition W is arranged substantially within the previously formed forming region U, wherein the forming region thus also at least partially comes to rest between the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b. Preferably, the forming area U in the axial direction overlaps both the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b, as shown in FIG Fig. 2 is shown. Accordingly arise in the overlapping areas compared to the Wall thicknesses t1 and t2 significantly increased wall thicknesses, which in particular give a relation to the output diameter D1 enlarged overlap diameter D3.

Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist anhand der Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellt und prinzipiell entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel durchgeführt. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird ein Hohlformteil 1, welches als Rohrelement mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke t1 ausgeführt ist, durch Querfließpressen in einem Umformbereich U mit einer nach innen gerichteten Wandverdickung V versehen. Entsprechend konfigurierte Matrizen bewirken durch Stauchen eine plastische Umformung des Materials des Ausgangsformteils in der Weise, dass an dem Hohlformteil 1 innerhalb des Umformbereichs U ein Abschnitt U1 mit einer kleineren Wandstärke und ein Abschnitt U2 mit einer größeren Wandstärke geformt werden. Besonders bevorzugt wird in dem Umformbereich U ein nach innen gerichteter, umlaufender Wulst mit einer sich kontinuierlich ändernden Wandstärke gebildet. Das Querschnittsprofil weist gemäß Fig. 3 eine in etwa dreieckige Kontur auf.A second embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on 3 and 4 represented and in principle carried out according to the first embodiment. In a first method step, a hollow molded part 1, which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, provided by transverse extrusion in a Umformbereich U with an inwardly directed wall thickening V. Correspondingly configured dies cause by upsetting a plastic deformation of the material of the starting molded part in such a way that a portion U1 with a smaller wall thickness and a portion U2 with a greater wall thickness are formed on the hollow shaped part 1 within the forming area U. Particularly preferably, an inwardly directed circumferential bead having a continuously changing wall thickness is formed in the forming region U. The cross-sectional profile has according to Fig. 3 a roughly triangular contour.

In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt wird in dem Umformbereich U mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung ein Übergang W derart geformt, dass an dem Hohlformteil 1 ein erster Abschnitt 1a mit einem größeren Durchmesser D1 sowie ein zweiter Abschnitt 1b mit einem kleineren Durchmesser D2 gebildet sind. Dabei entspricht der größere Durchmesser D1 des ersten Abschnitts in etwa dem Ausgangsdurchmesser des Hohlformteils 1. Auch entspricht die Wandstärke des ersten Abschnitts der Ausgangswandstärke t1 ebenso wie die Wandstärke t3 des Übergangs W. Der Übergang W ist beispielhaft als kegeliger Abschnitt zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt 1a und dem zweiten Abschnitt 1b ausgeführt. Dabei ist der Übergang W in etwa so positioniert, dass der nach dem ersten Verfahrensschritt vorliegende Abschnitt U2 mit der größten Wandstärke in etwa mittig im Übergang W liegt. Auf die beschriebene Weise lässt sich ein besonders steiler Übergang W mit einer Wandstärke realisieren, die bevorzugt wenig größer oder gleich der Wandstärken des ersten und des zweiten Abschnitts ist.In a subsequent method step, a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1. In this case, the larger diameter D1 of the first section corresponds approximately to the initial diameter of the hollow molded part 1. Also, the wall thickness of the first section corresponds to the output wall thickness t1 as well as the wall thickness t3 of the transition W. The transition W is exemplified as a tapered section between the first section 1a and the second section 1b executed. In this case, the transition W is positioned approximately in such a way that the section U2 having the greatest wall thickness present after the first method step lies approximately in the middle in the transition W. In the manner described can be a particularly steep transition W realize with a wall thickness, which is preferably slightly greater than or equal to the wall thicknesses of the first and the second section.

Ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist anhand der Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellt und prinzipiell entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel durchzuführen. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird ein Hohlformteil 1, welches als Rohrelement mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke t1 ausgeführt ist, durch Querfließpressen in einem Umformbereich U mit einer nach innen und nach außen gerichteten Wandverdickung V versehen. Die Wandverdickung V ist hierbei mit in etwa konstanter Wandstärke an einem Ende des Hohlformteils 1 gebildet.A third embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrated and in principle perform according to the first embodiment. In a first method step, a hollow molded part 1, which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, provided by transverse extrusion in a Umformbereich U with an inwardly and outwardly directed wall thickening V. The wall thickening V is in this case formed with an approximately constant wall thickness at one end of the hollow molded part 1.

In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt wird in dem Umformbereich U mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung ein Übergang W derart geformt, dass an dem Hohlformteil 1 ein erster Abschnitt 1a mit einem größeren Durchmesser D1 sowie ein zweiter, endseitiger Abschnitt 1b mit einem kleineren Durchmesser D2 gebildet sind. Dabei sind der zweite Abschnitt 1b sowie der Übergang W vollständig innerhalb des Umformbereichs U positioniert. Durch das Einziehen des Übergangs wird die Wandstärke t2 im Bereich des Übergangs W zumindest abschnittsweise reduziert, jedoch ist die Wandstärke t2 noch größer als die Ausgangswandstärke t1 ausgeführt. Die nach dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt erreichte Wandstärke t im Umformbereich U bleibt u. U. abschnittsweise im zweiten Abschnitt 1b erhalten oder ist sogar noch vergrößert. Jedoch kann die Wandstärke im zweiten Abschnitt 1b in einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt durch Abstrecken über einen Dorn weiter reduziert werden. Optional kann in dem zweiten Abschnitt analog zum Übergang W gleichsinnig (durch weiteres Einziehen) oder gegensinnig (durch Aufweiten) eine weitere Schulter hergestellt werden.In a subsequent method step, a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second, end section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1. In this case, the second section 1b and the transition W are completely positioned within the deformation area U. By retracting the transition, the wall thickness t2 is at least partially reduced in the region of the transition W, but the wall thickness t2 is even greater than the output wall thickness t1 executed. The wall thickness t reached in the deformation area U after the second process step remains u. U. sections obtained in the second section 1b or is even increased. However, in a subsequent method step, the wall thickness in the second section 1b can be further reduced by stretching over a mandrel. Optionally, in the second section analogous to the transition W in the same direction (by further retraction) or in opposite directions (by widening) another shoulder can be produced.

Ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist anhand der Fig. 7 und 8 dargestellt und prinzipiell entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel durchzuführen. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird ein Hohlformteil 1, welches als Rohrelement mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke t1 ausgeführt ist, durch Querfließpressen in einem Umformbereich U mit einer im wesentlichen nach außen gerichteten Wandverdickung V versehen. Die Wandverdickung V ist hierbei mit in etwa konstanter Wandstärke t oder auch mit sich kontinuierlich ändernder Wandstärke ausgeführt. Es wird bevorzugt ein gegenüber dem Ausgangsdurchmesser D1 deutlich vergrößerter Durchmesser D3 erzeugt.A fourth embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrated and in principle perform according to the first embodiment. In one The first method step, a hollow mold part 1, which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, provided by transverse extrusion in a Umformbereich U with a substantially outwardly directed wall thickening V. The wall thickening V is in this case carried out with approximately constant wall thickness t or with continuously changing wall thickness. It is preferred to produce a diameter D3 that is significantly larger than the initial diameter D1.

In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt wird in dem Umformbereich U mittels einer plastischen Materialumformung ein Übergang W derart geformt, dass an dem Hohlformteil 1 ein erster Abschnitt 1a mit einem größeren Durchmesser D1 sowie ein zweiter, endseitiger Abschnitt 1b mit einem kleineren Durchmesser D2 gebildet sind. Dabei bleiben in einem an den ersten Abschnitt 1a angrenzenden Bereich des Übergangs W der vergrößerte Durchmesser D3 sowie eine gegenüber der Ausgangswandstärke t1 vergrößerte Wandstärke t2 näherungsweise erhalten. Des Weiteren wird in einem mittleren Bereich des Übergangs W eine Wandstärke t3 erzielt, die sich als in etwa gleich der Ausgangswandstärke t1 bemisst und gleitend in den zweiten Abschnitt 1b übergeht. Im Bereich des vergrößerten Durchmessers D3 lässt sich in einem nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsschritt bevorzugt eine außenseitige Kontur an dem Hohlformteil 1 herstellen. Insbesondere lassen sich zerspanend Nuten, Kerben oder Zähne erzeugen.In a subsequent method step, a transition W is formed in the forming area U by means of a plastic material deformation such that a first section 1a with a larger diameter D1 and a second, end section 1b with a smaller diameter D2 are formed on the hollow shaped part 1. In this case, in an area of the transition W adjoining the first section 1a, the enlarged diameter D3 and a wall thickness t2 increased in relation to the outlet wall thickness t1 remain approximately. Furthermore, in a middle region of the transition W, a wall thickness t3 is achieved which measures approximately equal to the initial wall thickness t1 and merges into the second section 1b in a sliding manner. In the area of the enlarged diameter D3, it is possible to produce an outside contour on the hollow molded part 1 in a subsequent processing step. In particular, can be produced by machining grooves, notches or teeth.

Ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist anhand der Fig. 9 und 10 dargestellt und prinzipiell entsprechend den vorherigen Ausführungsbeispielen durchgeführt. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird ein Hohlformteil 1, welches als Rohrelement mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke t1 ausgeführt ist, zunächst in einem Umformbereich U zumindest abschnittsweise erwärmt und durch Anstauchen bzw. Querfließpressen mit einer nach innen gerichteten Wandverdickung V1 sowie mit einer nach außen gerichteten Wandverdickung V2 versehen. Hierzu ist eine entsprechend konfigurierte Matrize M3 vorgesehen, die im Zusammenspiel mit einem Dorn M1, M2 die genannte plastische Umformung des Materials des Ausgangsformteils in einem Arbeitsschritt bewirkt. Insbesondere werden an dem Hohlformteil 1 innerhalb des Umformbereichs U ein erster Abschnitt U1 sowie ein zweiter Abschnitt U2 jeweils mit einer größeren Wandstärke geformt, wobei der Wandstärkenzuwachs in den Abschnitten U1, U2 aus einer Längenreduzierung derselben Bereiche, aber auch der benachbarten Bereiche entnommen ist. Besonders bevorzugt sind in dem Umformbereich U mehrere konisch verlaufende Übergänge zwischen den Abschnitten U1, U2 gebildet. In einem modifizierten Verfahrensschritt werden die Abschnitte U1, U2 in mehreren gesonderten Kalt-, Warm- oder Halbwarm-Umformschritten erformt.A fifth embodiment of the method according to the invention is based on FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrated and performed in principle according to the previous embodiments. In a first method step, a hollow molded part 1, which is designed as a tubular element with an outer diameter D1 and a wall thickness t1, first at least partially heated in a forming area U and by upsetting or Querfließpressen with an inwardly directed wall thickening V1 and with an outwardly directed Wall thickening V2 provided. For this purpose, a correspondingly configured matrix M3 provided in cooperation with a mandrel M1, M2 causes said plastic deformation of the material of the starting molding in one step. In particular, a first section U1 and a second section U2 are each formed with a larger wall thickness on the hollow molded part 1 within the forming area U, wherein the wall thickness increase in the sections U1, U2 is taken from a reduction in length of the same areas, but also the adjacent areas. Particularly preferably, a plurality of conically extending transitions between the sections U1, U2 are formed in the forming area U. In a modified method step, the sections U1, U2 are formed in a plurality of separate cold, warm or semi-hot forming steps.

In einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt werden in den Umformbereichen U1, U2 mittels einer oder mehrerer plastischer Materialumformungsvorgänge Übergänge W1, W2 derart geformt, dass an dem Hohlformteil 1 ein erster Abschnitt 1a mit einem größeren Durchmesser D2, ein zweiter Abschnitt 1b mit einem mittleren Durchmesser D1 sowie ein dritter Abschnitt mit einem kleineren Durchmesser D3 gebildet sind. Dabei entspricht der mittlere Durchmesser D1 des zweiten Abschnitts 1b bevorzugt in etwa dem Ausgangsdurchmesser des Hohlformteils 1. Auch entspricht die Wandstärke des zweiten Abschnitts 1b der Ausgangswandstärke t1. Die wandstärke t2 des zweiten Übergangs W2 ist größer ausgestaltet als die Ausgangswandstärke t1. Die plastische Umformung wird in an sich bekannter Weise beispielsweise mit Hilfe an sich bekannter Ziehmatrizen durchgeführt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können Verfahren wie Rundkneten, Schlagwalzen, Rollieren, Taumeln und dergleichen zur Anwendung gelangen. Anstelle von runden oder ringförmigen Querschnittsgeometrien sind abschnittsweise auch unrunde Querschnitte vorsehbar; in diesem Fall sind anstelle der Durchmesser D1, D2, D3 entsprechende maximale Quererstreckungen vorsehbar.In a subsequent method step, transitions W1, W2 are formed in the forming regions U1, U2 by means of one or more plastic material forming processes such that a first portion 1a with a larger diameter D2, a second portion 1b with a mean diameter D1 and a hollow portion 1 are formed on the hollow mold part 1 third section are formed with a smaller diameter D3. In this case, the average diameter D1 of the second section 1b preferably corresponds approximately to the starting diameter of the hollow molded part 1. The wall thickness of the second section 1b also corresponds to the starting wall thickness t1. The wall thickness t2 of the second transition W2 is made larger than the output wall thickness t1. The plastic deformation is carried out in a conventional manner, for example by means of known draw dies. Alternatively or additionally, methods such as rotary kneading, impact rolls, rolling, tumbling and the like can be used. Instead of round or annular cross-sectional geometries, non-circular cross sections can also be provided in sections; in this case, corresponding maximum transverse extensions can be provided instead of the diameters D1, D2, D3.

Der erste Übergang W1 ist beispielhaft als kegeliger Abschnitt zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt 1a und dem zweiten Abschnitt 1b ausgeführt, wobei innenseitig (und/oder in modifizierter Weise außenseitig) an dem Hohlformteil eine ringförmige Verdickung N vorgesehen sein kann. Dabei ist der erste Übergang W1 in etwa in demselben axialen Bereich positioniert, in dem im ersten Verfahrensschritt der Umformabschnitt U1 mit der nach innen gerichteten Verdickung V1 vorgesehen ist. Auf die beschriebene Weise lässt sich ein besonders steiler Übergang W1 mit einer Wandstärke realisieren, die bevorzugt um 30% bis 100%, ggf. sogar 200% größer ist als die Wandstärke t1 des zweiten Abschnitts 1b.The first transition W1 is exemplified as a tapered portion between the first portion 1a and the second portion 1b, wherein on the inside (and / or in a modified manner on the outside) on the hollow mold part, an annular thickening N can be provided. In this case, the first transition W1 is positioned approximately in the same axial region in which the forming section U1 with the inwardly directed thickening V1 is provided in the first method step. In the manner described, a particularly steep transition W1 can be realized with a wall thickness which is preferably greater by 30% to 100%, possibly even 200%, than the wall thickness t1 of the second section 1b.

Der zweite Übergang W2 ist wiederum beispielhaft als kegeliger Abschnitt zwischen dem dritten Abschnitt 1c und dem zweiten Abschnitt 1b ausgeführt, wobei der zweite Übergang W2 in axialer Richtung näherungsweise vollständig im Bereich des zweiten Umformabschnitts U2 mit dessen nach außen gerichteter Wandverdickung V2 positioniert ist oder den zweiten Umformabschnitt U2 in axialer Richtung zumindest überlappt. Im letztgenannten Fall ist durch die im ersten Verfahrensschritt geformte Verdickung V2 zumindest für einen Teil der Wandstärke des zweiten Übergangs W2 benötigte Materialmenge zur Verfügung gestellt, so dass sich eine ausreichende Wandstärke t2 im Bereich des zweiten Übergangs W2 ergibt, die zwischen 0% und 40% größer sein kann als die Ausgangswandstärke t1 sofern wenigstens 75% des zweiten Übergangs W2 in axialer Richtung im Bereich des zweiten Umformabschnitts U2 angeordnet sind.The second transition W2 is in turn embodied, for example, as a conical section between the third section 1c and the second section 1b, wherein the second transition W2 is positioned approximately completely in the axial direction in the region of the second forming section U2 with its outwardly directed wall thickening V2 or the second Forming section U2 in the axial direction at least overlaps. In the latter case, the quantity of material required for at least part of the wall thickness of the second transition W2 is provided by the thickening V2 formed in the first method step, so that a sufficient wall thickness t2 results in the range of the second transition W2, which ranges between 0% and 40%. can be greater than the output wall thickness t1 if at least 75% of the second transition W2 are arranged in the axial direction in the region of the second forming section U2.

Den beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensvarianten ist gemeinsam, dass jeweils ein Hohlformteil erzeugt wird, welches im Bereich einer Steilschulter eine besonders hohe statische und dynamische Festigkeit aufweist. Dies ergibt sich zum einen aus der nahtlosen Herstellung, die erfindungsgemäß mit einer an die zu erwartenden Belastungen anpassbaren Wandstärke kombiniert ist. Zum anderen lassen sich in Umfangsrichtung besonders stabile Ringstrukturen erreichen. Insbesondere wird jeweils eine sich über das gesamte Bauteil erstreckende Wandstärke erzielt, die größer oder mindestens gleich der Ausgangswandstärke des Hohlformteils bzw. größer oder gleich den Wandstärken der den Übergang einschließenden Abschnitte ausgeführt ist. Sämtliche Merkmale der Ausführungsbeispiele lassen sich nahezu beliebig miteinander kombinieren, insbesondere lassen sich an einem Hohlformteil mehrere Übergänge mit der gleichen oder unterschiedlicher Geometrie herstellen.The method variants according to the invention described in common is that in each case a hollow molded part is produced, which has a particularly high static and dynamic strength in the region of a steep shoulder. This results, on the one hand, from the seamless production, which according to the invention is combined with a wall thickness which can be adapted to the expected loads. On the other hand, particularly stable ring structures can be achieved in the circumferential direction. In particular, each one becomes achieved over the entire component extending wall thickness, which is greater than or at least equal to the output wall thickness of the hollow molding or greater than or equal to the wall thickness of the transition enclosing sections. All features of the embodiments can be almost arbitrarily combine with each other, in particular can be produced on a mold part more transitions with the same or different geometry.

Bevorzugt lassen sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hochbelastete Wellen, beispielsweise Getriebe- und Antriebswellen kostengünstig herstellen. Weiter bevorzugt lassen sich Maschinenelemente (z.B. Zahnräder oder dergleichen) im Bereich des ersten Abschnitts oder im Bereich des zweiten Abschnitts benachbart zum Übergang auf das Hohlformteil aufschrumpfen und/oder anderweitig fixieren.Preferably, with the method according to the invention highly stressed shafts, such as gear and drive shafts can be produced inexpensively. More preferably, machine elements (e.g., gears or the like) may be shrink-wrapped and / or otherwise fixed in the region of the first portion or in the region of the second portion adjacent the transition to the die.

Claims (10)

  1. A method for deforming a hollow form wherein
    - in a first step of the method a wall thickening (V) is produced in a deforming region (U) at the hollow form (1) by means of a plastic material forming method, particularly by a hot and/or warm forming method,
    - in a subsequent step of the method, forming of a transition (W) is carried out in the deforming region by means of a plastic material forming method (W) such that
    - a first section (1 a) having a greater transverse span, particularly having a greater diameter (D1), and a second section (1b) having a smaller transverse span, particularly having a smaller diameter (D2), are formed on the hollow form wherein
    - the deforming region (U) lies at least partially between the first section (1 a) and the second section (1 b) and at least in part encompasses the transition (W),
    characterized in that
    - in the first step of the method the hollow form is compressed particularly in the longitudinal direction such that
    - in the deforming region (U) there ensues a wall thickening (V) having a wall of the hollow form being enlarged both towards the outside and towards the inside.
  2. Method according to Claim 1
    characterized in that
    in the axial direction the deforming region (U) overlaps with the first section (1 a) and/or with the second section (1 b).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2
    characterized in that
    the second section (1 b) is disposed in an axial direction end-on with respect to the hollow form (1) and that the deforming region (U) completely encompasses the second section (1 b).
  4. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3
    characterized in that
    in the first step of the method on the hollow form (1) a section (U1) having a smaller wall thickness and a section (U2) having a greater wall thickness are formed within the deforming region (U).
  5. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 4
    characterized in that
    after the first step of the method a wall thickness in the deforming region (U) is greater than a starting wall thickness (t1) of the hollow form, wherein after the second step of the method the wall thickness (t3) of the transition (W) is dimensioned at least in part approximately equal to a starting wall thickness (t1) of the hollow form (1).
  6. Method according to Claim 5
    characterized in that
    the wall thickness of the transition (W) after the second step of the method is dimensioned in part approximately equal to a starting wall thickness (t1) of the hollow form (1) and in part greater than a starting wall thickness (t1) of the hollow form (1).
  7. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 6
    characterized in that
    the hollow form (1) is selected as a rotationally symmetrical tube having a nearly constant starting wall thickness (t1) wherein in the first step of the method a circumferential wall thickening (V) is produced in the deforming region, which circumferential wall thickening (V) extends towards the outside and/or towards the inside.
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the hollow form (1) is selected as a rotationally symmetrical tube having a nearly constant starting diameter (D1) wherein in the first step of the method a circumferential wall thickening is produced in the deforming region (U) having a diameter (D3), which is greater than the starting diameter (D1).
  9. Method according to Claim 8
    characterized in that
    after the second step of the method the diameter of the transition in part is of greater dimensions than the starting diameter of the hollow form.
  10. Method according to any one of the claims 7 to 9
    characterized in that
    after the second step of the method an internal diameter of the transition in part is of smaller dimensions than the starting diameter of the hollow form.
EP06005275A 2005-03-16 2006-03-15 Method for making a transition part in a hollow profile Not-in-force EP1702695B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005012475A DE102005012475A1 (en) 2005-03-16 2005-03-16 Process for producing a transition to a hollow molded part

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1702695A2 EP1702695A2 (en) 2006-09-20
EP1702695A3 EP1702695A3 (en) 2007-09-05
EP1702695B1 true EP1702695B1 (en) 2009-12-23

Family

ID=36648661

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06005275A Not-in-force EP1702695B1 (en) 2005-03-16 2006-03-15 Method for making a transition part in a hollow profile

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1702695B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE452716T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102005012475A1 (en)

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DE102012110792A1 (en) 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 GFU-Gesellschaft für Umformung und Maschinenbau GmbH Process for manufacturing step-like cross-sectional tapering of tubular workpiece, involves providing step surface to extend radially, and connecting surface at right angle to cylindrical outer surfaces in longitudinal section of workpiece
US9987674B2 (en) 2012-07-13 2018-06-05 Gkn Land Systems Limited Manufacture of wheels
DE102018123316A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Benteler Steel/Tube Gmbh Pipe element for gas pressure container, gas pressure container and method for producing a pipe element
WO2021180608A1 (en) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag Method for manufacturing a steering shaft part of a steering shaft for a motor vehicle, method for manufacturing a steering shaft for a motor vehicle, steering shaft part for a steering shaft for a motor vehicle, steering shaft for a motor vehicle and steering column for a motor vehicle

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DE102006037742B4 (en) 2006-08-11 2010-12-09 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Method and apparatus for explosion forming
DE102006037754B3 (en) 2006-08-11 2008-01-24 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Procedure for the explosion forming, comprises arranging work piece in tools and deforming by means of explosion means, igniting the explosion means in ignition place of the tools using induction element, and cooling the induction element
DE102006056788B4 (en) 2006-12-01 2013-10-10 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Closing device for explosion forming
DE102006060372A1 (en) 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Workpiece for explosion reformation process, is included into molding tool and is deformed from output arrangement by explosion reformation
DE102007007330A1 (en) 2007-02-14 2008-08-21 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Method and tool assembly for explosion forming
DE102007023669B4 (en) 2007-05-22 2010-12-02 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Ignition device for explosion forming
DE102007034895A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 V&M Deutschland Gmbh Method of producing hot-finished seamless tubes with optimized fatigue properties in the welded state
DE102007036196A1 (en) 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Apparatus for supplying a fluid for explosion forming
DE102008006979A1 (en) 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Cosma Engineering Europe Ag Device for explosion forming
DE102013022671B4 (en) 2013-04-22 2024-07-11 GFU-Gesellschaft für Umformung und Maschinenbau GmbH Upsetting process for pipes
DE102021103689B3 (en) * 2021-02-17 2022-05-19 GFU - Maschinenbau GmbH Gesellschaft für Umformung und Maschinenbau Method for producing a stepped cross-sectional reduction in a one-piece tubular metal workpiece, one-piece tubular workpiece produced therewith and apparatus for carrying out the method
DE102021207020A1 (en) 2021-07-05 2023-01-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Process for the production of sheet metal components obtained by forming

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US9987674B2 (en) 2012-07-13 2018-06-05 Gkn Land Systems Limited Manufacture of wheels
DE102012110792A1 (en) 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 GFU-Gesellschaft für Umformung und Maschinenbau GmbH Process for manufacturing step-like cross-sectional tapering of tubular workpiece, involves providing step surface to extend radially, and connecting surface at right angle to cylindrical outer surfaces in longitudinal section of workpiece
DE102012110792B4 (en) * 2012-11-09 2016-12-01 GFU-Gesellschaft für Umformung und Maschinenbau GmbH Forming method for producing a stepped cross-sectional taper on a tubular metal workpiece
DE102018123316A1 (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Benteler Steel/Tube Gmbh Pipe element for gas pressure container, gas pressure container and method for producing a pipe element
DE102018123316B4 (en) 2018-09-21 2022-07-07 Benteler Steel/Tube Gmbh Tubular element for gas pressure vessels, gas pressure vessels and method for producing a tubular element
WO2021180608A1 (en) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag Method for manufacturing a steering shaft part of a steering shaft for a motor vehicle, method for manufacturing a steering shaft for a motor vehicle, steering shaft part for a steering shaft for a motor vehicle, steering shaft for a motor vehicle and steering column for a motor vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1702695A3 (en) 2007-09-05
DE102005012475A1 (en) 2006-09-21
ATE452716T1 (en) 2010-01-15
EP1702695A2 (en) 2006-09-20
DE502006005707D1 (en) 2010-02-04

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