EP1252946A2 - Method for producing rotationally symmetric parts - Google Patents
Method for producing rotationally symmetric parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252946A2 EP1252946A2 EP02002515A EP02002515A EP1252946A2 EP 1252946 A2 EP1252946 A2 EP 1252946A2 EP 02002515 A EP02002515 A EP 02002515A EP 02002515 A EP02002515 A EP 02002515A EP 1252946 A2 EP1252946 A2 EP 1252946A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- wall thickness
- component
- outer diameter
- rotationally symmetrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/16—Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49945—Assembling or joining by driven force fit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing rotationally symmetrical Components from a tube, in particular hollow monoblock shafts, the tube initially having a constant outside diameter and a constant Has wall thickness and the rotationally symmetrical component at least over a range of its total length a different one, in particular smaller outer diameter and / or a different one, in particular has greater wall thickness.
- the invention also relates to a rotationally symmetrical component, in particular a hollow monoblock shaft, with an outside diameter that varies over the entire length of the component and / or a varying wall thickness.
- Rotationally symmetrical components that differ over their entire length Have outside diameter and different wall thicknesses, in particular in motor vehicles as drive shafts, camshafts, intermediate shafts or gear shafts used. Under the generally stronger Attentive point of view of "weight loss" have been some time ago, instead of shafts made from solid rods, made from pipes Waves, so-called hollow shafts are used.
- Pipes especially steel pipes, are manufactured either seamless, d. H. from the full material without Longitudinal seam, or in a welded version, d. H. made of bent sheet metal or Strip steel with longitudinal seam. Welded parts are usually used for rotating components Pipes used, since seamless tubes have the required concentricity cannot always be guaranteed with sufficient certainty. Beyond that the production of seamless tubes is generally more expensive than the production of welded ones Tube.
- Wall thickness cannot be increased arbitrarily, but depends on the one hand Outside diameter and wall thickness of the original pipe to other on the outside diameter of the end portion of the shaft (material conservation or constant volume). Should the end area be a particularly large one Have wall thickness, it is necessary that the starting material, i.e. the original pipe, a sufficiently large wall thickness or one has a correspondingly large outer diameter. This can then do so cause the wall thickness and / or the outer diameter of the original Pipe must be larger than the desired wall thickness or the outer diameter of the finished shaft in the middle. With the pipe not only do the end areas have to be kneaded, but also the middle area must also be stretched both reduced in its outer diameter and in its wall thickness become.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a method for producing of a rotationally symmetrical component described at the outset from a Specify pipe, which is carried out as simply and therefore inexpensively can be.
- the method according to the invention is therefore simpler and therefore less expensive carry out that as a starting material a tube with a wall thickness, which corresponds to the smallest wall thickness of the finished component becomes.
- only the wall thickness is used considered a region of the component with a certain length. has For example, the edge of the component has a short approach, which is a very has a small wall thickness, this is not the smallest wall thickness of the component to understand.
- the component will have its smallest wall thickness in have approximately in the middle area, the area of the smallest wall thickness but does not have to be exactly in the middle of the component.
- the process that is usually necessary in the prior art is eliminated Stretching an area, in particular the central area of the Tube.
- the pipe is a welded one that has not been retightened Tube is used. This can - as explained above - the manufacturing cost of the raw material i.e. the pipe significantly reduced become.
- the method according to the invention can thereby be advantageously further develop that axial upsetting and radial forging the heated area of the tube in one setting, preferably in one step. Must the tube in the individual processing steps not being switched from one machine to another, this results in shorter manufacturing times for the rotationally symmetrical Component, which also has a favorable effect on the manufacturing costs.
- the method according to the second teaching of the invention is reduced the manufacturing costs in that a tube as a starting material is used, which is only welded, but not tightened is. That for achieving an edge area of the tube with a relatively large Wall thickness required material volume is used in this process provided that the tube from a sheet or a Steel strip with a large thickness is bent.
- the wall thickness of the pipe with the smallest wall thickness of the finished component is reduced.
- 1a shows a simply welded tube 2 with an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 .
- the wall thickness d 1 corresponds to the thickness of the sheet or strip steel from which the tube 2 has been bent.
- 1b shows the tube 2 'after it has been drawn through a drawing nozzle or a drawing ring. By pulling the tube 2, it has an outer diameter D 2 ⁇ D 1 and a wall thickness d 2 > d 1 .
- This tube 2 ' is dimensioned such that a shaft 1 with an end region 3 with the desired outer diameter D E and the desired wall thickness d E can be produced by kneading.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a shaft 1 using three manufacturing steps.
- the first manufacturing step (FIG. 2a) corresponds to the first manufacturing step (FIG. 1a) in the method known from the prior art, namely it shows a simply welded tube 2 with an outside diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 .
- the wall thickness d 1 of the tube 2 corresponds to the wall thickness d M of the central region 4 of the finished shaft 1.
- the outer diameter D 1 of the tube 2 also corresponds to the outer diameter D M of the central region 4 of the shaft 1, so that the central region 4 of the tube 2 or the shaft 1 does not have to be machined.
- tube 2 is a simply welded tube 2 that is not tightened can be used. This allows in the inventive method a processing step in the manufacture of the tube 2, namely the drawing of the tube 2 can be saved.
- the pipe 2b shows that the pipe 2, which is partially heated in the end region 3, is compressed axially, so that the pipe 2 has an overall length L 2 ⁇ L 1 .
- the axial upsetting of the tube 2 leads to a thickening of the wall thickness in the end region 3.
- the heated region of the tube 2, ie the end region 3 is machined by radial forging with a forging tool 5, as a result of which the desired outer diameter D E is achieved.
- a multi-stage change in the outside diameter and wall thickness in the end region 3 is achieved by several radial forging processes.
- the end region 3 has an outer diameter D 2 ⁇ D 1 .
- a mandrel is inserted into the tube 2 during the axial upsetting and the radial forging of the heated area.
- the desired wall thickness d E of the shaft 1 is then also determined by the choice of the outside diameter of the mandrel. Because the tube 2 is partially heated, no or significantly reduced work hardening processes occur, which makes a greater degree of deformation possible.
- the tube 2 shown in FIG. 2 or the shaft 1 shown has, for example, the following outer diameters D and wall thicknesses d in the individual production steps:
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von rotationssymmetrischen Bauteilen aus einem Rohr, insbesondere von hohlen Monoblockwellen, wobei das Rohr anfangs einen konstanten Außendurchmesser und eine konstante Wandstärke aufweist und das rotationssymmetrische Bauteil zumindest über einen Bereich seiner Gesamtlänge einen davon abweichenden, insbesondere kleineren Außendurchmesser und/oder eine davon abweichende, insbesondere größere Wandstärke aufweist. Daneben betrifft die Erfindung noch ein rotationssymmetrisches Bauteil, insbesondere eine hohle Monoblockwelle, mit einem über die Gesamtlänge des Bauteils variierendem Außendurchmesser und/oder einer variierenden Wandstärke.The invention relates to a method for producing rotationally symmetrical Components from a tube, in particular hollow monoblock shafts, the tube initially having a constant outside diameter and a constant Has wall thickness and the rotationally symmetrical component at least over a range of its total length a different one, in particular smaller outer diameter and / or a different one, in particular has greater wall thickness. The invention also relates to a rotationally symmetrical component, in particular a hollow monoblock shaft, with an outside diameter that varies over the entire length of the component and / or a varying wall thickness.
Rotationssymmetrische Bauteile, die über ihre Gesamtlänge unterschiedliche Außendurchmesser und unterschiedliche Wandstärken aufweisen, werden insbesondere bei Kraftfahrzeugen als Antriebswellen, Nockenwellen, Zwischenwellen oder Getriebewellen eingesetzt. Unter dem generell immer stärkere Beachtung findenden Gesichtpunkt der "Gewichtsreduzierung" werden seit einiger Zeit anstelle von aus Vollstäben hergestellten Wellen aus Rohren hergestellte Wellen, sogenannte Hohlwellen verwendet. Es gibt grundsätzlich zwei unterschiedliche Typen von Rohren, die sich auch in ihrem Herstellungsverfahren unterscheiden. Rohre, insbesondere Stahlrohre werden hergestellt entweder in nahtloser Ausführung, d. h. aus dem vollen Werkstoff ohne Längsnaht, oder in geschweißter Ausführung, d. h. aus gebogenem Blech oder Bandstahl mit Längsnaht. Für rotierende Bauteile werden meist geschweißte Rohre verwendet, da bei nahtlosen Rohren die erforderlichen Konzentrizität nicht immer ausreichend sicher gewährleistet werden kann. Darüber hinaus ist die Herstellung nahtloser Rohre in der Regel teurer als die Herstellung geschweißter Rohre.Rotationally symmetrical components that differ over their entire length Have outside diameter and different wall thicknesses, in particular in motor vehicles as drive shafts, camshafts, intermediate shafts or gear shafts used. Under the generally stronger Attentive point of view of "weight loss" have been some time ago, instead of shafts made from solid rods, made from pipes Waves, so-called hollow shafts are used. There are basically two different types of pipes, which also differ in their manufacturing process differ. Pipes, especially steel pipes, are manufactured either seamless, d. H. from the full material without Longitudinal seam, or in a welded version, d. H. made of bent sheet metal or Strip steel with longitudinal seam. Welded parts are usually used for rotating components Pipes used, since seamless tubes have the required concentricity cannot always be guaranteed with sufficient certainty. Beyond that the production of seamless tubes is generally more expensive than the production of welded ones Tube.
Um nun die zuvor genannten rotationssymmetrischen Bauteile mit unterschiedlichen Außendurchmessern und Wandstärken herzustellen, gibt es ― zumindest theoretisch ― die Möglichkeit, mehrere Rohre mit unterschiedlichen, jeweils konstantem Außendurchmesser und konstanter Wandstärke zu einem Gesamtrohr mit dem gewünschten Außendurchmesser- und Wandstärkenverlauf zu verbinden. Derartige, aus mehreren Einzelrohren zusammengesetzte Rohre genügen jedoch in der Regel nicht den hohen mechanischen Anforderungen, denen Wellen im Betrieb ausgesetzt sind.To now the previously mentioned rotationally symmetrical components with different There are outer diameters and wall thicknesses - at least theoretically - the possibility of using several pipes with different, constant outer diameter and constant wall thickness an overall pipe with the desired outer diameter and wall thickness profile connect to. Such, composed of several individual tubes However, pipes usually do not meet the high mechanical requirements Requirements to which waves are exposed during operation.
Im Stand der Technik werden daher, insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbereich, ausschließlich Monoblockwellen eingesetzt, d.h. solche Wellen, die aus einem einzigen Stück, im vorliegenden Fall aus einem einzigen Rohr, gefertigt sind. Die Welle wird dabei meist mit Hilfe des sogenannten Rundknetverfahrens bei Raumtemperatur aus dem Rohr hergestellt. In der Regel ist es gewünscht, daß die Welle in ihrem Mittenbereich eine möglichst geringe Wandstärke und in einem oder beiden Endbereichen einen geringeren Außendurchmesser und eine deutlich größere Wandstärke aufweist.In the prior art, therefore, in particular in the motor vehicle sector, only monoblock shafts are used, i.e. such waves that come from one single piece, in the present case from a single tube, are made. The shaft is usually made using the so-called rotary kneading process made from the tube at room temperature. As a rule, it is desirable that the shaft in its central area has the smallest possible wall thickness and in one or both end areas a smaller outside diameter and has a significantly larger wall thickness.
Nun ist jedoch die im Endbereich durch das Rundknetverfahren erreichbare Wandstärke nicht beliebig vergrößerbar, sondern hängt zum einen von dem Außendurchmesser und der Wandstärke des ursprünglichen Rohres, zum anderen von dem Außendurchmesser des Endbereichs der Welle ab (Materialerhaltung bzw. Volumenkonstanz). Soll der Endbereich eine besonders große Wandstärke aufweisen, so ist es erforderlich, daß auch das Ausgangsmaterial, d.h. das ursprüngliche Rohr, eine ausreichend große Wandstärke oder einen entsprechend großen Außendurchmesser aufweist. Dies kann dann dazu führen, daß die Wandstärke und/oder der Außendurchmesser des ursprünglichen Rohres größer sein muß als die hinterher gewünschte Wandstärke bzw. der Außendurchmesser der fertigen Welle im Mittenbereich. Bei dem Rohr müssen dann nicht nur die Endbereiche mittels Rundkneten bearbeitet werden, sondern es muß zusätzlich auch noch der Mittenbereich durch Abstrecken sowohl in seinem Außendurchmesser als auch in seiner Wandstärke verringert werden.Now, however, the one that can be achieved in the end area by the circular kneading process Wall thickness cannot be increased arbitrarily, but depends on the one hand Outside diameter and wall thickness of the original pipe to other on the outside diameter of the end portion of the shaft (material conservation or constant volume). Should the end area be a particularly large one Have wall thickness, it is necessary that the starting material, i.e. the original pipe, a sufficiently large wall thickness or one has a correspondingly large outer diameter. This can then do so cause the wall thickness and / or the outer diameter of the original Pipe must be larger than the desired wall thickness or the outer diameter of the finished shaft in the middle. With the pipe not only do the end areas have to be kneaded, but also the middle area must also be stretched both reduced in its outer diameter and in its wall thickness become.
Ein weiteres Problem ergibt sich häufig dadurch, daß geschweißte Rohre nicht mit beliebiger Wandstärke bzw. mit einem beliebigen Verhältnis von Wandstärke zu Außendurchmesser hergestellt werden können. Dabei beträgt das maximale Verhältnis von Wandstärke zu Außendurchmesser etwa 1/7. Soll das Rohr eine noch größere Wandstärke oder bei gleichbleibender Wandstärke einen geringeren Außendurchmesser aufweisen, so ist dies nicht mehr durch einfaches Biegen des Blechs oder Bandstahls und anschließendem Schweißen des Rohres möglich. In einem solchen Fall muß zunächst ein Rohr mit einem größeren Außendurchmesser und einer kleineren Wandstärke hergestellt, d.h. gebogen und geschweißt werden, das dann anschließend einem oder mehreren Ziehprozessen unterzogen werden muß, wodurch der Außendurchmesser verringert und gleichzeitig die Wandstärke des Rohres vergrößert wird. Sind mehrere Ziehprozesse zur Erreichung des gewünschten Rohres erforderlich, so ist zwischen den einzelnen Ziehprozessen in der Regel eine Wärmebehandlung des Rohres erforderlich. Durch die zusätzlichen Bearbeitungsschritte bei der Herstellung des Rohres ergibt sich für sogenannte "gezogene" Rohre ein deutlich höherer Preis als für nur einfach geschweißte Rohre, wobei der Mehrpreis für "gezogene" Rohr bis zu ca. 30 % beträgt.Another problem often arises from the fact that welded pipes are not with any wall thickness or with any ratio of wall thickness can be made to outside diameter. It is maximum ratio of wall thickness to outside diameter about 1/7. Should the pipe has an even greater wall thickness or the wall thickness remains the same have a smaller outer diameter, this is no longer due simple bending of the sheet or strip steel and subsequent welding of the pipe possible. In such a case, a pipe with a larger outer diameter and a smaller wall thickness, i.e. bent and welded, then one or more Drawing processes must be subjected, whereby the outer diameter is reduced and at the same time the wall thickness of the tube is increased. are several drawing processes required to achieve the desired pipe, so is usually a heat treatment between the individual drawing processes of the pipe is required. Through the additional processing steps at the manufacture of the tube results for so-called "drawn" tubes significantly higher price than for simply welded pipes, the Surcharge for "drawn" pipe is up to approx. 30%.
Im Stand der Technik erfordert das Herstellen eines eingangs beschriebenen
rotationssymmetrischen Bauteiles aus einem Rohr somit folgende Schritte:
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines eingangs beschriebenen rotationssymmetrischen Bauteiles aus einem Rohr anzugeben, welches möglichst einfach und damit kostengünstig durchgeführt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of a method for producing of a rotationally symmetrical component described at the outset from a Specify pipe, which is carried out as simply and therefore inexpensively can be.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß zunächst und im wesentlichen durch ein
eingangs beschriebenes Verfahren mit den folgenden Verfahrensschritten gelöst:
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch einfacher und damit kostengünstiger durchzuführen, daß als Ausgangsmaterial ein Rohr mit einer Wandstärke, die der kleinsten Wandstärke des fertigen Bauteiles entspricht, verwendet wird. Dabei wird im Rahmen dieser Erfindung stets nur die Wandstärke eines Bereichs des Bauteils mit einer gewissen Länge betrachtet. Weist beispielsweise der Rand des Bauteils einen kurzen Ansatz auf, der eine sehr kleine Wandstärke hat, so ist dies nicht als die kleinste Wandstärke des Bauteils zu verstehen. In der Regel wird das Bauteil seine kleinste Wandstärke in etwa im Mittenbereich aufweisen, wobei der Bereich der kleinsten Wandstärke jedoch nicht exakt in der Mitte des Bauteils sein muß. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren entfällt somit das im Stand der Technik meist notwendige Abstrecken eines Bereichs, insbesondere des Mittenbereichs des Rohres. Handelt es sich bei der aus dem Rohr herzustellenden Welle beispielsweise um eine Antriebswelle eines Kraftfahrzeuges, so müssen nur die beiden Endbereiche bearbeitet werden, nicht jedoch zusätzlich der Mittenbereich. Das für die Herstellung des Endbereichs mit großer Wandstärke erforderliche Materialvolumen ― wofür im Stand der Technik ein Rohr mit einer größeren Wandstärke als Ausgangsmaterial erforderlich ist ― wird bei der Herstellung des rotationssymmetrischen Bauteiles gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durch das axiale Stauchen des erwärmten Bereiches des Rohres zur Verfügung gestellt.The method according to the invention is therefore simpler and therefore less expensive carry out that as a starting material a tube with a wall thickness, which corresponds to the smallest wall thickness of the finished component becomes. In the context of this invention, only the wall thickness is used considered a region of the component with a certain length. has For example, the edge of the component has a short approach, which is a very has a small wall thickness, this is not the smallest wall thickness of the component to understand. As a rule, the component will have its smallest wall thickness in have approximately in the middle area, the area of the smallest wall thickness but does not have to be exactly in the middle of the component. In the inventive Thus, the process that is usually necessary in the prior art is eliminated Stretching an area, in particular the central area of the Tube. Is it the shaft to be made from the tube, for example to a drive shaft of a motor vehicle, so only the Both end areas are processed, but not the middle area. The necessary for the production of the end area with a large wall thickness Material volume - for which in the prior art a pipe with a greater wall thickness than the starting material is required - will Production of the rotationally symmetrical component according to the invention Process by axially compressing the heated area of the Rohres provided.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als Rohr ein geschweißtes, nicht nachgezogenes Rohr verwendet wird. Dadurch können ― wie weiter oben ausgeführt ― die Herstellungskosten für das Ausgangsmaterial d.h. das Rohr deutlich reduziert werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich dadurch vorteilhafterweise weitergestalten, daß das axiale Stauchen und das radiale Schmieden des erwärmten Bereiches des Rohres in einer Aufspannung, vorzugsweise in einem Arbeitsschritt, erfolgen. Muß das Rohr bei den einzelnen Bearbeitungsschritten nicht von einer Maschine auf die andere umgespannt werden, so ergeben sich kürzere Herstellungszeiten für das rotationssymmetrische Bauteil, was sich ebenfalls günstig auf die Herstellungskosten auswirkt.It is particularly advantageous if the pipe is a welded one that has not been retightened Tube is used. This can - as explained above - the manufacturing cost of the raw material i.e. the pipe significantly reduced become. The method according to the invention can thereby be advantageously further develop that axial upsetting and radial forging the heated area of the tube in one setting, preferably in one step. Must the tube in the individual processing steps not being switched from one machine to another, this results in shorter manufacturing times for the rotationally symmetrical Component, which also has a favorable effect on the manufacturing costs.
Bei einem alternativen Verfahren zum Herstellen eines rotationssymmetrischen
Bauteiles aus einem Rohr ist die zuvor genannte Aufgabe zunächst und
im wesentlichen dadurch gelöst, daß das Verfahren folgende Verfahrensschritte
aufweist:
Bei dem Verfahren gemäß der zweiten Lehre der Erfindung erfolgt eine Reduzierung der Herstellungskosten dadurch, daß als Ausgangsmaterial ein Rohr verwendet wird, das lediglich geschweißt, nicht jedoch nachgezogen worden ist. Das für die Erzielung eines Randbereichs des Rohres mit einer relativ großen Wandstärke erforderliche Materialvolumen wird bei diesem Verfahren dadurch zur Verfügung gestellt, daß das Rohr aus einem Blech bzw. einem Bandstahl mit einer großen Dicke gebogen wird. Vorteilhafterweise entspricht auch bei dem Verfahren gemäß der zweiten Lehre der Erfindung die Wandstärke des Rohres der kleinsten Wandstärke des fertigen Bauteils.The method according to the second teaching of the invention is reduced the manufacturing costs in that a tube as a starting material is used, which is only welded, but not tightened is. That for achieving an edge area of the tube with a relatively large Wall thickness required material volume is used in this process provided that the tube from a sheet or a Steel strip with a large thickness is bent. Advantageously corresponds also in the method according to the second teaching of the invention, the wall thickness of the pipe with the smallest wall thickness of the finished component.
Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung noch ein rotationssymmetrisches Bauteil, insbesondere eine hohle Monoblockwelle, mit einem über die Gesamtlänge des Bauteils variierenden Außendurchmesser und/oder einer variierenden Wandstärke, wobei das Bauteil aus einem Rohr mit einem konstanten Außendurchmesser und einer konstanten Wandstärke gemäß einem der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt worden ist.The invention also relates to a rotationally symmetrical component, especially a hollow monoblock shaft, with one over the entire length of the component varying outside diameter and / or a varying Wall thickness, the component consisting of a tube with a constant outside diameter and a constant wall thickness according to one of the invention Process has been produced.
Im einzelnen gibt es nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. das erfindungsgemäße rotationssymmetrische Bauteil auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu wird verwiesen einerseits auf die den Patentansprüchen 1, 7 und 9 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche, andererseits auf die Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Welle, dargestellt in verschiedenen Fertigungsstufen bei einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, und
- Fig. 2
- eine Welle, dargestellt in verschiedenen Fertigungsstufen bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- a shaft, shown in different production stages in a method known from the prior art, and
- Fig. 2
- a shaft, shown in different manufacturing stages in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch die Fertigungsfolge bei der Herstellung einer Welle 1 mit einem über die Gesamtlänge L1 variierenden Außendurchmesser D und einer variierenden Wandstärke d gemäß einem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, ausgehend von einem Rohr 2. Von den insgesamt dargestellten vier Fertigungsschritten betreffen die beiden ersten Fertigungsschritte (Fig. 1a und 1b) die Herstellung des Rohres 2, während die beiden letzten Fertigungsschritte (Fig. 1c und 1d) die Herstellung der Welle 1 aus dem Rohr 2 betreffen.1 schematically shows the production sequence in the production of a shaft 1 with an outer diameter D varying over the total length L 1 and a varying wall thickness d according to a method known from the prior art, starting from a tube 2. Of the four manufacturing steps shown in total The first two production steps (FIGS. 1a and 1b) relate to the production of the tube 2, while the last two production steps (FIGS. 1c and 1d) relate to the production of the shaft 1 from the tube 2.
Fig. 1a zeigt ein einfach geschweißtes Rohr 2 mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke d1. Die Wandstärke d1 entspricht dabei der Dicke des Bleches oder des Bandstahls, aus dem das Rohr 2 gebogen worden ist. Fig. 1b zeigt das Rohr 2', nachdem es durch eine Ziehdüse oder einen Ziehring gezogen worden ist. Durch das Ziehen des Rohres 2 weist dieses einen Außendurchmesser D2 < D1 und eine Wandstärke d2 > d1 auf. Dieses Rohr 2' ist so dimensioniert, daß daraus eine Welle 1 mit einem Endbereich 3 mit dem gewünschten Außendurchmesser DE und der gewünschten Wandstärke dE durch Rundkneten hergestellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig weist das Rohr 2' jedoch einen Außendurchmesser D2 und eine Wandstärke d2 auf, die jeweils größer sind als der Außendurchmesser DM und die Wandstärke dM des Mittenbereichs 4 der Welle 1. Somit ist es bei der Herstellung der Welle 1 aus dem Rohr 2' zunächst erforderlich, den Mittenbereich 4 abzustrecken, um den gewünschten Außendurchmesser DM und die gewünschte Wandstärke dM zu erreichen. Hierfür wird in das Rohr 2' ein ― hier nicht dargestellter ― Dorn mit einem entsprechenden Außendurchmesser eingeschoben und anschließend das Rohr 2' in seinem Mittenbereich 4 von außen hämmernd bearbeitet (vgl. Fig. 1c). Als letztes wird bei der Welle 1 der Endbereich 3 mit Hilfe des Rundknetverfahrens bearbeitet, so daß der Endbereich 3 den gewünschten ―in Fig. 1d dargestellten ―Außendurchmesser- und Wandstärkenverlauf aufweist.1a shows a simply welded tube 2 with an outer diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 . The wall thickness d 1 corresponds to the thickness of the sheet or strip steel from which the tube 2 has been bent. 1b shows the tube 2 'after it has been drawn through a drawing nozzle or a drawing ring. By pulling the tube 2, it has an outer diameter D 2 <D 1 and a wall thickness d 2 > d 1 . This tube 2 'is dimensioned such that a shaft 1 with an end region 3 with the desired outer diameter D E and the desired wall thickness d E can be produced by kneading. At the same time, however, the tube 2 'has an outer diameter D 2 and a wall thickness d 2 , which are in each case larger than the outer diameter D M and the wall thickness d M of the central region 4 of the shaft 1. Thus, it is in the manufacture of the shaft 1 from the Pipe 2 'is initially necessary to iron the central region 4 in order to achieve the desired outer diameter D M and the desired wall thickness d M. For this purpose, a mandrel (not shown here) with a corresponding outer diameter is inserted into the tube 2 'and then the tube 2' is hammered from the outside in its central region 4 (cf. FIG. 1c). Finally, in the case of the shaft 1, the end region 3 is machined with the help of the round kneading method, so that the end region 3 has the desired ―outside diameter and wall thickness profile shown in FIG. 1d.
Die Herstellung einer Welle 1 gemäß dem zuvor beschriebenen bekannten Verfahren ist dadurch besonders aufwendig und damit kostenintensiv, daß zunächst das Rohr 2' in mehreren Verfahrensschritten hergestellt werden muß, nämlich außer dem eigentlichen Biegen und Schweißen zusätzlich einem oder mehreren Ziehvorgängen und damit verbunden zusätzlich einem oder mehreren Wärmebehandlungen unterzogen werden muß. Anschließend muß zur Herstellung der Welle 1 aus dem Rohr 2' sowohl der Mittenbereich 4 als auch der Endbereich 3 bearbeitet werden, nämlich der Mittenbereich 4 mittels Abstrecken und der Endbereich 3 mittels Rundkneten verformt werden. Das Rundknetverfahren bei Raumtemperatur hat darüber hinaus den Nachteil, daß aufgrund der Kaltverfestigung nur relativ geringe Umformungsgrade erreichbar sind.The production of a shaft 1 according to the known one described above The method is particularly complex and therefore cost-intensive that initially the tube 2 'has to be manufactured in several process steps, namely in addition to the actual bending and welding an additional one or several pulling operations and, in addition, one or more Must be subjected to heat treatments. Then must go to Production of the shaft 1 from the tube 2 ', both the central region 4 and the end region 3 are processed, namely the middle region 4 by means of stretching and the end region 3 are deformed by means of round kneading. The Circular kneading at room temperature also has the disadvantage that Due to the strain hardening, only relatively low degrees of deformation can be achieved are.
Das in Fig.1 dargestelle Rohr 2 bzw. die dargestellte Welle 1 weist in den einzelnen
Fertigungsschritten beispielsweise folgende Außendurchmesser D und
Wandstärken d auf:
Die Fig. 2 zeigt demgegenüber eine Ausführung des erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Welle 1 anhand von drei Fertigungsschritten. Der erste Fertigungsschritt (Fig. 2a) entspricht dem ersten Fertigungsschritt (Fig. 1a) bei dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren, er zeigt nämlich ein einfach geschweißtes Rohr 2 mit einem Außendurchmesser D1 und einer Wandstärke d1. Wesentlich ist nun zunächst, daß die Wandstärke d1 des Rohres 2 der Wandstärke dM des Mittenbereichs 4 der fertigen Welle 1 entspricht. Darüber hinaus entspricht auch der Außendurchmesser D1 des Rohres 2 dem Außendurchmesser DM des Mittenbereichs 4 der Welle 1, so daß der Mittenbereich 4 des Rohres 2 bzw. der Welle 1 nicht bearbeitet werden muß. 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a shaft 1 using three manufacturing steps. The first manufacturing step (FIG. 2a) corresponds to the first manufacturing step (FIG. 1a) in the method known from the prior art, namely it shows a simply welded tube 2 with an outside diameter D 1 and a wall thickness d 1 . It is now essential that the wall thickness d 1 of the tube 2 corresponds to the wall thickness d M of the central region 4 of the finished shaft 1. In addition, the outer diameter D 1 of the tube 2 also corresponds to the outer diameter D M of the central region 4 of the shaft 1, so that the central region 4 of the tube 2 or the shaft 1 does not have to be machined.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß als Rohr 2 ein einfach geschweißtes, nicht nachgezogenes Rohr 2 verwendet werden kann. Dadurch kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein Bearbeitungsschritt bei der Herstellung des Rohres 2, nämlich das Ziehen des Rohres 2 eingespart werden.Another important advantage of the method according to the invention is in the fact that as tube 2 is a simply welded tube 2 that is not tightened can be used. This allows in the inventive method a processing step in the manufacture of the tube 2, namely the drawing of the tube 2 can be saved.
Fig. 2b zeigt, daß das im Endbereich 3 partiell erwärmte Rohr 2 axial gestaucht wird, so daß das Rohr 2 eine Gesamtlänge L2 < L1 aufweist. Das axiale Stauchen des Rohres 2 führt zu einer Wandstärkenverdickung im Endbereich 3. Zusätzlich zum axialen Stauchen wird der erwärmte Bereich des Rohres 2, d.h. der Endbereich 3, durch radiales Schmieden mit einem Schmiedewerkzeug 5 bearbeitet, wodurch der gewünschte Außendurchmesser DE erreicht wird. Eine mehrstufiger Außendurchmesser- und Wandstärkenveränderung im Endbereich 3 wird durch mehrere radiale Schmiedvorgänge erreicht. In einem ersten Zwischenschritt weist der Endbereich 3 einen Außendurchmesser D2 < D1 auf.2b shows that the pipe 2, which is partially heated in the end region 3, is compressed axially, so that the pipe 2 has an overall length L 2 <L 1 . The axial upsetting of the tube 2 leads to a thickening of the wall thickness in the end region 3. In addition to the axial upsetting, the heated region of the tube 2, ie the end region 3, is machined by radial forging with a forging tool 5, as a result of which the desired outer diameter D E is achieved. A multi-stage change in the outside diameter and wall thickness in the end region 3 is achieved by several radial forging processes. In a first intermediate step, the end region 3 has an outer diameter D 2 <D 1 .
Zur Erzielung des gewünschten Innendurchmesserverlaufs im Endbereich 3 wird während des axialen Stauchens und des radialen Schmiedens des erwärmten Bereichs ein Dorn in das Rohr 2 eingeführt. Durch die Wahl des Außendurchmessers des Dornes wird dann auch die gewünschte Wandstärke dE der Welle 1 festgelegt. Dadurch, daß das Rohr 2 partiell erwärmt wird, treten keine bzw. deutlich verringerte Kaltverfestigungsprozesse auf, wodurch ein größerer Umformungsgrad möglich ist.In order to achieve the desired inner diameter profile in the end area 3, a mandrel is inserted into the tube 2 during the axial upsetting and the radial forging of the heated area. The desired wall thickness d E of the shaft 1 is then also determined by the choice of the outside diameter of the mandrel. Because the tube 2 is partially heated, no or significantly reduced work hardening processes occur, which makes a greater degree of deformation possible.
Das in Fig.2 dargestelle Rohr 2 bzw. die dargestellte Welle 1 weist in den einzelnen
Fertigungsschritten beispielsweise folgende Außendurchmesser D und
Wandstärken d auf:
Claims (11)
Wandstärke des fertigen Bauteils entspricht,
Corresponds to the wall thickness of the finished component,
relativ großen Wandstärke und
Raumtemperatur.
relatively large wall thickness and
Room temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10120392A DE10120392B4 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2001-04-25 | Process for producing rotationally symmetrical components |
DE10120392 | 2001-04-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252946A2 true EP1252946A2 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
EP1252946A3 EP1252946A3 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
EP1252946B1 EP1252946B1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=7682753
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02002515A Expired - Lifetime EP1252946B1 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2002-02-02 | Method for producing rotationally symmetric parts |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7275407B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1252946B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002321035A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE322949T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10120392B4 (en) |
Cited By (7)
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EP1997569A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-03 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Method for processing the ends of pipes |
CN100460138C (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2009-02-11 | 中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司 | Integrated forging method of flange type step thin wall long sheath forging |
DE102007053551A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-28 | Rauschnabel, Eberhard, Dr.-Ing. | Method for cross-sectional modification of hollow units, involves heating hollow unit, and partial axial upsetting is carried out inwards and outwards at hollow parting |
DE102010015835A1 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | IFUTEC Ingenieurbüro für Umformtechnik GmbH | Method for machine manufacturing of cylindrical, particularly hollow work-pieces, involves utilizing metallic material and axially compressing work-piece in pressing tool under influence of press plunger |
CN102581153A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-18 | 昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Processing method of closed-up pull rod |
CN101987343B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-12-05 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | Forging method of conical cylinder body of nuclear power equipment |
DE102011086125B4 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2015-07-02 | Nsk Deutschland Gmbh | Pipe thickening method, manufactured steering tube and vehicle with such a steering tube |
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DE102014014818A1 (en) * | 2014-04-06 | 2015-11-12 | IFUTEC Ingenieurbüro für Umformtechnik GmbH | Hot-cold forming of hollow bodies |
US11065673B2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2021-07-20 | Tecniforja—Forjagem E Estampagem De Peças Técnicas, Lda | Hot steel forging in horizontal press |
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US11122741B2 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-09-21 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Stalk roller assembly for an agricultural system |
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- 2002-02-02 AT AT02002515T patent/ATE322949T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-02 DE DE50206354T patent/DE50206354D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-26 JP JP2002050004A patent/JP2002321035A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-25 US US10/131,138 patent/US7275407B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US2133091A (en) * | 1936-10-07 | 1938-10-11 | Clark Equipment Co | Axle and method of forming same |
US2256065A (en) * | 1939-10-21 | 1941-09-16 | Pittsburgh Steel Co | Tubular car axle and method for making it |
DE1804673A1 (en) * | 1968-10-23 | 1970-06-11 | Benteler Werke Ag | Axle for motor vehicles or the like and process for their production |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100460138C (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2009-02-11 | 中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司 | Integrated forging method of flange type step thin wall long sheath forging |
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DE102007053551A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-28 | Rauschnabel, Eberhard, Dr.-Ing. | Method for cross-sectional modification of hollow units, involves heating hollow unit, and partial axial upsetting is carried out inwards and outwards at hollow parting |
CN101987343B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2012-12-05 | 上海重型机器厂有限公司 | Forging method of conical cylinder body of nuclear power equipment |
DE102010015835A1 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | IFUTEC Ingenieurbüro für Umformtechnik GmbH | Method for machine manufacturing of cylindrical, particularly hollow work-pieces, involves utilizing metallic material and axially compressing work-piece in pressing tool under influence of press plunger |
DE102011086125B4 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2015-07-02 | Nsk Deutschland Gmbh | Pipe thickening method, manufactured steering tube and vehicle with such a steering tube |
CN102581153A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-07-18 | 昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Processing method of closed-up pull rod |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7275407B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 |
DE50206354D1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
US20020160844A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
ATE322949T1 (en) | 2006-04-15 |
DE10120392A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
EP1252946B1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
EP1252946A3 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
DE10120392B4 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
JP2002321035A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
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