Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for controlling power consumption during a rock drilling process of the kind defined in the preamble of claim 1.
• the invention further relates to a system and a rock drilling apparatus of the kind defined in the preamble of claims 11 and 21, respectively.
• Rock drilling apparatuses may be used in a number of fields.
• rock drilling apparatuses may be used in tunnelling, underground mining, rock reinforcement, raise boring, and for drilling of blast holes, grout holes and holes for installing rock bolts.
• Rock drilling is often performed by percussion rock drilling, in which a drill tool mounted at one end of a drill rod is provided with impact pulses by a hammer piston, arranged on the opposite side of the drill rod, and arranged to be powered to repeatedly impact upon the drill rod. At the outermost end of the drill tool there are drill bits that penetrate the rock and break it upon the impacts by the hammer piston.
• the drill tool also may be pressed against the rock to maintain contact between the tool and the rock in order to make sure that as much impact energy as possible from the hammer piston is transmitted to the rock.
• the drill tool may further be rotated somewhat between the impacts so that the drill bits hit a new location at every impact.
• the drill cuttings are flushed away from the hole with a suitable medium.
• This medium usually is air in surface drilling apparatuses, water in underground working apparatuses. Alternatively, watermist with or without a chemical additive may be used in both types of apparatuses.
• the rock drilling apparatus further comprises main power supply means, such as a diesel engine that is used to produce power for power requiring functions of the rock drilling apparatus .
• main power supply means such as a diesel engine that is used to produce power for power requiring functions of the rock drilling apparatus .
• These functions may include a compressor for producing flushing pressure/flow, percussion power, rotational power, feeding power, feeding rate, hydraulic pumps, cooling fans .
• Rock drilling may further be carried out by apparatuses utilising only rotation and applied pressure to break the rock, or apparatuses only utilising rotation to break the rock .
• the main power supply means is dimensioned such that all functions may be used using their maximum output power rate simultaneously at all times to ensure proper function.
• a problem with existing rock drilling equipment is that they often consume more power than necessary during a drilling process, which results in excessive fuel consumption, and heat and noise generation.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for controlling power consumption during a rock drilling process, which solves the above mentioned problem. This object is achieved by a system as defined in the characterising portion of claim 11.
• the method for controlling power consumption during a rock drilling process with a rock drilling apparatus includes adjusting the flush power at least partly as a function of hole depth, and controlling at least the percussion power and/or rotational power and the flush power such that the total power consumption of each sub-process is controlled such that the power output from the main power supply means is kept at or below a predetermined level.
• the flush power may further be adjusted at least partly as a function of hole diameter and/or diameter of the drill rod.
• the flow of the flush medium may be kept substantially constant throughout the drilling process, i.e. the flush power increases with increased hole depth.
• the hole depth may further be continuously measured. This has the advantage that the flow may be kept at precisely the flow level needed for managing to flush the drill hole, and thus the flush power may kept at lowest possible value throughout the drilling process, at all times.
• the flow of the flush medium may be increased at least slightly with increasing hole depth. This has the advantage that as the hole depth increases, the flow may be increased somewhat in order to further compensate for the hole depth and/or drill rod joints and/or drill cuttings tending to get stuck on the wall of the drill hole.
• the required flush power may be determined by computer means .
• the computer means may be connected to a memory in which is stored a table comprising one or more of lists of types of drill tools and/or types of drill rods, and preferably calculation parameters to be used with a selected combination.
• the flush power may be determined based on stored data concerning type of drill tool and/or type of drill rod and/or hole depth. This has the advantage that the flow of the flush medium may be kept at a desired value independent of for example which drill tool diameter and/or drill rod diameter that is used.
• the invention may be used in conventional rock drilling apparatuses, for example in apparatuses utilising percussion or rotation or a combination thereof.
• apparatuses utilising percussion or rotation or a combination thereof for example in apparatuses utilising percussion or rotation or a combination thereof.
• Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a rock drilling apparatus according to the present invention.
• Fig. 2 shows a block diagram describing an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 1 depicts an exemplary rock drilling apparatus according to the present invention.
• a rock drilling apparatus 1 in this exemplary a surface drill rig.
• the drill rig 1 is shown in use drilling a hole 2, starting from a ground level, at present having reached a depth ⁇ and destined to result in a hole of depth ⁇ , for example 30 meters, the finished hole being indicated by interrupted lines.
• the shown relation of drill rig height/hole depth is not intended to be exact.
• the total height ⁇ of the drill might for example be 10 meters.
• the drill rig 1 is provided with a top hammer 11 mounted via a rock drill cradle 13 on a feed 5.
• the feed 5 is attached to a boom 15 via a feed holder 12.
• the top hammer 11 provides percussive action to a drill tool 3 with one or more drill bits 4 via a drill rod 6 supported by a rod support 14.
• the top hammer 11 is power supplied from a hydraulic pump 10, driven by a diesel engine 9, via a conduit attached to the feed 5 (the hydraulic feed is not shown in the figure) .
• the drill cuttings are flushed out of the hole 2 by compressed air that is fed through a tube, preferably in the center of the drill rod 6, and is discharged near the drill tool 3.
• the compressed air flushes the drill cuttings upwards through and out of the hole 2, as indicated by the upwardly directed arrows in fig 1.
• other flushing media may be used as well, for example watermist with or without a chemical additive.
• the compressed air is fed to the drill rod 6 from a compressor 8 via a tube 7.
• the compressor 8, in turn is powered by the diesel engine 9.
• the diesel engine 9 has to be large enough to be able to simultaneously drive both the compressor and the hydraulic pump at full rate as well as cooling fans and other appliances.
• the compressor is always driven at or near its maximum rate during drilling, and since the compressor may consume for example 120 hp of a diesels total output of for example 300 hp, the compressor consumes a large amount of fuel, which results in the generation of large amounts of exhaust gases and of noise and heat, which further results in even more noise and fuel consumption due to the fact that cooling fans need to be driven harder.
• these drawbacks may be reduced by driving the compressor at the power level that is currently required.
• the flush power that is required to produce a flow of the flush medium being sufficient to evacuate the drill cuttings is relatively small, and thus the compressor need not deliver more than this required power.
• the diesel engine in turn can be driven with reduced power output, thus resulting in decreased fuel consumption, less generated heat and less generated noise.
• the power thus saved by driving the compressor with reduced input power may be used to allow more power to be allocated to the top hammer than otherwise is possible, which results in faster drilling in the first and/or most part of the hole.
• the compressor power reduction may be accomplished in different ways depending on compressor type.
• the power may be reduced by either reducing the R.P.M. or unloading the compressor by shutting the inlet.
• FIG. 2 showing a block diagram of a control system.
• the figure shows a drill rig 21 with a diesel engine 22.
• the diesel engine is directly or indirectly connected to a compressor 23, a hydraulic pump 29, cooling fan(s) 24, other appliance (s) 25, a top hammer 26 and a controller 27, such as a computer.
• the controller is further connected to the compressor 23 and/or the hydraulic pump and/or the cooling fans(s) 24 and/or of the appliances 25.
• a sensor 28 for example mounted on the feed, provides the controller 27 with information regarding the current hole depth, and the controller 27 then transmits, for example via a CAN bus, control signals to the compressor 23 including information about which power/pressure it should deliver in order to produce a desired flow of the flush medium.
• the controller may further send control signals to the diesel engine and/or cooling fans(s) and/or other appliances as needed, for example desired power values.
• the controller 27 may include a memory 30 in or connected to it, in which is stored desired values for the compressor settings versus hole depths so that the compressor may be correctly adjusted. Alternatively or in addition, there may further be stored calculation parameters to be used with the hole depth to calculate a desired compressor power.
• calculation parameters may be dependent on type of drill tool and/or type of drill rod. Preferably calculation parameters are stored for each possible combination of drill tool and/or drill rod. In an alternative embodiment there are listings stored in the memory, wherein each listing includes compressor settings versus depth for each combination. For example, there may be values stored for each cm or dm or m increased hole depth. It is also possible to store values resulting in an increasing flow as the hole depth increases in order to compensate for the factors mentioned above .
• a sensor sensing the actual flow may be connected to the controller, which enables the controller to continuously send control signals to the compressor based on the flow values.
• the flow may for example be calculated as litres per revolution of the compressor * revolutions per minute (R.P.M) * working time/total time.
• the desired flow may in an alternative exemplary embodiment be set by the operator by setting a value on a control or by inputting a desired value to the controller via a man machine interface such as a display and/or a keyboard.
• the present invention has for example the advantage that when drilling narrow holes, the compressor need not be working at full power at all during the drilling process,, thus resulting in a fuel save and/or extra power for the top hammer throughout the drilling process.
• the invention has been described in connection with a surface drill rig with a hydraulic top hammer drill rig.
• the present invention may, however, equally well be used with any other type of drilling apparatus with separately powered flushing and drilling.
• the invention may be used with rock drilling apparatuses utilising both percussion and rotation to perform the rock drilling.
• the invention may also be used in rock drilling where only rotation and applied pressure is utilised to break the rock, or where only rotation is used, which for example might be the case in soft rock drilling, such as in coal mines. In the cases where rotation is used to break the rock, the power saved from reduced flushing may be utilised for faster rotation and thereby faster drilling.
• sensors for example temperature sensors, may be connected to the controller in order to provide it with information useful in controlling the operation of the rock drilling apparatus.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
• Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

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• 2003
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