EP1699580B1 - Method and device for the production of a hollow cylinder from a blank - Google Patents

Method and device for the production of a hollow cylinder from a blank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1699580B1
EP1699580B1 EP04802020A EP04802020A EP1699580B1 EP 1699580 B1 EP1699580 B1 EP 1699580B1 EP 04802020 A EP04802020 A EP 04802020A EP 04802020 A EP04802020 A EP 04802020A EP 1699580 B1 EP1699580 B1 EP 1699580B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
workpiece
piercer
forging
pressing cylinder
chuck
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EP04802020A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1699580A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Koppensteiner
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GFM Beteiligungs und Management GmbH and Co KG
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GFM Beteiligungs und Management GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00Forging presses
    • B21J9/02Special design or construction
    • B21J9/04Piercing presses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/10Piercing billets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a cylindrical hollow body from a blank, wherein the workpiece is opened by successive, mutually offset by the axis of the workpiece forged deformations in the core area and at the same time pushed onto a piercer, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4 ,
  • Such a method and such a device are known from SU 715 195 A known.
  • the disadvantage is that the core material is opened irregularly by the unavoidable inhomogeneities and cracks remain in the region of the inner wall of the resulting hollow body, which significantly affect the strength properties of the workpiece.
  • To avoid such cracks in the region of the inner surface of the hollow body has already been proposed ( SU 715 195 A ), to open the core through a piercer, which projects into the area of forging deformation of the blank, that is, into an area in which the tensile stresses caused by the forging deformation become effective.
  • These tensile stresses acting on the core facilitate the penetration of the piercer into the core of the workpiece, whereby cracks are avoided when opening the core in front of the mandrel is prevented by the axial position of the mandrel.
  • the axial workpiece feed between the individual forging deformations is determined by the elastic deformability of the piercer in the axial direction, which significantly limits the workpiece feed.
  • the piercer is used essentially only to widen the already opened core of the workpiece ( RU 2 010 655 C1 )
  • the surface cracks resulting from the opening of the core can only be smoothed and partially covered by the mandrel, because the material in the crack region oxidizes and cools to the extent that welding of the cracks in the area of the piercer is no longer possible even with hot forging.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a method for producing a cylindrical hollow body of a blank of the type described in such a way that the workpiece feed can be significantly increased without fear of cracking in the inner surface region of the hollow body.
  • the invention solves the problem set by the fact that the workpiece during Schmiedeverformache with a predetermined axial force against the axial force against the workpiece vorschiebbaren punch mandrel is pressed, which is moved back between the successive Schmiedeverformungen synchronously with the axial feed of the workpiece in its initial position.
  • the workpiece feed depends on the working stroke of the piercer so that the workpiece feed can be selected according to the respective Lochungs committee.
  • the prerequisite is that the workpiece is subjected to a sufficient axial force to prevent yielding of the workpiece relative to the piercer during its working stroke.
  • the axial force to be applied to the workpiece therefore depends, among other things, on the particular material, on the temperature and on the deformation properties of the workpiece as well as on the friction conditions between the hole tool and the workpiece.
  • deformation conditions can already be created in the region of the end face of the workpiece facing the piercer which provide a crack-free inner surface of the workpiece make sure to produce hollow body.
  • the hole diameter of the workpiece can be gradually increased in successive steps each under a forging deformation.
  • a device with at least two forging tools which are diametrically opposed to one another with respect to the workpiece and which have an upstream of the forging tools in the feed direction of the workpiece Clamping head, which is connected to an axial feed drive and a rotary drive, and with a via an actuator axially displaceable piercer on the opposite side of the upstream chuck head of the forging tools are assumed.
  • the workpiece is to be rotated by a predetermined angle about its axis with the aid of the chuck tool and axially advanced according to the working stroke of the punch mandrel against the forging tools, wherein the punch mandrel synchronizes with the workpiece feed its initial position is to move back to continue the perforation in repetitive deformation steps and terminate. It goes without saying that this perforation go through the length of the workpiece, but can extend only over a partial length.
  • the axial loading of the workpiece can be done by means of the forging tools upstream clamping head itself, if provided for an end-side support of the workpiece in the chuck and the press cylinder engages the chuck.
  • Cheaper design conditions arise when the press cylinder is provided on the chuck and acts on a receiving opening for the piercer forming, frontal stop for the workpiece. This allows the feed drive of the clamping head be separated from the press cylinder, so that the stroke of the press cylinder can be kept small in comparison with the travel required for the feed drive.
  • the press cylinder can be connected to a rotary drive for the frontal stop to rotate the workpiece synchronously with the frontal stop.
  • the piercer may have a piercing tool with stepped diameter sections.
  • the piercer is to be positioned according to the respective work area opposite the forging tools, so that for each diameter section of the piercing tool, the core opening can be exploited by a transverse forging for punching.
  • this stepwise punching of the workpiece need not be limited to a workpiece passing direction.
  • both clamping heads with a press cylinder for the frontal loading of the workpiece in order to be able to act on the workpiece in both feed directions with a corresponding axial force.
  • the piercer must pass through the pressure cylinder of the associated clamping head axially in such a case.
  • This punching in opposite directions of feed can be performed by means of a single piercing pin when the hole punching tool is replaced. But it is also possible to assign each chuck a separate punch mandrel, which then passes through the respective pressing cylinder axially.
  • the device shown has forging tools 1 in the form of forging hammers, which are diametrically opposed to each other with respect to the workpiece 2. Although only two forging tools are apparent, two mutually offset by 90 ° hammer pairs are generally provided to increase performance, which are operated alternately.
  • the workpiece 2, which is delivered in the form of a blank with a full cross-section, but may also already be tubular, is guided by means of a forging tools 1 in the feed direction 3 of the workpiece 2 upstream clamping head 4.
  • the clamping head 4 is rotatably mounted in a housing 5, which carries a rotary drive 6 for the clamping head 4.
  • the housing 5 with the clamping head 4 is adjustable by means of a carriage 7 via a feed drive 8, preferably a positioning cylinder, along a guide 9.
  • the clamping head 4 also has an end stop 10 for the workpiece 2. This stop 10 is acted upon axially via the piston rod 11 of a compression cylinder 12, which is flanged to the housing 5 of the clamping head 4.
  • a synchronously with the rotary drive 6 for the clamping head 4 controllable rotary drive 13 can be provided for the piston rod 11. It is important to ensure that despite the rotationally fixed connection, the axial displaceability of the piston rod 11 is not affected.
  • the blacksmith tools 1 a further clamping head 14 downstream, which is also rotatably mounted in a housing 15 and is driven by a rotary drive 16.
  • the clamping head 14 is mounted with the housing 15 via a carriage 17 which can be moved by a feed drive 18 along a guide 19.
  • the hollow clamping head 14 is penetrated by a piercer 20, which can be driven back and forth via an actuator 21 in response to the workpiece feed.
  • the piercing tool 22 of the piercer 20, which projects into the region of the forging deformations of the workpiece 2 between the forging tools 1, has a tapered end 23 and a subsequent, cylindrical calibration section 24, so that the punching and calibrating are performed in one operation can.
  • the workpiece 2 is provided before the actual piercing process with a central recess 25 which drilled before clamping the workpiece 2, but also after clamping by the punch 22 itself or a positionable in the center of the machine special tool can be made.
  • For punching the workpiece 2 is in the periods in which it is released by the forging tools 1, by means of the feed drive 8 gradually moved through the forging and simultaneously rotated by means of the rotary drive 6 by a predetermined angular pitch about its axis.
  • the Schmiedewerkept carried out after these feed movements on the forging tools 1 in the core of the workpiece 2 tensile stresses acting in the opening direction on the core and support originating from the punch 22 compressive stresses, so that the perforation of the workpiece 2 on the piercer 20 with a comparatively low effort can be made.
  • the piercing mandrel 20 is advanced during the forging deformation of the workpiece 2 between the forging tools 1 against the feed direction 3 of the workpiece 2, wherein the workpiece 2 is acted upon by a corresponding pressing force in the feed direction 3 by the pressing cylinder 12.
  • the piercing mandrel 20 is returned to its starting position synchronously with the advancing drive 8 via the adjusting cylinder 21, in order to be advanced against the advancing direction 3 against the workpiece 2 during the subsequent forging deformation.
  • the workpiece feed in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction can no longer be performed by the chucking tools 1 upstream clamping head 4, as soon as this chuck 4 associated workpiece end is processed.
  • the opposite clamping head 14 takes over the feed movements both in the axial and in the circumferential direction.
  • the frontal stop 10 for the workpiece 2 is provided with a receiving opening 26 for the punching tool 22, so that the workpiece support is secured throughout the pressing cylinder 12.
  • the workpiece 2 can be processed stepwise.
  • the existing hole is widened by means of the larger diameter portion 28, again with a simultaneous forging deformation, so that the tensile stresses effective by this forging deformation can be advantageously used for the hole process.
  • the piercing mandrel 20 is to be displaced by means of the actuating drive 21 so that the diameter section 28 of the piercing tool 22 comes to rest in the region of the forging deformations of the workpiece 2 by the forging tools 1.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiments. It depends only on a corresponding axial loading of the workpiece during the working stroke of the piercer 20, wherein the working stroke is performed during the forging deformation.
  • the forging deformation can be done by forging hammers, but also by forging presses.
  • the workpiece 2 can also be described in the manner described both hot, semi-warm, but also cold-formed.
  • the forging tools can also be controlled so that they are switched after a punching of the workpiece from a nucleating to a simultaneous, nuclear compressing impact sequence.
  • the perforated mandrel 20 itself can be held non-rotatably, but also rotate with the workpiece or are additionally driven to rotate with respect to the workpiece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A method is described for producing a cylindrical hollow body from a blank, with the workpiece being opened in the core region by successive swaging which is angularly offset against each other about the axis of the workpiece and being simultaneously pushed onto a piercing mandrel. In order to improve the piercing it is proposed that the workpiece is pressed during the swaging with a predeterminable axial force against the piercing mandrel which can be advanced against the workpiece against this axial force, which piercing mandrel is moved back to its initial position synchronous with the axial feed of the workpiece between the successive swaging steps.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines zylindrischen Hohlkörpers aus einem Rohling, wobei das Werkstück durch aufeinanderfolgende, gegeneinander um die Achse des Werkstücks winkelversetzte Schmiedeverformungen im Kernbereich geöffnet und zugleich auf einen Lochdorn aufgeschoben wird, gemäß Oberbegriffe der Ansprüche 1 und 4.The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a cylindrical hollow body from a blank, wherein the workpiece is opened by successive, mutually offset by the axis of the workpiece forged deformations in the core area and at the same time pushed onto a piercer, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4 ,

Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Vorrichtung sind aus der SU 715 195 A bekannt.Such a method and such a device are known from SU 715 195 A known.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zum Herstellen eines zylindrischen Hohlkörpers aus einem vollen Rohling durch ein Schmieden ist es bekannt ( EP 0 610 509 B1 ), den Rohling aufeinanderfolgenden, radialen Schmiedeverformungen auszusetzen und zwischen den einzelnen Schmiedeverformungen um seine Achse zu drehen. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß bei einem bestimmten, den Kernbereich des Rohlings erfassenden Verformungsgrad durch Schmiedekräfte, die von einander diametral gegenüberliegenden Seiten auf den Rohling einwirken, im Kernbereich des Rohlings Zugspannungen auftreten, die ein Öffnen des Kerns bewirken, so daß durch ein schrittweises Drehen des Werkstücks zwischen den einzelnen Schmiedeverformungen aus einem vollen Rohling ein zylindrischer Hohlkörper geschmiedet werden kann. Nachteilig ist allerdings, daß durch die unvermeidbaren Inhomogenitäten der Kernwerkstoff unregelmäßig geöffnet wird und im Bereich der Innenwandung des entstehenden Hohlkörpers Risse verbleiben, die die Festigkeitseigenschaften des Werkstücks erheblich beeinträchtigen. Zur Vermeidung solcher Risse im Bereich der inneren Oberfläche des Hohlkörpers wurde bereits vorgeschlagen ( SU 715 195 A ), den Kern durch einen Lochdorn zu öffnen, der in den Bereich der Schmiedeverformung des Rohlings ragt, also in einen Bereich in dem die durch die Schmiedeverformung bedingten Zugspannungen wirksam werden. Diese auf den Kern einwirkenden Zugspannungen erleichtern das Eindringen des Lochdorns in den Kern des Werkstücks, wobei Risse vermieden werden, wenn durch die axiale Lage des Dorns ein Öffnen des Kerns vor dem Dorn unterbunden wird. Da der Lochdorn im wesentlichen nur während der Schmiedeverformungen des Werkstücks in den Rohling eindringt, wird der axiale Werkstückvorschub zwischen den einzelnen Schmiedeverformungen durch die elastische Verformbarkeit des Lochdorns in axialer Richtung bestimmt, was den Werkstückvorschub erheblich einschränkt. Wird jedoch der Lochdorn im wesentlichen nur zum Aufweiten des bereits geöffneten Kerns des Werkstücks eingesetzt ( RU 2 010 655 C1 ) so können die beim Öffnen des Kerns entstehenden Oberflächenrisse durch den Dorn nur geglättet und zum Teil überdeckt werden, weil der Werkstoff im Rißbereich soweit oxidiert und abkühlt, daß selbst bei einem Warmschmieden ein Verschweißen der Risse im Bereich des Lochdorns nicht mehr möglich ist.For producing a cylindrical hollow body from a full blank by forging, it is known ( EP 0 610 509 B1 ) to expose the blank to successive radial forging deformations and to rotate about its axis between the individual forging deformations. It has been shown that at a certain, the core region of the blank detecting degree of deformation by forging forces acting diametrically opposite sides of the blank, tensile stresses occur in the core region of the blank, causing an opening of the core, so that by a gradual Turning the workpiece between the individual forging deformations from a full blank a cylindrical hollow body can be forged. The disadvantage, however, is that the core material is opened irregularly by the unavoidable inhomogeneities and cracks remain in the region of the inner wall of the resulting hollow body, which significantly affect the strength properties of the workpiece. To avoid such cracks in the region of the inner surface of the hollow body has already been proposed ( SU 715 195 A ), to open the core through a piercer, which projects into the area of forging deformation of the blank, that is, into an area in which the tensile stresses caused by the forging deformation become effective. These tensile stresses acting on the core facilitate the penetration of the piercer into the core of the workpiece, whereby cracks are avoided when opening the core in front of the mandrel is prevented by the axial position of the mandrel. Since the piercer penetrates substantially only during the forging deformations of the workpiece in the blank, the axial workpiece feed between the individual forging deformations is determined by the elastic deformability of the piercer in the axial direction, which significantly limits the workpiece feed. However, if the piercer is used essentially only to widen the already opened core of the workpiece ( RU 2 010 655 C1 ), the surface cracks resulting from the opening of the core can only be smoothed and partially covered by the mandrel, because the material in the crack region oxidizes and cools to the extent that welding of the cracks in the area of the piercer is no longer possible even with hot forging.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines zylindrischen Hohlkörpers aus einem Rohling der eingangs geschilderten Art so auszugestalten, daß der Werkstückvorschub erheblich gesteigert werden kann, ohne eine Rißbildung im inneren Oberflächenbereich des Hohlkörpers befürchten zu müssen.The invention is therefore based on the object, a method for producing a cylindrical hollow body of a blank of the type described in such a way that the workpiece feed can be significantly increased without fear of cracking in the inner surface region of the hollow body.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß das Werkstück während der Schmiedeverformungen mit einer vorgebbaren Axialkraft gegen den entgegen dieser Axialkraft gegen das Werkstück vorschiebbaren Lochdorn gedrückt wird, der zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Schmiedeverformungen synchron mit dem axialen Vorschub des Werkstücks in seine Ausgangsstellung zurückbewegt wird.The invention solves the problem set by the fact that the workpiece during Schmiedeverformungen with a predetermined axial force against the axial force against the workpiece vorschiebbaren punch mandrel is pressed, which is moved back between the successive Schmiedeverformungen synchronously with the axial feed of the workpiece in its initial position.

Da zufolge dieser Maßnahmen der Lochdorn während der Schmiedeverformung des Werkstücks gegen das Werkstück vorgeschoben wird, um zwischen den einzelnen Schmiedeverformungen während des axialen Werkstückvorschubes synchron mit dem Werkstück in seine Ausgangslage zurückgestellt zu werden, hängt der Werkstückvorschub vom Arbeitshub des Lochdorns ab, so daß der Werkstückvorschub entsprechend den jeweiligen Lochungsbedingungen gewählt werden kann. Voraussetzung ist, daß das Werkstück mit einer ausreichenden Axialkraft beaufschlagt wird, um ein Nachgeben des Werkstücks gegenüber dem Lochdorn während dessen Arbeitshubes auszuschließen. Die auf das Werkstück aufzubringende Axialkraft hängt daher unter anderem vom jeweiligen Werkstoff, von der Temperatur und von den Verformungseigenschaften des Werkstücks sowie den Reibungsverhältnissen zwischen dem Lochwerkzeug und dem Werkstück ab.Since, according to these measures, the piercer is advanced against the workpiece during the forging deformation of the workpiece to be returned to the original position between the forging deformations during the axial workpiece feeding synchronously with the workpiece, the workpiece feed depends on the working stroke of the piercer so that the workpiece feed can be selected according to the respective Lochungsbedingungen. The prerequisite is that the workpiece is subjected to a sufficient axial force to prevent yielding of the workpiece relative to the piercer during its working stroke. The axial force to be applied to the workpiece therefore depends, among other things, on the particular material, on the temperature and on the deformation properties of the workpiece as well as on the friction conditions between the hole tool and the workpiece.

Wird das Werkstück vor der Schmiedeverformung auf seiner dem Lochdorn zugekehrten Stirnseite mit einer zentrischen Vertiefung versehen, in die der Lochdorn am Beginn der Schmiedeverformung eingreift, so können bereits im Bereich der dem Lochdorn zugekehrten Stirnseite des Werkstücks Verformungsbedingungen geschaffen werden, die eine rißfreie innere Oberfläche des zu fertigenden Hohlkörpers sicherstellen.If the workpiece is provided with a central depression on the end face facing the piercer before the forging deformation, into which the piercer engages at the beginning of the forging deformation, deformation conditions can already be created in the region of the end face of the workpiece facing the piercer which provide a crack-free inner surface of the workpiece make sure to produce hollow body.

Reicht die mit Hilfe eines Lochdorns im Zusammenwirken mit einem Querschmieden bedingte Werkstückverformung nicht aus, um einen vorgegebenen Lochdurchmesser zu erreichen, so kann der Lochdurchmesser des Werkstücks in aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten jeweils unter einer Schmiedeverformung stufenweise vergrößert werden.If the workpiece deformation caused by a piercer in conjunction with a transverse forging is insufficient to achieve a given hole diameter, the hole diameter of the workpiece can be gradually increased in successive steps each under a forging deformation.

Zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines zylindrischen Hohlkörpers kann von einer Vorrichtung mit wenigstens zwei einander bezüglich des Werkstücks diametral gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeugen, mit einem den Schmiedewerkzeugen in Vorschubrichtung des Werkstücks vorgelagerten Spannkopf, der mit einem axialen Vorschubantrieb und einem Drehantrieb verbunden ist, und mit einem über einen Stelltrieb axial verlagerbaren Lochdorn auf der dem vorgelagerten Spannkopf gegenüberliegenden Seite der Schmiedewerkzeuge ausgegangen werden. Wird bei einer solchen Vorrichtung der den Schmiedewerkzeugen vorgelagerte Spannkopf mit einem stirnseitigen Anschlag für das Werkstück sowie mit einem Preßzylinder für das stirnseitig abgestützte Werkstück versehen, so braucht nur mehr der Lochdorn über seinen Stelltrieb in Abhängigkeit vom Vorschubantrieb des Spannkopfes axial hin- und hergehend verschiebbar ausgeführt zu werden, um bei einer entsprechenden axialen Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks den Lochdorn während des Eingriffs der Schmiedewerkzeuge entgegen der Werkstückvorschubrichtung zwischen den Schmiedewerkzeugen vorzuschieben, um das Werkstück aufgrund der durch den Lochdorn bedingten Druckspannungen und der zugleich im Öffnungssinn des Werkstückkerns wirksamen Zugspannungen zufolge der Schmiedverformung in vorteilhafter Weise zu lochen. Werden die Schmiedewerkzeug außer Eingriff mit dem Werkstück gebracht, so ist das Werkstück mit Hilfe des den Schmiedewerkzeugen vorgelagerten Spannkopfes um einen vorgegebenen Winkel um seine Achse zu drehen und entsprechend dem Arbeitshub des Lochdorns axial gegen die Schmiedewerkzeuge vorzuschieben, wobei mit dem Werkstückvorschub synchron der Lochdorn in seine Ausgangsstellung zurückzubewegen ist, um die Lochung in sich wiederholenden Verformungsschritten fortzusetzen und zu beenden. Es versteht sich wohl von selbst, daß diese Lochung über die Werkstücklänge durchgehen, sich aber auch nur über eine Teillänge erstrecken kann.In order to carry out a method for producing a cylindrical hollow body, it is possible to use a device with at least two forging tools which are diametrically opposed to one another with respect to the workpiece and which have an upstream of the forging tools in the feed direction of the workpiece Clamping head, which is connected to an axial feed drive and a rotary drive, and with a via an actuator axially displaceable piercer on the opposite side of the upstream chuck head of the forging tools are assumed. Is provided in such a device of the forging tools upstream chuck with a frontal stop for the workpiece and with a press cylinder for the frontally supported workpiece, so only needs the piercer over its actuator in response to the feed drive of the clamping head axially reciprocating slidably executed to be at a corresponding axial loading of the workpiece the piercer during the engagement of the forging against the workpiece feed direction between the forging tools to advance the workpiece due to the mandrel caused by the compressive stresses and at the same time effective in the opening direction of the workpiece core tensile stresses due to the forging deformation in an advantageous Way to punch. If the forging tool is disengaged from the workpiece, the workpiece is to be rotated by a predetermined angle about its axis with the aid of the chuck tool and axially advanced according to the working stroke of the punch mandrel against the forging tools, wherein the punch mandrel synchronizes with the workpiece feed its initial position is to move back to continue the perforation in repetitive deformation steps and terminate. It goes without saying that this perforation go through the length of the workpiece, but can extend only over a partial length.

Die axiale Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks kann mit Hilfe des den Schmiedewerkzeugen vorgelagerten Spannkopfes selbst erfolgen, wenn für eine stirnseitige Abstützung des Werkstücks im Spannkopf gesorgt wird und der Preßzylinder am Spannkopf angreift. Günstigere Konstruktionsverhältnisse ergeben sich allerdings, wenn der Preßzylinder am Spannkopf vorgesehen ist und den eine Aufnahmeöffnung für den Lochdorn bildenden, stirnseitigen Anschlag für das Werkstück beaufschlagt. Damit kann der Vorschubantrieb des Spannkopfes vom Preßzylinder getrennt werden, so daß der Hub des Preßzylinders im Vergleich mit dem für den Vorschubantrieb erforderlichen Stellweg klein gehalten werden kann. Zum Vermeiden einer Behinderung der zwischen den Eingriffen der Schmiedewerkzeuge erforderlichen Werkstückdrehung durch die axiale Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks mit Hilfe des Preßzylinders kann der Preßzylinder mit einem Drehantrieb für den stirnseitigen Anschlag verbunden werden, um das Werkstück mit dem stirnseitigen Anschlag synchron zu verdrehen.The axial loading of the workpiece can be done by means of the forging tools upstream clamping head itself, if provided for an end-side support of the workpiece in the chuck and the press cylinder engages the chuck. Cheaper design conditions, however, arise when the press cylinder is provided on the chuck and acts on a receiving opening for the piercer forming, frontal stop for the workpiece. This allows the feed drive of the clamping head be separated from the press cylinder, so that the stroke of the press cylinder can be kept small in comparison with the travel required for the feed drive. To avoid obstruction of the required between the interventions of the forging tools workpiece rotation by the axial loading of the workpiece by means of the press cylinder, the press cylinder can be connected to a rotary drive for the frontal stop to rotate the workpiece synchronously with the frontal stop.

Sind zwei den Schmiedewerkzeugen vor- und nachgeordnete Spannköpfe vorgesehen, was im allgemeinen stets dann erforderlich wird, wenn für die Herstellung eines rohrförmigen Werkstücks die Lochung über die gesamte Werkstücklänge vorgenommen wird, so ist auch der den Schmiedewerkzeugen nachgeordnete Spannkopf mit einem Drehantrieb zu versehen. Muß nämlich beim Lochen des dem vorgelagerten Spannkopf zugekehrten Werkstückendes das Werkstück vom vorgelagerten Spannkopf freigegeben werden, so ist der Werkstückvorschub durch den nachgeordneten Spannkopf sicherzustellen, der mit dem axialen Werkstückvorschub auch die Drehung des Werkstücks vornehmen muß.If two forging tools upstream and downstream clamping heads provided, which is generally always required when the production of a tubular workpiece, the perforation is made over the entire workpiece length, so the forging tools downstream chuck is to be provided with a rotary drive. Must namely when the hole of the upstream clamping head facing workpiece end, the workpiece are released from the upstream chuck, so the workpiece feed is to ensure by the downstream chuck, which must make with the axial workpiece feed and the rotation of the workpiece.

Zur stufenweisen Vergrößerung des Lochdurchmessers kann der Lochdorn ein Lochwerkzeug mit abgestuften Durchmesserabschnitten aufweisen. Der Lochdorn ist dabei entsprechend dem jeweiligen Arbeitsbereich gegenüber den Schmiedewerkzeugen zu positionieren, so daß für jeden Durchmesserabschnitt des Lochwerkzeuges die Kernöffnung durch ein Querschmieden für das Lochen ausgenützt werden kann. Dieses stufenweise Lochen des Werkstücks braucht jedoch nicht auf eine Werkstückdurchlaufrichtung beschränkt zu werden. So ist es durchaus möglich, beide Spannköpfe mit einem Preßzylinder zur stirnseitigen Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks auszurüsten, um das Werkstück in beiden Vorschubrichtungen mit einer entsprechenden Axialkraft beaufschlagen zu können. Der Lochdorn muß in einem solchen Fall den Preßzylinder des zugehörigen Spannkopfes axial durchsetzen. Dieses Lochen in entgegengesetzten Vorschubrichtungen kann mit Hilfe eines einzigen Lochdorns durchgeführt werden, wenn das für die Lochung maßgebende Lochwerkzeug ausgewechselt wird. Es ist aber auch möglich, jedem Spannkopf einen gesonderten Lochdorn zuzuordnen, der dann den jeweiligen Preßzylinder axial durchsetzt.For stepwise enlargement of the hole diameter, the piercer may have a piercing tool with stepped diameter sections. The piercer is to be positioned according to the respective work area opposite the forging tools, so that for each diameter section of the piercing tool, the core opening can be exploited by a transverse forging for punching. However, this stepwise punching of the workpiece need not be limited to a workpiece passing direction. Thus, it is quite possible to equip both clamping heads with a press cylinder for the frontal loading of the workpiece in order to be able to act on the workpiece in both feed directions with a corresponding axial force. The piercer must pass through the pressure cylinder of the associated clamping head axially in such a case. This punching in opposite directions of feed can be performed by means of a single piercing pin when the hole punching tool is replaced. But it is also possible to assign each chuck a separate punch mandrel, which then passes through the respective pressing cylinder axially.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

Anhand der Zeichnung wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren näher erläutert.Reference to the drawing, the inventive method is explained in detail.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines zylindrischen Hohlkörpers in einer schematischen Seitenansicht,
Fig.
2 diese Vorrichtung ausschnittsweise im Bereich der Schmiedewerkzeuge und des diesen Schmiedewerkzeugen vorgelagerten Spannkopfes in einem schematischen Axialschnitt in einem größeren Maßstab und
Fig. 3
eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einem schematischen Axialschnitt ausschnittsweise im Bereich der Schmiedewerkzeuge in einem größeren Maßstab.
Show it
Fig. 1
a device according to the invention for producing a cylindrical hollow body in a schematic side view,
FIG.
2 this device fragmentary in the forging tools and the chuck tools upstream chuck in a schematic axial section on a larger scale and
Fig. 3
a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention in a schematic axial section fragmentary in the field of forging tools on a larger scale.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay to carry out the invention

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung weist Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 in Form von Schmiedehämmern auf, die bezüglich des Werkstücks 2 einander diametral gegenüberliegen. Obwohl lediglich zwei Schmiedewerkzeuge ersichtlich sind, werden im allgemeinen zur Leistungssteigerung zwei zueinander um 90° winkelversetzte Hammerpaare vorgesehen, die abwechselnd betätigt werden. Das Werkstück 2, das in Form eines Rohlings mit vollem Querschnitt angeliefert wird, aber auch bereits rohrförmig ausgebildet sein kann, wird mit Hilfe eines den Schmiedewerkzeugen 1 in Vorschubrichtung 3 des Werkstücks 2 vorgelagerten Spannkopfes 4 geführt. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Spannkopf 4 in einem Gehäuse 5 drehbar gelagert, das einen Drehantrieb 6 für den Spannkopf 4 trägt. Das Gehäuse 5 mit dem Spannkopf 4 ist mittels eines Schlittens 7 über einen Vorschubantrieb 8, vorzugsweise einen Stellzylinder, entlang einer Führung 9 verstellbar. Der Spannkopf 4 weist außerdem einen stirnseitigen Anschlag 10 für das Werkstück 2 auf. Dieser Anschlag 10 wird über die Kolbenstange 11 eines Preßzylinders 12 axial beaufschlagt, der am Gehäuse 5 des Spannkopfes 4 angeflanscht ist. Um das Mitdrehen des im Spannkopf 4 axial verschiebbar gelagerten Anschlages 10 mit dem Spannkopf 4 sicherzustellen, kann ein synchron mit dem Drehantrieb 6 für den Spannkopf 4 ansteuerbarer Drehantrieb 13 für die Kolbenstange 11 vorgesehen werden. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, daß trotz der drehfesten Verbindung die axiale Verschiebbarkeit der Kolbenstange 11 nicht beeinträchtigt wird.The device shown has forging tools 1 in the form of forging hammers, which are diametrically opposed to each other with respect to the workpiece 2. Although only two forging tools are apparent, two mutually offset by 90 ° hammer pairs are generally provided to increase performance, which are operated alternately. The workpiece 2, which is delivered in the form of a blank with a full cross-section, but may also already be tubular, is guided by means of a forging tools 1 in the feed direction 3 of the workpiece 2 upstream clamping head 4. For this purpose, the clamping head 4 is rotatably mounted in a housing 5, which carries a rotary drive 6 for the clamping head 4. The housing 5 with the clamping head 4 is adjustable by means of a carriage 7 via a feed drive 8, preferably a positioning cylinder, along a guide 9. The clamping head 4 also has an end stop 10 for the workpiece 2. This stop 10 is acted upon axially via the piston rod 11 of a compression cylinder 12, which is flanged to the housing 5 of the clamping head 4. In order to ensure the co-rotation of the clamping head 4 axially slidably mounted stop 10 with the clamping head 4, a synchronously with the rotary drive 6 for the clamping head 4 controllable rotary drive 13 can be provided for the piston rod 11. It is important to ensure that despite the rotationally fixed connection, the axial displaceability of the piston rod 11 is not affected.

Wie insbesondere aus der Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, ist den Schmiedewerkzeugen 1 ein weiterer Spannkopf 14 nachgeordneten, der ebenfalls in einem Gehäuse 15 drehbar gelagert ist und über einen Drehantrieb 16 angetrieben wird. In analoger Weise wird der Spannkopf 14 mit dem Gehäuse 15 über einen Schlitten 17 gelagert, der von einem Vorschubantrieb 18 entlang einer Führung 19 verfahren werden kann. Der hohl ausgebildete Spannkopf 14 wird jedoch von einem Lochdorn 20 durchsetzt, der über einen Stelltrieb 21 in Abhängigkeit vom Werkstückvorschub hin- und hergehend angetrieben werden kann. Das Lochwerkzeug 22 des Lochdorns 20, das in den Bereich der Schmiedeverformungen des Werkstücks 2 zwischen die Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 ragt, weist ein sich verjüngendes Ende 23 und einen daran anschließenden, zylindrischen Kalibrierabschnitt 24 auf, so daß das Lochen und das Kalibrieren in einem Arbeitsgang vorgenommen werden kann.As in particular from the Fig. 1 it can be seen, the blacksmith tools 1, a further clamping head 14 downstream, which is also rotatably mounted in a housing 15 and is driven by a rotary drive 16. In an analogous manner, the clamping head 14 is mounted with the housing 15 via a carriage 17 which can be moved by a feed drive 18 along a guide 19. However, the hollow clamping head 14 is penetrated by a piercer 20, which can be driven back and forth via an actuator 21 in response to the workpiece feed. The piercing tool 22 of the piercer 20, which projects into the region of the forging deformations of the workpiece 2 between the forging tools 1, has a tapered end 23 and a subsequent, cylindrical calibration section 24, so that the punching and calibrating are performed in one operation can.

Um den Einstich des Lochwerkzeuges 22 in die einlaufseitige Stirnseite des Werkstücks 2 zu erleichtern und Rißbildungen am Beginn der Lochung zu vermeiden, wird das Werkstück 2 vor dem eigentlichen Lochvorgang mit einer zentrischen Vertiefung 25 versehen, die vor dem Einspannen des Werkstücks 2 gebohrt, aber auch nach dem Einspannen durch das Lochwerkzeug 22 selbst oder ein in die Maschinenmitte positionierbares spezielles Werkzeug hergestellt werden kann.In order to facilitate the puncture of the perforating tool 22 in the inlet-side end side of the workpiece 2 and to avoid cracking at the beginning of the perforation, the workpiece 2 is provided before the actual piercing process with a central recess 25 which drilled before clamping the workpiece 2, but also after clamping by the punch 22 itself or a positionable in the center of the machine special tool can be made.

Zum Lochen wird das Werkstück 2 in den Zeitspannen, in denen es von den Schmiedewerkzeugen 1 freigegeben wird, mit Hilfe des Vorschubantriebes 8 schrittweise durch die Schmiedeeinrichtung bewegt und gleichzeitig mit Hilfe des Drehantriebs 6 um einen vorgegebenen Winkelschritt um seine Achse gedreht. Die nach diesen Vorschubbewegungen über die Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 durchgeführten Schmiedeverformungen bedingen im Kern des Werkstücks 2 Zugspannungen, die im Öffnungssinn auf den Kern wirken und die vom Lochwerkzeug 22 herrührenden Druckspannungen unterstützen, so daß die Lochung des Werkstücks 2 über den Lochdorn 20 mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Kraftaufwand vorgenommen werden kann. Um einen größeren Durchsatz sicherzustellen, wird der Lochdorn 20 während der Schmiedeverformung des Werkstücks 2 zwischen die Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 entgegen der Vorschubrichtung 3 des Werkstücks 2 vorgeschoben, wobei das Werkstück 2 mit einer entsprechenden Preßkraft in Vorschubrichtung 3 durch den Preßzylinder 12 beaufschlagt wird. Während der Vorschubbewegung des Werkstücks 2 zwischen den Schmiedeverformungen wird der Lochdorn 20 über den Stellzylinder 21 synchron mit dem Vorschubantrieb 8 in seine Ausgangslage zurückgestellt, um bei der darauffolgenden Schmiedeverformung wieder entgegen der Vorschubrichtung 3 gegen das Werkstück 2 vorgeschoben zu werden. Wird das Werkstück 2 über seine gesamte axiale Erstreckung gelocht, so kann der Werkstückvorschub in axialer Richtung und in Umfangsrichtung nicht mehr durch den den Schmiedewerkzeugen 1 vorgelagerten Spannkopf 4 durchgeführt werden, sobald das diesem Spannkopf 4 zugeordnete Werkstückende bearbeitet wird. In diesem Fall übernimmt der gegenüberliegende Spannkopf 14 die Vorschubbewegungen sowohl in axialer als auch in Umfangsrichtung. Die Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks 2 über den Preßzylinder 12 des Spannkopfes 4 bleibt jedoch aufrecht. Der stirnseitige Anschlag 10 für das Werkstück 2 ist mit einer Aufnahmeöffnung 26 für das Lochwerkzeug 22 versehen, so daß die Werkstückabstützung über den Preßzylinder 12 durchgehend gesichert ist.For punching the workpiece 2 is in the periods in which it is released by the forging tools 1, by means of the feed drive 8 gradually moved through the forging and simultaneously rotated by means of the rotary drive 6 by a predetermined angular pitch about its axis. The Schmiedewerkungen carried out after these feed movements on the forging tools 1 in the core of the workpiece 2 tensile stresses acting in the opening direction on the core and support originating from the punch 22 compressive stresses, so that the perforation of the workpiece 2 on the piercer 20 with a comparatively low effort can be made. In order to ensure a larger throughput, the piercing mandrel 20 is advanced during the forging deformation of the workpiece 2 between the forging tools 1 against the feed direction 3 of the workpiece 2, wherein the workpiece 2 is acted upon by a corresponding pressing force in the feed direction 3 by the pressing cylinder 12. During the advancing movement of the workpiece 2 between the forging deformations, the piercing mandrel 20 is returned to its starting position synchronously with the advancing drive 8 via the adjusting cylinder 21, in order to be advanced against the advancing direction 3 against the workpiece 2 during the subsequent forging deformation. If the workpiece 2 is punched over its entire axial extension, the workpiece feed in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction can no longer be performed by the chucking tools 1 upstream clamping head 4, as soon as this chuck 4 associated workpiece end is processed. In this case, the opposite clamping head 14 takes over the feed movements both in the axial and in the circumferential direction. However, the loading of the workpiece 2 via the pressing cylinder 12 of the clamping head 4 remains upright. The frontal stop 10 for the workpiece 2 is provided with a receiving opening 26 for the punching tool 22, so that the workpiece support is secured throughout the pressing cylinder 12.

Reicht die mit einem Durchmesser des Lochwerkzeuges 22 erreichbare Lochweite nicht aus, so kann das Werkstück 2 stufenweise bearbeitet werden. Eine solche Bearbeitung mit Hilfe eines Lochdorns 20, dessen Lochwerkzeug 22 zwei abgestufte Durchmesserabschnitte 27, 28 aufweist, ist in der Fig. 3 dargestellt. Nachdem das Werkstück 2 entsprechend dem kleineren Durchmesserabschnitt 27 gelocht wurde, wird die vorhandene Lochung mit Hilfe des größeren Durchmesserabschnittes 28 aufgeweitet, und zwar wiederum unter einer gleichzeitigen Schmiedeverformung, so daß die durch diese Schmiedeverformung wirksamen Zugspannungen vorteilhaft für den Lochvorgang genützt werden können. Um die Aufweitung der Lochung vorzunehmen, ist der Lochdorn 20 mittels des Stelltriebes 21 so zu verlagern, daß der Durchmesserabschnitt 28 des Lochwerkzeuges 22 im Bereich der Schmiedeverformungen des Werkstücks 2 durch die Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 zu liegen kommt.If the hole width achievable with a diameter of the perforating tool 22 is insufficient, the workpiece 2 can be processed stepwise. A Such machining by means of a piercer 20, the perforating tool 22 has two stepped diameter portions 27, 28 is in the Fig. 3 shown. After the workpiece 2 has been punched corresponding to the smaller diameter portion 27, the existing hole is widened by means of the larger diameter portion 28, again with a simultaneous forging deformation, so that the tensile stresses effective by this forging deformation can be advantageously used for the hole process. In order to make the widening of the perforation, the piercing mandrel 20 is to be displaced by means of the actuating drive 21 so that the diameter section 28 of the piercing tool 22 comes to rest in the region of the forging deformations of the workpiece 2 by the forging tools 1.

Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Es kommt ja lediglich auf eine entsprechende axiale Beaufschlagung des Werkstücks während des Arbeitshubes des Lochdorns 20 an, wobei der Arbeitshub während der Schmiedeverformung durchgeführt wird. Die Schmiedeverformung kann durch Schmiedehämmer, aber auch durch Schmiedepressen erfolgen. Das Werkstück 2 kann außerdem in der geschilderten Weise sowohl warm-, halbwarm-, aber auch kaltverformt werden. In besonderen Fällen können außerdem die Schmiedewerkzeuge so angesteuert werden, daß sie nach einer Lochung des Werkstückes von einer kernlockernden auf eine gleichzeitige, kernverdichtende Schlagfolge umgeschaltet werden. Der Lochdorn 20 selbst kann undrehbar gehalten werden, sich aber auch mit dem Werkstück drehen oder zusätzlich gegenüber dem Werkstück drehend angetrieben werden.The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiments. It depends only on a corresponding axial loading of the workpiece during the working stroke of the piercer 20, wherein the working stroke is performed during the forging deformation. The forging deformation can be done by forging hammers, but also by forging presses. The workpiece 2 can also be described in the manner described both hot, semi-warm, but also cold-formed. In special cases, the forging tools can also be controlled so that they are switched after a punching of the workpiece from a nucleating to a simultaneous, nuclear compressing impact sequence. The perforated mandrel 20 itself can be held non-rotatably, but also rotate with the workpiece or are additionally driven to rotate with respect to the workpiece.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for producing a cylindrical hollow body from a blank, wherein the workpiece (2) is opened in the core region by successive forging deformations, which are angularly offset with respect to each other about the axis of the workpiece, and is simultaneously slid onto a piercer (20), characterised in that the workpiece (2) is pressed during the forging deformations with a predeterminable axial force against the piercer (20) which can be displaced against the workpiece (2) against this axial force, which piercer is moved back to its initial position in a synchronous manner with the axial feed of the workpiece between the successive forging deformations.
  2. Method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that prior to the forging deformation the workpiece is provided with a centric depression on its end side facing the piercer.
  3. Method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the bore diameter of the workpiece is increased in a graduated manner in each case in successive steps under a forging deformation.
  4. Apparatus for implementing the method for producing a cylindrical hollow body as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 having at least two forging tools (1) which are diametrically opposite one another in relation to the workpiece, having a chuck head (4) disposed upstream of the forging tools in the feed direction of the workpiece and connected to an axial feed drive (8) and a rotary drive (6), and having a piercer (20), which can be axially displaced via an actuator (21), on the side of the forging tools (1) opposite the upstream chuck head (4), characterised in that the chuck head (4) upstream of the forging tools (1) comprises an end-side stop (10) for the workpiece (2) as well as a pressing cylinder (12) for the workpiece (2) supported on the end-side, and in that the piercer (20) can be axially displaced in a reciprocal manner via its actuator (21) in dependence upon the feed drive (8) of the chuck head (4).
  5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the pressing cylinder (12) is allocated to the chuck head (4) and influences the end-side stop (10) for the workpiece (2), which stop forms a receiving opening (26) for the piercer (20).
  6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the pressing cylinder (12) is connected to a rotary drive (13) for the end-side stop (10).
  7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the piercer (20) comprises a piercing tool (22) having graduated diameter sections (27, 28).
  8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 4 to 7, having a chuck head which is disposed downstream of the forging tools, is connected to a feed drive for the workpiece and is penetrated by the piercer, characterised in that the two chuck heads (4, 14) are equipped with a pressing cylinder (12) for influencing the workpiece (2) on the end-side and the piercer (20) penetrates the pressing cylinder (12) of the associated chuck head (4, 14).
  9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, characterised in that a piercer (20) penetrating the associated pressing cylinder (12) is allocated to the two chuck heads (4, 14).
EP04802020A 2003-12-30 2004-12-28 Method and device for the production of a hollow cylinder from a blank Active EP1699580B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0209703A AT501152B8 (en) 2003-12-30 2003-12-30 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A CYLINDRICAL HOLLOW BODY FROM A BOARD
PCT/AT2004/000458 WO2005063421A1 (en) 2003-12-30 2004-12-28 Method and device for the production of a hollow cylinder from a blank

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EP1699580A1 EP1699580A1 (en) 2006-09-13
EP1699580B1 true EP1699580B1 (en) 2010-04-21

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EP (1) EP1699580B1 (en)
AT (2) AT501152B8 (en)
DE (1) DE502004011081D1 (en)
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ATE165025T1 (en) * 1995-01-13 1998-05-15 Gfm Fertigungstechnik METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HOLLOW PROFILE

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US20070186604A1 (en) 2007-08-16
AT501152A4 (en) 2006-07-15
AT501152B1 (en) 2006-07-15
ATE464960T1 (en) 2010-05-15
RU2347641C2 (en) 2009-02-27
DE502004011081D1 (en) 2010-06-02
RU2006127418A (en) 2008-02-10
WO2005063421A1 (en) 2005-07-14
ES2343839T3 (en) 2010-08-11
US7434434B2 (en) 2008-10-14
AT501152B8 (en) 2007-02-15
EP1699580A1 (en) 2006-09-13

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