EP1986801B1 - Method and device for producing a cutout or aperture in the wall of a component formed according to the hydroforming process - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a cutout or aperture in the wall of a component formed according to the hydroforming process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1986801B1
EP1986801B1 EP07702923A EP07702923A EP1986801B1 EP 1986801 B1 EP1986801 B1 EP 1986801B1 EP 07702923 A EP07702923 A EP 07702923A EP 07702923 A EP07702923 A EP 07702923A EP 1986801 B1 EP1986801 B1 EP 1986801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
punch
wall
forming
die
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EP07702923A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1986801A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Wilhelm
Clemens Haller
Manfred Helm
Isaak Abramov
August Wilhelm Schäfer
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Sitech Sitztechnik GmbH
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Sitech Sitztechnik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/28—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in tubes or other hollow bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/035—Deforming tubular bodies including an additional treatment performed by fluid pressure, e.g. perforating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 7 for producing a cutout or breakthrough in the wall of a formed by the hydroforming process component, such as hollow body, which is still in the forming tool with subsequent fine machining of the surface.
  • a device or method is known from DE 103 28 452 B1 known.
  • hydroforming known which allow the cutting out of cutouts from component walls from the outside inwards, as shown in the DE 43 22 063 C2 is described.
  • This known method is carried out with the aid of an externally acting on the outer surface of the tool punch such that the cut is first precut at maximum internal pressure to a residual wall thickness and then cut at a reduced internal pressure.
  • breakthroughs or cutouts can also be carried out from the inside out ( DE 1 552 122 A1 ), in that the wall is broken or cut out by increasing the internal pressure into a tool recess, it being possible for an outwardly displaceable support punch to be provided in the tool recess.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and an apparatus of the aforementioned type, which avoids the difficulties outlined above and in which the measures described above or the like unnecessary.
  • the stated object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned in that initially the wall of the stored in the forming tool and fixed by sealing stamp and positioned starting workpiece is suddenly precut with the aid of a punch puncture to a residual wall thickness. This is the abrupt. Effect of the punch realized by a distance between the upper part of the punch and Hydrozylindem. This distance serves to avoid the acceleration section of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the punch moves to the outer surface of the tool ges back.
  • the sealing dies push the starting piece into a new position to compensate for a change in shape of the starting workpiece, ie elongation in the hydroforming, and to accurately position the precut area, ie the predetermined breaking point relative to the punch.
  • the internal pressure increases, and during the forming process
  • the cutting process of the cutouts from the component is carried out according to known methods described above, from outside to inside and / or from inside to outside.
  • the pre-cut part of the wall of the component ie the predetermined breaking point previously generated by the embossing edge of the punch, easily and cleanly separated by sudden urid / or multiple movements of the punch between the lower and upper dead centers.
  • a complete substructure is carried out by the above-described non-cutting shaping in order to prevent inclination, edge and ridge formation of the cut and to bring in a certain shape contour having breakthroughs or cutouts.
  • This operation is realized by means of axial movements of the workpiece by means of the sealing ram and vertical movements of the punch, which has a corresponding engraving in its front and / or side surface.
  • a fine machining of the surface of the component is performed.
  • This fine machining of the surface of the component is realized during the removal process from the tool by cold drawing of the workpiece by a drawing ring mounted in the tool by means of simultaneous axial displacement and rotation of the workpiece by the sealing punch.
  • the combined internal high pressure and non-cutting shaping method according to the invention makes it possible to perform any breakthroughs and cutouts on the workpiece and a fine machining of the surface of the component with high accuracy in a single combined forming, punching, bending, Einsenk-, Ziehräumwerkmaschine.
  • this method can be carried out by appropriate joint control of the internal high pressure, the feed, dead play and the speed of the punch, the Nachschiebung and axial position of the output piece and the axial feed, the shift and rotation of the workpiece practically in one operation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an apparatus for performing the method
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of such a device in a starting position at the beginning of the process.
  • the device or the tool has a tool 1, in which the workpiece 2, in particular a holding tube for a headrest of vehicle seats is inserted.
  • the workpiece 2 is acted upon by sealing stamps 3, 4 end.
  • Via an opening 5 the fluid for performing the hydroforming can be introduced into the hollow workpiece 2.
  • the openings or cutouts in the wall of the workpiece 2 are introduced by means of punch punches 8, 10, act on the hydraulic cylinder 6, 7.
  • the punches are held by yokes 9, 11 with bearing areas 12, 14, which are adjustable in height adjustable.
  • a die 17 or a drawing ring is arranged on the side of the tool on which the workpiece is introduced or removed. Furthermore, one or two part-circular grooves 22 are introduced into the punches 8, 10, which serve to edge straightening of the introduced apertures or cutouts.
  • Fig. 3 . 6 . 11 . 14 and 19 show the different stages of work.
  • the workpiece 2 positioned by the sealing rams 3 is pre-cut by the punches 8, 10 in an impact-like or jerky manner.
  • the punch 10 which then causes a complete cutout, the yoke 11 is further extended, so that there is a smaller distance ⁇ 1 .
  • a shock is stopped by hitting a vertical plate on the abutment 13, as in Fig. 3 is clarified.
  • the 4 and 5 show enlargements. The impact introduces a pre-damage into the material.
  • the active fluid is pumped into the interior of the workpiece 2, after the punches 8, 10 have been withdrawn to the outer surface of the tool. Since it comes to an expansion of the material during the actual hydroforming, the workpiece 2 is previously brought by axial displacement of the sealing dies 3, 4 in a position which positions exactly the predetermined breaking point to the respective punch ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the Fig. 7-10 illustrate the subsequent cutting process under the influence of the internal high pressure. There is the possibility that the displaceable punch from the outside to the inside ( Fig. 8, 9 ) or from inside to outside ( Fig. 7, 10th ). In hydroforming, the wall of the workpiece 2 abuts against the inside 24, 25 of the tool. Cutting edges 26, 27 are formed on the cutouts or averages.
  • a subsequent process step which serves the edge aftertreatment or to introduce breakthroughs or cutouts with a certain shape contour.
  • the punch 8, 10 with the cut sheet 28 or formed sheet metal portion 31 is further guided in the direction of travel in the tool, so that the edge portions 29, 30 of the cutouts or openings are aligned with the engraved groove 22 in the punch head.
  • the sealing rams 3, 4 are moved axially and in this way the possibly deformed by the cutting process edges straightened by the forced movement into the grooves 22.
  • Such a reciprocation and the effects of straightening the edge portions (29, 30, 32) are from the Fig. 14-18 seen.
  • the surface calibration is then followed by a drawing process.
  • the formed workpiece 2 is pulled through the die 17 under preferably simultaneous rotations and, due to the drawing ring, is straightened with regard to its mantle surface 33.
  • the process sequence is finally with the help of Fig. 21-27 shown.
  • the workpiece 2 is received by the sealing dies 3, 4 and positioned by axial movement in the tool.
  • puncture acting punch 8, 10 a pre-damage is introduced into the wall.
  • increasing the internal pressure then follows by sudden and / or multiple movement of the punch the actual cut or average.
  • they are forced by axial movement of the workpiece in an engraved groove 22 in the punch. This is followed by the calibration process with subsequent removal of the workpiece.
  • Fig. 28 shows the velocities of the respective punch, as they result from the individual distances ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 between the upper part of the punch and the hydraulic cylinders.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing a cutout or aperture in the wall of a component formed according to the hydroforming process, for example a hollow body which is located in the forming tool (1), by means of a punch (8, 10) which is displaceable from outside to inside or from inside to outside and which is pressed into the wall of the hollow body. In order to carry out a cutting process in the tool, it is proposed that the wall of the initial workpiece or workpiece mounted in the forming tool (1) and fixed and positioned preferably with sealing plungers (3, 4) first of all be precut abruptly by means of the punch (8, 10) except for a residual wall thickness. The forming process is combined with processes of chipless forming for processing the apertures and cutouts and with finishing, which take place in the tool. Furthermore, a corresponding device is proposed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7 zum Herstellen-eines Ausschnittes oder Durchbruchs in der Wandung eines nach dem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren ausgebildeten Bauteils, beispielsweise Hohlkörpers, der sich noch im Umformwerkzeug befindet, mit sich anschließender Feinbearbeitung der Oberfläche. Eine solche Vorrichtung bzw. Verfahren ist aus der DE 103 28 452 B1 bekannt.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 7 for producing a cutout or breakthrough in the wall of a formed by the hydroforming process component, such as hollow body, which is still in the forming tool with subsequent fine machining of the surface. Such a device or method is known from DE 103 28 452 B1 known.

Es sind Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren bekannt, die das Ausschneiden von Ausschnitten aus Bauteilwandungen von außen nach innen ermöglichen, wie dies in der DE 43 22 063 C2 beschrieben ist. Dieses bekannte Verfahren wird mit Hilfe eines von außen an der Mantelfläche des Werkzeuges angreifenden Lochstempels derart vorgenommen, dass der Ausschnitt zunächst bei maximalem Innendruck bis auf eine Restwandungsdicke vorgeschnitten und anschließend bei verringertem Innendruck ausgeschnitten wird.There are hydroforming known, which allow the cutting out of cutouts from component walls from the outside inwards, as shown in the DE 43 22 063 C2 is described. This known method is carried out with the aid of an externally acting on the outer surface of the tool punch such that the cut is first precut at maximum internal pressure to a residual wall thickness and then cut at a reduced internal pressure.

Das Erzeugen von Durchbrüchen oder Ausschnitten kann aber auch von innen nach außen durchgeführt werden ( DE 1 552 122 A1 ), indem die Wandung durch Erhöhung des Innendruckes in eine Werkzeugausnehmung hinein durchbrochen bzw. ausgeschnitten wird, wobei in der Werkzeugausnehmung ein nach außen verschiebbarer Stützstempel vorgesehen sein kann.The creation of breakthroughs or cutouts can also be carried out from the inside out ( DE 1 552 122 A1 ), in that the wall is broken or cut out by increasing the internal pressure into a tool recess, it being possible for an outwardly displaceable support punch to be provided in the tool recess.

Bei den bekannten derartigen Verfahren kommt es beim Ausschneiden eines Ausschnittes zu einem Nachfließen des Werkstoffs, d.h. zur Veränderung der Wandoberfläche, des Bauteils, z. B. zur Neigung und Franse der Kante im Bereich um den Ausschnitt herum.In the known methods of this type, when a cutout is cut out, the material flows after it has flowed over, ie. for changing the wall surface, the component, z. B. for inclination and fringe of the edge in the area around the cutout.

Im Stand der Technik sind eine Reihe von Möglichkeiten durch spanlose Formung im kalten Zustand bekannt (Stanzen, Biegen, Pressen. Schneiden, Lochen, Ziehen usw.), um Durchbrüche oder Ausschnitte, die eine bestimmte Formkontur aufweisen, einzubringen sowie engere Wanddicken- und Querschnitttoleranzen und bessere Oberflächengüten des Bauteils zu erzielen.In the prior art, a number of possibilities are known by chipless forming in the cold state (stamping, bending, pressing, cutting, punching, drawing, etc.) to bring in breakthroughs or cutouts that have a certain shape contour and tighter wall thickness and cross-sectional tolerances and to achieve better surface qualities of the component.

Aus der DE 103 28 452 B1 ist ferner ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Loches am Außenumfang eines Hohlprofils bekannt geworden. Hier wird ein Verfahren bzw. eine Vorrichtung aufgezeigt, mit dem bzw. der ein Lochen von Hohlprofilen in einem Innenhochdruckformwerkzeug an nahezu jeder beliebigen Stelle in einfacher Weise ermöglicht wird. Hierzu wird insbesondere vorgeschlagen, dass der Stempel in der Führungsbohrung des Umformwerkzeuges unter Zusammenwirkung des Innenhochdrucks mit einem Antriebsglied bewegt wird. Insofern findet hier ein spanloses Formen des Bauteils oder Teile des Bauteils ausschließlich nach oder allenfalls während des Innenhochdruckformens statt. Bei einer derartigen Vorgehensweise kann es vorkommen, dass Durchbrüche oder Ausschnitte, die eine bestimmte Formkontur aufweisen, nur mit geringer Genauigkeit ausgeschnitten und geformt werden können.From the DE 103 28 452 B1 Furthermore, a method and a device for producing a hole on the outer circumference of a hollow profile has become known. Here, a method and a device is shown with the or a hollow holes in a hydroforming mold at almost any point in a simple manner is made possible. For this purpose, it is particularly proposed that the punch in the guide bore of the forming tool is moved with the cooperation of the internal high pressure with a drive member. In this respect, non-cutting shaping of the component or parts of the component takes place exclusively after or at most during hydroforming. In such an approach, it may happen that breakthroughs or cutouts that have a certain shape contour can be cut and shaped only with low accuracy.

Die Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der vorgenannten Art zu schaffen, mit denen die oben dargelegten Schwierigkeiten vermieden und bei denen sich auch die vorstehend beschriebenen Maßnahmen oder ähnliche erübrigen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and an apparatus of the aforementioned type, which avoids the difficulties outlined above and in which the measures described above or the like unnecessary.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie einer Vorrichtung gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 7 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method according to the features of patent claim 1 and a device according to the features of patent claim 7.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass zunächst die Wandung des im Umformwerkzeug gelagerten und durch Dichtstempel fixierten und positionierten Ausgangswerkstücks mit Hilfe eines Lochstempel schlagartig bis auf eine Restwanddicke vorgeschnitten wird. Dabei wird die schlagartig. Einwirkung des Lochstempels durch einen Abstand zwischen dem oberen Teil des Lochstempels und Hydrozylindem realisiert. Dieser Abstand dient zur Vermeidung der Beschleunigungsstrecke des Hydrozylinders.The stated object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned in that initially the wall of the stored in the forming tool and fixed by sealing stamp and positioned starting workpiece is suddenly precut with the aid of a punch puncture to a residual wall thickness. This is the abrupt. Effect of the punch realized by a distance between the upper part of the punch and Hydrozylindem. This distance serves to avoid the acceleration section of the hydraulic cylinder.

Es wird erreicht, dass aus der Wandung eines nach dem Innenhochdruck-Umformverfahren hergestellten Bauteils, beispielsweise Hohlkörpers, bei noch im Umformwerkzeug befindlichem Hohlkörper, Durchbrüche oder Ausschnitte, die eine bestimmte Formkontur aufweisen, mit hoher Genauigkeit ausgeschnitten und geformt werden und dass die Oberfläche des Bauteils feinbearbeitet wird. Bisher war dies nur in einem getrennten Arbeitsgang außerhalb des Innenhochdruck-Umformwerkzeuges möglich.It is achieved that are cut and shaped with high accuracy from the wall of a produced by the internal high pressure forming process component, for example, hollow body, still in the forming befindlichem hollow body, openings or cutouts that have a certain shape contour and that the surface of the component is finished. So far, this was only possible in a separate operation outside the hydroforming forming tool.

In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt zieht sich der Lochstempel zu Mantelfläche des Werkzeug ges zurück. Die Dichtstempel schieben das Ausgangsstück in eine neue Position, um eine Formänderung des Ausgangswerkstücks, d. h. Dehnung bei der Innenhochdruck-Umformung, zu kompensieren und den vorgeschnittenen Bereich, d.h. die Sollbruchstelle relativ zum Lochstempel, genau zu positionieren. Dann steigt der Innendruck, und während des Umformprozesses wird der Schneidprozess der Ausschnitte aus dem Bauteil nach bekannten, vorstehend beschriebenen, Verfahren von außen nach innen und/oder von innen nach außen durchgeführt. Dabei wird der vorgeschnittene Teil der Wandung des Bauteils, d. h. die vorher mittels der Prägekante des Lochstempels erzeugte Sollbruchstelle, durch schlagartige urid/oder multiple Bewegungen des Lochstempels zwischen den unteren und oberen Todpunkten leicht und sauber abgetrennt.In a further method step, the punch moves to the outer surface of the tool ges back. The sealing dies push the starting piece into a new position to compensate for a change in shape of the starting workpiece, ie elongation in the hydroforming, and to accurately position the precut area, ie the predetermined breaking point relative to the punch. Then the internal pressure increases, and during the forming process The cutting process of the cutouts from the component is carried out according to known methods described above, from outside to inside and / or from inside to outside. In this case, the pre-cut part of the wall of the component, ie the predetermined breaking point previously generated by the embossing edge of the punch, easily and cleanly separated by sudden urid / or multiple movements of the punch between the lower and upper dead centers.

Nach der Senkung des Innendrucks wird durch vorstehend beschriebene spanlose Formung eine vollständige Unterbauung durchgeführt, um Neigung, Rand- und Gratbildung des Schnittes zu verhindern und eine bestimmte Formkontur aufweisende Durchbrüche oder Ausschnitte einzubringen. Dieser Arbeitsgang wird mit Hilfe von axialen Bewegungen des Werkstückes mittels der Dichtstempel und vertikaler Bewegungen des Lochstempels, der eine entsprechende Gravur in seiner Stirn- und/oder Seiten-Oberfläche hat, realisiert.After lowering the internal pressure, a complete substructure is carried out by the above-described non-cutting shaping in order to prevent inclination, edge and ridge formation of the cut and to bring in a certain shape contour having breakthroughs or cutouts. This operation is realized by means of axial movements of the workpiece by means of the sealing ram and vertical movements of the punch, which has a corresponding engraving in its front and / or side surface.

In einem letzten Arbeitsgang wird eine Feinbearbeitung der Oberfläche des Bauteils durchgeführt. Diese Feinbearbeitung der Oberfläche des Bauteils wird beim Entnahmeprozess aus dem Werkzeug durch ein Kaltziehen des Werkstückes durch eine in das Werkzeug angebauten Ziehring mittels gleichzeitiger axialer Schiebung und Drehung des Werkstückes durch die Dichtstempel realisiert.In a final operation, a fine machining of the surface of the component is performed. This fine machining of the surface of the component is realized during the removal process from the tool by cold drawing of the workpiece by a drawing ring mounted in the tool by means of simultaneous axial displacement and rotation of the workpiece by the sealing punch.

Das erfindungsgemäße kombinierte Innenhochdruck- und spanlose Formungsverfahren erlaubt es, beliebige Durchbrüche und Ausschnitte am Werkstück und eine Feinbearbeitung der Oberfläche des Bauteils mit hoher Genauigkeit in einem einzigen kombinierten Umform, Stanz-, Bieg-, Einsenk-, Ziehräumwerkzeug durchzuführen. Dabei kann dieses Verfahren durch entsprechende gemeinsame Steuerung des Innenhochdrucks, des Vorschubes, des toten Spiels und der Geschwindigkeit des Lochstempels, der Nachschiebung und axialen Position des Ausgangsstückes und des axialen Vorschubes, der Schiebung und Drehung des Werkstücks praktisch auch in einem Arbeitsgang durchgeführt werden.The combined internal high pressure and non-cutting shaping method according to the invention makes it possible to perform any breakthroughs and cutouts on the workpiece and a fine machining of the surface of the component with high accuracy in a single combined forming, punching, bending, Einsenk-, Ziehräumwerkzeug. In this case, this method can be carried out by appropriate joint control of the internal high pressure, the feed, dead play and the speed of the punch, the Nachschiebung and axial position of the output piece and the axial feed, the shift and rotation of the workpiece practically in one operation.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchfüh- rung des Verfahrens;
Fig. 2
eine Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2;
Fig. 3, 6, 11, 14 und 19
Längsschnitte durch die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in ver- schiedenen Arbeitsstufen;
Fig. 13
eine Detaildarstellung "I" gemäß Fig. 11
Fig. 20
eine Detaildarstellung "M" gemäß Fig. 19
Fig. 21 - 26
eine Verfahrensabfolge des erfindungsgemäßen Verfah- rens mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18
die vergrößerten Teillängsschnitte durch die Vorrichtung in verschiedenen Arbeitsstufen;
Fig. 5
ein vergrößerter Teilquerschnitt durch die Vorrichtung;
Fig. 27
ein die Funktionsweise der Vorrichtung erläuterndes Dia- gramm.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a device for carrying out the method;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the device according to Fig. 2 ;
FIGS. 3, 6, 11, 14 and 19
Longitudinal sections through the device after Fig. 1 in different stages of work;
Fig. 13
a detailed representation "I" according to Fig. 11
Fig. 20
a detailed representation "M" according to Fig. 19
Fig. 21 - 26
a process sequence of the method according to the invention with the device according to the invention;
4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18
the enlarged partial longitudinal sections through the device in different stages of work;
Fig. 5
an enlarged partial cross section through the device;
Fig. 27
a diagram explaining the operation of the device.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, während Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt einer solchen Vorrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung zu Beginn des Verfahrens zeigt. Die Vorrichtung oder das Werkzeug weist ein Werkzeug 1 auf, in das das Werkstück 2, insbesondere ein Halteröhrchen für eine Kopfstütze von Fahrzeugsitzen eingelegt ist. Das Werkstück 2 wird endseitig von Dichtstempeln 3, 4 beaufschlagt. Über eine Öffnung 5 kann das Fluid zur Durchführung der Innenhochdruckumformung in das hohle Werkstück 2 eingebracht werden. Die Durchbrüche oder Ausschnitte in der Wandung des Werkstücks 2 werden mittels Lochstempeln 8, 10 eingebracht, auf die Hydraulikzylinder 6, 7 wirken. Die Lochstempel werden von Jochen 9, 11 mit Auflagebereichen 12, 14 gehalten, die in ihrer Höhe veränderbar einstellbar sind. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich unterschiedliche Abstände Δ1, Δ2 zu den Hydraulikzylindern 6, 7. Die Höheneinstellung wird mittels eines verstellbaren Jochfußes 14, 16 erreicht. Über ebenfalls höhenverstellbare Widerlager 13, 15 ist die Bewegung des Jochs 9, 11 und damit des Lochstempels 8, 10 nach unten begrenzt. Jochfuß 14, 16 und Widerlager 13, 15 sind auf einer Kolbenplatte 18, 20 gelagert, die mittels eines hydraulisches Fluids 19, 21 höhenverstellbar ist. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an apparatus for performing the method, while Fig. 2 shows a cross section of such a device in a starting position at the beginning of the process. The device or the tool has a tool 1, in which the workpiece 2, in particular a holding tube for a headrest of vehicle seats is inserted. The workpiece 2 is acted upon by sealing stamps 3, 4 end. Via an opening 5, the fluid for performing the hydroforming can be introduced into the hollow workpiece 2. The openings or cutouts in the wall of the workpiece 2 are introduced by means of punch punches 8, 10, act on the hydraulic cylinder 6, 7. The punches are held by yokes 9, 11 with bearing areas 12, 14, which are adjustable in height adjustable. This results in different distances Δ 1 , Δ 2 to the hydraulic cylinders 6, 7. The height adjustment is achieved by means of an adjustable Jochfußes 14, 16. About likewise height-adjustable abutment 13, 15, the movement of the yoke 9, 11 and thus of the punch 8, 10 is limited downwards. Jochfuß 14, 16 and abutments 13, 15 are mounted on a piston plate 18, 20, which is height adjustable by means of a hydraulic fluid 19, 21.

Zur Feinbearbeitung des Werkstücks 2 im Werkzeug ist auf der Seite des Werkzeugs, auf der das Werkstück eingebracht bzw. entnommen wird, eine Matrize 17 bzw. ein Ziehring angeordnet. Des Weiteren sind in die Lochstempel 8, 10 eine oder zwei teilkreisförmige Nuten 22 eingebracht, die zur Kantenbegradigung an den eingebrachten Durchbrüchen oder Ausschnitten dienen.For fine machining of the workpiece 2 in the tool, a die 17 or a drawing ring is arranged on the side of the tool on which the workpiece is introduced or removed. Furthermore, one or two part-circular grooves 22 are introduced into the punches 8, 10, which serve to edge straightening of the introduced apertures or cutouts.

Nachfolgend wird das Verfahren mit Hilfe der Fig. 3, 6, 11, 14 und 19 beschrieben, die die verschiedenen Arbeitsstufen zeigen. In einem ersten Schritt wird das durch die Dichtstempel 3 positionierte Werkstück 2 durch die Lochstempel 8, 10 schlag- oder stoßartig vorgeschnitten. Im Falle des Lochstempels 10, der anschließend einen vollständigen Ausschnitt bewirkt, ist das Joch 11 weiter ausgefahren, so dass sich ein geringerer Abstand Δ1 ergibt. Ein Stoß wird durch Auftreffen einer vertikalen Platte auf das Widerlager 13 gestoppt, wie dies in Fig. 3 verdeutlicht ist. Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen hierzu Vergrößerungen. Durch den Stoß wird eine Vorschädigung in das Material eingebracht.The following is the procedure with the help of Fig. 3 . 6 . 11 . 14 and 19 described, which show the different stages of work. In a first step, the workpiece 2 positioned by the sealing rams 3 is pre-cut by the punches 8, 10 in an impact-like or jerky manner. In the case of the punch 10, which then causes a complete cutout, the yoke 11 is further extended, so that there is a smaller distance Δ 1 . A shock is stopped by hitting a vertical plate on the abutment 13, as in Fig. 3 is clarified. The 4 and 5 show enlargements. The impact introduces a pre-damage into the material.

Anschließend wird das Wirkfluid in das Innere des Werkstücks 2 gepumpt, nachdem die Lochstempel 8, 10 bis zur Mantelfläche des Werkzeugs zurückgezogen worden sind. Da es während der eigentlichen Innenhochdruckumformung zu einer Dehnung des Materials kommt, wird das Werkstück 2 vorher durch axiale Verschiebung der Dichtstempel 3, 4 in eine Position gebracht, die genau die Sollbruchstelle zum jeweiligen Lochstempel positioniert (Fig. 6). Die Fig. 7-10 verdeutlichen den nachfolgenden Schnittprozess unter Einwirkung des Innenhochdrucks. Hierbei gibt es die Möglichkeit, dass sich der verschiebbare Lochstempel von außen nach innen (Fig. 8, 9) bewegt oder von innen nach außen (Fig. 7, 10). Bei dem Innenhochdruckumformen legt sich die Wandung des Werkstücks 2 an die Innenseite 24;25 des Werkzeugs an. An den Ausschnitten oder Durchschnitten bilden sich Schneidkanten 26, 27.Subsequently, the active fluid is pumped into the interior of the workpiece 2, after the punches 8, 10 have been withdrawn to the outer surface of the tool. Since it comes to an expansion of the material during the actual hydroforming, the workpiece 2 is previously brought by axial displacement of the sealing dies 3, 4 in a position which positions exactly the predetermined breaking point to the respective punch ( Fig. 6 ). The Fig. 7-10 illustrate the subsequent cutting process under the influence of the internal high pressure. There is the possibility that the displaceable punch from the outside to the inside ( Fig. 8, 9 ) or from inside to outside ( Fig. 7, 10th ). In hydroforming, the wall of the workpiece 2 abuts against the inside 24, 25 of the tool. Cutting edges 26, 27 are formed on the cutouts or averages.

Mit Hilfe der Fig. 11 wird ein sich anschließender Verfahrensschritt gezeigt, der der Kantennachbehandlung bzw. dazu dient, Durchbrüche oder Ausschnitte mit einer bestimmten Formkontur einzubringen. Der Lochstempel 8, 10 mit dem ausgeschnittenen Blech 28 oder umgeformten Blechabschnitt 31 wird in Verfahrrichtung noch weiter in das Werkzeug geführt, so dass die Kantenbereiche 29, 30 der Ausschnitte oder Durchbrüche mit der gravierten Nut 22 im Stempelkopf fluchten. Die Dichtstempel 3, 4 werden axial verfahren und auf diese Weise die möglicherweise durch den Schneidprozess verformten Kanten durch die erzwungene Bewegung in die Nuten 22 begradigt. Eine solche Hin- und Herbewegung und die Effekte der Begradigung der Kantenbereiche (29, 30, 32) sind aus den Fig. 14-18 ersichtlich.With the help of Fig. 11 a subsequent process step is shown, which serves the edge aftertreatment or to introduce breakthroughs or cutouts with a certain shape contour. The punch 8, 10 with the cut sheet 28 or formed sheet metal portion 31 is further guided in the direction of travel in the tool, so that the edge portions 29, 30 of the cutouts or openings are aligned with the engraved groove 22 in the punch head. The sealing rams 3, 4 are moved axially and in this way the possibly deformed by the cutting process edges straightened by the forced movement into the grooves 22. Such a reciprocation and the effects of straightening the edge portions (29, 30, 32) are from the Fig. 14-18 seen.

Zur Oberflächenkalibrierung schließt sich anschließend ein Ziehprozess an. Hierbei wird das umgeformte Werkstück 2 unter vorzugsweise gleichzeitigen Drehungen durch die Matrize 17 gezogen und aufgrund des Ziehrings hinsichtlich seiner Manteloberfläche 33 begradigt.The surface calibration is then followed by a drawing process. In this case, the formed workpiece 2 is pulled through the die 17 under preferably simultaneous rotations and, due to the drawing ring, is straightened with regard to its mantle surface 33.

Die Verfahrensabfolge ist schließlich mit Hilfe der Fig. 21-27 dargestellt. Das Werkstück 2 wird von den Dichtstempeln 3, 4 aufgenommen und durch axiale Bewegung in das Werkzeug positioniert. Mittels stoßartig einwirkender Lochstempel 8, 10 wird eine Vorschädigung in die Wandung eingebracht. Bei Erhöhung des Innendrucks folgt dann durch schlagartige und/oder multiple Bewegung des Lochstempels der eigentliche Ausschnitt oder Durchschnitt. Zur Nachbehandlung der Kanten werden diese durch axiale Bewegung des Werkstücks in eine eingravierte Nut 22 im Lochstempel gezwungen. Anschließend folgt der Kalibriervorgang mit nachfolgender Entnahme des Werkstücks.The process sequence is finally with the help of Fig. 21-27 shown. The workpiece 2 is received by the sealing dies 3, 4 and positioned by axial movement in the tool. By means of puncture acting punch 8, 10 a pre-damage is introduced into the wall. When increasing the internal pressure then follows by sudden and / or multiple movement of the punch the actual cut or average. For the treatment of the edges, they are forced by axial movement of the workpiece in an engraved groove 22 in the punch. This is followed by the calibration process with subsequent removal of the workpiece.

Fig. 28 zeigt die Geschwindigkeiten des jeweiligen Lochstempels, wie sie sich aus den einzelnen Abständen Δ1 Δ2 zwischen dem oberen Teil des Lochstempels und den Hydraulikzylindern ergeben.Fig. 28 shows the velocities of the respective punch, as they result from the individual distances Δ 1 Δ 2 between the upper part of the punch and the hydraulic cylinders.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
WerkzeugTool
22
Werkstückworkpiece
33
Dichtstempelsealing ram
44
Dichtstempelsealing ram
55
Zuführöffnungfeed
66
Hydraulikzylinderhydraulic cylinders
77
Hydraulikzylinderhydraulic cylinders
88th
Lochstempelpunch
99
Jochyoke
1010
Lochstempelpunch
1111
Jochyoke
1212
Auflagebereichsupport area
1313
Widerlagerabutment
1414
JochfußJochfuß
1515
Widerlagerabutment
1616
JochfußJochfuß
1717
Matrizedie
1818
Kolbenplattepiston plate
1919
Fluidfluid
2020
Kolbenplattepiston plate
2121
Fluidfluid
2222
Nutgroove
2323
Nutgroove
2424
WerkzeuginnenseiteCavity side
2525
WerkzeuginnenseiteCavity side
2626
Schneidkantecutting edge
2727
Schneidkantecutting edge
2828
ausgeschnittenes Blechcut out sheet metal
2929
Kantenbereichedge region
3030
Kantenbereichedge region
3131
Umgeformter BlechabschnittTransformed sheet metal section
3232
Kantenbereichedge region
3333
Manteloberflächecoat surface

Claims (13)

  1. Method for making a cutout or perforation in the wall of a component produced by the internal high-pressure forming method, for example of a hollow body still located in the forming die (1), with the aid of a punch (8, 10) which is displaceable from outside inwards or from inside outwards and which is pressed into the wall of the hollow body, characterized in that
    - first, the wall of the initial workpiece or workpiece mounted in the forming die (1) and fixed and positioned preferably by means of sealing rams (3, 4) is precut, before the internal pressure forming, abruptly to a residual wall thickness with the aid of the punch (8, 10),
    - then the precut part of the wall is detached, and
    - then a non-cutting forming and/or fine machining of the component or of parts of the component is/are carried out in the die (1).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the precut part of the wall is detached in the manner of a predetermined breaking point, during the internal high-pressure forming of the component, by means of abrupt or non-abrupt and/or multiple forward and backward movements of the punch (8, 10).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the perforations and cutouts are machined by means of non-cutting forming, and/or in that the surface area of the formed workpiece is calibrated by means of a drawing operation.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a specific form contour of the perforations or cutouts is implemented by means of non-cutting cold forming as a result of axial shifts of the workpiece (2) and/or vertical movements of the punch (8, 10) without internal pressure.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fine machining of the surface of the workpiece (2) is implemented by the cold drawing of the workpiece by a die by means of an axial shifting of the workpiece, preferably along with the rotation of the latter.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the component is a tube for holding head restraints for locking on vehicle seats.
  7. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, comprising a forming die (1) for carrying out internal high-pressure forming and at least one punch (8, 10) for introducing cutouts or perforations into the wall of the workpiece, in particular of a hollow body, characterized in that, for the abrupt action of the punch (8, 10), a variable distance can be set between the upper part of the punch and punch hydraulic cylinders (6, 7).
  8. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the punch (8, 10) is equipped with upper and lower displaceable limit stops.
  9. Apparatus according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the punch (8, 10) has on its side surfaces undercuts (22), the upper part of which corresponds to the form contour of the perforations or cutouts of the workpiece in terms of the surface area of the workpiece in the region around the perforation or cutout.
  10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterized in that the undercuts are wedge-shaped.
  11. Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that a drawing die (17) is built into the inner cavity of the die.
  12. Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that sealing rams (3, 4) receive the workpiece, which sealing rams are arranged coaxially in the inner cavity of the die (1) and which ensure, by means of synchronous axial movements and/or rotation, a positioning of the workpiece and therefore of the precut predetermined breaking point in relation to the stamping edge of the punch, during the internal high pressure forming, and an axial shifting of the workpiece during the non-cutting forming and/or fine machining of the surface.
  13. Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the sealing rams (3, 4), which are synchronously movable axially, receive the initial workpiece (2) and guide it into the die (1) and likewise guide it out again.
EP07702923A 2006-02-15 2007-01-22 Method and device for producing a cutout or aperture in the wall of a component formed according to the hydroforming process Not-in-force EP1986801B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006007224A DE102006007224A1 (en) 2006-02-15 2006-02-15 Method and device for producing a cutout or opening in the wall of a formed by the hydroforming process component
PCT/EP2007/000495 WO2007093269A1 (en) 2006-02-15 2007-01-22 Method and device for producing a cutout or aperture in the wall of a component formed according to the hydroforming process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1986801A1 EP1986801A1 (en) 2008-11-05
EP1986801B1 true EP1986801B1 (en) 2010-05-26

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EP (1) EP1986801B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101454093B (en)
AT (1) ATE468930T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006007224A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007093269A1 (en)

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CN102728701B (en) * 2011-04-14 2014-10-01 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Hydraulic synchronous punching device and method
CN102615165A (en) * 2012-04-09 2012-08-01 吉林省元隆达工装设备有限公司 Punching mechanism
DE102013003118B4 (en) * 2013-02-25 2015-03-26 Jenoptik Automatisierungstechnik Gmbh A method for disposing of a Bußens incurred in a perforation process of a hollow section
CN104096742B (en) * 2013-04-15 2016-08-10 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Keep the hydro piercing method and device of workpiece wall flatness
CN104511943A (en) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-15 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 Trimming method of edge sealing frame type part hydraulically formed based on a rubber bladder
CN105583288A (en) * 2016-01-27 2016-05-18 施密特汽车管件(安徽)有限公司 Punching device for oil cylinder pipe
CN105598249B (en) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-12 哈尔滨奔马科技有限公司 A kind of method and pipe fitting for obtaining high flanging hollow pipe fitting
CN105921585A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 保隆(安徽)汽车配件有限公司 Punching method for internal high pressure forming pipe fitting
CN107931408A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 苏州紫荆清远新能源汽车技术有限公司 A kind of boring device of interior high-pressure molding part
CN109570317A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-04-05 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Liquid-filling shaping mold
CN111496056A (en) * 2019-01-14 2020-08-07 无锡朗贤轻量化科技股份有限公司 Hydraulic forming process for locking pipe fitting or profile by flexible cross beam type pull rod
CN111496059A (en) * 2019-01-14 2020-08-07 无锡朗贤轻量化科技股份有限公司 Hydraulic forming process for locking pipe fitting or profile by flexible cross beam type oil cylinder
CN111434408A (en) * 2019-01-14 2020-07-21 无锡朗贤轻量化科技股份有限公司 Flexible cross beam type spiral locking pipe fitting or sectional material hydraulic forming process
CN112170610B (en) * 2020-09-15 2021-12-14 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Liquid-filling forming die and liquid-filling forming method
CN112692150A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-04-23 星火智慧(杭州)信息科技有限公司 Divide water collector internal expanding machine

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WO2007093269A1 (en) 2007-08-23
DE102006007224A1 (en) 2007-08-16
CN101454093B (en) 2012-04-18
ATE468930T1 (en) 2010-06-15
EP1986801A1 (en) 2008-11-05
CN101454093A (en) 2009-06-10
DE502007003933D1 (en) 2010-07-08

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