EP1699266A1 - Electrically conducting knitted fabric for heating purposes, use thereof and knitting machine - Google Patents

Electrically conducting knitted fabric for heating purposes, use thereof and knitting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1699266A1
EP1699266A1 EP06003956A EP06003956A EP1699266A1 EP 1699266 A1 EP1699266 A1 EP 1699266A1 EP 06003956 A EP06003956 A EP 06003956A EP 06003956 A EP06003956 A EP 06003956A EP 1699266 A1 EP1699266 A1 EP 1699266A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knitted
knitted fabric
heating purposes
conductive
purposes according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06003956A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1699266B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Steigmaier
Christoph Sven Larsen
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Mattes and Ammann GmbH and Co KG
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Mattes and Ammann GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1699266A1 publication Critical patent/EP1699266A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a current-conducting knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as its use and a corresponding knitting machine or knitting machine.
  • Such an electroconductive knitted fabric has become known from DE 201 11 067 U1 of the present applicant.
  • the carbon filaments are incorporated by knitting method on a basic product or in relatively flat active structures. It is known to those skilled in the art that the production of flexible heating elements with the knitting or knitting machine in the surface is a rather complicated and problematic process, with the carbon filaments often undergoing breaks in the stitch forming process.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve the aforementioned conductive fabric or knit so that it avoids fractures as effectively as possible in the carbon fibers in Strickverwirk perspectives and beyond a temperature-controlled heating, and adjustable pressure stiffness with simultaneous thermal and electrical Isolation allows, so that the requirements of different applications can be met.
  • the thermal insulation, as well as the electrical insulation can be determined by the length of the spacer threads and thus the trapped Adjust the air and the textile-technical construction of the top and bottom layers particularly well. Advantageous values can be found in the subclaims. Also, the compressive stiffness can be adjusted by the flexural rigidity, angular position and in particular length of the spacer threads, it being clear that larger lengths are less pressure-stable than smaller lengths.
  • the spacer textiles according to the invention can be coated on one side or on both sides. This makes it possible to produce a surface-closed volume of air or liquid that can be tempered via the carbon filaments.
  • the entire structure can be formed from fully flexible to stiff by the type of coating.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 a knitted or knitted fabric according to the invention, which has been produced on a circular knitting or knitting machine, not shown, is generally designated 10.
  • the latter is designed as a so-called spacer fabric or knitted fabric which has a top and bottom or layers 16 and 18, respectively. These two sides or layers are spaced parallel to each other, wherein the distance forming the clipboard 22 is indicated by the double arrow 20, is formed by the monofilament spacer threads 14 and can be selected in the range of a few tenths of millimeters up to 1 dm. This is the only way to produce the desired versatility of the final products, which are specified in claim 13.
  • the actual consisting of synthetic threads or in mixture with natural fibers as a carrier material knit fabric is not shown for clarity, in which the carbon threads 12 are knitted with the metal conductors.
  • the electrically conductive, relatively high-resistance, flexible resistance material made of carbon threads 12 forms the actual heating conductor, while the metal conductors for the electrical leads, not shown, consist of a low-resistance material, namely a silver-plated so-called standing thread forming contact conductor, e.g. in the form of a high-stretch knit braided hose.
  • the carbon threads or filaments 12 can be arranged differently in the current-conducting knitted fabric 10 according to the invention, namely in the lower layer 18, as shown in FIG. 1, or in the upper layer 16, as shown in FIG. 2. A combination of these two embodiments is also possible.
  • an embodiment is shown in Fig. 3, in which the heating carbon filaments 12 extend not only through the upper and lower layers 16 and 18, but are additionally incorporated into the spacer cavity / intermediate layer 22.
  • the carbon threads 12, despite low lateral force stability have no breaks or broken points, which is ensured in the production process of the knitted fabric 10 according to the invention by adaptation of corresponding mechanical factors.
  • the Not shown deflection members have rounded smooth edges and large deflection radii for the carbon threads 12 with minimal friction. It is also advantageously thought to twist the carbon threads 12 to give them increased stability, especially in bends or deformations for higher-stressed textiles.
  • Twisted carbon threads 12 are also much easier to machine stitches, making the knitting process or process is safer.
  • the twisted carbon threads 12 reduce the electrostatic charge in seat covers in the automobile in addition to the heating function.
  • the spacer structure 10 solves all the problems of the prior art and enables the production of a large number of new products.

Abstract

The fabrics has electrically conductive, high-impedance carbon filaments (12) of flexible resistance material, with metal conductors for electrical supply lines made of low-impedance material. The filaments and conductors are knitted or acted in interlaced yarns or knitted fabrics, which is designed with upper and lower layers and intermediate layer. The filaments exhibit a transverse force stability by preset machine factors.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, sowie seine Verwendung und eine entsprechende Wirk- oder Strickmaschine.The invention relates to a current-conducting knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as its use and a corresponding knitting machine or knitting machine.

Ein derartiges stromleitfähiges Gewirk ist aus der DE 201 11 067 U1 der vorliegenden Anmelderin bekannt geworden. Dabei werden die Carbonfilamente mit Strickverfahren auf eine Grundware oder in relativ flache Wirkkonstruktionen eingearbeitet. Den Fachleuten ist es bekannt, dass die Erzeugung von flexiblen Heizungselementen mit der Wirk oder Strickmaschine in der Fläche ein recht kompliziertes und problembehaftetes Verfahren darstellt, wobei die Carbonfäden bzw. - Filamente beim Maschenbildungsprozess häufig Brüche erleiden.Such an electroconductive knitted fabric has become known from DE 201 11 067 U1 of the present applicant. Here, the carbon filaments are incorporated by knitting method on a basic product or in relatively flat active structures. It is known to those skilled in the art that the production of flexible heating elements with the knitting or knitting machine in the surface is a rather complicated and problematic process, with the carbon filaments often undergoing breaks in the stitch forming process.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, das eingangs genannte stromleitfähige Gewirk oder Gestrick derart zu verbessern, dass es Brüche bei den Carbonfäden im Strickverwirkprozess möglichst wirksam vermeidet und darüber hinaus eine temperierbare Heizung, sowie eine einstellbare Drucksteifigkeit mit gleichzeitiger thermischer und elektrischer Isolation ermöglicht, so dass die Forderungen unterschiedlichster Anwendungszwecke erfüllt werden können.The invention is therefore based on the object to improve the aforementioned conductive fabric or knit so that it avoids fractures as effectively as possible in the carbon fibers in Strickverwirkprozess and beyond a temperature-controlled heating, and adjustable pressure stiffness with simultaneous thermal and electrical Isolation allows, so that the requirements of different applications can be met.

Diese Aufgabe wird in überraschenderweise dadurch gelöst, dass das eingangs genannte stromleitfähige Gewirk oder Gestrick in Form eines Abstandsgestrickes oder -Gewirkes ausgebildet ist, und dass die Carbonfäden durch entsprechend eingestellte und angepasste maschinelle Faktoren, wie Fadenleitorgane, keine relevante Schädigung in der Flächenbildung erfahren bzw. durch seine Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 13 und die besonders gestaltete Wirk- oder Strickmaschine nach Anspruch 12.This object is surprisingly achieved in that the above-mentioned current-conducting knitted or knitted fabric is in the form of a spacer knitted or knitted fabric, and that the carbon threads are not subject to any relevant damage in the surface formation by suitably adjusted and adapted mechanical factors, such as thread guide elements. by its use according to claim 13 and the specially designed knitting or knitting machine according to claim 12.

In grundsätzlicher Hinsicht sind Abstandsgestricke und

  • Gewirke im Stand der Technik bekannt. Sie weisen einen monofilen Faden auf, der druckelastisch ist und sich immer wieder aufrichtet. Allerdings sind sich die Fachleute bewusst, dass die Herstellung solcher Abstandsmaschenwaren ebenfalls recht komplex ist, so dass von seinem Einsatz bei dem eingangs genannten stromleitfähigen Gewirk oder Gestrick eher abzuraten ist, um die zahlreichen Probleme, die mit den genannten Strukturen verbunden sind, nicht zu erhöhen, sondern eher zu vermindern. Überraschenderweise hat sich jedoch das Gegenteil herausgestellt, sofern man einige signifikante Änderungen der Fadenleitorgane vornimmt. Letztere lassen sich wie folgt beschreiben: Die Fadenleitorgane der Maschine müssen an die geringe Querkraftstabilität der Carbonfäden angepasst werden. Die Umlenkorgane dürfen somit keine scharfen Kanten oder kleine Umlenkradien besitzen. Die Oberflächengüte und damit Glätte muss hoch sein bzw. Reibung minimal. Die Bewegung und Dynamik der Nadeln für die Vermaschung der Carbonfäden als auch die Nadelbewegung der weiteren die Carbonfäden verbindenden Fäden sowie die Bindungstechnik ist an die geringe Querkraftstabilität anzupassen mit dem Ziel einer sehr schonenden Querkraftbelastung der Carbonfäden bei der Flächenbildung.
In principle, spacer knits and
  • Knitted fabrics known in the art. They have a monofilament thread, which is pressure elastic and always straightens up. However, those skilled in the art are aware that the preparation of such spacer mesh is also quite complex, so that its use in the aforementioned conductive fabric or knit fabric is rather discouraged, in order not to increase the numerous problems associated with said structures but rather diminish. Surprisingly, however, the opposite has been found, provided that one makes some significant changes in the Fadenleitorgane. The latter can be described as follows: The thread guide elements of the machine must be adapted to the low lateral force stability of the carbon threads. The deflection members must therefore have no sharp edges or small deflection radii. The surface quality and thus smoothness must be high or friction minimal. The movement and dynamics of the needles for the meshing of the carbon threads as well as the needle movement of the other threads connecting the carbon threads and the binding technique is adapted to the low lateral force stability with the aim of a very gentle lateral force load of the carbon threads in the surface formation.

Die Wärmeisolation, sowie die elektrische Isolation lassen sich durch die Länge der Abstandsfäden und damit der eingeschlossenen Luft als auch durch die textiltechnische Konstruktion der Unter- und Oberlage besonders gut einstellen. Vorteilhafte Werte lassen sich den Unteransprüchen entnehmen. Auch kann durch die Biegesteifigkeit, Winkellage und insbesondere Länge der Abstandsfäden die Drucksteifigkeit eingestellt werden, wobei es einleuchten dürfte, dass größere Längen weniger druckstabil sind als kleinere Längen.The thermal insulation, as well as the electrical insulation can be determined by the length of the spacer threads and thus the trapped Adjust the air and the textile-technical construction of the top and bottom layers particularly well. Advantageous values can be found in the subclaims. Also, the compressive stiffness can be adjusted by the flexural rigidity, angular position and in particular length of the spacer threads, it being clear that larger lengths are less pressure-stable than smaller lengths.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Abstandstextilien ein- als auch beidseitig beschichtet werden können. Damit lässt sich ein flächig geschlossenes Luft- oder Flüssigkeitsvolumen erzeugen, das über die Carbonfilamente temperierbar ist. Die gesamte Struktur ist über die Art der Beschichtung von voll flexibel bis steif ausbildbar.Another advantage is that the spacer textiles according to the invention can be coated on one side or on both sides. This makes it possible to produce a surface-closed volume of air or liquid that can be tempered via the carbon filaments. The entire structure can be formed from fully flexible to stiff by the type of coating.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale, die auch gemeinsam mit dem Hauptanspruch von erfinderischer Bedeutung sein können, sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantages and features, which may also be together with the main claim of inventive importance, can be found in the dependent claims.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung zum besseren Verständnis derselben anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, auf das die Erfindung jedoch nicht beschränkt ist.In the following embodiments of the invention for a better understanding of the same will be explained with reference to the drawing, to which the invention is not limited.

Es zeigt:It shows:

Fig. 1Fig. 1
eine Querschnittsansicht im Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandsgestrickes mit Carbonheizelementen;a cross-sectional view in the section of a spacer fabric according to the invention with carbon heating elements;
Fig. 2Fig. 2
eine Querschnittsansicht im Ausschnitt eines weiteren Beispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandsgestrickes mit Carbonheizelementen; unda cross-sectional view in section of another example of a spacer fabric according to the invention with carbon heating elements; and
Fig. 3Fig. 3
eine Querschnittsansicht im Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandsgestrickes mit Carbonheizelementen nach einer noch weiteren Ausführungsform.a cross-sectional view in the section of a spacer fabric according to the invention with carbon heating according to yet another embodiment.

In den Figuren 1 bis 3 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Gewirk oder Gestrick, das auf einer nicht gezeigten Rundstrick- oder Wirkmaschine hergestellt worden ist, allgemein mit 10 bezeichnet. Erfindungsgemäß ist letzteres als sogenanntes Abstandsgestrick bzw. -Gewirk ausgebildet, das eine Ober- und Unterseite bzw. -Lagen 16 bzw. 18 aufweist. Diese beiden Seiten bzw. Lagen verlaufen parallel beabstandet voneinander, wobei der die Zwischenablage 22 bildende Abstand durch den Doppelpfeil 20 angedeutet ist, durch die monofilen Abstandsfäden 14 gebildet wird und im Bereich von einigen Zehntelmillimetern bis zu 1 dm gewählt werden kann. Gerade hierdurch lässt sich die gewünschte Vielseitigkeit der Endprodukte herstellen, die im Anspruch 13 angegeben sind.In FIGS. 1 to 3, a knitted or knitted fabric according to the invention, which has been produced on a circular knitting or knitting machine, not shown, is generally designated 10. According to the invention, the latter is designed as a so-called spacer fabric or knitted fabric which has a top and bottom or layers 16 and 18, respectively. These two sides or layers are spaced parallel to each other, wherein the distance forming the clipboard 22 is indicated by the double arrow 20, is formed by the monofilament spacer threads 14 and can be selected in the range of a few tenths of millimeters up to 1 dm. This is the only way to produce the desired versatility of the final products, which are specified in claim 13.

In den schematischen Darstellungen der Figuren ist der besseren Übersichtlichkeit halber das eigentliche aus synthetischen Fäden oder auch in Mischung mit Naturfasern als Trägermaterial bestehende Gestrick nicht gezeigt, in das die Carbonfäden 12 mit den Metalleitern eingestrickt sind. Das elektrisch leitende, relativ hochohmige, flexible Widerstandsmaterial aus Carbonfäden 12 bildet den eigentlichen Heizleiter, während die nicht gezeigten Metalleiter für die elektrischen Zuleitungen aus einem niederohmigen Material bestehen, nämlich einem versilberten den sogenannten Stehfaden bildenden Kontaktleiter z.B. in Form eines hoch dehnfähigen Strick-Flecht-schlauches.In the schematic representations of the figures, the actual consisting of synthetic threads or in mixture with natural fibers as a carrier material knit fabric is not shown for clarity, in which the carbon threads 12 are knitted with the metal conductors. The electrically conductive, relatively high-resistance, flexible resistance material made of carbon threads 12 forms the actual heating conductor, while the metal conductors for the electrical leads, not shown, consist of a low-resistance material, namely a silver-plated so-called standing thread forming contact conductor, e.g. in the form of a high-stretch knit braided hose.

Die Carbonfäden oder -Filamente 12 können im erfindungsgemäßen stromleitfähigen Gestrick 10 unterschiedlich angeordnet werden, nämlich in der unteren Lage 18, wie es in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, oder in der oberen Lage 16, wie es in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist. Eine Kombination dieser beiden Ausführungsformen ist ebenfalls möglich. Darüber hinaus ist in Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsform gezeigt, in der die heizenden Carbonfilamente 12 nicht nur durch die obere und untere Lage 16 bzw. 18 verlaufen, sondern zusätzlich in den Abstandshohlraum/Zwischenlage 22 eingearbeitet sind. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist es, dass die Carbonfäden 12 trotz geringer Querkraftstabilität keine Brüche oder angebrochene Stellen aufweisen, was im Herstellungsverfahren des erfindungsgemäßen Gestricks 10 durch Anpassung entsprechender maschineller Faktoren gewährleistet wird. Beispielsweise sollten die nicht gezeigten Umlenkorgane abgerundete glatte Kanten und große Umlenkradien für die Carbonfäden 12 bei minimaler Reibung besitzen. Auch ist vorteilhafterweise daran gedacht, die Carbonfäden 12 zu zwirnen, um ihnen eine erhöhte Stabilität zu verleihen, insbesondere bei Biegungen oder Verformungen für höher beanspruchte Textilien.The carbon threads or filaments 12 can be arranged differently in the current-conducting knitted fabric 10 according to the invention, namely in the lower layer 18, as shown in FIG. 1, or in the upper layer 16, as shown in FIG. 2. A combination of these two embodiments is also possible. In addition, an embodiment is shown in Fig. 3, in which the heating carbon filaments 12 extend not only through the upper and lower layers 16 and 18, but are additionally incorporated into the spacer cavity / intermediate layer 22. Of particular importance is that the carbon threads 12, despite low lateral force stability, have no breaks or broken points, which is ensured in the production process of the knitted fabric 10 according to the invention by adaptation of corresponding mechanical factors. For example, the Not shown deflection members have rounded smooth edges and large deflection radii for the carbon threads 12 with minimal friction. It is also advantageously thought to twist the carbon threads 12 to give them increased stability, especially in bends or deformations for higher-stressed textiles.

Gezwirnte Carbonfäden 12 sind auch wesentlich leichter zur Maschenbildung verarbeitbar, wodurch der Strickprozess bzw. Wirkprozess sicherer wird.Twisted carbon threads 12 are also much easier to machine stitches, making the knitting process or process is safer.

Die gezwirnten Carbonfäden 12 reduzieren neben der Heizfunktion die elektrostatische Aufladung bei Sitzbezügen im Automobil.The twisted carbon threads 12 reduce the electrostatic charge in seat covers in the automobile in addition to the heating function.

Die Vorteile von den erfindungsgemäßen Abstandsstrukturen lassen sich wie folgt aufzählen:

  • Die Oberseite 16 als auch Unterseite 18 sind bereits als Dekor konstruierbar und sofort verwendbar.
  • Die Oberseite 16 als auch die Abstandsmonofile und die eingeschlossene Luft im Abstand wirken als elektrischer Isolator und ersetzen bisherige weitere Isolationslagen.
  • Die in der Zwischenlage 22 eingeschlossene Luft wirkt als Wärmedämmung bzw. Wärmepufferung.
  • Der Abstands-Hohlraum lässt sich zur Aufheizung der Luft benutzen. Über Luftstrom kann erwärmte Luft in Art eines flexiblen Föns ausgeblasen werden. Hier ist die Einarbeitung der Heizfäden 12 in Ober- und Unterseite 16 bzw. 18, als auch in die Abstandshalter zweckmäßig.
  • Die Einarbeitung der Kontaktleiter in Maschenform ist möglich, evtl. auch in den Zwischenraum 22 der Abstandsstruktur oder durch nachträgliches Aufnähen.
  • Die Herstellung auf Rundstrickmaschinen, evtl. auch Flachstrickmaschinen bzw. Kettenwirkmaschinen, ermöglicht fast fertige Endprodukte, z.B. für runde Formen für Manschetten, bei variablem Durchmesser durch Wechsel der Maschine als auch flächige Ware.
  • Die Abstandsstrukturen lassen sich ein- und beidseitig für die Ausbildung von Luftleitkanälen, Isolationen beschichten.
  • Die Beschichtung kann ergänzt werden durch funktionelle Dünnschichten für besondere Reflexion bzw. Transmission von kurzwelliger und/oder langwelliger IR-Wärmestrahlung.
  • Folgende Anwendungen sind denkbar: heizbares, flexibles Flüssigkeits-, Gas- oder Feststoffgefäß.
The advantages of the spacing structures according to the invention can be enumerated as follows:
  • The top 16 and bottom 18 are already constructible as a decor and ready to use.
  • The top 16 as well as the distance monofilaments and the trapped air at a distance act as an electrical insulator and replace previous further insulation layers.
  • The trapped in the intermediate layer 22 air acts as a thermal insulation or heat buffering.
  • The clearance cavity can be used to heat the air. By air flow heated air can be blown out in the form of a flexible hair dryer. Here is the incorporation of the heating filaments 12 in the top and bottom 16 and 18, as well as in the spacer appropriate.
  • The incorporation of the contact conductor in mesh is possible, possibly in the gap 22 of the spacer structure or by subsequent sewing.
  • The production on circular knitting machines, possibly also flat knitting machines or warp knitting machines, allows almost finished end products, eg for round shapes for cuffs, with variable diameter by changing the machine as well as flat goods.
  • The spacer structures can be coated on one and both sides for the formation of air ducts, insulations.
  • The coating can be supplemented by functional thin layers for special reflection or transmission of short-wave and / or long-wave IR heat radiation.
  • The following applications are conceivable: heatable, flexible liquid, gas or solid vessel.

Gegenüber den bekannten flachen Konstruktionen weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Abstandsgestricke und -Gewirke 10 folgende Vorteile auf:

  • In der Bekleidung oder in technischen Anwendungen ergeben sich durch die Abstandsmaschengebilde, eine einstellbare Kompressibilität, Dekor, Luftdurchlässigkeit, Abstand.
  • Keine Delaminations- oder Verschiebungsprobleme mit der Isolationsabdeckung in der Anwendung, da alle Bestandteile miteinander vermascht sind.
  • Anwendung mit einer zusätzlichen Luftströmung denkbar, um z.B. Schweiß im Personensitz abzutransportieren.
  • Anwendung als Flächenheizung vorstellbar - elektrische Fußbodenheizung oder Wandheizung für Wohnbereich, Mobilbereich, sonstiges.
  • Im Nahtbereich bei der Konfektion kann die Stromzuführung eingenäht werden: Dieses hat Vorteile bei kleineren Strukturen, z.B. Bekleidung: Handschuhe, Schuh.
Compared to the known flat constructions, the spacer knitted fabrics and knits 10 according to the invention have the following advantages:
  • In clothing or in technical applications, the distance meshes provide an adjustable compressibility, decor, air permeability, spacing.
  • No delamination or displacement problems with the insulation cover in the application as all components are meshed together.
  • Application with an additional air flow conceivable, for example, to carry away sweat in the passenger seat.
  • Application conceivable as surface heating - electric underfloor heating or wall heating for living area, mobile area, other.
  • The power supply can be sewn in at the seam area in the confection: This has advantages for smaller structures, eg clothing: gloves, shoe.

Nach alledem dürfte für den Fachmann einleuchten, dass die erfindungsgemäße Abstandsstruktur 10 sämtliche Probleme des Standes der Technik löst und die Herstellung einer Vielzahl neuer Produkte ermöglicht.After all, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the spacer structure 10 according to the invention solves all the problems of the prior art and enables the production of a large number of new products.

Claims (13)

Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick (10) für Heizzwecke, welches ein elektrisch leitendes, relativ hochohmiges, flexibles Widerstandsmaterial aus Carbonfäden (12) mit Metallleitern für die elektrische Zuleitungen aus einem niederohmigen Material enthält, wobei die Carbonfäden (12) und die Metallleiter in ein aus synthetischen Fäden oder auch in Mischung mit Naturfasern als Trägermaterial bestehendes Gewirk oder Gestrick mit eingewirkt oder -gestrickt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es in Form eines Abstandsgestrickes oder -gewirkes mit einer Ober- und Unterseite (16 bzw. 18) und Zwischenlage (22) ausgebildet ist, und dass die Carbonfäden durch entsprechend eingestellte und angepasste maschinelle Faktoren, wie Fadenleitorgane, eine ausreichende Querkraftstabilität besitzen.An electrically conductive knit or fabric (10) for heating purposes which comprises an electrically conductive, relatively high resistance, flexible carbon fiber resistive material (12) having metal conductors for the electrical leads of a low resistance material, the carbon filaments (12) and the metal conductors being made of synthetic material Threads or also in mixture with natural fibers as carrier material existing knitted or knitted fabric are knitted or knitted, characterized in that it in the form of a spacer knitted or knitted fabric with an upper and lower side (16 or 18) and intermediate layer (22) is, and that the carbon threads by appropriately adjusted and adapted mechanical factors, such as thread guide elements, have sufficient lateral force stability. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Metallleiter ein versilberter Kontaktleiter in Form eines hochdehnfähigen Strick-Flechtschlauches ist.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal conductor is a silver-plated contact conductor in the form of a high-elastic knit braided hose. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kontaktleiter beim Wirk- oder Strickverfahren eingearbeitet oder nach der Herstellung des Abstandsgewirkes oder Abstandsgestrickes aufgenäht ist.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the contact conductor is incorporated in the knitting or knitting process or sewn after the production of the spacer knitted fabric or spacer knitted fabric. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kontaktleiter als Stehfaden oder in Schlaufenform oder in Kombinationen aus verschiedenen Maschenbindungstechniken beim Wirk- oder Strickverfahren eingearbeit ist.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 3, characterized in that the contact conductor is incorporated as a stand thread or in loop form or in combinations of different stitch bonding techniques in the knitting or knitting process. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kontaktleiter und/oder die Carbonfäden in die Mitte und/oder der Unter- und Oberfläche des Abstandsgestrickes oder -gewirkes eingearbeitet ist bzw. sind.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 4, characterized in that the contact conductor and / or the carbon threads is or are incorporated into the middle and / or the lower and upper surfaces of the spacer knitted or knitted fabric. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kontaktleiter durch die Bildung zusätzlicher Maschen oder durch entsprechende Legung von den Carbonfäden (12) umschlungen wird.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the contact conductor is wrapped by the formation of additional mesh or by appropriate laying of the carbon threads (12). Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Carbonfäden (12) gezwirnt, einfach oder gefacht sind.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the carbon threads (12) are twisted, simple or plied. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge der Abstandsfäden einige 10tel mm bis zu 1 dm, insbesondere 2 bis 70 mm, beträgt.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the length of the spacer threads is a few 10ths of a mm to 1 dm, in particular 2 to 70 mm. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine ein- oder beidseitige Beschichtung.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a one- or two-sided coating. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung aus flexiblen Polymeren wie Polyurethan, PVC, Silikonkautschuk oder Mischungen als auch Mehrschichtstrukturen daraus sowie aus weniger flexiblen Beschichtungssystemen besteht.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 9, characterized in that the coating consists of flexible polymers such as polyurethane, PVC, silicone rubber or mixtures as well as multi-layer structures thereof and of less flexible coating systems. Stromleitfähiges Gewirk oder Gestrick für Heizzwecke nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung durch Verklebung einer Kunststofffolie oder einer Lage aus steifem Material, auch Metall, oder durch Einsatz von Schmelzfolien direkt und/oder indirekt erfolgt.Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to claim 9, characterized in that the coating is carried out by bonding a plastic film or a layer of rigid material, including metal, or by using fused directly and / or indirectly. Wirk- oder Strickmaschine zum Herstellen des stromleitfähigen Gewirkes oder Gestrickes nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre Umlenkorgane abgerundete glatte Kanten und große Umlenkradien für die Carbonfäden bei minimaler Reibung besitzen und wobei die Carbonfäden einer sehr schonenden Querkraftbelastung ausgesetzt werden.Knitting or knitting machine for producing the current-conducting knitted or knitted fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that their deflection members rounded smooth edges and large deflection radii for the carbon threads at minimum Have friction and the carbon fibers are exposed to a very gentle lateral force load. Verwendung des stromleitfähigen Gewirkes oder Gestrickes für Heizzwecke nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche zur Auskleidung von Bekleidung oder Stiefeln sowie Flächenheizungen oder sphärisch geformte Heizungen hergestellt durch Konfektion oder Tiefziehen für Bau, Wohnen oder Möbel, Kfz- oder Flugzeugsitzbezüge sowie Matratzen, Unterbetten, Decken und Kissenbezüge.Use of the current-conducting knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes according to one or more of the preceding claims for lining clothing or boots, as well as underfloor heating or spherically shaped heating produced by confectioning or thermoforming for construction, living or furniture, vehicle or aircraft seat covers and mattresses, underblankets, blankets and pillowcases.
EP06003956A 2005-03-04 2006-02-27 Electrically conducting knitted fabric for heating purposes, use thereof and knitting machine Active EP1699266B1 (en)

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DE102005010540A DE102005010540A1 (en) 2005-03-04 2005-03-04 Conductive knitted or knitted fabric for heating purposes, its use and knitting or knitting machine

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FR2922405A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-17 Mdb Texinov Sas Textile heating structure for e.g. car seat, has resistive threads connected by conductive warp threads and releasing heat by Joule effect, where conductive threads are integrated in fabric weave during fabrication
DE102008034815A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Electrical surface heating element is sectionally formed as heating knitted fabric with flexible electrical heat conductor, where loop of heating knitted fabric, forms multiple knitting rows that are interlaced with each other
EP3561163A1 (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-10-30 KnitWarm Limited Knitted fabric having heat generating function and manufacturing method therefor
EP3681248A1 (en) * 2019-01-10 2020-07-15 Physiotherm Holding GmbH Flat designed infrared heater

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DE102009003867A1 (en) 2008-05-05 2010-02-25 Alexander Tomachev Electrically conductive polymer ribbon and polymer tissue combination for producing e.g. areal heating element to heat wall, has yarns with electrically non-conductive polymer, natural or monofilament fibers formed as elastic fibers
WO2009135487A2 (en) 2008-05-05 2009-11-12 Elena Tolmacheva Electrically conductive polymer ribbon and polymer tissue on the basis of electrically conductive polymer fibers, yarns, threads and cords for areal heating elements
DE102008053314A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-29 Entrak Energie- Und Antriebstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Clothing for personal conditioning
EP2456282B1 (en) 2010-11-18 2012-09-12 Mattes & Ammann GmbH & Co. KG Distance knitted fabric for heating purposes, method for producing same and use of same
DE102013112859A1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-21 GFT Filanova GmbH Heating arrangement
DE102019103935B4 (en) * 2019-02-15 2020-12-24 Müller Textil GmbH Heating insert in the form of a knitted spacer section and a heatable interior component

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FR2922405A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-17 Mdb Texinov Sas Textile heating structure for e.g. car seat, has resistive threads connected by conductive warp threads and releasing heat by Joule effect, where conductive threads are integrated in fabric weave during fabrication
DE102008034815A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-02-04 Cotexx Gmbh Electrical surface heating element is sectionally formed as heating knitted fabric with flexible electrical heat conductor, where loop of heating knitted fabric, forms multiple knitting rows that are interlaced with each other
EP3561163A1 (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-10-30 KnitWarm Limited Knitted fabric having heat generating function and manufacturing method therefor
US11280032B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2022-03-22 Knitwarm Limited Manufacturing method for knitted fabric having heat generating function
EP3681248A1 (en) * 2019-01-10 2020-07-15 Physiotherm Holding GmbH Flat designed infrared heater

Also Published As

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ATE373941T1 (en) 2007-10-15
DE102005010540A1 (en) 2006-09-07
ES2294746T3 (en) 2008-04-01
EP1699266B1 (en) 2007-09-19
DE502006000100D1 (en) 2007-10-31

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