Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07766—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
  • G06K19/07769—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the further communication means being a galvanic interface, e.g. hybrid or mixed smart cards having a contact and a non-contact interface
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
  • G06K19/0707—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
  • G06K19/0712—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of triggering distinct operating modes or functions dependent on the strength of an energy or interrogation field in the proximity of the record carrier
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
  • G06K19/0715—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including means to regulate power transfer to the integrated circuit
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/0772—Physical layout of the record carrier
  • G06K19/07726—Physical layout of the record carrier the record comprising means for indicating first use, e.g. a frangible layer

Definitions

• the invention relates to the secure operation within a smart portable object, of a contactless communication interface simultaneously with a contact or galvanic communication interface. It also relates to the secure operation of an application whose data pass through the contactless interface simultaneously to a separate application whose data pass through the galvanic interface. Full simultaneous immunity to variations in energy resources is targeted here.
• the invention also applies to an intelligent object comprising at least two interfaces of the same type or of different type. A distinction should be made here between intelligent portable objects on the one hand, and electronic data transmission terminals on the other. Intelligent portable objects are for example smart cards, electronic tickets, so-called “dongle” cards or other modules such as those for proximity communication (e.g.: NFC) or semi-proximity (e.g.: BlueTooth).
• the contactless interface includes an antenna integrated into a module of this object; and or ; integrated into a card body of this object; and or ; integrated into the terminal to be secured, and connected by galvanic terminal block. Therefore, the intelligent portable objects concerned here are structurally in contact and without contact; they are called “CombiCard” or object with dual interface. In other words, these objects have both: - means and steps for remote communication via a contactless interface, with one or more electronic data transmission terminals and / or other remote portable objects; as well as - means and steps of communication by galvanic or contact connection via a galvanic or ohmic interface called "with contacts".
• the contactless interface is at least partly internal to the object. Note however that all of the objects concerned meet the standard
• the contactless communication protocol used by the object it is, according to examples, of: ISO.IEC14443 (RF); communication specifications such as proximity like ECMA340 called “NFC” or semi-proximity like "BlueTooth” and other broadband communications called “WiFi”.
• RF communication specifications
• proximity like ECMA340 called “NFC” or semi-proximity like "BlueTooth” and other broadband communications called “WiFi”.
• WiFi WiFi
• Hitachi AE45X Renesas
• Infineon SLE 66CLX320P Philips P5CT072
• STMicroElectronics ST19XR34 Now let's talk about the transmission terminals concerned by the invention.
• terminals are for example cellular telephones (eg: GSM, 3GPP; UMTS; CDMA; Etc.) portable personal assistants (eg: PDA), decoding box and computers. They are preferably secured by at least one intelligent portable object.
• the terminals referred to here are not restrictively secured by an object in physical format "SIM".
• Certain embodiments of these terminals are capable (means and steps) of their own wireless communication. This communication complies for example with GSM, 3GPP, UMTS, CDMA or similar standards. It is for the sake of simplicity that in the examples, the terminal and the object comply with the 3GPPTS11.11 standard, in particular in chapter 412 as regards the physical format "SIM".
• the document EP0865167 describes a mobile network terminal which includes a high precision clock to provide a time base in a normal operating mode, "a slow clock” to provide the time base in a degraded operating mode, as well as at least one processor coupled to the high precision clock and the "slow clock” to control the operating mode.
• a processor coupled to the high precision clock and the "slow clock” to control the operating mode.
• the term "transaction” designates the transmission of at least one order from the terminal to the object, as part of an application (eg: payment, identity, telephony, access).
• the contact application securing a telephone conversation
• the contactless application targets access - transport, premises, etc.
• a transaction eg: telephone conversation
• an application such as access authorization
• the contactless application is aborted abruptly, since the beginning of an application for the benefit of the terminal via the contact interface causes a reset of the chip, and often the loss of data useful to the user.
• contactless application Symmetrically, the other transition, which is currently impossible, is also targeted. According to this, when the object is suddenly called up via the contactless interface for an application, while an application via the contact interface for another application is already in progress, the contact application ceases.
• a sleep state is in current practice, relatively to the active states.
• the object in a state of sleep during 95% of the time of use of this terminal.
• the only resources available are a reduced power supply, as well as an external clock signal from the contact interface.
• These limited resources do not allow an application from the contactless interface to be processed. This is justified to date, for example by requirements of partitioning within the same object, between strongly secure contact applications (banking, telephone, etc.) and contactless applications. It would therefore be necessary to be able to simultaneously have access to external resources in this case, in particular in terms of electrical power.
• the chip needs an external reference to use an internal clock: this external reference is not currently available. It should therefore be possible to allow a contactless application to function or at least to complete correctly, without consuming resources (power and / or clock) from the contact interface beyond what the standards imposed on this contact interface requires.
• Another problem encountered relates to an object having two or more interfaces (Contact, contactless, USB, etc.) and intended for the simultaneous use of at least two of these interfaces.
• This problem is related to the fact that an application executing in the object is not able to determine which are and in which state are the active interfaces (ie: how many and which of the interfaces provides power and / or clock).
• an application embedded in the object is not currently able to take the necessary decisions according to the state of the interfaces.
• this application cannot function properly (for example, cancel a transaction initiated on an interface that has prematurely deactivated). This is the case during a pullout.
• its interfaces can be activated or deactivated, while an application embedded in the object is executed continuously without being interrupted.
• An object of the invention is the operation of a contact interface simultaneously with a contactless interface, in all states and according to all the transitions useful for cohabitation (we then say that it is "fully used simultaneously"), or even the exchange of data, between a contact application and another without contact.
• the invention also applies to an intelligent object comprising at least two interfaces. In particular at least two contact interfaces or two contactless interfaces or a mixture of the two. For example an interface according to one of the versions of ISO7816 and an interface for object of type MMC (Multimedia Card), NFC or USB.
• An object relates to a method of immunity to variations in resources of a portable object comprising a processor unit, at least two communication and / or contact and / or contactless power supply interfaces, said method comprising at least one step of control of an availability state of at least one resource on one of the interfaces and a step of selection of resource (s). It is distinguished in that the method comprises the following steps according to which an interrupt signal is generated towards the processor block during a variation in availability of resource (s) and in that the processor processes the interrupt signal for allow selection of resources. According to other embodiments: an interrupt signal is generated by a resource controller as a function of transitions of availability states of at least one resource.
• the interrupt signal is generated for the following transitions: - transition from a low consumption state, to a power supply via the contactless interface: the interruption takes place if the voltage via this interface is higher than a threshold voltage; - transition from a supply via the contactless interface to the cessation of this supply: the interruption takes place when the voltage received by the contactless interface is less than a threshold voltage; - transition from a supply via the contactless interface to a supply via the contact interface; and - transition or zeroing sequence controlled by the contact interface, with the supply via the contact interface; - during a transition from a supply via the contactless interface to the cessation of this supply: the interruption takes place when the voltage received by the contactless interface is less than a threshold voltage; and in the process, the chip is put to sleep; the critical threshold voltage value is predetermined so as to allow a transfer without risk of complete cessation of the supply of the chip; for example, the value of this threshold voltage is slightly greater than a minimum operating voltage of the chip; - This process includes at least one immediate
• the device comprises immunity means comprising: a power consumption diode from the contactless interface, and a logic gate ensuring switching between two power consumption modes (via contact interface or via contactless interface);
• the immunity means include: at least one wired mechanism capable of detecting the presence of a power resource from the contact interface and from the contactless interface; this mechanism having at least two registers using which the immunity means inform the state of power resources; so that any modification of these registers results in an alert signal, for example in the form of an interruption; wiring connecting the mechanism to a processor block, so that the immunity means, after having consulted the registers, then select the power source used;
• the immunity means include a wired mechanism present in the guarantee chip that the selected source supplies electricity to the chip; the immunity means comprise at least one functional block forming a power controller, which perceive
• This device provides at least one functional block forming a power controller, according to the status of the power resources; this functional block comprises cabling or the like, supplying the chip with appropriate voltage and power, informing this chip of the appearance and / or disappearance of supply resources from the contact interfaces and / or without touching; - This device comprises a functional block forming a sleep controller, of conformation of the chip to constraints of low consumption during sleep states; - this functional block forming a sleep controller, complies with the power supply from the contact interface in superficial sleep states, at less than 200 ⁇ A; and in deep sleep states, less than 100 ⁇ A.
• Another object of the invention is a transmission terminal, comprising at least one connection by galvanic contact to an intelligent portable object with dual interface, with a contact interface allowing the object to secure this terminal.
• This object is provided with a chip and being able to communicate with the terminal via the contact interface according to standard IS07816.3; the object being further provided with a contactless interface communicating according to another contactless standard.
• This terminal is able to participate in the implementation of the method, and / or to receive the object comprising the device, mentioned above.
• the terminal forms a cell phone (eg: GSM, 3GPP, UMTS CDMA; Etc.) and / or portable personal assistant (eg: PDA) and / or decoding box and / or computer.
• a cell phone eg: GSM, 3GPP, UMTS CDMA; Etc.
• PDA portable personal assistant
• Another object of the invention is an intelligent portable object capable of participating in the implementation of the method, and / or of receiving the object comprising the device, and / or of being connected to a terminal, mentioned above.
• This object is dual interface, and provided with a chip; this object being able to communicate with at least one electronic data transmission terminal via a contact interface according to ISO7816.3, as well as contactless via a contactless interface and according to another contactless standard; this process providing that: the terminal is secured by the object via the contact interface.
• the object comprises: a source of energy on board the object such as a solar collector or an accumulator, format for substitution of energy resources from contact or contactless interfaces;
• a source of energy on board the object such as a solar collector or an accumulator, format for substitution of energy resources from contact or contactless interfaces;
• the object contains exclusively energy resources from contact or contactless interfaces, and therefore has no on-board energy source.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view which illustrates the operation of the invention, where the object is inserted in a terminal here in the form of a cellular telephone or the like
• - Figure 4 is a schematic plan view from above, of a circuit part within an object according to the invention and connected to a terminal to be secured
• - Figure 5 is a schematic plan view from above, of a circuit part within an object according to the invention and connected to a terminal to be secured
• - Figure 6 is a schematic logical graph, which illustrates conventional steps and transitions within an object inserted in a terminal, as found in practice
• - Figure 7 is a schematic logic graph similar to that of Figure 6, but which illustrates steps and transitions according to the invention
• - Figure 8 is a logic diagram of the wiring and software architecture of a chip for intelligent portable object according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular capable of determining which are and in which state are the active interfaces.
• an intelligent portable object is designated at 1.
• objects 1 are for example smart cards, electronic tickets, so-called “dongle” cards or other modules such as those for proximity (eg: NFC) or semi-proximity (eg: BlueTooth) communication.
• NFC proximity
• semi-proximity eg: BlueTooth
• These are secure, non-removable and "portable” objects, ie capable of being put in a pocket due to their smaller dimensions than those of electronic data transmission terminals 2. Examples of such objects 1 are illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5.
• These objects 1 are capable of communicating remotely with one or more electronic terminals 2 for data transmission and / or other objects 1, via a contactless interface 3. This interface 3 provides contactless communication via an antenna 4.
• the object 1 has the usual forms of smart card.
• This object 1 comprises here: a card body 5, inside or on the surface of which is inserted - possibly within a module - a chip 6 (FIG.
• a galvanic contact interface 7 is also connected to the chip 6: it comprises a terminal block opening out to a main external surface of the body 5.
• the body 5 has an external form factor as defined by ISO7816, in which the object 1 itself is detachably integrated. Once the periphery of the body 5 has been detached, the object 1 itself has an external form factor as defined by the 3GPPTS11.11 (411 and 412) or GSM standard, and called "SIM".
• the terminal block for interface 7 is also defined by these standards. Here it has six to eight contact pads (Figure 2) Cl, C2, C3, C5, C6 and C7. If necessary, this terminal block also includes areas C4 and C8.
• the ranges C4 and C8 are not used in the operation of a conventional cell phone terminal 2 called "GSM". These areas C4 and C8 are according to standards, each connected to a port on the chip 6.
• the contactless interface 3 comprises an antenna 4 integrated into the terminal 2 to be secured, and connected via the galvanic link offered by the areas C4 and C8 of the contact interface 7.
• the antenna 4 is external to the object 1, as shown in FIG. 3.
• the data signals passing through the contact pads C2 and C7 in particular are digital signals called "digital" of binary type.
• modulated signals Hertzians for example
• These terminals 2 are for example (FIG. 3) cellular telephones (eg: GSM, 3GPP, UMTS, CDMA, etc.), portable personal assistants (eg: PDA as in FIG. 2), decoding box and computers, in particular within networks, or even interactive terminals or access control equipment (transport, infrastructure, IT equipment, etc.).
• PDA personal assistants
• decoding box and computers in particular within networks, or even interactive terminals or access control equipment (transport, infrastructure, IT equipment, etc.).
• These are removable electronic devices - and portable at best, that is to say easily transportable for example by a carrier 8-.
• All the terminals 2 according to the invention ie secured via the contact interface 7 by an object 1 as mentioned, are able to communicate remotely with other terminals 2 -for example those represented on the right in the figure 3- remotely, that is to say without contact.
• the contactless communication of these terminals 2 secured by an object 1 is illustrated by waves and designated at 9.
• Another communication called transaction or application, illustrated by arrows and designated at 10, is that without contact which is capable of object 1 via its interface 3 and therefore the antenna 4.
• Communication 9 also called application is to be distinguished from that of which object 1 is capable via its interface 3 and therefore antenna 4. Let us illustrate here the content of these communications 9 and 10 by the example of a cell phone terminal 2, equipped with an object 1 according to the invention.
• the communication 9 allows a secure purchase from the terminal 2, and from a service server such as that illustrated at the bottom left in FIG. 2 - which is itself connected to the cellular reception terminal represented by terminal 2 at the top left.
• This purchase is recorded in the form of values, in the object 1.
• the communication 10 then makes it possible to debit on the fly the values thus purchased.
• FIG. 6 state of the art
• FIG. 7 invention
• FIG. 8 designated at 120 with in particular: a volatile memory called “RAM” (in FIG. 8 designated at 122), non-volatile called “ROM” (in FIG. 8 designated at 121) and rewritable “EEPROM” (in FIG. 8 designated at 123); - communication block (in FIG. 8 cf. blocks designated at 102 and 109); note that in FIG. 8, a data transfer bus 124 - also sometimes called "I / O" input / output block - connects block 120 and others including 102 and 109; - processor block called “CPU” (in FIG. 8 designated at 108); this processor block 108 implements data processing, which takes the form, as the case may be, of an operating system, of applications, etc.
• RAM volatile memory
• ROM non-volatile called “ROM”
• EEPROM in FIG. 8 designated at 123
• - communication block in FIG. 8 cf. blocks designated at 102 and 109
• - specialized processing block eg: a coprocessor, a time delay (designated at 126, in FIG. 8); etc.
• Figure 8 see Figure 8 and the passages relating thereto infra.
• the latter is placed in various states including: - extinct state called “OFF”, illustrated at 11 in the figures, such that the object 1 is out of operation (ie “ off, off "), without data processing or power consumption; - working state called “ON”, that is to say in operation (12-18), allowing the management of interfaces 3 and 7 as well as the processing of applications (with contact 9 and without contact 10).
• this contact interface 7 does not provide any electrical power supply.
• the contact interface 7 In its "Active" status (usually called “VCC ON"), the contact interface 7 at least supplies electric current to chip 6, this chip 6 able to consume within the limits imposed which are usually sufficient for normal operation of the object 1; This is the case when the terminal 2 obtains that an application 9 using the contact interface 7 for the exchange of data and resources, is processed by the object 1.
• This "VCC" supply from the interface 7 is furthermore able to be placed in so-called “Low Consumption” status, as explained below.
• states 13, 14, 17, 18 are said to be “Low Consumption” which impose a maximum value of consumption punctuated by the object 1 via its contact interface 7:
• states of low consumption There are thus currently distinguished among the states of low consumption, the: - shallow sleep (called “LOW POWER VCC”); and - deep sleep (known as “LOW POWER VCC with Pause H”).
• NB "H" for Clock.
• power consumption is imposed when it draws its resources from the contact interface 7, in two constraining cases: - in deep sleep must be punctured via the contact interface 7, less than -ie at most- lOO ⁇ A; - in superficial sleep, must be punctured via the contact interface 7, less than -ie at most- 200 ⁇ A.
• the constraints of low consumption are respected during sleeps, by stopping the treatments and saving the data necessary for a subsequent resumption of these treatments. These necessary data are in particular the previous context (eg: data, registers). In this sleep state, currently, the chip 6 cannot process a contactless application.
• one of the aims of the invention is, once the chip 6 (according to the embodiments, by logic and / or wired means such as its "CPU" block) in sleep, to ensure the possibility of reaching a working state in which its electrical power supply comes in particular from the contactless interface 3, while respecting the consumption limits imposed on the interface 7. Furthermore, says chip 6 in deep sleep with Pause Clock
• the resource" RF indicates the state (" Off / Active) of the contactless interface 3, which is of the Radio Frequency (RF) type in the example of the ISO14443 standard.
• the contactless interface 3 In its Active state, the contactless interface 3 ensures a contactless transaction, that is to say a remote transaction, such as: - transmission and / or - reception of modulated signals (data, resources) and - processing of an application using in particular the data of these signals. In its Stop state, this contactless interface 3 does not carry out any transaction.
• the "Sleep” status indicates respectively ("No / Yes") if the chip 6 is not or is in a low consumption state on the contact interface 7.
• the "PauseH” status indicates respectively ( “No / Yes") if the chip 6 is not or is supplied as an external clock signal, during the low consumption state, from the contact interface 7.
• Tables 1 and 2 above each illustrate the situation encountered in these states or transitions, with current objects 1 (1A and IB).
• FIG. 6 we note in addition to the possible states and transitions (designated by: "OK"), as in FIG. 6: - two impossible states (17; 18) (designated by: “NOK”); and - twelve transitions (15.16; 16.15; 17.18; 18.17; 14.18; 18.14; 16.17; 17.16; 13.17; 17.13; 17.15; 18.15) impossible ("NOK").
• the left column of the graphs in Figures 6 and 7 illustrates the states related to the operation of the contact interface 7. While the right column illustrates the states related to the operation of the contactless interface 3. Note here that by default , when a reverse transition is not mentioned, it is simply a return path, and therefore does not require further explanation. And that in Figure 6, the (five) impossible transitions are illustrated by star outlines. While the (two) impossible states to reach are illustrated by a hatched frame. In addition to a state 11, the middle column (states 16, 17 and 18) describes desired states for an object 1 fully used simultaneously according to the invention. The states are illustrated by boxes, and the transitions between these states - possible or impossible - are illustrated by oriented arrows.
• the Disabled state 11 corresponds in the case of a cellular telephone terminal 2, to the situation according to which this terminal 2 is switched off and unusable as it is by the carrier 8. From the Disabled state 11, a transition 11.12 on Figures 6 and 7 achieves a state 12 according to which the object 1 is in operation via contact interface 7 (called: operating state via contact interface). This state 12 is called “in operation via contact interface”. In the example of the cell phone terminal 2, this usual transition 11.12 corresponds to the action of the carrier 8 which turns on its terminal 2.
• the terminal 2 addresses the object 1 via the terminal block of the interface 7, a reset signal (MaZ).
• the first bytes of a reset response protocol (called "ATR") are then sent by the object 1 to the terminal 2 via the interface 7. When these exchanges are successful, the object 1 is able to directly process commands from the interface 7, and from the terminal 2 secured by this object 1. From the operating state via contact interface 12, a transition
• transition 11.15 corresponds to the case where the antenna 4 is exposed to the field of a modulated signal without contact (eg: RF), this signal carries resources (energy and clock) as well as data under frame form.
• RF modulated signal without contact
• the antenna 4 is exposed to a modulated field without contact (energy and data), but where the object 1 does not have resources from the contact interface 7.
• This transition 11.15 leads to the state in operation via interface 3 without contact 15. Then, object 1 is able to directly process commands from interface 3.
• State 16 is called dual interface operation. In FIGS. 6 and 7, this state 16 corresponds to the situation according to which the contact interface 7 is in operation, just as the other contactless interface 3 is in operation. This state 16 is the only dual operating state currently possible, that is to say in which the contact 7 and contactless 3 interfaces operate at the same time. Note that in the objects 1 available to date, only the transitions 12.16 and 16.12 are possible (OK).
• transitions from state 15 as well as from new state 17 to state 16 are impossible (NOK).
• transitions 12.16 and 16.12 it is necessary to have the contact and non-contact interfaces (7 and 3) coexist as well as the applications 9 and 10 using these interfaces, respectively. Due in particular to the impossible transitions mentioned above, we cannot speak with current interfaces and applications, of full and simultaneous use.
• the transition 12.16 corresponds to the case - always in the example of the cellular terminal 2 - where the contact interface 7 operates (resource and application 9) while the antenna 4 enters a field perceived by the contactless interface 3 (transaction 10). Let us evoke here the transition currently impossible 16.16.
• the problem encountered during this so-called “hot zeroing” transition 16.16 is that it does not really reinitialize the chip 6, unlike the effect currently induced by the zeroing signal (MaZ) received from the contact interface 7.
• the terms "hot” and "cold” are defined in particular in ISO7816.3. This is to ensure that a transaction in progress via the contactless interface continues to proceed normally.
• the invention proposes means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the contactless transaction in progress, during the putting into operation of the contact interface 7. These means are circuits within the chip 6 and / or logical instructions. Within state 16, the invention distinguishes various cases, depending on the origin of the resources consumed by the chip 6.
• the power supply of the chip 6 can originate from:. VCC ie from contact interface 7; .
• the clock supplied to chip 6 can originate from:. The contact interface 7; .
• An internal clock generator, such as that in FIG. 8 is designated at 113 and detailed below.
• the invention thus makes it possible, within state 16 and therefore during simultaneous processing of the applications, to change the source of supply and / or of the clock, according to the necessities of the moment, and without risk of updating. untimely zero.
• the means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the transaction are also called "Fake Reset".
• These means 101 and / or holding steps (101) provide in particular at least one physical element and / or logical phase of delay and / or simulation of zeroing, ordered by the contact interface 7 when it is started or analogous zero-setting situations.
• These means 101 and / or holding step comprise in one example at least one element and / or phase of detection of zero setting, in the example of FIG.
• the holding means 101 are connected at the input to a functional block 107 and / or an equivalent logic phase, which operates the detection in question.
• This block 107 is described later in detail.
• a logic maintenance phase also operates a zero detection.
• This logical phase includes an interrupt processing routine. Note that on initial powering of the chip 6, whatever its source (interface 3 or 7), a reset must nevertheless be able to take place. Such a zeroing aims at starting the chip 6 cleanly, and is not operated by the means 101 and / or holding steps.
• Such holding means 101 illustrated in FIG. 8 are sometimes called in practice "interrupt controller block".
• At least one element and / or phase of delaying the instructions for resetting the means (101) and / or holding step comprises a memory zone address, with a chosen code.
• This memory area receives instructions from the chosen code, the execution of which generates - eg using resources of the means 101 - commands for, depending on the embodiments: - timeout blocking via the contact interface 7, by example by sending a single byte of usual response command ("ATR") to the activation of the zero setting; and / or - continuation of the application using the contactless interface 3; and / or - keeping in memory without erasing, of data useful for this contactless application; and / or - verification of the active state of the contact interface 7; and / or - resumption of the functions required for the contact interface 7, for example by sending a series of response control bytes ("ATR").
• this recovery occurs after a predefined number of clock cycles, eg of the order of 400 to 40,000 clock cycles.
• a transition 15.16 - from zeroing (MaZ) - from state 15 in operation via the contactless interface 3 to state 16 of dual interface operation is impossible.
• an untimely reset is inevitable.
• a reverse transition 16.15 is also made possible by the invention.
• the object 1 is initially processing an application for the benefit of the contactless interface 3, and - the object 1- is requested by the terminal 2 via the contact interface 7.
• Tel is for example the case for a terminal 2 forming a cellular telephone (the contact application securing a telephone conversation) and where the contactless application aims for access -transport, premises, etc.-: It is currently not possible to start a transaction to be secured by the object 1 via the contact interface 7, while an application such as access authorization is already in progress via the contactless interface 3. In general to date, the contactless application is aborted abruptly, because the start of an application for the benefit of terminal 2 via the contact interface 7 causes a reset (MaZ) of the chip 6. And often the loss of data useful for the contactless application.
• MaZ reset
• the invention provides in embodiments means 102 and / or immediate warning step. These means 102 and / or warning step then complement, or even replace, the means 101 and / or maintenance step. The means 102 and / or warning step thus ensure correct operation of the chip 6 in state 16. Furthermore, according to the transition 16.15, the object 1 is initially requested via the contact interface 7 for an application, as well as simultaneously via the contactless interface 3 for another application. Currently, if the contact application then stops, an untimely zeroing occurs.
• transition 12.16 state 16 in dual interface operation, can only be reached via transition 12.16.
• transition 12.16 possible to state 16 -as well as for the reverse transition (to state 12) - a message must be transmitted to the application (respectively 10 and 9 for inverse).
• the transition 15.16 impossible means that in the example of a cellular terminal 2, it is therefore impossible to put this terminal 2 into operation while a transaction 10 is in progress via the contactless interface 3.
• An illustration is the purchase of a transport ticket operated via the contactless interface 3
• the holder 8 activates his terminal 2 in order to have a telephone call 9
• the risk is then to lose the data of the transaction 10 in progress via the contactless interface 3, and to cause inconvenience to the carrier 8 (access to the means of transport refused or delayed).
• the chip 6 causes zeroing
• this avoidance is for example obtained by sending, via the means 102 and / or step of warning to the system in charge of managing this transaction ( ⁇ application 9 and / or 10), a warning signal with regard to this transition.
• the operating system thus warned, is able to operate this transition 15.16 while preserving communication, data, etc.
• this transition 15.16 calls for: interruption
• the means 102 and / or warning steps allow the contactless application to save essential data (ie: necessary for a subsequent recovery). Such a backup is often called a "back-up".
• the invention provides for a pause of the contactless transaction 10, the sending of a message to the application 9 in order to indicate to it that the contact interface 7 is active . The application 9 then processes the data from this contact interface 7.
• transition 16.15 provides (via means and / or stages) an element and / or phase of switching resources so that they are punctured via the contactless interface 3.
• warning means immediate 102 take on FIG. 8, the form of a functional block sometimes called "UART".
• These means 102 represent the serial communication devices conforming to the ISO7816 standard for the contact interface 7, as well as to a standard such as ISO14443 for the contactless interface 3.
• interruptions are generated in particular when a reception buffer called "buffer" is considered to be full. That is to say that a protocol frame has been correctly received and can be processed by an operating system of the chip 6. This allows in particular the application using the contact interface 7 to carry out certain treatments. without being disturbed by the reception of data. These interruptions notify the application that data is available for processing.
• the means 102 and / or warning step include / operate at least one element / initialization phase, which includes: - detection of a source without touching ; then - detection of data from a demodulation; - anti-collision; Within a modulator - demodulator (MODEM) a contactless source is transformed into binary form; an initialization is then carried out and for example an anti-collision treatment is carried out; and - once the frame is considered to have been correctly received and the previous steps carried out normally, the usual processing operations are authorized.
• a functional block 104 groups together the modulator -r demodulator (MODEM) and anti-collision processing elements.
• the block 104 is connected via the contact pads C4 and C8.
• This state 17 is impossible to reach (in particular from states 13 and 16) with a current object 1.
• This state 17 is often achieved thanks to the invention, since the state 13 of superficial sleep.
• the power supply from the contact interface 7 is limited, while simultaneously resources from the contactless interface 3 are required by the object 1.
• this state 17 let us return to the example of the terminal 2 in the form of a cellular telephone secured by an object 1 whose contactless interface 3 is able to process so-called contactless applications.
• This state 17 appears when an application is operated for the contactless interface 3, while the supply of electrical power to the object 1 from its contact interface 7 is limited.
• the contact application is awaiting an order from the terminal 2, as part of the transaction in progress. In other words, it involves processing an application via the contactless interface 3 while the object 1 is on the side of its contact interface 7, in superficial sleep. Then, the supply of electrical power to the object 1 via the contact interface 7 becomes contrary to notably normative constraints.
• the invention allows in state 17 a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7, when the standards imposed on this interface 7 require it.
• the object 1 draws its power supply from the contactless interface 3, by rectifying the modulated signal picked up by the antenna 4.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a part of the circuit within an object 1 according to the invention, connected to a terminal 2 to be secured.
• the means 103 and / or steps of immunity to variations in power source comprise, according to this embodiment, such a circuit part, with: a diode 20 for limiting the power consumed from the contactless interface 3, and a logic gate 21 ensuring the switching between two modes of power consumption (via contact interface 7 or via contactless interface 3).
• the means 103 and / or immunity steps thus allows the selection by the operating system of the external resources to be used (electrical power) in the state 17 compatible with superficial sleep.
• the means 103 and / or immunity steps choose, according to the invention, the origin of the supply of the chip 6, from among: VCC ie from contact interface 7; .
• the immunity means 103 are provided with a wired mechanism (called Ml below - cf. FIG. 8) which makes it possible to detect the presence of a supply coming from the contact interface 7 (Vcc) and a power supply from the contactless interface 3 (Vdd).
• the means 103 comprise a functional block 107 and / or a logic phase, here called the power controller or "PWR", and another functional block 106 and / or an equivalent logic phase, which forms the sleep controller.
• PWR power controller
• the mechanisms M1 and M2, as well as the registers RI and R2 - and / or the equivalent logical steps - correspond in the embodiments of the invention, functionally to this block 107.
• the contact areas - Cl (VCC: power supply from the contact interface 7); - C2 (RST: MaZ reset); - C3 (CLK: clock from the contact interface 7); and - C5 (GND: earthing via the contact interface 7);
• This power supply controller block 107 of the means 103 has the function of supplying the chip 6 with appropriate voltage and power. And to inform the chip 6 of the appearance and / or disappearance of power resources from the interface 7 with contacts or 3 without contact.
• the inputs mentioned allow the means 103 to receive on the one hand a voltage coming from the contact interface 7 via the range C1 (Vcc).
• these inputs allow via a wiring 105 to route a voltage (Vdd) coming from the modulator - demodulator of the means 104, from the contactless interface 3.
• Vdd voltage
• CLK clock signals external
• RST - MaZ request for zeroing
• MaZ zeroing sequences conforming to the constraints imposed by the standards due to the use of the contact interface 7.
• these inputs of the means 103 take in terms of signal, the form of a temporal combination of voltage coming from the contact interface 7 (Vcc), digital clock signal (CLK), and digital setting signal to zero (RST).
• This block 107 also contains at least one configuration / information register (in this embodiment the registers RI and R2, FIG. 8) allowing the application executed by the processor block 108 (CPU) of the chip 6, to which block 107 is connected, to: - know which voltage source is available (via 3 and / or 7) - select the source (via 3 and / or 7) to be used in a given situation for powering the chip 6 (ie via 3 or 7 or mixed).
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power supply controller of the means 103, as illustrated, also has outputs.
• the block 107 is in a state such that as long as at least one external voltage source (via 3 and / or 7) is present, this block 107 supplies the entire chip 6 with an appropriate voltage, generated from one of (or a mixture of the two) input voltages (via 3 and / or 7) depending on the configuration selected.
• the appearance or disappearance of voltage sources (via 3 and / or 7) does not cause disturbance of the output voltage, provided that at least one available voltage, or even the mixing of the two voltages, is sufficient.
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power controller does not generate a zeroing signal intended for the block 108 (CPU) as long as this condition is fulfilled.
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power controller provides warnings in embodiments, which indicate the appearance of a power supply coming from the contactless interface 3.
• the operating system being thus warned, it triggers an initialization of the contactless transaction, by the functional block 104 and / or equivalent logic phases. Then, this operating system resumes processing of the contact application. This initialization sequence is processed in the background without disturbing the contact application.
• block 107 generates an interrupt to block 101 which here acts as interrupt controller, when the availability status of the sources (via 3 and / or 7) changes, and more particularly according to the following transitions: - Supply via contact interface 7: transition 16.15 from Active to Stop: only makes sense if chip 6 is still supplied via interface 3. - Supply via contactless interface 3: transition 13.17 or 14.18 from Stop at Active: the interruption takes place only if the voltage via the contactless interface 3 and exceeds a threshold voltage. For example, the value of this threshold voltage is slightly higher than a minimum operating voltage of the chip 6 sometimes called "POR".
• - Supply via contactless interface 3 transition 17.13 or 18.14 from Active to Stop: the interruption takes place when the voltage received by contactless interface 3 is less than a threshold voltage.
• a threshold voltage For example, the value of the critical voltage is predetermined to ensure a transfer - as fast as possible and without risk of complete cessation, of the contactless power supply (ie via 3) - of the power supply from the contactless interface 3 towards that which comes from the contact interface 7.
• the chip 6 is put to sleep. Note here that a tearing, and therefore the disappearance of the energy source from the contactless interface 3, is not instantaneous but progressive. In other words, early warning signs of a tearing are easily perceptible by the object 1.
• the interrupt generation signals to block 101 by block 107 make it possible to: -
• processing signals from the contactless interface 3 realize that the contact interface 7 requests a processing and decide to send the first bytes of response message to a reset request (ATR).
• ATR reset request
• An alternative would be to have terminal 2 send to object 1, a high level packet command, exchanged between two applications, known as "A.P.D.U.” (for English: "Application Protocol Data Unit"; according to standard
• the means 103 and / or logical power control steps - for example the block 107 in particular - send an initialization signal to the reset connector of the block 108 (CPU). This enables it to be implemented in particular by turning it on from the determined source via the means 103. Conversely, in certain situations, it seems preferable that the means
• a digital signal from the contact pad C2 is in the example of FIG. 8 perceived by the controller means and / or steps - block 107 in the embodiment of FIG. 8 - because a connection is planned towards these means and / or stages. In Figure 8, this link is wired.
• a reset request sequence originating from the contact interface 7 causes an interruption to the block 101 interrupt controller, in the same way as any other peripheral. An application whose data use the contact interface 7 can thus use this signal to determine whether or not it is necessary to send a response to a reset request (ATR) message.
• the means 102 - and / or suitable steps - of immediate warning comprise another universal block of transmission - asynchronous reception, but dedicated for its part to the contactless interface 3
• the means 103 also receive as input a signal coming from a functional block 106, forming a controller for sleep sometimes called "SLEEP CTRL".
• logical phases also form the sleep controller, at least in part.
• This block 106 connected as an input to the means 103, if necessary participates in the selection of the voltage source.
• the functional block 106 overrides an attempt to select an electrical source carried out via a configuration register, as described. Then, the selection logic is then transferred to this block 106 sleep controller, which then forms part of the means 103 of immunity.
• transition 13.17 are referred to below, the transitions 16.17 to state 17, as well as 17.13, 17.15 and 17.16 from this state 17.
• a transition 13.17 corresponds to the case where the terminal 2 is in the waiting state 13, the antenna 4 then being requested by a contactless field to be processed via the appropriate 3 interface.
• the transition 16.17 initially corresponds to the example where the terminal 2 is already in a state of operation 16 with a dual interface, the antenna 4 being processing an application via the contactless interface 3, even though the interface with contact 7 is requested.
• the object 1 is ordered to limit the resources it consumes from the contact interface 7.
• resources are necessary to ensure this pending field capture state 17: in particular the energy as well as the resources (clock, input and output data, etc.), used by interface 3 and the contactless application.
• the goal here is therefore to make possible a treatment using the contactless interface 3 while the terminal 2 requires superficial sleep.
• the situation is as follows in such a case.
• a current object 1 operates a transition 16.13 which stops the contactless application (via 3), but in practice such a transition (16.13) is not used.
• we remain in state 16 knowing that then the imposed resource limits (energy, clock, etc.) of terminal 2 are exceeded via the contact interface 7.
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention where means 103 comprise a circuit part within an object 1 according to the invention, connected by a range C1 of the interface 7, to a terminal 2 to secure.
• a diode 20 for limiting the power consumed from the interface is provided.
• these means 103 include an information processing functional block 21 ensuring switching between two modes of power consumption: - via the galvanic interface 7; or - via the contactless interface 3.
• FIG. 5 another part of the circuit of the means 103 can be seen within an object 1 according to the invention, which is also connected to a terminal 2 to be secured. This other circuit part forms elements 22 of immunity of the object 1 to the changes (transitions to state 17) of origin of the power.
• These immunity elements 22 include absorption resistors 23 of excess electrical power.
• the elements 22 also have, and logic switching means 24, ensuring the selection between two modes of power consumption (via galvanic interface 7 or via contactless interface 3), as a function of result values illustrating these consumptions as well as their developments.
• the elements 22 operate a selection of the resources to be used, which allow a contactless application 10 to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7 when the latter requires it, while providing the chip 6 with the resources required via a 25 "contactless" power input pad.
• a state 18 known as field capture in deep sleep This state 18 is close to state 17, and shown in FIG. 6. In this state 18, like state 17, the contact application is waiting for a command from terminal 2, as part of the current transaction.
• State 18 comes from the imagination for the purposes of the invention, from the other impossible state 17.
• the problem to be solved here is similar to the previous one, since it aims to support the disappearance of the clock source causing a state of deep sleep, while an application using the contactless interface has started. This is the case if the clock provided by the contactless interface 3 disappears, while a transition imposes on the contact interface 7 a state of deep sleep with clock pause.
• the standards require in particular in this case, that the terminal 2 connected to the contact interface 7 ceases to supply the clock which would be necessary for the contactless application.
• the invention aims to allow a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (eg clock and / or power) from the contact interface 7 when the standards imposed on this contact interface 7 require it.
• the problem is therefore the management of clock stops (PauseH on tables 1A and IB above) as a function of the appearances (transition 18.17) and disappearances (transition 17.18) of this clock resource from the contact interface 7.
• clock stops PauseH on tables 1A and IB above
• a current object 1 can process an application 9 or 10 without risk of data loss. But in the event of the disappearance of these clock resources, and except for having "internal" clock resources, that is to say during a change of state
• a solution used by the invention provides forcing the object 1 to seek its power supply on the side of the contactless interface 3. But only so as to allow it to reception of the signal from the antenna 4. However, the object 1 capable of receiving the antenna signal 4 is kept for the rest in state 18 of low consumption, without clock. From state 18 to state 14 (transition 18.14), a solution of the invention (means 110 and / or logical steps of clock control) provides - for example using wired means - d 'observe the variations in power supplied by the antenna 4 of the interface 3.
• the invention proposes means 111 and / or steps for continuous management of the applications.
• interrupt controller It is a functional block that centralizes interrupt signals from several devices. This block signals the arrival of an interrupt at block 108 (CPU) by means of an interrupt input pad 112.
• the controller block also has an information / configuration register which allows block 108 to: - Know which device has generated an interrupt; and / or - Activate and / or deactivate the interrupts generated by a given device (mask of interruption).
• an interrupt signal indicates the appearance or the disappearance of a voltage source. This allows an application executed in block 108 to know the state of the interfaces 3 and 7, at the physical level when it is a signal carried by a wiring.
• an interrupt signal indicates an ISO reset sequence on the contact interface side.
• an interrupt signal indicates the complete acquisition of a contactless frame, the anti-collision sequence being carried out successfully, for example in a physical manner by this block 102 and / or in fund task.
• an interrupt signal indicates that a sequence of bytes from this interface 7 is correctly acquired (the size of which is determined to be equal to: 1 to "n": ie the number of bytes in this sequence).
• this block receives as input, inter alia: - A supply of electric current (via cables 114 for supplying voltage and 115 for ground); and - Interrupt signals (via interrupt wiring 119 connected to pad 112 and connecting blocks 108 and 101); and the clock signal via a clock input wiring 117 itself connected to a clock control block 118 (described below); and - Zero-setting signals via wiring 116; and - Data, via wiring 125 itself connected to block 124.
• This block 108 exchanges data with the peripherals via block 124 forming a bus, while wiring 126 connected to block 108 provides the input-outputs of addresses which makes it possible to select the device for which the exchange of data on the data bus 124 takes place.
• block 108 (CPU) executes the application with and / or without contact (9/10) proper, comprising sequences of instructions stored in the memories of block 120 (in FIG. 8: RAM 122; ROM 121 and EEPROM 123).
• Block 108 is said to be in sleep mode when it is supplied with electric current, but the execution of the application with and / or without contact (9/10) is paused (with its context saved), which allows to consume few resources (especially electrical).
• steps and / or means 103 of immunity to variations in power source, comprising a block 107 have been described in relation to FIG. 8.
• the functional block 104 comprises the modulator - demodulator and anti-collision processing elements.
• This block notably has the function of converting the radio frequencies received by the antenna 4 here via the contacts C4 and C8 into: - Voltage intended for block 107. - Clock signal intended for block 118. - Data intended for universal block 102 of transmission - asynchronous reception dedicated to the contactless interface 3. Anti-collision steps specific to the type of contactless transmission picked up by the antenna 4, are provided here, transparently, in the background, without disturbing the operation of the processor block 108. Reference was made above to the clock control block 118. The purpose of this block 118 is to supply the block 108 (CPU) and the peripherals requiring it, with an appropriate clock signal.
• This block 118 receives as input: - The clock signal available on contact C3 (CLK); - The clock signal from block 104 which includes the modulator / demodulator; - If necessary signal from a block 113 internal clock.
• This internal clock must be generated by the voltage supplied by the power supply controller block 107. In certain embodiments, such a block 113 makes it easier the implementation when it is useful to have a clock signal independent of any external timing resource.
• This clock control block 118 has a configuration / information register allowing the application processed by the processor block 108 to choose the physical source of the clock supplied to this block 108, or else to choose a mode. automatic.
• a common implementation of the invention is as follows: the selection of the clock source is automatically carried out by block 118, so that the chip 6 is always timed by a clock signal.
• the invention also provides time delay means and / or steps.
• the choice of the timing source is made by wiring and / or logic phases from the operating system. For example, it is necessary for both contact and non-contact applications to have a time source, to testify to the activity of object 1 with regard to terminal 2 (confirmation of presence) .
• the timing source is exclusively: - internal (eg in the form of a locking phase loop called "PLL") to the object 1, in particular to its chip 6; - from the contactless interface 3; - From the contact interface 7.
• PLL locking phase loop
• Block 118 continuously provides, as required, a clock signal to chip 6 (except in deep sleep for reasons of energy saving). This now brings up the block 106 sometimes called "SLEEP CTRL", which manages the entry and / or exit stages in the sleep state.
• this block 106 has the function of guaranteeing compliance with the standards imposed on the contact interface 7, in the example of the cellular terminal 2 of the telephony standards.
• this block 106 has as inputs in particular a wiring coming from the block 101 interrupt controller (to receive the signal translating the event which conditions the awakening of the processor block 108). At output, this block 106 has in particular: - a wiring coming from block 101 via which the wake-up signals of processor block 108 pass; - Wiring from block 107 by which the power sources of the chip 6 are forced, only in certain embodiments.
• This block 106 also has an information / configuration register which allows the application processed by block 108 to select the event making it possible to wake up this block 108 (eg during a byte arrival step). in block 109 and / or appearance of a frame via the antenna 4).
• the invention also provides means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress on the side of the contact interface 7. According to these means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress, the application determines what is the maximum authorized consumption in progress from the contact interface 7. These means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress choose the power source for the chip 6, in terms of electrical power and / or clock. Then these means and / or step of selecting an operating mode in progress put the chip 6 to sleep.
• An implementation of the invention provides (state 13 or 14) for operation described as "normal”. Then, a transaction via the contact interface 7 alone is in progress, but the terminal 2 has not sent a command.
• the chip 6 is therefore in the waiting phase, and in order to satisfy the constraints of limiting current consumption, the application, using a dedicated instruction from block 108, puts it to sleep.
• a new command arrives (ie an activity is detected at the input of block 109)
• block 108 is woken up by this block 106, and the application resumes its course.
• a contactless transaction requests the interface 3 and is initiated
• the block 108 is awakened by this block 106 to process this transaction, without however consuming any energy or requiring clock on the side of the contact interface 7.
• this block 106 therefore informs block 107 that it must supply energy via block 104, then wakes up block 108.
• block 106 first wakes up the block 108; the application then receives a signal upon waking up informing it that a contactless transaction is starting. Therefore, the operating system itself configures the block 107 to use the power received by the contactless interface 3. This has the disadvantage of consuming energy from the contact interface 7, the time required to the operating system to switch block 107 to the energy source coming from the contactless interface 3.
• block 106 is configured, by the application, so as to comply with the consumption limits from the contact interface 7, via a register. In this case, it is the block 106 which otherwise reconfigures the block 107 before waking up the block 108 (CPU), which avoids excessive consumption on the contact interface 7.
• a step provides that the application itself requires block 108 to immediately return to sleep.
• block 107 prevents the application processed by this block 108 at a given time (due to the interruption of power supply via the contactless interface 3, transition from "Active to" Stop "). reflecting this interruption in the supply of power, is received by the application which is able in response to bypass its processing and to call the instruction of block 108 as soon as possible which allows it to go into sleep mode.
• the means 102 - and / or suitable steps - for immediate warning respectively comprise peripheral blocks and serial communication steps. interrupts are emitted when reception buffer memories are full, ie a contactless protocol frame is received and can be processed by chip 6. This allows the application to perform certain treatments without being disturbed by the reception of data. 2 These interruptions notify the application that data is available for processing.
• the invention when object 1 is processing a contact application, it is now possible for this object 1 to accept the start of a contactless application simultaneously.
• the invention therefore offers fully simultaneous management of two competing applications 9 and 10 and allows the asynchronous arrival of a contactless frame without disturbing the application in progress.
• the immunity 22 and switching means 24 ensure, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the immunity of the object 1 against a cut in the power supply of the object 1 by its contactless interface 3.
• L advantage is to allow a contactless application 10 to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7 when the latter prohibits it.
• two or more interfaces (Contact, contactless, USB, etc.) in an object 1 the simultaneous use of at least two of these interfaces is possible with the invention.
• An application running in object 1 is thus able to determine which interfaces are active (ie: how many and which of the interfaces provides power and clock).
• an application embedded in object 1 is able to take the necessary decisions according to the state of the interfaces 3 and 7. Consequently, this application can function correctly for example during a tear-off.

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