Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07766—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
  • G06K19/07769—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the further communication means being a galvanic interface, e.g. hybrid or mixed smart cards having a contact and a non-contact interface
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer

Definitions

• the invention relates to the secure operation within a smart portable object, of a contactless communication interface simultaneously with a contact or galvanic communication interface. It also relates to the secure operation of an application whose data pass through the contactless interface simultaneously to a separate application whose data pass through the galvanic interface. A fully simultaneous maintenance of an object with dual interface is targeted here.
• the invention also applies to an intelligent object comprising at least two interfaces, of the same type or of different type. First, let's talk about known techniques and their terminology. A distinction should be made here between intelligent portable objects on the one hand, and electronic data transmission terminals on the other. Intelligent portable objects are for example smart cards, electronic tickets, so-called “dongle” cards or other modules such as those for proximity (e.g.: NFC) or semi-proximity (e.g.:
• the contactless interface includes an antenna: integrated into a module of this object; and or ; integrated into a card body of this object; and or ; integrated into the terminal to be secured, and connected by galvanic terminal block. Therefore, the intelligent portable objects concerned here are structurally in contact and without contact; they are called “CombiCard” or object with dual interface. In other words, these objects have both: - means and steps for remote communication via a contactless interface, with one or more electronic data transmission terminals and / or other remote portable objects; as well as - means and steps of communication by galvanic or contact connection via a galvanic or ohmic interface called "contact".
• the contactless interface is at least partly internal to the object.
• the objects concerned preferably meet the ISO7816.3 standard.
• the contactless communication protocol used by the object it is, according to examples, of: ISO JEC14443 (RF); communication specifications such as proximity like ECMA340 called “NFC” or semi-proximity like "BlueTooth” and other broadband communications called “WiFi”.
• RF ISO JEC14443
• NFC proximity like ECMA340
• WiFi wireless fidelity
• a card having on the one hand a first interface with contact with its dedicated chip, and on the other hand a second contactless interface with a chip different from the contact chip, which is also dedicated.
• These "Twin” or “Hybrid” objects are not affected by the invention. Indeed, they do not allow data exchange between contact and contactless chips. Neither fully simultaneous operation.
• These terminals are for example cellular telephones (eg: GSM, 3GPP; UMTS; CDMA; Etc.) portable personal assistants (eg: PDA), decoding boxes and computers. They are secured by at least one intelligent portable object. Note that the terminals referred to here are not restrictively secured by an object in physical format "SIM".
• terminals are capable (means and steps) of their own wireless communication.
• This communication complies for example with GSM, 3GPP, UMTS, CDMA or similar standards.
• the terminal and the object comply with the standard
• the document FR2776788 relates to memory cards with multiple applications, capable of being connected to the terminals dedicated to an application contained in the card.
• a classified configuration table is produced in the card. This table is used to access for recording, for each application, the first byte address of the message (ATR - TOTAL SOLIDS) and, in a memory, the message address of other bytes.
• the configuration table is addressed by circular indexing to each "Reset" signal (MaZ) transmitted by the terminal and therefore feeds the messages (ATR) to the terminal for analysis. This indexing is maintained as long as the terminal has not identified a message corresponding to the application to which it is dedicated.
• An object of the invention is the operation of a contact interface simultaneously with a contactless interface, in all states and according to all the transitions useful for cohabitation (we then say that it is "fully used simultaneously"), or even the exchange of data, between a contact application and another without contact.
• the invention also applies to an intelligent object comprising at least two interfaces. In particular at least two contact interfaces, or two contactless interfaces or a mixture of the two.
• the term "transaction” designates the transmission of at least one order from the terminal to the object, as part of an application (eg: payment, identity, telephony, access).
• an application eg: payment, identity, telephony, access
• the procedure for starting an application according to ISO7816.3 via the contact interface and therefore by the secure terminal at the using the portable object plans in particular to supply electric current to this object, to provide it with a clock and to activate the resetting (MaZ) of the contact interface.
• MoZ resetting
• a problem encountered then is that the chip is currently reinitialized due to the mandatory activation of the reset (MaZ) of the contact interface. This is to ensure that a transaction in progress via the contactless interface continues to proceed normally. In other words, we seek to allow the maintenance of a contactless transaction in progress, during the operation of the contact interface.
• Another problem encountered involves two transitions that are currently impossible. According to one of these currently impossible transitions, the object is processing an application for the benefit of the contactless interface, and - the object - is requested by the terminal via the contact interface, so that this contactless application is processed simultaneously with another contact application which must start for the benefit of the terminal.
• Another problem encountered relates to a superficial state of sleep, according to which the power supply coming from the contact interface of the object is limited (standards), while simultaneously resources coming from the two interfaces -to and contactless- are required by the object. Also affected are transitions to and from this state.
• a sleep state is in current practice, relatively to the active states.
• the object it is not uncommon for the object to be in a state of sleep during 95% of the time of use of this terminal.
• the only resources available are a reduced power supply, as well as an external clock signal from the contact interface.
• Another problem encountered relates to an object having two or more interfaces (Contact, contactless, USB, etc.) and intended for the simultaneous use of at least two of these interfaces.
• This problem is related to the fact that an application executing in the object is not able to determine which are and in which state are the active interfaces (ie: how many and which of the interfaces provides power and / or clock).
• an application embedded in the object is not currently able to take the necessary decisions according to the state of the interfaces. As a result, this application cannot function properly (for example, cancel a transaction initiated on an interface that has prematurely deactivated). This is the case during a pullout.
• An object relates to a method for keeping an intelligent portable object in operation, provided with a processor unit having at least two communication and / or power supply interfaces with contacts and / or without contact, this method comprising a reinitialization step of the processor block.
• This method is distinguished in that it comprises at least one step of delaying and / or simulating the reinitialization in the case where a communication or an application is being processed by the processor block.
• the method comprises at least one phase for detecting a zero-setting transition (MaZ), capable of perceiving an interruption, for example in the form of an interrupt processing routine.
• the method provides at least one phase for delaying the zeroing instructions, which comprises at least one memory zone address, with a chosen code; this memory area receiving instructions from the chosen code, the execution of which generates delay commands.
• the execution of the instructions from the chosen code generates at least one of the following delay commands: - timeout blocking via the contact interface, for example by sending a single byte of the usual response command ("ATR") upon activation of the reset; - continuation of the application using the contactless interface; - keeping in memory without erasing, of data useful for this contactless application; - verification of the active state of the contact interface; - resumption of the functions required for the contact interface, for example by sending a series of response control bytes ("ATR").
• a delay command with resumption of functions occurs after a predefined number of clock cycles, eg of the order of 400 to 40,000 clock cycles.
• the immediate warning step provides for a phase of switching resources so that they are, at least in part, punctured via the contactless interface.
• the immediate warning step provides for a phase of switching resources so that they are, at least in part, punctured via the contact interface.
• interruptions are generated when a reception buffer memory is considered to be full, and can be processed by a system. processor block operation, for example these interrupts notify the application that data is available for processing.
• the warning step operates at least one phase of: - detection of this frame, for example due to the presence of a contactless source d 'electric energy ; - transformation of the frame into binary form, and initialization for example of anti-collision processing; and - once the frame is considered to have been correctly received and the previous steps carried out normally, usual processing is authorized.
• the other contactless standard is the ISO.IEC14443 standard relating to the contactless interface.
• Another object of the invention is a device for maintaining the fully simultaneous function of an intelligent portable object with dual interface, and provided with a processor block.
• This object is able to communicate with at least one electronic data transmission terminal via a contact interface according to ISO7816.3, as well as contactless via a contactless interface and according to another contactless standard.
• This device provides that: the terminal is connected to the object via the contact interface in order to be secured by the object; in dual interface operation state, the contact and contactless interfaces operating at the same time; the processor unit comprising hot zeroing circuits aiming to reinitialize it, when the contact interface is reset (MaZ).
• This device comprises at least transaction holding means, comprising at least one delay and / or zero reset simulation element, ordered by the contact interface during a reset transition (MaZ) intended to reinitialize the processor block.
• the holding means comprise at least one element for detecting a zero-setting transition, capable of perceiving an interruption.
• This element is for example in the form of cabling capable of perceiving an interruption, and of generating interruption processing.
• the holding means provide at least one element for delaying the zeroing instructions, which comprises at least one memory zone address, with a chosen code; this memory area receiving instructions from the chosen code, the execution of which generates delay commands.
• the delay element comprises at least one delay block by, at least: delay blocking via the contact interface; continuation of the application using the contactless interface; keeping in memory without erasing, of data useful for this contactless application; checking the active state of the contact interface; resumption of the functions required for the contact interface.
• the device in addition to the holding means, the device comprises means of immediate warning.
• these warning means comprise at least one element for switching resources towards the contactless interface.
• warning means comprise at output, at least one element with one or more reception buffer memories, and capable of generating interruptions if a memory is considered to be saturated.
• these warning means comprise at least one contactless frame detection element.
• Another object of the invention is a transmission terminal comprising at least one connection by galvanic contact to an object. intelligent portable with dual interface, with a contact interface allowing the object to secure this terminal.
• This object is provided with a chip and being able to communicate with the terminal via the contact interface according to ISO7816.3 standard; the object being further provided with a contactless interface communicating according to another contactless standard.
• This terminal is able to participate in the implementation of the method, and / or to receive the object comprising the device, mentioned above.
• the terminal forms a: cell phone (eg: GSM, 3GPP; UMTS; CDMA; Etc.) and / or portable personal assistant (eg: PDA); and / or decoding box; and / or computer.
• Another object of the invention is an intelligent portable object capable of participating in the implementation of the method, and / or of receiving the object comprising the device, and / or of being connected to a terminal, mentioned above.
• This object has a dual interface and is equipped with a chip (processor block); this object being able to communicate with at least one electronic data transmission terminal via a contact interface according to ISO7816.3, as well as contactless via a contactless interface and according to another contactless standard; this process providing that: the terminal is secured by the object via the contact interface.
• a chip processing block
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of longitudinal elevation, which illustrates an example of intelligent portable object with contactless interface according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of longitudinal elevation, which illustrates an example according to the invention of terminal in the form of portable assistant with cellular communication, secured by insertion of an intelligent portable object, with links of: input-output of data by galvanic contact; clock (called “Clk”); mass (called “Gnd”); power supply (called “Vcc”); external antenna input-output; Zeroing (called “MaZ”).
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the operation of the invention, where the object is inserted into a terminal here in the form of cell phone or the like;
• FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view from above, of a circuit part within an object according to the invention and connected to a terminal to be secured, with a diode limiting the power consumed from the interface without contact, and a logic gate ensuring the switching between two power consumption modes (via galvanic interface or via contactless interface).
• This part of the circuit therefore forms means of selection by the application, and illustrates the appropriate steps, without contacting the external resources to be used (electrical power) in the event of triggering of a "Clock Pause" mode (here called "PauseH").
• - Figure 5 is a schematic top plan view of a circuit part within an object according to the invention and connected to a terminal to be secured, with resistors for absorbing excess electrical power ; and logic means ensuring the switching between two power consumption modes (via galvanic interface or via contactless interface).
• This circuit part forms at least in part means for selecting external resources to be used in order to allow a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface when the latter requires it.
• - Figure 6 is a schematic logical graph, which illustrates conventional steps and transitions within an object inserted in a terminal, as found in practice. We note in particular (2) inaccessible conventional stages, as well as (5) impossible conventional transitions.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic logic graph similar to that of Figure 6, but which illustrates steps and transitions according to the invention.
• - Figure 8 is a logic diagram of the wiring and software architecture of a chip for intelligent portable object according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular capable of determining which are and in which state are the active interfaces.
• an intelligent portable object is designated at 1.
• Such objects 1 are for example smart cards, electronic tickets, so-called “dongle” cards or other modules such as those for proximity (eg: NFC) or semi-proximity (eg: BlueTooth) communication.
• FIGS. 2 to 5 These are secure, non-removable and “portable” objects, ie capable of being put in a pocket due to their smaller dimensions than those of electronic data transmission terminals 2. Examples of such objects 1 are illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5. These objects 1 are able to communicate remotely with one or more electronic terminals 2 for data transmission and / or other objects 1, via a contactless interface 3 This interface 3 provides contactless communication via an antenna 4. Some of these terminals 2, eg cell phones, are “portable”, ie able to be transported quite easily. But are not considered here to be truly "portable”.
• its contactless interface 3 comprises an antenna 4 at least in part: - integrated into a module of the object 1; and / or - integrated into a body 5 of the object 1; and / or - integrated into terminal 2 to be secured, and connected by galvanic link.
• the object 1 has the usual forms of smart card.
• This object 1 here comprises: a card body 5, inside or on the surface of which is inserted - possibly within a module - a chip 6 (FIG. 1); the antenna 4 of the contactless interface 3 which is connected to the chip 6.
• a galvanic contact interface 7 is also connected to the chip 6: it comprises a terminal block opening out to a main external surface of the body 5.
• the body 5 has an external form factor as defined by ISO7816, in which the object 1 itself is detachably integrated. Once the periphery of the body 5 detached, the object 1 itself has an external form factor as defined by the standard 3GPPTS11.11 (411 and 412) or GSM, and called "SIM".
• the terminal block for interface 7 is also defined by these standards. Here it has from six to eight contact pads (Figure 2) Cl, C2, C3, C5, C6 and C7. If necessary, this terminal block also includes areas C4 and C8.
• the ranges C4 and C8 are not used in the operation of a conventional cell phone terminal 2 called "GSM". These areas C4 and C8 are according to standards, each connected to a port on the chip 6.
• the contactless interface 3 comprises an antenna
• the antenna 4 is external to the object 1, as can be seen from Figure 3.
• the data signals passing through the contact pads C2 and C7 in particular are digital signals called "digital" of binary type.
• the data signals in particular which pass through the areas C4 and C8 or directly transmitted to the chip 6, are modulated signals (Hertzians for example), coming from the antenna 4.
• These terminals 2 are for example (FIG. 3) cellular telephones (eg: GSM, 3GPP, UMTS, CDMA, etc.), portable personal assistants (eg: PDA as in FIG.
• All the terminals 2 according to the invention ie secured via the contact interface 7 by an object 1 as mentioned, are able to communicate remotely with other terminals 2 -for example those represented on the right in the figure 3- remotely, that is to say without contact.
• the contactless communication of these terminals 2 secured by an object 1 is illustrated by waves and designated at 9.
• Another communication called transaction or application, illustrated by arrows and designated at 10, is that without contact which is capable of object 1 via its interface 3 and therefore the antenna 4.
• Communication 9 also called application, is to be distinguished from that of which object 1 is capable via its interface 3 and therefore antenna 4.
• the communication 9 allows a secure purchase from the terminal 2, and from a service server such as that illustrated at the bottom left in FIG. 2 - which is itself connected to the cellular reception terminal represented by Terminal 2 at the top left. This purchase is recorded in the form of values, in the object 1.
• the communication 10 then makes it possible to debit on the fly the values thus purchased.
• - memory block in FIG. 8 designated at 120
• RAM volatile memory
• ROM non-volatile called “ROM”
• EEPROM rewritable "EEPROM”
• Figure 8 see Figure 8 and the passages relating thereto infra.
• the latter is placed in various states including: - extinct state called “OFF”, illustrated at 11 in the figures, such that the object 1 is out of operation (ie “ off, off “), without data processing or power consumption; - working state called “ON”, that is to say in operation (12-18), allowing the management of interfaces 3 and 7 as well as the processing of applications (with contact 9 and without contact 10).
• OFF extinct state
• ON that is to say in operation (12-18)
• VCC designates the electrical power supply of the object 1, which comes from the contact interface 7.
• VDD electrical supply of the object 1 comes from the contactless interface 3.
• Stop / Active the contact interface 7 is respectively supplied with electrical power or not.
• the contact interface 7 provides electrical power to the object 1.
• this contact interface 7 does not provide any electrical power supply.
• the contact interface 7 In its "Active" status (usually called “VCC ON"), the contact interface 7 at least supplies electric current at chip 6, this chip 6 being able to consume within the limits imposed which are usually sufficient for normal operation of the object 1; This is the case when the terminal 2 obtains that an application 9 using the contact interface 7 for the exchange of data and resources, is processed by the object 1.
• This "VCC” supply from the interface 7 is furthermore able to be placed in so-called “Low Consumption” status, as explained below.
• states 13, 14, 17, 18 are said to be “Low Consumption” which impose a maximum value of consumption punctuated by the object 1 via its contact interface 7:
• states of low consumption There are thus currently distinguished among the states of low consumption, the: - shallow sleep (called “LOW POWER VCC”); and - deep sleep (known as “LOW POWER VCC with Pause H”).
• NB "H" for Clock.
• power consumption is imposed when it draws its resources from the contact interface 7, in two constraining cases: - in deep sleep must be punctured via the contact interface 7, less than -ie at most- lOO ⁇ A; - in superficial sleep, must be punctured via the contact interface 7, less than -ie at most- 200 ⁇ A.
• the constraints of low consumption are respected during sleeps, by stopping the treatments and saving the data necessary for a subsequent resumption of these treatments. These necessary data are in particular the previous context (eg: data, registers). In this sleep state, currently, the chip 6 cannot process a contactless application.
• one of the aims of the invention is, once the chip 6 (according to the embodiments, by logic and / or wired means such as its "CPU” block) in sleep, to ensure the possibility to reach a working state in which its supply of electrical power comes in particular from the contactless interface 3, while respecting the limits imposed on consumption on the interface 7. Furthermore, the chip 6 is said to be in deep sleep with Clock Pause (called PauseH) ", when this chip 6 is in a state similar to superficial sleep, but without having a clock resource originating from the contact interface 7. Secondly, the resource "RF "indicates the state ("Stop / Active") of the contactless interface 3, which is of the Radio Frequency (RF) type in the example of the ISO14443 standard.
• RF Radio Frequency
• the contactless interface 3 In its Active state, the contactless interface 3 ensures a contactless transaction, that is to say a remote transaction, such as: - transmission and / or - reception of modulated signals (data, resources) and - processing of an application using in particular the data of these signals. In its Stop state, this contactless interface 3 does not carry out any transaction.
• the "Sleep" status indicates respectively ("No / Yes") if the chip 6 is not or is in a low consumption state on the contact interface 7. Quarto, the "PauseH” status indicates respectively ( “No / Yes") if the chip 6 is not or is supplied as an external clock signal, during the low consumption state, from the contact interface 7.
• Tables 1 and 2 above each illustrate the situation encountered in these states or transitions, with current objects 1 (1A and IB).
• FIG. 6 we note in addition to the possible states and transitions (designated by: "OK"), as in FIG. 6: - two impossible states (17; 18) (designated by: “NOK”); and - twelve transitions (15.16; 16.15; 17.18; 18.17; 14.18; 18.14; 16.17; 17.16; 13.17; 17.13; 17.15; 18.15) impossible ("NOK").
• the left column of the graphs in Figures 6 and 7 illustrates the states related to the operation of the contact interface 7. While the right column illustrates the states related to the operation of the contactless interface 3. Note here that by default , when a reverse transition is not mentioned, it is simply a return path, and therefore does not require further explanation Ras. And that in Figure 6, the (five) impossible transitions are illustrated by star outlines. While the (two) impossible states to reach are illustrated by a hatched frame. In addition to a state 11, the middle column (states 16, 17 and 18) describes desired states for an object 1 fully used simultaneously according to the invention. The states are illustrated by boxes, and the transitions between these states - possible or impossible - are illustrated by oriented arrows.
• the Disabled state 11 corresponds in the case of a cellular telephone terminal 2, to the situation according to which this terminal 2 is switched off and unusable as it is by the carrier 8. From the Disabled state 11, a transition 11.12 in FIGS. 6 and 7 makes it possible to reach a state 12 according to which the object 1 is in operation via contact interface 7 (called: state in operation via contact interface) . This state 12 is called "in operation via contact interface". In the example of the cell phone terminal 2, this usual transition 11.12 corresponds to the action of the carrier 8 which turns on its terminal 2.
• the terminal 2 addresses the object 1 via the terminal block of the interface 7, a reset signal (MaZ).
• ATR reset response protocol
• the object 1 is able to directly process commands from the interface 7, and from the terminal 2 secured by this object 1.
• a transition 12.13 makes it possible to reach a state 13 or standby with low consumption. That is to say the state 13 already mentioned of superficial sleep, in which the object 1 is awaiting solicitation from the contact interface 7.
• the state of waiting 13 is set up when object 1 has completed a treatment (energy saving mode). Let us recall that this state 13 imposes a reduced consumption of energy by the object 1 via the interface 7. From state 13, a transition 13.14 (FIGS.
• the object 1 is awaiting solicitation from the contact interface 7. It is generally the terminal 2 which initiates the clock breaks (CLK) between two commands.
• CLK clock breaks
• a clock cutoff towards state 14 is imposed at the end of "n" clock cycles (for example of the order of 1800 to 2000 cycles), following a command.
• the transition 11.15 corresponds to the case where the antenna 4 is exposed to the field of a modulated signal without contact (eg: RF), this signal carries resources (energy and clock) as well as data under frame form.
• this state 16 corresponds to the situation according to which the contact interface 7 is in operation, just as the other contactless interface 3 is in operation.
• This state 16 is the only dual operating state currently possible, that is to say in which the contact 7 and contactless 3 interfaces operate at the same time. Note that in the objects 1 available to date, only the transitions 12.16 and 16.12 are possible (OK). Conversely, transitions from state 15 as well as from new state 17 to state 16 are impossible (NOK). With these transitions 12.16 and 16.12, it is necessary to make the contact and non-contact interfaces (7 and 3) coexist as well as the applications 9 and 10 using these interfaces, respectively. Due in particular to the impossible transitions mentioned above, we cannot speak with current interfaces and applications, of full and simultaneous use.
• the transition 12.16 corresponds to the case - always in the example of the cellular terminal 2 - where the contact interface 7 functions (resource and application 9) while the antenna 4 penetrates into a field perceived by the contactless interface 3 ( transaction 10).
• the problem encountered during this so-called “hot zeroing” transition 16.16 is that it does not really reinitialize the chip 6, unlike the effect currently induced by the zeroing signal (MaZ) received from the contact interface 7.
• MaZ zeroing signal
• the terms "hot” and "cold” are defined in particular in ISO7816.3. This is to ensure that a transaction in progress via the contactless interface continues to proceed normally.
• the invention proposes means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the contactless transaction in progress, during the putting into operation of the contact interface 7. These means are circuits within the chip 6 and / or logical instructions.
• the invention distinguishes various cases, depending on the origin of the resources consumed by the chip 6. Currently, in state 16, this chip 6 cannot undergo any modification of the origin of certain of its imperative resources - in particular power supply and clock -, without undergoing untimely zeroing. With the invention, depending on the case: -
• the power supply of the chip 6 can originate from:. VCC ie from contact interface 7; .
• the antenna 4 .
• the clock supplied to chip 6 can originate from:. The contact interface 7; . The antenna 4; .
• An internal clock generator, such as that in FIG. 8 is designated at 113 and detailed below.
• the invention thus makes it possible, within state 16 and therefore during simultaneous processing of the applications, to change the source of supply and / or of the clock, according to the necessities of the moment, and without risk of updating. untimely zero.
• the means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the transaction (and / or eponymous step) are also called "Fake Reset".
• These means 101 and / or holding steps (101) provide in particular at least one physical element and / or logical phase of delay and / or simulation of zeroing, ordered by the contact interface 7 when it is started or analogous zero-setting situations.
• These means 101 and / or holding step comprise in one example at least one element and / or phase of detection of zero setting, in the example of FIG. 8 in the form of wiring capable of perceiving an interruption, and of generating interrupt processing.
• the holding means 101 are connected at the input to a functional block 107 which operates the detection in question. This block 107 is described later in detail.
• a logic maintenance phase also operates a zero detection.
• This logical phase includes an interrupt processing routine.
• At least one element and / or phase of delaying the instructions for resetting the means (101) and / or holding step comprises a memory zone address, with a chosen code.
• This memory area receives instructions from the chosen code, the execution of which generates - eg using resources of the means 101 - commands for, depending on the embodiments: - timeout blocking via the contact interface 7, by example by sending a single byte of usual response command ("ATR") to the activation of the zero setting; and / or - continuation of the application using the contactless interface 3; and / or - keeping in memory without erasing, of data useful for this contactless application; and / or - verification of the active state of the contact interface 7; and / or - resumption of the functions required for the contact interface 7, for example by sending a series of response control bytes ("ATR").
• ATR usual response command
• this recovery occurs after a predefined number of clock cycles, eg of the order of 400 to 40,000 clock cycles.
• a transition 15.16 - from zeroing (MaZ) - from state 15 in operation via the contactless interface 3 to state 16 of dual interface operation is impossible.
• an untimely reset is inevitable.
• a reverse transition 16.15 is also made possible by the invention.
• the object 1 is initially processing an application for the benefit of the contactless interface 3, and the object 1- is requested by the terminal 2 via the contact interface 7.
• Tel is for example the case for a terminal 2 forming a cellular telephone (the contact application securing a telephone conversation) and where the contactless application aims for access -transport, premises, etc.-: It is currently not possible to start a transaction to be secured by object 1 via the contact interface 7, while an application such as access authorization is already in progress via the contactless interface 3. In general to date, the contactless application is aborted abruptly, because the start of an application for the benefit of terminal 2 via the contact interface 7 causes a reset (MaZ) of chip 6. And often the loss of data useful to the application without touching.
• MaZ reset
• the invention provides in embodiments means 102 and / or immediate warning step. These means 102 and / or warning step then complement, or even replace, the means 101 and / or maintenance step. The means 102 and / or warning step thus ensure correct operation of the chip 6 in state 16. Furthermore, according to the transition 16.15, the object 1 is initially requested via the contact interface 7 for an application, as well as simultaneously via the contactless interface 3 for another application. Currently, if the contact application then stops, an untimely zeroing occurs.
• state 16 in dual interface operation can only be reached via transition 12.16.
• transition 12.16 possible to state 16 -as well as for the reverse transition (to state 12) - a message must be transmitted to the application (respectively 10 and 9 for inverse).
• the transition 15.16 impossible means that in the example of a cellular terminal 2, it is therefore impossible to put this terminal 2 into operation while a transaction 10 is in progress via the contactless interface 3.
• the other impossible transition 16.15 corresponds - example of the cellular terminal 2 - to the case where the state 16 of dual interface operation once reached from state 12, the supply of this terminal 2 (batteries, accumulators, chargers , sensors, etc.) is interrupted during a transaction 10 via the interface 3.
• this terminal 2 batteries, accumulators, chargers , sensors, etc.
• the transaction via the contactless interface 3 is suddenly cut, with the current risks in this case (given losses, discomfort, etc.)
• the solutions proposed by the invention for one and the other of the transitions 15.16 and 16.15 avoid any abrupt interruption of the current transaction via the contactless interface 3.
• the operating system thus warned, is able to operate this transition 15.16 while preserving communication, data, etc.
• this transition 15.16 calls for: "clean" interruption of one or other of the applications 9 or 10; pause on either of these applications 9 or 10; timed back and forth between one or other of these applications 9 or 10, etc.
• the means 102 and / or warning steps allow the contactless application to save essential data (ie: necessary for a subsequent recovery). Such a backup is often called a "back-up".
• the invention provides for a pause in the contactless transaction 10, the transmission a message to the application 9 in order to indicate to it that the contact interface 7 is active.
• Application 9 then processes the data coming from this contact interface 7. Any untimely zeroing is inhibited, then a request to share resources as soon as possible (in particular processing) between the two applications 9 and 10 present (application to initial contact and incoming contactless transaction), is sent.
• the transition 16.15 according to the invention provides (via means and / or stages) an element and / or phase of switching resources so that they are punctured via the contactless interface 3.
• warning means immediate 102 take on FIG. 8, the form of a functional block sometimes called "UART".
• These means 102 represent the serial communication devices conforming to the ISO7816 standard for the contact interface 7, as well as to a standard such as ISO14443 for the contactless interface 3.
• interruptions are generated in particular when a reception buffer called "buffer" is considered to be full. That is to say that a protocol frame has been correctly received and can be processed by an operating system of the chip 6. This allows in particular the application using the contact interface 7 to carry out certain treatments. without being disturbed by the reception of data.
• These interruptions notify the application that data is available for processing.
• the means 102 represent the serial communication devices conforming to the ISO7816 standard for the contact interface 7, as well as to a standard such as ISO14443 for the contactless interface 3.
• a functional block 104 groups together the modulator - demodulator (MODEM) and anti-collision processing elements. It can be seen that in this example, the block 104 is connected via the contact pads C4 and C8.
• This state 17 is impossible to reach (in particular from states 13 and 16) with a current object 1.
• This state 17 is often achieved thanks to the invention, since the state 13 of superficial sleep. In this state 17 close to that of superficial sleep, the power supply from the contact interface 7 is limited, while simultaneously resources from the contactless interface 3 are required by the object 1.
• This state 17 appears when an application is operated for the contactless interface 3, while the supply of electrical power to the object 1 from its contact interface 7 is limited.
• the contact application is awaiting an order from the terminal 2, as part of the transaction in progress. In other words, it involves processing an application via the contactless interface 3 while the object 1 is on the side of its contact interface 7, in superficial sleep. Then, the electric power supply of object 1 via the contact interface 7 becomes contrary to notably normative constraints.
• the invention allows in state 17 a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7, when the standards imposed on this interface 7 require it.
• the object 1 draws its power supply from the contactless interface 3, by rectifying the modulated signal picked up by the antenna 4.
• the existing standards oppose the use of power from the interface 7 - and therefore the terminal 2- in certain cases including those which follow.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a part of the circuit within an object 1 according to the invention, connected to a terminal 2 to be secured.
• the means 103 and / or steps of immunity to variations in the power source comprise, according to this embodiment, such a circuit part, with: - a diode 20 for limiting the power consumed from the contactless interface 3, and - a logic gate 21 ensuring switching between two power consumption modes (via contact interface 7 or via contactless interface 3).
• the means 103 and / or immunity steps choose, according to the invention, the origin of the supply of the chip 6, from among: VCC ie from contact interface 7; .
• the immunity means 103 are provided with a wired mechanism (called Ml below - cf. FIG. 8) which makes it possible to detect the presence of a supply coming from the contact interface 7 (Vcc) and a power supply from the contactless interface 3 (Vdd).
• the status (see Tables 1A and IB: Active / Stop) of the power supplies (Vcc and Vdd) is filled in using two registers (later called RI and R2 - see Figure 8). Any modification of the RI and / or R2 registers (ie the appearance or disappearance of one and / or the other of the so-called Vcc or Vdd power supplies) results in an alert signal (for example in the form of an interruption ).
• the operating system of the chip 6 after having consulted the registers RI and R2, or having been warned of a change of state of one of these two registers (interruption), then selects the power source used ( Vcc or Vdd).
• M2 Another wired mechanism (later called M2 - see Figure 8) is present in chip 6.
• This wired mechanism (M2) ensures that the one and only selected source is used to supply electricity to chip 6. If we implements this, in the case for example of the transition 13.17, we obtain eg: - the activation of the contactless interface 3, while the chip 6 was in superficial sleep state (13) on its side contact interface 7; then - means 103 (Ml mechanism) which detect the contactless field or frame (RF), alert the chip 6 by an interruption, and update the registers (RI and R2); then - the operating system, notified by the interruption issued by the means 103 and / or equivalent logical step, operates a switchover from supplying the chip 6 to the contactless interface 3 (thanks to M2), thereby guaranteeing acceptable consumption on the side of the contact interface 7; then - the transaction processing via the contactless interface 3 (RF) can then take place, while the chip 6 remains in superficial sleep mode on the side of the contact interface 7.
• M2 Another wired mechanism
• the means 103 comprise a functional block 107, here called the power controller or "PWR", and another functional block 106, forms the sleep controller.
• PWR power controller
• the mechanisms M1 and M2, as well as the registers RI and R2 - and / or the equivalent logical steps - correspond in the embodiments of the invention, functionally to this block 107.
• the contact areas - Cl (VCC: power supply from the contact interface 7); - C2 (RST: MaZ reset); - C3 (CLK: clock from the contact interface 7); and - C5 (GND: earthing via the contact interface 7);
• This power supply controller block 107 of the means 103 has the function of supplying the chip 6 with appropriate voltage and power. And inform the chip 6 of the appearance and / or disappearance of power resources from the contact interface 7 or contactless 3.
• the inputs mentioned allow the means 103 to receive on the one hand a voltage coming from the contact interface 7 via the range C1 (Vcc).
• these inputs allow via a wiring 105 to route a voltage (Vdd) coming from the modulator - demodulator of the means 104, from the contactless interface 3.
• Vdd voltage
• CLK clock signals external
• RST - MaZ reset request
• MaZ zeroing sequences
• these inputs of the means 103 take in terms of signal, the form of a combination time voltage from the contact interface 7 (Vcc), digital clock signal (CLK), and digital reset signal (RST).
• This block 107 (PWR) also contains at least one configuration / information register (in this embodiment the registers RI and R2, FIG.
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power supply controller of the means 103, as illustrated, also has outputs.
• the block 107 is in a state such that as long as at least one external voltage source (via 3 and / or 7) is present, this block 107 supplies the entire chip 6 with an appropriate voltage, generated from one of (or a mixture of the two) input voltages (via 3 and / or 7) depending on the configuration selected.
• the appearance or disappearance of voltage sources (via 3 and / or 7) does not cause disturbance of the output voltage, provided that at least one available voltage, or even the mixing of the two voltages, is sufficient.
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power controller does not generate a zeroing signal intended for the block 108 (CPU) as long as this condition is fulfilled.
• the block 107 and / or phase forming the power controller provides warnings in embodiments, which indicate the appearance of a power supply coming from the contactless interface 3.
• the operating system being thus warned, it triggers an initialization of the contactless transaction, by the functional block 104 and / or equivalent logic phases. Then, this operating system resumes processing of the contact application. This initialization sequence is processed in the background without disturbing the contact application.
• block 107 generates an interrupt to block 101 which here acts as interrupt controller, when the availability status of the sources (via 3 and / or 7) changes, and more particularly according to the following transitions: - Supply via contact interface 7: transition 16.15 from Active to Stop: only makes sense if chip 6 is still supplied via interface 3. - Supply via contactless interface 3: transition 13.17 or 14.18 from Stop at Active: the interruption takes place only if the voltage via the contactless interface 3 and exceeds a threshold voltage. For example, the value of this threshold voltage is slightly higher than a minimum operating voltage of the chip 6 sometimes called "POR".
• - Supply via contactless interface 3 transition 17.13 or 18.14 from Active to Stop: the interruption takes place when the voltage received by contactless interface 3 is less than a threshold voltage.
• a threshold voltage For example, the value of the critical voltage is predetermined to ensure a transfer - as fast as possible and without risk of complete cessation, of the contactless power supply (ie via 3) - of the power supply from the contactless interface 3 to the one from the contact interface
• the means 103 and / or selection steps take over the switching, and avoid that the object 1 is completely deprived of power resources, which would cause an untimely reset. To this end, this transfer should be carried out more quickly than the radiating tearing caused by the transition 17.13 or 18.14 from Active to Stop - of the energy source from the contactless interface 3.
• Means (wiring) and / or steps (logic) power controller such as block 107 ensure in embodiments of the invention, this transfer or switching.
• the interrupt generation signals to block 101 by block 107 allow: - While processing signals from the contactless interface 3, from s see that the contact interface 7 requests processing and decide to send the first bytes of response message to a reset request (ATR).
• the means 103 and / or logical steps of power control - by example block 107 in particular - send an initialization signal to the reset connector of block 108 (CPU).
• This makes it possible to cause it to be implemented in particular by turning it on from the source determined via the means 103.
• the means 103 it seems preferable for the means 103 to operate an inhibition of the zero setting.
• RST is in the example of FIG. 8 perceived by the controller means and / or steps - the block 107 in the embodiment of FIG. 8 - because a connection is provided to these means and / or steps. In Figure 8, this link is wired.
• a reset request sequence originating from the contact interface 7 causes an interrupt to the block 101 interrupt controller, in the same way as any other peripheral.
• An application whose data use the contact interface 7 can thus use this signal to determine whether or not it is necessary to send a response to a reset request (ATR) message. via a universal asynchronous transmission - reception block 109 dedicated to the contact interface 7, and to which the contact pad C7 is connected. Note here that in the embodiment of FIG.
• the means 102 - and / or suitable steps - of immediate warning comprise another universal block of transmission - asynchronous reception, but dedicated for its part to the contactless interface 3
• the means 103 also receive as input a signal coming from a functional block 106, forming sleep controller sometimes called "SLEEP CTRL".
• logical phases also form the sleep controller, at least in part.
• This block 106 connected as an input to the means 103 if necessary participates in the selection of the voltage source. If necessary, the functional block 106 overrides an attempt to select an electrical source carried out via a configuration register, as described. Then, the selection logic is then transferred to this block 106 sleep controller, which then forms part of the means 103 of immunity.
• transition 13.17 Let us now describe the transition 13.17.
• a transition 13.17 corresponds to the case where the terminal 2 is in the waiting state 13, the antenna 4 then being requested by a contactless field to be processed via the appropriate 3 interface.
• the transition 16.17 initially corresponds to the example where the terminal 2 is already in a state of operation 16 with a dual interface, the antenna 4 being processing an application via the contactless interface 3, even though the interface with contact 7 is requested. Then, the object 1 is ordered to limit the resources it consumes from the contact interface 7.
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention where means 103 comprise a circuit part within an object 1 according to the invention, connected by a range C1 of the interface 7, to a terminal 2 to secure.
• a diode 20 for limiting the power consumed from the interface is provided.
• these means 103 include an information processing functional block 21 ensuring switching between two modes of power consumption: - via the galvanic interface 7; or - via the contactless interface 3.
• FIG. 5 another part of the circuit of the means 103 can be seen within an object 1 according to the invention, which is also connected to a terminal 2 to be secured. This other circuit part forms elements 22 of immunity of the object 1 to the changes (transitions to state 17) of origin of the power.
• These immunity elements 22 include absorption resistors 23 of excess electrical power.
• the elements 22 also have logic switching means 24, ensuring the selection between two modes of power consumption (via galvanic interface 7 or via contactless interface 3), as a function of result values illustrating these consumptions as well as their changes .
• the elements 22 operate a selection of the resources to be used, which allow a contactless application 10 to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7 when the latter requires it, while providing the chip 6 with the resources required via a 25 "contactless" power input pad.
• a state 18 known as field capture in deep sleep This state 18 is close to state 17, and shown in FIG. 6. In this state 18, like state 17, the contact application is waiting for a command from terminal 2, as part of the current transaction.
• State 18 comes from the imagination for the purposes of the invention, from the other impossible state 17.
• the problem to be solved here is similar to the previous one, since it aims to support the disappearance of the clock source causing a state of deep sleep, while an application using the contactless interface has started. This is the case if the clock provided by the contactless interface 3 disappears, while a transition imposes on the contact interface 7 a state of deep sleep with clock pause.
• the standards require in particular in this case, that the terminal 2 connected to the contact interface 7 ceases to supply the clock which would be necessary for the contactless application.
• the invention aims to allow a contactless application to operate without consuming resources (eg clock and / or power) from the contact interface 7 when the standards imposed on this contact interface 7 require it.
• the problem is therefore the management of clock stops (PauseH on tables 1A and IB above) as a function of the appearances (transition 18.17) and disappearances (transition 17.18) of this clock resource from the contact interface 7.
• clock stops PauseH on tables 1A and IB above
• a current object 1 can process an application 9 or 10 without risk of data loss.
• Some current objects 1 are not, however, concerned by this, the use of "internal" clock resources a clock signal generated by the chip 6 as a function of a simple electrical power source, is imposed on the object 1 while these resources are available.
• means 110 and / or equivalent logical steps of clock control make it possible to reach state 18.
• These means 110 (and / or logic steps) of clock control according to the invention resort in embodiments, systematically (ie whatever the transition) to clock resources originating from the contactless interface 3, to process a contactless application 10.
• the transition 14.18 corresponds - example of the cellular terminal - to the arrival of a field picked up by the antenna 4, while the object is in "LOW POWER with PauseH" state 14.
• a solution used by the invention provides forcing the object 1 to seek its power supply on the side of the contactless interface 3. But only so as to allow it to reception of the signal from the antenna 4. However, the object 1 capable of receiving the antenna signal 4 is maintained for the rest in state 18 of low consumption, without clock. From state 18 to state 14 (transition 18.14), a solution of the invention (means 110 and / or logical steps of clock control) provides - for example using wired means - d 'observe the variations in power supplied by the antenna 4 of the interface 3.
• This problem is related to the fact that an application running in object 1 is not able to determine in real time, which are and in which state are the active interfaces (ie: how many and which of the interfaces provides the (power supply and / or clock). In fact, an application embedded in object 1 is not to date able to take the necessary decisions according to the state of the interfaces 3 or 7. So this application cannot function correctly.
• the invention proposes means 111 and / or steps for continuous management of the applications. These means 111 and / or continuous management steps have points in common with the means 101 and / or steps for maintaining the contactless transaction in progress.
• this is the case of the block of means 101 which is named interrupt controller. It is a functional block that centralizes interrupt signals from several devices. This block signals the arrival of an interrupt at block 108 (CPU) by means of an interrupt input pad 112.
• the controller block also has an information / configuration register which allows block 108 to: - Know which device has generated an interrupt; and / or - Activate and / or deactivate the interrupts generated by a given device (mask of interruption).
• an interrupt signal indicates the appearance or the disappearance of a voltage source. This allows an application executed in block 108 to know the state of interfaces 3 and 7, at the physical level when it is a signal carried by a wiring. - Also from block 107, an interrupt signal indicates an ISO reset sequence on the contact interface side.
• an interrupt signal indicates the complete acquisition of a contactless frame, the anti-collision sequence being carried out successfully, for example in a physical manner by this block 102 and / or in fund task.
• an interrupt signal indicates that a sequence of bytes from this interface 7 is correctly acquired (the size of which is determined to be equal to: 1 to "n": ie the number of bytes in this sequence).
• this block receives as input, inter alia: - A supply of electric current (via cables 114 for supplying voltage and 115 for ground); and - Interrupt signals (via interrupt wiring 119 connected to pad 112 and connecting blocks 108 and 101); and the clock signal via a clock input wiring 117 itself connected to a clock control block 118 (described below); and - Zero-setting signals via wiring 116; and - Data, via wiring 125 itself connected to block 124.
• This block 108 exchanges data with the peripherals via block 124 forming a bus, while wiring 126 connected to block 108 provides the inputs -outputs of addresses which makes it possible to select the device for which the exchange of data on the data bus 124 takes place.
• block 108 (CPU) executes the application with and / or without contact (9/10) proper, comprising sequences of instructions stored in the memories of block 120 (in FIG. 8: RAM 122; ROM 121 and EEPROM 123).
• Block 108 is said to be in sleep mode when it is supplied with electric current, but the execution of the application with and / or without contact (9/10) is paused (with its context saved), which allows to consume few resources (especially electrical).
• steps and / or means 103 of immunity to variations in power source, comprising a block 107 have been described in relation to FIG. 8.
• the functional block 104 comprises the modulator - demodulator and processing elements Collision.
• This block is notably to convert the radio frequencies received by the antenna 4 here via the contacts 04 and C8 into: - Voltage intended for block 107. - Clock signal intended for block 118. - Data intended for universal block 102 of transmission - asynchronous reception dedicated to the contactless interface 3. Anti-collision steps specific to the type of contactless transmission picked up by the antenna 4, are provided here, transparently, in the background, without disturbing the operation of the processor block 108. Reference was made above to the clock control block 118. The purpose of this block 118 is to supply the block 108 (CPU) and the peripherals requiring it, with an appropriate clock signal.
• This block 118 receives as input: - The clock signal available on contact C3 (CLK); - The clock signal from block 104 which includes the modulator / demodulator; - If necessary signal from a block 113 internal clock.
• This internal clock must be generated by the voltage supplied by the power supply controller block 107. In certain embodiments, such a block 113 makes it easier to implement when it is useful to have a clock signal independent of any resource. external time delay.
• This clock control block 118 has a configuration / information register allowing the application processed by the processor block 108 to choose the physical source of the clock supplied to this block 108, or else to choose a mode. automatic.
• a common implementation of the invention is as follows: the selection of the clock source is automatically carried out by block 118, so that the chip 6 is always timed by a clock signal.
• the invention also provides time delay means and / or steps.
• the choice of the timing source is made by wiring and / or logic phases from the operating system. For example, it is necessary for both contact and non-contact applications to have a time source, to testify to the activity of object 1 with regard to terminal 2 (confirmation of presence) .
• the timing source is exclusively: - internal (eg in the form of a locking phase loop called "PLL") to the object 1, in particular to its chip 6; - from the contactless interface 3; - From the contact interface 7.
• PLL locking phase loop
• Block 118 continuously provides, as required, a clock signal to chip 6 (except in deep sleep for reasons of energy saving). This now brings up the block 106 sometimes called "SLEEP CTRL", which manages the entry and / or exit stages in the sleep state.
• this block 106 has the function of guaranteeing compliance with the standards imposed on the contact interface 7, in the example of the cellular terminal 2 of the telephony standards.
• this block 106 has as inputs in particular a wiring coming from the block 101 interrupt controller (to receive the signal translating the event which conditions the awakening of the processor block 108). At output, this block 106 has in particular: - a wiring coming from block 101 via which the wake-up signals of processor block 108 pass; - Wiring from block 107 by which the power sources of the chip 6 are forced, only in certain embodiments.
• This block 106 also has an information / configuration register which allows the application processed by block 108 to select the event making it possible to wake up this block 108 (eg during a byte arrival step). in block 109 and / or appearance of a frame via the antenna 4).
• the invention also provides means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress on the side of the contact interface 7. According to these means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress, the application determines what is the maximum authorized consumption in progress from the contact interface 7. These means and / or step for selecting an operating mode in progress choose the power source for the chip 6, in terms of electrical power and / or clock. Then these means and / or step of selecting an operating mode in progress put the chip 6 to sleep.
• An implementation of the invention provides (state 13 or 14) for operation described as "normal”. Then, a transaction via the contact interface 7 alone is in progress, but the terminal 2 has not sent a command.
• the chip 6 is therefore in the waiting phase, and in order to satisfy the constraints of limiting current consumption, the application, using a dedicated instruction from block 108, puts it to sleep.
• a new command arrives (ie an activity is detected at the input of block 109)
• block 108 is woken up by this block 106, and the application resumes its course.
• a contactless transaction requests the interface 3 and is initiated
• the block 108 is awakened by this block 106 to process this transaction, without however consuming any energy or requiring clock on the side of the contact interface 7.
• this block 106 therefore informs block 107 that it must supply energy via block 104, then wakes up block 108.
• this block 106 first wakes up the block 108; the application then receives a signal upon waking up informing it that a contactless transaction is starting. Therefore, the operating system itself configures the block 107 to use the power received by the contactless interface 3. This has the disadvantage of consuming energy from the contact interface 7, the time required the operating system to switch the block 107 to the energy source from the contactless interface 3.
• the block 106 is configured, by the application, so as to respect consumption limits from the contact interface 7, via a register. In this case, it is the block 106 which otherwise reconfigures the block 107 before waking up the block 108 (CPU), which avoids excessive consumption on the contact interface 7.
• a step provides that the application itself requires the block 108 to return to sleep immediately.
• block 107 prevents the application processed by this block 108 at a given time (due to the interruption of power supply via the contactless interface 3, transition from "Active to" Stop "). reflecting this interruption in the supply of power, is received by the application which is able in response to bypass its processing and to call the instruction of block 108 as soon as possible which allows it to go into sleep mode.
• the means 102 - and / or suitable steps - for immediate warning respectively include peripheral blocks and serial communication steps. interrupts are emitted when reception buffer memories are full, ie a contactless protocol frame is received and can be processed by chip 6. This allows the application to perform this rtains processing without being disturbed by the reception of data. These interruptions notify the application that data is available for processing.
• the pair object 1 and terminal 2 according to the invention is in particular, thanks to the addition of the states 17 pending field capture state and 18 of field capture in deep sleep, at -Even to comply with the standards in force in the case of operation with dual interfacing. In particular, the problems encountered above are resolved.
• the invention therefore offers fully simultaneous management of two competing applications 9 and 10 and allows the asynchronous arrival of a contactless frame without disturbing the application in progress.
• the immunity 22 and switching means 24 ensure, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the immunity of the object 1 against a cut in the power supply of the object 1 by its contactless interface 3.
• L advantage is to allow a contactless application 10 to operate without consuming resources (power) from the contact interface 7 when the latter prohibits it.
• An application running in object 1 is thus able to determine which interfaces are active (ie: how many and which of the interfaces provides power and clock).
• an application embedded in object 1 is able to take the necessary decisions according to the state of the interfaces 3 and 7. Consequently, this application can function correctly for example during a tear-off.
• the table which follows summarizes advantages and specific features of the invention.

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