EP1693150A1 - Relief grinding device for axial and radial machining - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has a mounting base (1) on a sharpening machine, a body (2) for supporting and guiding a tool receiving a terminal (3), and a carriage (4) for mounting and guiding the body of the base. The terminal cooperates with a displacement unit (5) for the axial and radial displacement of the body. The carriage has a lower part (8) with a bore cooperating with a stud (7) of the base and a recess separated with respect to the bore.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of machines for the manufacture and sharpening of tools, in particular cutting tools made in small series or individually, and relates to a machine for balancing for axial and radial machining.

The cutting tools of the forest or reamer type are generally made from a bar made of steel or tungsten carbide, by cutting to the length and subsequent machining of their cutting faces and their profile.

In the case of large series of tools, these are machined using numerically controlled machines implementing specific tools for each cutting surface and for each profile, in the case of complex profile tools. The setting of such machines is, however, very complex and requires a very long preparation time, which is incompatible with the production of small series of tools or individual tools, because the cost price of the latter would be too much heavily burdened by the cost of the preparatory work.

As a result, small series or single parts are generally produced by means of manually controlled shearing machines. At present, existing manual marking machines only allow the production of tools that can only be machined along their longitudinal axis.

As a result, a machining of stepped tools, that is to say having cutting surfaces of different diameters, these surfaces being connected to each other by means of chamfers or cutting profiles, can not be achieved with precision and in a perfectly reproducible manner, the necessary adjustments to be made empirically.

The object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a machine for offsetting for axial and radial machining which makes it possible to produce tools of complex shape, such as stepped tools, by making the tool simultaneously perform three movements, namely radial, axial and rotary.

For this purpose, the lapping machine, which essentially consists of a mounting base on a sharpening machine, a support body and guide a receiving pin of a tool to be machined and by a carriage for mounting and guiding the body on the mounting base, is characterized in that the receiving pin of a tool to be machined cooperates with a means of axial and radial displacement of the support and guide body of said pin of receiving a tool to be machined.

• la figure 1 est une vue éclatée en perspective de la machine à détalonner conforme à l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale de la machine au niveau du moyen de déplacement axial et radial du corps de support et de guidage de ladite broche ;
• la figure 3 est une vue en perspective, partiellement arrachée, de la machine conforme à l'invention, et
• la figure 4 est une vue de la machine en position d'usinage.

The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which refers to a preferred embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the attached schematic drawings, in which:

• Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the machine according to the invention;
• Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the machine at the axial and radial displacement means of the support body and guiding said pin;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of the machine according to the invention, and
• Figure 4 is a view of the machine in the machining position.

Figures 1, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings show a machine for offsetting, which consists essentially of a base 1 for mounting on a sharpening machine (not shown), a body 2 for supporting and guiding a pin 3 receiving a tool to be machined and a carriage 4 for mounting and guiding the body 2 on the mounting base 1.

According to the invention, the pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined cooperates with a means 5 for axial and radial displacement of the body 2 for supporting and guiding said pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined.

The base 1 for mounting on a sharpening machine is constituted, in known manner, by a base 6 provided with mounting and positioning means 6 'intended to cooperate with positioning bolts and threaded rods of the table of said machine. sharpening, and by a cylindrical pin 7 intended to cooperate with the carriage 4 for mounting and guiding the body 2. This carriage 4 consists of two essential elements, namely, on the one hand, a lower part or base 8 provided on its underside, a bore 8 'cooperating with the pin 7 of the base 1 and on its upper face of a recess 8 "offset longitudinally relative to the bore 8' and, secondly, an upper part 9 slidably mounted on the lower part or base 8 by means of two guide rails 10 and provided with a bore 9 'The cooperation between the post 7 of the base 1 and the bore 8 'of the lower part or base 8 of the carriage 4 allows to provide a pivot connection between the base 1 and the carriage 4 and a clamping screw or the like 7 ', passing through the lower part or base 8 of the carriage 4 and resting on the pin 7, ensures the maintenance in position of said carriage 4 after orientation adjustment.

In addition, the upper portion 9 of the carriage 4 is provided with a means 4 'of clamping said upper portion 9 on the lower portion 8, such as a set screw or the like. Such a means 4 'allows locking in position of the upper part 9 on the lower part 8.

The body 2 for supporting and guiding a pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined is mounted on the carriage 4 and houses said pin 3 along its longitudinal axis, via a sleeve 11 guided in said body. 2 by means of ball bearings or the like. The mounting of the spindle 3 in the sheath 11 takes place, in known manner, by means of stops and needle cages or the like, allowing it to rotate freely in said sheath 11 and independently thereof. This pin 3 is further provided at its front end with a cone 12 for receiving any type of tool chuck and comprises at its rear part an interchangeable divider disk 13 for indexing the pin 3 in angular positions. defined, the pin 3 being provided with a crank 14 or similar device for the maneuver easily and accurately.

The sheath 11 is provided, at its rear end, with a drum 23 composed of a stack of disks 23 ', 23 "and 23"' having two movable clearance stops 24 and an indexing finger 25 or the like provided with an operating pin 25 'protruding through a corresponding guide provided between two discs 23 "and 23"', said indexing finger 25 or the like cooperating with the interchangeable divider disk 13, whose position is marked by the intermediate of a positioning cursor, not shown.

The means 5 for axial and radial displacement of the body 2 for supporting and guiding the pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined consists essentially of a stepped cylindrical assembly and guide sleeve 15 cooperating with its smaller diameter. 15 ', with the bore 9' of the upper part 9 of the carriage 4 and forming a concentric guide for a transfer axis 16, opening respectively, at its upper end, in the body 2 of support and guide pin 3 receiving a tool to be machined and at its lower end in the recess 8 "of the lower part or base 8 of said carriage 4 and cooperating, at its upper end with the sleeve 11 and at its lower end with a stop 17 provided in the upper face of the lower portion 8 of the carriage 4 (Figures 1 to 3 The transfer shaft 16 is mounted in the cylindrical assembly and guide sleeve 15 by means of stops and needle bearings or the like, enabling said shaft 16 to rotate freely in the sleeve 15.

The cooperation between the upper end of the transfer shaft 16 and the sheath 11 is formed by means of conical pinions 16 'and 11' which are identical and integral with the said upper end of the transfer shaft 16 and the sheath. 11 of the pin 3. The cooperation between the lower end of the transfer pin 16 and the stop 17 provided on the upper face of the lower portion 8 of the carriage 4 is effected by means of a cam 18, mounted on said end of the axis 16 and abutting against the stop 17, which is advantageously in the form of a fixed or rotary stop, such as a ball bearing or the like mounted on a vertical axis in the upper face of the lower part 8, beside the recess 8 "of the carriage 4. The cam 18 is an interchangeable cam mounted on the corresponding end of the transfer shaft 16 via a screw and a key or a similar device, so that the die placement conferred by said cam 18 is adjustable very precisely.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the upper part 9 of the carriage 4 is mounted on the lower part or base 8 with a preload along its longitudinal axis, tending to move it on the two guide rails 10 in the direction of a application of the cam 18 of the means 5 for axial and radial displacement of the body 2 for supporting and guiding the pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined against the stop 17 provided on the upper face of the lower part 8 of the carriage 4 This prestress is provided by at least one compression spring, preferably two compression springs 19, bearing against the lower part 8 of the carriage 4 and against a wall 19 'of a housing delimited in the lower face of the part 9 of the carriage 4, on the opposite side to the recess 8 "Thus, the springs 19 will tend to move the upper part 9 of the carriage 4, together with the means 5, towards the side of the inferior part 8 opposite the said springs, so that the cam 18 is always perfectly in contact with the abutment 17.

For the disassembly of the cam 18, it is sufficient to move the upper portion 9 of the carriage 4 against the action of the springs 19 and to block said portion 9 in this position with the screw 4 '. As a result, the cam 18 is put out of contact with the abutment 17 and is accessible from below the carriage 4, in particular in a position of the latter deflected by 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base 1. It then simply remove the clamping screw or the like retaining the cam 18 on the end of the transfer shaft 16 to remove said cam from the axis 16. A replacement by another cam can then be performed by simple implementation of this other cam and fixing by means of the screw.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the cylindrical assembly and guide sleeve 15 furthermore cooperates with an annular portion 15 "with a bore 2 'for positioning and assembling the body 2, provided on the face lower of the latter and allowing the passage of the bevel gear 16 'of the transfer pin 16.

The cylindrical assembly and guide sleeve 15 is connected, by screws 20, passing through an annular disk 21 extending between its annular portion 15 "and its smallest diameter 15 ', to the body 2 and is provided, on its plus small diameter 15'cooperating with the bore 9 'of the upper portion 9 of the carriage 4, an annular groove 22, the distal wall of the annular disc 21 has an outward inclination and is intended to cooperate with radial clamping screws 28 screwed into the upper part 9 of the carriage 4. Thus, the body 2 is mounted on the carriage 4 in an angularly adjustable manner, by means of the radial clamping screws 28 cooperating with the annular groove 22 and can be moved, together with said carriage 4, longitudinally on the base 1 for mounting on a sharpening machine, because of the connection with said carriage 4 via the cylindrical assembly and guide sleeve 15.

According to another characteristic of the invention and as shown in FIG. 3 of the appended drawings, the body 2 for supporting and guiding a pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined may also be provided with a support 27 for mounting measurement and control means, this support 27 making perpendicular displacements in a horizontal plane and being adjustable in position on the body 2. For this purpose, the support 27 is essentially constituted by a base 27 ' fastening to the body 2 by means of screws or the like, by a support body 27 "mounted with sliding guide on the base 27 'and by a fixing element 27"' or measurement and control means, guided perpendicularly to the base 27 'in the support body 27 ".

Preferably, the base 27 'is provided with oblong holes for passing the clamping screws, extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said base 27', these oblong holes being able to be combined with lugs provided on the lower face of the base 27 'and cooperating with corresponding oblong holes provided on the body 2. Thus, the base 27' of the support 27 can be adjusted angularly with a limited movement on the body 2.

The measurement and control means mounted on the support 27 may be a profile projector 50, a measuring microscope or any other metrology device delivering a digital measurement on a display 51 (FIG. 4).

The guide between the base 27 'and the support body 27 "and between the support body 27" and the element 27 "' for fixing the measuring or control means is of the tenon type and straight mortise or dovetail.

The operation of the balancing machine according to the invention is described below with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings and more particularly to FIG.

When the operator actuates the drum 23, the sleeve 11 is rotated and drives, via the bevel gears 11 'and 16', the transfer axis 16 of the means 5 for axial and radial displacement of the support body 2 and guiding the pin 3 for receiving a tool to be machined. Because the pinions 11 'and 16' are identical, that is to say that they have a rotational ratio of 1/1, the angle of rotation of the sheath 11 is identical to that of the axis of rotation. transfer 16 and thus the cam 18 that carries it. In addition, as the upper portion 9 of the carriage 4 for mounting and guiding the body 2 is loaded by the springs 19 in the direction of a movement tending to apply the cam 18 against the stop 17 provided on the upper face of the part lower 8 of the carriage 4, the rotation of said cam 18, driven by the axis 16, has the effect of inducing a proportional displacement of the carriage 4 and the body 2. The value of this displacement depends on the value of the slope " delta "of the cam 18.

The tool to be machined, not shown, mounted in the toolholder mandrel provided in the receiving cone 12 of the pin 3 guided in the sleeve 11, is locked in position by means of the divider disk 13 cooperating with the indexing finger 25 movable through the actuating pin 25 '. It follows that the tool to be machined follows the movement of the drum 23 and the carriage 4.

To achieve a restriction of the angular movement of the tool and preserve the next tooth during machining, the movable stops 24 provided on the drum 23 are set at an angle corresponding to this movement.

By changing the angular position of the body 2 on the carriage 4, it is possible to modify the orientation of the tool to be machined and the displacement of the mandrel mounted in the receiving cone 12.

Thus, for carrying out an axial offsetting, that is to say a sharpening of the passage angle of a curvilinear draft stage, while remaining tangent to the front diameter, without stitching, it suffices, after selecting the necessary cam 18 and placing on the end of the axis 16, positioning the mandrel by alignment of the carriage 4 in the axis of the tool and the body 2 parallel to the carriage 4. The linear displacement generated by the cam 18 is made parallel to the axis of the drill, so that an axial relief is obtained. After positioning the grinding wheel with respect to the first tooth, adjusting the position of said first tooth, indexing the pin 3 with the dividing disk 13 and adjusting the movable stops 24 to define the angular stroke of the tool, this last is machined. For this purpose, the length of the stage is adjusted, for example by means of a profile projector 50 and a metrology device delivering a digital measurement on a display 51, mounted on the support 27 fixed on the body 2. The drum 23 is then rotated to the movable stop 24, so that the tool rotates on itself and advances proportionally, which generates an axial curvature.

After checking the angle, the draft and the length of the floor, the second tooth can be sharpened. The spindle 3 is then indexed by an angle corresponding to the angular spacing between teeth and the aforementioned machining and control operations are repeated.

For the realization of a radial relief, for example for the sharpening of a curvilinear draft on the back of a reamer, the choice and the assembly of the cam are carried out as indicated above and the carriage 4 is positioned perpendicularly to the axis of the tool, the body 2 being perpendicular to the carriage 4. The cam 18 then generates a displacement perpendicular to the axis of the reamer for the achievement of a body radial. The machining and control operations are similar to those described above.

Combined axial and radial relief, for example for sharpening the passage angle of a curvilinear clearance stage with stitching is performed, after selection and mounting of the cam as indicated above, by positioning the mandrel of inclining the carriage 4 according to a defined radial angle and inclination of the body 2 at the same angle, but in the opposite direction, so that the tool to be machined remains parallel to the base 1. By this arrangement, the displacement generated by the cam 18 is carried out simultaneously along two axes, namely axial and radial, so that the tool to be machined moves obliquely relative to the table of the support machine of the machine to be cut according to the invention. The machining and control operations are similar to those described above.

The cam 18 is the main element of the machine according to the invention, because, by its angular displacement, it determines the movement of the tool to be machined.

Dans laquelle :

• Tan(Dép axiale) = Δ axial/largeur de la dent, avec
• Δ axial = (Δ came × α) /180 = course axiale
• largeur de la dent = [2 × α × π × (Ø/2)] / 360 = largeur développée de la portion de la circonférence
• α: secteur angulaire correspondant à l'angle de rotation de l'outil à usiner
• Ø : diamètre de l'outil à usiner
• Dép axiale : angle de dépouille axiale désiré sur l'outil à usiner.

For this purpose, the slope or "delta" value of the cam 18, for axial offsetting is determined by the following equation: $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Axial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right),$$

In which :

• Tan (Axial Depth) = axial Δ / width of the tooth, with
• Δ axial = (Δ cam × α) / 180 = axial stroke
• width of the tooth = [2 × α × π × (Ø / 2)] / 360 = developed width of the portion of the circumference
• α: angular sector corresponding to the angle of rotation of the tool to be machined
• Ø: diameter of the tool to be machined
• Axial Depth: desired axial draft angle on the tool to be machined.

dans laquelle :

• Tan(Dép radiale) = Δ radial/largeur de la dent, avec :
• Δ radial = (Δ came × α) / 180 = course radiale, et
• Dép radiale : angle de dépouille radiale désiré sur l'outil à usiner ;
• les autres éléments sont identiques à ceux de l'équation précédente.

For carrying out a radial relief, the slope or "delta" value of the cam 18 is determined by the following equation: $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Radial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right),$$

in which :

• Tan (Radial Dep) = Δ radial / width of the tooth, with:
• Δ radial = (Δ cam × α) / 180 = radial stroke, and
• Radial Depth: desired radial clearance angle on the tool to be machined;
• the other elements are identical to those of the previous equation.

ou $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{came}=\left[\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Dép\; radiale}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /2\right)\right]/\mathrm{Sin}\left(\mathrm{angle\; radial}\right),$$

dans lesquelles :

• angle radial = ArcTan [Tan(Dép radiale)/Tan(Dép axiale)],
• Tan(Dép axiale) × π × (∅/2) = Δ axial = Δ came × Cos(angle radial),
• Tan(Dép axiale) × π × (∅/2) = Δ axial = Δ came × Sin(angle radial),
• angle radial : angle de dépincement du chariot
• Ø : diamètre de l'outil à usiner
• Dép axiale : angle de dépouille axiale désiré sur l'outil à usiner
• Dép radiale : angle de dépouille radiale désiré sur l'outil à usiner.

The slope or "delta" value of the cam 18, for a combined axial and radial relief is determined by an equation taking into consideration an "oblique" trajectory at an angle called "radial angle" resulting from simultaneous axial and radial displacements Δ, know : $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\left[\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Axial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right)\right]/\mathrm{Cos}\left(\mathrm{radial\; angle}\right)$$

or $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\left[\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Radial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right)\right]/\mathrm{Sin}\left(\mathrm{radial\; angle}\right),$$

in which :

• radial angle = ArcTan [Tan (Radial Depth) / Tan (Axial Depth)],
• Tan (axial displacement) × π × (∅ / 2) = Δ axial = Δ cam × cos (radial angle),
• Tan (Axial Depth) × π × (∅ / 2) = Δ axial = Δ cam × Sin (radial angle),
• radial angle: fork angle of the truck
• Ø: diameter of the tool to be machined
• Axial Depth: desired axial draft angle on the tool to be machined
• Radial clearance: desired radial clearance angle on the tool to be machined.

As a result, the "radial angle" and the Δ cam can be deduced from the desired axial and radial clearance, as well as the diameter Ø of the tool to be machined.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to produce a machine for axial and radial machining that allows a simple radial or axial machining, a complex machining, with simultaneous axial and radial displacement of a single tool or of a single tool. a small series of tools, with great precision and limiting machine preparation time to a minimum.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (21)

Machine for detaching, consisting essentially of a base (1) for mounting on a sharpening machine, a body (2) for supporting and guiding a pin (3) for receiving a tool to be machined and a trolley (4) for mounting and guiding the body (2) on the mounting base (1), characterized in that the pin (3) for receiving a tool to be machined cooperates with a means (5) for axial displacement and radial body (2) for supporting and guiding said pin (3) for receiving a tool to be machined. Machine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriage (4) is composed of a lower part or base (8) provided on its underside with a cooperating bore (8 '). with a tenon (7) of the base (1) and on its upper face a recess (8 ") offset longitudinally with respect to the bore (8 ') and, on the other hand, an upper part (9). ) slidably mounted on the bottom or base (8) by means of two guide rails (10) and provided with a bore (9 '). Machine according to Claim 2, characterized in that the upper part (9) of the carriage (4) is provided with a means (4 ') for clamping said upper part (9) on the lower part (8), such as than a pressure screw or the like. Machine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the spindle (3), mounted in the sleeve (11) guided in the body (2), is provided at its front end with a cone (12) for receiving any type of a tool chuck and comprises at its rear part an interchangeable divider disk (13) for indexing the spindle (3) in defined angular positions, the spindle (3) being provided with a crank (14) or similar device . Machine according to any one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the sheath (11) is provided at its rear end with a drum (23) composed of a stack of disks (23 ', 23 "and 23 "') having two movable travel stops (24) and an indexing finger (25) or the like provided with an operating spindle (25'), projecting through a corresponding guide provided between two disks ( 23 "and 23 '"), said index finger (25) or the like cooperating with the disk interchangeable divider (13), the position of which is indicated by means of a positioning cursor. Machine according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means (5) for axial and radial displacement of the body (2) for supporting and guiding the spindle (3) for receiving a tool to machining essentially consists of a stepped sleeve assembly and cylindrical guide (15) cooperating, by its smallest diameter (15 '), with the bore (9') of the upper part (9) of the carriage (4) and forming a concentric guide for a transfer axis (16), opening respectively at its upper end in the body (2) for supporting and guiding the spindle (3) for receiving a tool to be machined and, its lower end, in the recess (8 ") of the lower part or base (8) of said carriage (4) and cooperating at its upper end with the sleeve (11) and at its lower end with a stop (17) provided in the upper face of the lower part (8) of the carriage (4). Machine, according to claim 6, characterized in that the cooperation between the upper end of the transfer shaft (16) and the sleeve (11) is effected by means of respective bevel gears (16 'and 11') identical and integral with said upper end of the transfer shaft (16) and the sheath (11) of the spindle (3). Machine, according to claim 6, characterized in that the cooperation between the lower end of the transfer shaft (16) and the stop (17) provided on the upper face of the lower part (8) of the carriage (4) is effected by means of a cam (18), mounted on said end of the axis (16) and pressing against the stop (17), which is in the form of a fixed and rotary stop, such that a ball bearing or the like mounted on a vertical axis in the upper face of the lower part (8) of the carriage (4), next to the recess (8 "). Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the cam (18) is an interchangeable cam mounted on the corresponding end of the transfer shaft (16) via a screw and a key or a key. a similar device. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 9, characterized in that the upper part (9) of the carriage (4) is mounted on the lower part or base (8) with a preload along its longitudinal axis. , tending to move it on the two guide rails (10) in the direction of application of the cam (18) of the displacement means (5) axial and radial of the body (2) for supporting and guiding the spindle (3) for receiving a tool to be machined against the stop (17) provided on the upper face of the lower part (8) of the carriage (4) . Machine according to Claim 10, characterized in that the prestress is provided by at least one compression spring, preferably two springs (19), bearing against the lower part (8) of the carriage (4) and against a wall (19 ') a housing delimited in the lower face of the upper portion (9) of the carriage (4), the side opposite the recess (8 "). Machine according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the cylindrical connecting and guiding sleeve (15) further cooperates with an annular portion (15 ") with a bore (2 ') of positioning and assembly of the body (2), provided on the underside of the latter and allowing the passage of the bevel gear (16 ') of the transfer shaft (16). Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 12, characterized in that the cylindrical connecting and guiding sleeve (15) is connected by screws (20) through an annular disc (21). extending between its annular portion (15 ") and its smallest diameter (15 '), to the body (2) and is provided, on its smallest diameter (15') cooperating with the bore (9 ') of the upper portion (9) of the carriage (4), an annular groove (22), the distal wall of the annular disk (21) has an outward inclination and is intended to cooperate with radial clamping screws ( 28) screwed into the upper part (9) of the carriage (4). Machine, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the body (2) for supporting and guiding a spindle (3) for receiving a tool to be machined is further provided with a support (27) for the mounting of measuring and control means, the support (27) making perpendicular displacements in a horizontal plane and being adjustable in position on the body (2). Machine, according to claim 14, characterized in that the support (27) is essentially constituted by a base (27 ') for fixing on the body (2) by means of screws or the like, by a support body (27 ") mounted with sliding guide on the base (27 ') and by an element (27 "') for fixing the measuring or control means or means, guided perpendicularly to the base (27 ') in the support body ( 27 "). Machine according to any one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the base (27 ') is provided with oblong holes for the passage of the clamping screws, extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of said base (27 '), these oblong holes can be combined with lugs provided on the lower face of the base (27') and cooperating with corresponding oblong holes provided on the body (2). Machine, according to claim 14, characterized in that the measuring and control means mounted on the support (27) are a profile projector (50), a measuring microscope or any other metrology device delivering a digital measurement on a display (51). Machine according to one of Claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the guide between the base (27 ') and the support body (27 ") and between the support body (27") and the element (27 "') for fixing the measuring or control means is of the straight tenon and mortise or dovetail type. Machine according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the slope or "delta" value of the cam (18) for axial relief is determined by the following equation: $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Axial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right),$$

In which : Tan (Axial Depth) = axial Δ / width of the tooth, with Δ axial = (Δ cam × α) / 180 = axial stroke width of the tooth = [2 × α × π × (∅ / 2)] / 360 = developed width of the portion of the circumference α: angular sector corresponding to the angle of rotation of the tool to be machined ∅: diameter of the tool to be machined Axial Depth: desired axial draft angle on the tool to be machined. Machine according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that , for carrying out a radial relief, the slope or "delta" value of the cam (18) is determined by the following equation: $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Radial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right),$$

in which : Tan (Radial Dep) = Δ radial / width of the tooth, with: Δ radial = (Δ cam × α) / 180 = radial stroke, and Radial Depth: desired radial clearance angle on the tool to be machined; the other elements being identical to those of the equation according to claim 19. Machine according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the slope or "delta" value of the cam (18) for combined axial and radial relief is determined by an equation taking into account an "oblique" path "at an angle called" radial angle "resulting from simultaneous axial and radial displacements Δ, namely: $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\left[\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Axial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right)\right]/\mathrm{Cos}\left(\mathrm{radial\; angle}\right)$$

or $$\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{cam}=\left[\mathrm{Tan}\left(\mathrm{Radial\; Depth}\right)\times \mathrm{\pi }\times \left(\varnothing /\mathrm{two}\right)\right]/\mathrm{Sin}\left(\mathrm{radial\; angle}\right),$$

in which : radial angle = ArcTan [Tan (Radial Depth) / Tan (Axial Depth)], Tan (axial displacement) × π × (∅ / 2) = Δ axial = Δ cam × cos (radial angle), Tan (Axial Depth) × π × (∅ / 2) = Δ axial = Δ cam × Sin (radial angle), radial angle: fork angle of the truck ∅: diameter of the tool to be machined Axial Depth: desired axial draft angle on the tool to be machined Radial clearance: desired radial clearance angle on the tool to be machined

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