Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
  • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
  • B66D5/06—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect
  • B66D5/08—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect embodying blocks or shoes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
  • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
  • B66B11/04—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals
  • B66B11/043—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by rotating motor; Details, e.g. ventilation
  • B66B11/0438—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by rotating motor; Details, e.g. ventilation with a gearless driving, e.g. integrated sheave, drum or winch in the stator or rotor of the cage motor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a brake as disclosed in the preamble of claim 1 and to a hoisting machine as disclosed in the preamble of claim 7.
• the space and placement of the hoisting function limits the freedom of choice in elevator lay-out solutions.
• the size of the hoisting machine is a factor that encourages the search for new solutions in the construction of the machine or parts of it.
• hoisting ropes that are thinner than the hoisting ropes conventionally used in elevators ropes of a thickness below 8 mm or otherwise flexible ropes or equivalent are used, there is no problem in using a traction sheave of a smaller diameter. This permits the use of a smaller hoisting machine as the torque requirement is smaller.
• the brakes holding or braking the traction sheave can be made smaller due to the smaller braking moment required.
• Elevators without machine room generally use gearless machines.
• the conventional brake solution in the machines is a shoe brake in which a brake shoe has been arranged to be pressed against a braking rim by a spring in braking situations and in which the brake is released by lifting the brake shoe from the braking rim by means of an electromagnet or a similar coil solution.
• a known method of adjusting the shoe brake in other words the air gap of the brake, is to move the entire brake in relation to the machine by utilizing the adjustment tolerance provided in the fastening screws of the brake.
• Prior-art brakes designed to be placed at the elevator hoisting machine are quite heavy, and therefore if they are subjected to mechanical excitations, these may cause a relatively large vibratory motion. In principle, the vibratory motion could be reduced by stiffening the elevator machine, but this would easily make the machine much heavier.
• prior-art brakes which mainly have a cast iron or steel frame, besides being quite heavy, are also quite sizeable, is the need to ensure the cooling of the brake.
• the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and create a mechanically simple and reliable brake that is easy to install. It is an object of the invention to achieve a brake that permits easy implementation of the required maintenance operations, such as adjustment of the air gap. It is an object of the invention to achieve an elevator hoisting machine that has a lighter construction at least in respect of the brake. A further object is to achieve a compact machine or at least a compact brake structure .
• the brake of the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 1.
• the hoisting machine of the invention for adjusting a brake is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 7.
• Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the other claims.
• the brake and method of the invention in short the solution of the invention has the advantage of simplicity of the adjustment function.
• the brake is reliable in operation, easy to maintain and a clearly defined construction.
• the compact and clear construction comprising a relatively small number of components also means a reasonable manufacturing cost of the brake.
• the brake of the invention is easy to install in conjunction with an elevator machine and simple to adjust so as to make it ready for operation. As the adjustment does not substantially change the orientation of the brake shoe relative to the braking rim, the brake wears evenly. Cooling of the brake is efficient because the casing structure has a good thermal conductivity. Possible vibration of the feeble- constructed brake with respect to the machine can be easily damped via damping insulation solutions and structural solutions regarding the machine or its suspension.
• the casing of the brake forms the actual brake frame, which serves many functional and structural purposes.
• One of such functions in the brake of the invention is to form part of a structure holding the magnet body in place, the magnet body being manufactured as a piece separate from the brake frame.
• Another such function is to effectively convey the heat generated in the coil in the magnet body away from the brake ⁇ structure.
• Efficient removal heat can be achieved by making the casing of the brake from aluminum or some other appropriate, i.e. relatively light material having a good thermal conductivity. Heat removal can be implemented alternatively or together with the above method via shaping of the brake casing and/or thermal radiation-promoting surface treatment of the outer surface, such as painting it with a dark matte color.
• the brake is preferably a functional assembly structurally separate from the machine, so that the brake can be manufactured and tested separately from the manufacture of the machine.
• aluminum which is preferably used in the casing, forms a good sliding pair with iron/steel, which is preferably used in the magnet body and in the moving frame holding the brake shoe .
• the sliding bearing between the casing and the moving frame can suitably be provided with a coating or intermediate material that facilitates sliding.
• an adjusting nut is provided in an opening in the brake frame. As the brake adjusting nut rests on the brake frame and engages the magnet body via an external thread, distance adjustment and/or air gap adjustment can be implemented in a very simple manner.
• Fig. 1 represents a hoisting machine according to the invention with two brakes
• Fig. 2 presents a brake according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 presents a hoisting machine unit 100, which comprises an actual hoisting machine 91 provided with a traction sheave (the traction sheave is not shown in the figure) and an auxiliary pulley 92 guiding the passage of the ropes, which pulley can also be used to rig the machine as a so- called "double wrap" machine.
• the hoisting machine 91 and auxiliary pulley 92 are mounted on a supporting frame 93, whereby the hoisting machine unit is secured in place in the elevator.
• the supporting frame 93 also forms part of the stiffening structure of the actual machine 91.
• the hoisting machine 91 is provided with two brakes 94, in which a brake shoe 95 has been arranged to be pressed against a braking rim 96 rotating with the traction sheave.
• a switch box 98 Connected to the hoisting machine unit 100 is a switch box 98, through which the control of the brakes and hoisting machine has been arranged either as electric current feeds only or as a combination of current feeds and control and/or monitoring functions.
• the brake has a release lever 7, by means of which the brake can be released without electric control . For operating this lever 97, it is possible to connect an operating wire rope or some other power transmission means. If emergency release of the brake is implemented using an electric arrangement actuated e.g. by a stand-by battery, then no lever 97 is needed.
• the brakes 94 are preferably fixed to the machine unit 100 by their mounting brackets 32 at fixing points 99, where the hoisting machine 91 and the supporting frame 93 are secured to each other.
• the brakes are supported both by the machine frame and the supporting frame, which serves to stiffen the machine frame.
• Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of the brake 94 in a sectioned view.
• the brake frame 14 is secured by a rigid fastening arrangement to the body of the hoisting machine 91.
• an adjusting nut 7 Placed in an opening in the brake frame is an adjusting nut 7, which is pressed against the brake frame via a washer 6 and engages a magnet body 4 by an external thread.
• cup springs 3 Between the magnet body and the brake frame are cup springs 3 , which tend to push the brake frame and the magnet body apart from each other.
• the functional assembly consisting of the magnet body 4 and a moving frame 9, which preferably is a structure mainly or completely made of iron or steel, is moved by means of the adjusting nut 7 closer to the braking rim 96.
• the adjusting nut 7 is also used in connection with manufacture or installation of the brake or renewal of the brake shoe to adjust the clearance between the brake shoe and the braking rim to a suitable size.
• the magnet body 4 is a bobbin type structure, preferably mainly or completely made of iron or steel, which is provided with a magnetizing coil 15, to which is connected a conductor 16 that contains the electric conductors and is introduced into the brake via a lead-through 13.
• a sleeve 10 Through the adjusting nut 7 goes a sleeve 10 and a shank 17.
• Under the nut 19 at the end of the shank 17 is a plate 20, by which the brake release lever 97 lifts the brake shoe to release the brake .
• the other end of the shank 17 is connected to the moving frame 9 of the brake, to which the brake shoe 95 is secured.
• a brake spring 21 is provided between the brake frame 4 and the moving frame 9 to keep the brake frame and the moving frame apart from each other when the electromagnet consisting of the coil 15 and the magnet body 4 is not attracting them towards each other.
• the force of the cup spring stackup 3 between the magnet body and the brake frame is greater than the force generated by the brake spring stackup 21, so the force of pressure of the brake shoe 95 against the braking rim 96 is in practice determined by the dimensioning of the brake spring stackup, and on the other hand, due to the stiffness of the cup spring stackup, the adjustment settings do not significantly depend on whether the brake is engaged or not.
• the sleeve 10 is designed to prevent adjustment of the brake in a way such that brake would remain permanently released, in other words, to prevent the gap between the plate 20 and the nut 17 from being reduced so much that the shank 17 would be supported by the nut 7 via the brake release lever 17.
• Pin 5 prevents rotation of the brake frame 14 and the magnet body 4 relative to each other
• pin 8 similarly prevents rotation of the moving frame 9 and the magnet body 4 relative to each other.
• the mutual motion occurring between the moving frame 9 and the magnet body 4 when the brake is being released and closed and in connection with adjustment is controlled by means of a sliding bearing 2.
• the control of the sliding bearing 2 contributes towards allowing the adjustment to be made using only one adjusting nut 7.
• the brake structures can be made fairly light.
• the adjusting nut 7 is locked by means of a locking plate 18 to ensure that the position of the adjusting nut and thus the position of the magnet body 4 relative to the brake frame 14 can not change by themselves between adjustments.
• the stroke noise produced upon release of the brake is damped by using a damping ring 33 made of a damping medium, e.g. rubber or silicone, which is placed in a space reserved for it between the moving frame 9 and the magnet body 4.
• a damping ring 33 made of a damping medium, e.g. rubber or silicone, which is placed in a space reserved for it between the moving frame 9 and the magnet body 4.
• the brake frame 14 is made of aluminum, so it conducts well the heat produced in the brake to its outer surface. To promote heat transfer from the magnet body, which has a lower thermal conductivity, to the brake frame, which has a good thermal conductivity, it is possible to place between these a medium that functions as a bridge between the magnet body and the brake casing but does not glue them together.
• Cooling fins made on the surface of the brake frame increase the area in which heat is removed from the brake either by the flushing action of surrounding air or by radiation.
• the cooling fins may also be ribs 31 stiffening the structure of the brake casing, which make it possible to achieve a lighter casing construction.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)
• Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
• Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2003
  • 2003-11-24 FI FI20031704A patent/FI117334B/fi active IP Right Grant
• 2004
  • 2004-11-23 SI SI200431738T patent/SI1687232T1/sl unknown
  • 2004-11-23 WO PCT/FI2004/000710 patent/WO2005049473A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-11-23 ES ES04798319T patent/ES2364142T3/es active Active
  • 2004-11-23 AT AT04798319T patent/ATE512926T1/de active
  • 2004-11-23 EP EP04798319A patent/EP1687232B1/fr not_active Not-in-force

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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