EP1673186A2 - Formverfahren für ein bauteil mit mikrostruktur-funktionselement - Google Patents
Formverfahren für ein bauteil mit mikrostruktur-funktionselementInfo
- Publication number
- EP1673186A2 EP1673186A2 EP04723507A EP04723507A EP1673186A2 EP 1673186 A2 EP1673186 A2 EP 1673186A2 EP 04723507 A EP04723507 A EP 04723507A EP 04723507 A EP04723507 A EP 04723507A EP 1673186 A2 EP1673186 A2 EP 1673186A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- component
- master
- model
- functional element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/06—Core boxes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a master molding process for a component with at least one
- Microstructure functional element that is deliberately designed in a defined shape and specifically to perform a function at a defined location on the surface of the component and has a characteristic dimension in the micrometer range in at least one spatial direction, the component being made of an essentially metallic material by means of a Mold is molded. Compared to a component with a purely macroscopic function, such a component additionally has a relief-like microstructured and thus functionalized surface.
- Shape of a component Original molding processes are known which - for the first time - create the spatial shape from the liquid or plastic or from the granular or powdery state of aggregation (in the classification according to DIN 8580) and forming processes which - by pressure, tensile pressure, tensile, bending or Shear stress (in the classification according to DEN 8550) - change a spatial shape in the solid state.
- a molding tool is the tool by means of which the spatial shape of the component is specified.
- the material accumulates in its respective state of aggregation as part of the molding process on the surface of the mold - for example a mold cavity in a casting process.
- a negative of a functional element formed on the surface of the molding tool is thus directly molded into the functional element on the adjacent surface of the component.
- Casting, sintering and liquid-phase sintering can be mentioned here in particular from the large number of known primary molding processes which shape the spatial shape of components made of essentially metallic material using a molding tool.
- a microstructure is a relief-like surface design that has a characteristic dimension in the micrometer range in at least one spatial direction - essentially substantially below 1 mm.
- a characteristic measure is, for example, the depth of an edge lowered relative to a surface or the width of a rib placed on a surface.
- Microstructures prove to be advantageous in many ways. Microstructured surfaces are used, for example, in tribological applications, from an aerodynamic or fluid dynamic point of view, because of specific optical properties, to control the wettability or non-wettability with liquids and to promote or hinder organic growth Commitment.
- a functional element is an element that is to perform a defined function through a defined shape.
- an element that fulfills the defined function by a random shape or at a random location of a component is not considered to be a functional element.
- a microstructure functional element is accordingly an element which is deliberately and purposefully arranged to fulfill a function in the defined form at a defined location on the surface of a component and which has a characteristic dimension in the micrometer range for the function.
- a periodic or quasi-periodic arrangement of microstructure functional elements is viewed as a microstructured surface texture, a delimited section of a surface with microstructure functional elements as a functional area or also as a functional element (again composed of smaller functional elements).
- Area functionalized by its relief structure or optimized in its function For example, the flow guidance on the surface of a turbine blade can be significantly improved by a micro-structured surface texture.
- the surface determines the properties of a component. Flawlessly smooth surfaces are seen on the one hand as an expression of technical perfection, on the other hand, with the so-called "lotus effect", for example, tiny structures give a surface dirt and water-repellent functions, spectacle lenses can be anti-reflective by an additional coating applied to the surface.
- the functions of light reflection, flow resistance, heat transfer and friction of a component surface can also be specifically influenced by microscopic surface structures.
- the function of a metallic surface can be influenced within a narrow range by targeted geometrically defined structuring on a microscopic scale by chemical etching, by micro-machining or by laser structuring.
- Electron beam lithography can be used to create geometrically defined structures on small areas of a metallic component surface in the nanometer range.
- the thickness of a coating, the pore diameter, shape and dimensions of the material between the pores and the volume fraction of the pores have to be determined in complex test series using their statistical mean and limit values as well as the standard deviation (US Food and Drug Administration: Guidance Document For Testing Orthopedic Implants With Modified Metallic Surfaces Apposing Bone or Bone Cement. February 2000, http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ode/827.html).
- DE 101 54 756 CI discloses a master molding process using a
- EP 0 838 286 AI discloses an investment casting method using a Wax model, on the surface of which molten wax is sprayed in a finely divided manner, thereby forming a - again statistically distributed - microporous surface structure.
- DE 3831 129 AI discloses a method for producing a casting mold based on a thermally sensitive model, for example textiles, plastic, wood or leather, the surface structure of the model being depicted in the casting mold. The methods according to these writings create statistically distributed surface structures, but not in a targeted manner to fulfill a function, a defined relief-like micx structure functional element at a defined location on the surface of the component.
- US Pat. No. 6,511,622 B1 discloses the use of a wax "filled with particles" for producing a wax model, again for an investment casting process, in order to reduce the formation of microscopic defects in the surface of the wax model.
- DE 43 07 869 AI discloses a master molding process for the production of a microscopic body, such as those used in precision engineering, micromechanics, optics and electronics, but not the formation of a microstructure functional element on a - macroscopic - component. Disclosure of the invention
- the object of the invention is to provide process routes, tools and aids which open-ended processes for producing microstructured surfaces on essentially metallic components open up new areas of application and simplify, accelerate and make them inexpensive, in particular with a view to mass production and large-scale use.
- the object is achieved in that at least one functional element is formed in a negative of itself, which is formed in a surface of the molding tool.
- An original molding process according to the invention enables the production of the microstructure functional element on the surface thereof by embossing the macroscopic spatial shape of a component. Compared to the known master molding process with subsequent processing of the surface, one work step is thus eliminated in the production of a component with a microstructured functional element.
- Micrometer range on a metallic component primary molding processes according to the invention are, on the one hand, much less expensive to carry out. On the other hand, they also make it possible for the first time to economically produce large and / or curved surfaces provided with microstructures.
- the master molding process according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously if the component is formed by solidifying a liquid metal in a cavity of the molding tool.
- Such primary molding processes from the liquid phase enable the production of almost any complex components with component dimensions between a few millimeters and several meters in one work step.
- details in the microstructure area can now be generated in the surface of the component in the same work step.
- the liquid metal is preferably introduced into the mold by casting from the liquid phase.
- the metal can also be introduced into the molding tool in a granular or powdery solid state in sintered or liquid phase sintering processes and liquefied by heating in the molding tool.
- the metal can also be introduced into the mold in the thixothropic, ie plastically deformable, state.
- An “essentially metallic material” is also understood to mean a composite material with a metallic matrix and, for example, ceramic — that is, inorganic — nonmetallic — grains or fibers composed of silicates, carbides, nitrides, for example hard materials such as tungsten carbide.
- the cavity of the mold can be provided with a thin metal layer in the course of an original molding process according to the invention from the liquid phase before filling the mold by common methods such as PVD, CVD, MOCVD, the layer thickness ranging from a few atomic layers to a few Micrometers can range. In this way, optimal wetting of even very fine structures in the surface of the cavity is ensured by the metallic melt.
- the molding tool can be coated with the same metallic material with which the component is subsequently cast in the molding tool.
- Molding tool can be molded from a model in a master molding process.
- Such primary molding processes according to the invention include, in particular, processes with so-called “lost mold” such as fine and sand casting.
- the investment casting process is a common process for producing filigree structures in metallic components Sink erosion or also are produced by the investment casting process according to the invention.
- Such casting methods according to the invention enable the economical series production of components with microstructure functional elements, in particular through the multiple use of the same model.
- permanent molds can be assembled from components or produced by machining or eroding processes.
- special applications for example in the context of rapid prototyping - it is also possible to manufacture a mold by applying or layer-by-layer processes.
- the functional element is preferably formed on the model and is molded from the model onto the molding tool. If the same model is used several times, the primary molding process is simplified and the economy of the primary molding process is increased, also with regard to the production of the negative of the functional element on molding tools produced in series.
- an original shaping method according to the invention can also be attached by means of a separately performed shaping step, for example by embossing, by micro-machining or - eroding processing or by application or attachment of prefabricated standard parts
- the negative of the functional element can be applied to a ceramic molded shell for an investment casting process according to the invention either in the surface of the ceramic produced in the described immersion process or in the surface of a subsequently applied size.
- the model can be melted out, evaporated, dissolved or otherwise removed from the molded mold.
- Such primary molding processes according to the invention with the so-called “lost model” used only once, in particular include investment casting processes.
- a wax or plastic model is repeatedly immersed in a ceramic slip and the ceramic molding shell is thus built up in layers.
- the model is then melted out of the finished molding tool or
- "lost foam" sand casting a sand mold is built around a foam model that evaporates when the liquid metal material is poured into the finished mold.
- Model can be molded from a master mold in a master molding process.
- a wax model for an investment casting process according to the invention can be molded from a metallic master mold.
- the model can also be assembled from components as part of an original molding process according to the invention or produced by machining or eroding processes.
- the negative of the functional element is preferably formed on the original mold and is molded from the original form onto the model. If the same master mold is used several times, the master mold process is simplified and the economy of the master mold process is increased, also with regard to the production of the functional element on series-produced models.
- the functional element can be attached to the surface of the model as part of an original shaping process according to the invention by means of a separately performed shaping step, for example by embossing, by micro-machining or EDM machining or by applying or attaching prefabricated standard parts.
- Master form can be molded from a master model in a master molding process.
- a master mold for an investment casting method according to the invention can be molded from a master model created using rapid prototyping, for example using the stereolithography method.
- the period up to the start of series production in particular of numerically optimized components with microstructure functional elements, can be significantly shortened even in the case of master molding methods according to the invention with a “lost model”.
- the master mold can in turn also be composed of components or produced by machining or eroding processes.
- the functional element is preferably formed on the original model and is molded from the original model onto the original form. If the same master model is used several times, the master process is simplified and the economy of the master process is increased, also with regard to the production of the negative of the functional element on master molds produced in series. [41] Alternatively, the negative of the functional element in the surface of the
- Master forms can also be attached as part of a master shaping process according to the invention by means of a separately performed shaping step, for example by embossing, by micro-chip end or EDM machining or by applying or attaching prefabricated standard parts.
- a free-form surface is formed as a functional element, which rises from the surface of the component.
- a free-form surface can, for example, replicate the shape of a shark's skin scale, so that a plurality of such functional elements impart particularly aerodynamic properties to the surface of a component.
- the functional element preferably has a characteristic dimension with a length of less than 500 ⁇ m, in particular less than 300 ⁇ m.
- the length is particularly preferably below 100 ⁇ m or below 10 ⁇ m. Tests show that structures in the submicrometer range, even less than 100 nm, can also be imaged.
- the characteristic dimension of the functional element can lie in the plane of the surface of the component.
- the functional element can be a 500 ⁇ m wide and 10 mm deep cut in the surface of the component.
- the characteristic dimension can also be perpendicular to the surface of a component.
- the functional element can be a cone protruding from the surface of the component by 50 ⁇ m.
- a (mathematically averaged) surface can be regarded as the characteristic measure as the surface and the distance between individual neighboring functional elements or the local distance between the envelopes of the relief.
- the functional element can be a step, the characteristic measure being the height of the step relative to the surface of the component.
- the step - that is to say an essentially linear elevation from the surface of the component - in the nanostructure region represents the elementary shape of a functional element.
- a plurality of functional elements are preferably formed on the component as part of an original molding process according to the invention.
- Elementary functional elements can, for example - if necessary in the UV range - be arranged optically effectively in the form of a Fresnel lens or also represent the outlines of a lettering or logo as a manufacturer's proof.
- a surface-textured functional region is preferably formed from functional elements arranged periodically in the surface of the component.
- the one in the surface Functional elements arranged in the component can also be designed periodically, in a graded manner, in such a way that at least one characteristic dimension, the height relative to the surface, the position to one another or the distance between adjacent functional elements changes above the surface of the component.
- a functional area has a biomimetic surface structure.
- a large number of surface effects are known from nature, the causes of which lie in the microstructure range. Examples include shark skin, sandfish, lotus leaves and garden cress.
- the object is further achieved according to the invention by a mold for a component with a microstructure functional element, the component being moldable from an essentially metallic material by means of the mold, and a surface of the mold having a negative of the functional element by means of which the Functional element is malleable.
- the primary molding method described above can be carried out by means of such a molding tool according to the invention.
- the molding tool according to the invention can be a lost ceramic shape.
- the molding tool according to the invention can comprise a core which has the negative of the functional element.
- a microstructure functional element can also be molded in a cavity of the component.
- the negative of the functional element can in turn be attached to a core according to the invention either in the surface of the core itself or in the surface of a subsequently applied size.
- a core for a component with a microstructure functional element the component being able to be formed from an essentially metallic material in a cavity of a molding tool which comprises the core, the core being a negative of the functional element has that can be molded from the core onto the component.
- the primary molding process described above can be carried out by means of such a core according to the invention.
- a core box for a component with a microstructure functional element the component being able to be formed from an essentially metallic material in a cavity of a molding tool which comprises a core which can be shaped in the core box, and wherein the core box has the functional element which can be molded from the core box onto the core and from the core onto the component.
- the primary molding process described above can also be carried out by means of such a core according to the invention.
- a mold can be molded from the model in a master molding process, the component can be molded from an essentially metallic material in a cavity of the mold, and wherein the model has the functional element which can be molded from the model onto the mold and from the mold onto the component.
- the original molding process described above can be carried out by means of such a model according to the invention.
- Master form for a component with a microstructure functional element whereby a model can be molded from the master form and a mold from the model using the master molding method, the component can be formed from an essentially metallic material in a cavity of the mold, and the master form is a negative of the functional element, which can be molded from the original shape onto the model, from the model onto the molding tool and from the molding tool onto the component.
- such an original form according to the invention can be made from an elastomer.
- the master form in PDMS can be modeled from a master model.
- a master mold can be molded from the master model, a master model from the master mold and a mold from the model, the component can be molded from an essentially metallic material in a cavity of the mold, and wherein Master model has the functional element, and that the functional element can be molded from the master model to the master form, from the master form to the model, from the model to the mold and from the mold to the component.
- the primary molding method described above can also be carried out by means of such a primary mold according to the invention.
- a metallic turbine blade model is glued to the original model with commercially available glass decor foil with a wave-shaped surface structure and molded in PDMS.
- the glass decorative film has a thickness of 120 ⁇ m.
- the wax model is produced in the original shape obtained in this way, and the ceramic molded shell is used as a molding tool by immersion and sanding.
- the turbine blade is cast using the well known Bridgman investment casting process.
- Illustration of a company logo is printed out on film using a laser printer.
- the lateral structure size of the toner applied to the film is approximately 200 ⁇ m, the thickness of the toner layer is approximately 10 ⁇ m.
- the film is glued into a permanent mold for wax models.
- the wax model is produced in the permanent mold using the full molding process (Shaw process).
- the aluminum cast part is cast in the well-known differential pressure casting process.
- a quartz plate is produced as a master model using generally known electron beam Uithographic methods. This has line structures with a width of 4 ⁇ m and a depth of 200 nm at intervals of 4 ⁇ m.
- the master model is molded in PDMS as the master mold, in the master mold the wax model is made, from which the mold shell can be made.
- Lithographically produced surfaces can - especially with very fine ones
- Structures usually only on flat substrates and with areas in the area of a square centimeter.
- microstructured surfaces are produced by modular combination of either these lithographically produced master models or models or molds replicated according to the invention by these master models.
- Wax models so-called wax matrices, in investment casting, jewelery casting or prototype casting, which are based on embedding under pressure in hot vulcanizate molds at temperatures of 150 ° C. and require the use of a release agent
- the master model is depressurized according to the invention for producing the master mold embedded in an elastomer.
- the master mold is evacuated before filling with wax to avoid the formation of microscopic gas bubbles in the wax model.
- the wax is pressed into the original mold under pressure to achieve a good mold filling and thus a good image.
- Ceramic molds with microstructures are manufactured in accordance with known investment casting processes.
- the investment casting slurries and / or investment materials used are modified by adding ceramic nanopowder to increase the imaging accuracy.
- the directional solidification of the metallic alloy using the Bridgman process ensures continuous feeding and enables the production of grain-free components.
- Functional elements are manufactured that transfer the surface structure as a forming tool to another component or semi-finished product in a forming process, such as rollers, embossing rollers, pairs of rollers, presses, embossing tools and deep-drawing molds.
- Aerodynamic applications for example turbine blades for aviation turbines or stationary turbines, turbocharger wheels, valves, exhaust manifolds, intake pipes, nozzles, fans and bullets,
- Fluid dynamic applications for example propellers, nozzles, pump housings and wheels, screw conveyors, torpedoes and micro-reactors,
- Medical applications for example heart valves with improved flow properties and reduced limescale, implants or dentures with improved adhesion and surgical cutlery, tribological applications, for example pillow blocks, cylinder-piston pairs, runners for example for ice skates, irons, transport screws and brake discs,
- Micromechanical applications for example precise positioning of individual fibers of glass fiber bundles
- Optical applications for example anti-reflective surfaces, anti-reflective coating and moldings for lenses, stiffening effects on thin walls,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10314373A DE10314373A1 (de) | 2003-03-28 | 2003-03-28 | Urfomverfahren für ein Bauteil mit Mikrostruktur-Funktionselement |
PCT/DE2004/000638 WO2004087350A2 (de) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-26 | Formverfahren für ein bauteil mit mikrostruktur-funktionselement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1673186A2 true EP1673186A2 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
Family
ID=32946339
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04723507A Withdrawn EP1673186A2 (de) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-26 | Formverfahren für ein bauteil mit mikrostruktur-funktionselement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7681627B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1673186A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006521207A (de) |
DE (2) | DE10314373A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004087350A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
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US8118556B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2012-02-21 | Caterpillar Inc. | Compressor wheel for a turbocharger system |
DE102008009092B3 (de) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-05-20 | Eisenwerk Hasenclever & Sohn Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von eine komplexe Geometrie aufweisenden Kernen für Gießereizwecke |
WO2010096072A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Methods for fabricating microstructures |
US20110042858A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Vinch Jr Samuel D | Method of making molds with production ready surfaces |
DE102011106763A1 (de) | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-10 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Oberfläche eines Bauteils mit reduziertem Luftströmungswiderstand und Bauteil mit reduziertem Luftströmungswiderstand |
DE102011114832A1 (de) | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Ribletfolie und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
EP2711666A1 (de) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-26 | Boegli-Gravures S.A. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Satzes von miteinander kooperierenden Prägewalzen und Modellvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US9835035B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2017-12-05 | Howmet Corporation | Cast-in cooling features especially for turbine airfoils |
US10696104B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2020-06-30 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | Tires and other objects having an aerodynamic/hydrodynamic surface treatment |
DE102014221852A1 (de) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-04-28 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Gießwerkzeug mit zumindest einer Kavität zur Herstellung zumindest eines Gussteiles |
US10696080B1 (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2020-06-30 | 1900 Llc | Method and stamp for repeatable image correlation micro patterning and resulting specimen produced therefrom |
US10131113B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2018-11-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multilayered carbon-carbon composite |
US9944526B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2018-04-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Carbon fiber preforms |
US10302163B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2019-05-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Carbon-carbon composite component with antioxidant coating |
US10035305B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-07-31 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method of making carbon fiber preforms |
US10022890B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2018-07-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | In situ carbonization of a resin to form a carbon-carbon composite |
US10300631B2 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2019-05-28 | Honeywell International Inc. | Carbon fiber preforms |
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-
2003
- 2003-03-28 DE DE10314373A patent/DE10314373A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-03-26 WO PCT/DE2004/000638 patent/WO2004087350A2/de active Application Filing
- 2004-03-26 DE DE112004000620T patent/DE112004000620D2/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-26 EP EP04723507A patent/EP1673186A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-26 JP JP2006504275A patent/JP2006521207A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-09-28 US US11/238,184 patent/US7681627B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-02-03 US US12/699,303 patent/US20100132847A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20020144515A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-10 | Zieverink Robert M. | Jewelry making method using a rapid prototyping machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004087350A3 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
US7681627B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
US20060162896A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
US20100132847A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
JP2006521207A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
DE10314373A1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
WO2004087350A2 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
DE112004000620D2 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
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