EP1672304A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1672304A1
EP1672304A1 EP04030073A EP04030073A EP1672304A1 EP 1672304 A1 EP1672304 A1 EP 1672304A1 EP 04030073 A EP04030073 A EP 04030073A EP 04030073 A EP04030073 A EP 04030073A EP 1672304 A1 EP1672304 A1 EP 1672304A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
inner tube
outlet
tube
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04030073A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1672304B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neue Energie Verwertungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Neue Energie Verwertungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PT04030073T priority Critical patent/PT1672304E/en
Application filed by Neue Energie Verwertungs GmbH filed Critical Neue Energie Verwertungs GmbH
Priority to DE502004004210T priority patent/DE502004004210D1/en
Priority to ES04030073T priority patent/ES2289419T3/en
Priority to AT04030073T priority patent/ATE365900T1/en
Priority to PL04030073T priority patent/PL1672304T3/en
Priority to EP04030073A priority patent/EP1672304B1/en
Priority to JP2007545957A priority patent/JP2008524543A/en
Priority to MX2007007366A priority patent/MX2007007366A/en
Priority to US11/792,513 priority patent/US20070295493A1/en
Priority to CNA2005800434832A priority patent/CN101080605A/en
Priority to BRPI0519525-0A priority patent/BRPI0519525A2/en
Priority to CA002590569A priority patent/CA2590569A1/en
Priority to AU2005315782A priority patent/AU2005315782A1/en
Priority to KR1020077016434A priority patent/KR20070094792A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2005/013548 priority patent/WO2006063840A1/en
Priority to RU2007127415/06A priority patent/RU2007127415A/en
Publication of EP1672304A1 publication Critical patent/EP1672304A1/en
Priority to TNP2007000230A priority patent/TNSN07230A1/en
Priority to IL183988A priority patent/IL183988A0/en
Priority to MA30005A priority patent/MA29102B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1672304B1 publication Critical patent/EP1672304B1/en
Priority to ZA200705222A priority patent/ZA200705222B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for heat transfer between two separate media.
  • Heat exchangers are often used in technology to realize a heat transfer between two media. So to be processed with heat exchangers media either heated or cooled.
  • a field of application for heat exchangers is the cooling of hot gases.
  • exhaust gases are expelled from the combustion chambers at temperatures of 1000 ° C. and more. In some cases it is desirable to cool these hot gases to temperatures of 50 ° C and less.
  • heat exchangers are typically used. In certain situations, where the space is cramped or where it is necessary for other reasons, to realize the exchange of heat on the shortest possible distance, heat exchangers of small or short design are desired.
  • no heat exchangers are known, which are particularly suitable for generating a high temperature gradient over the shortest distance (eg cooling of Hot gases from an inlet temperature of 1000 ° C and more to an outlet temperature of below 80 ° C, preferably below 50 ° C over a length of about 30 cm).
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized by a lying within a jacket tube inner tube, which is closed on one side.
  • the closed end of the inner tube is located on the inlet side of the jacket tube, in which, for example, to flow cooled hot gases or other hot media.
  • a coolant is first fed into the inner tube and cools both on the closed end face and on the pipe wall flowing past, to be cooled medium. From the inner tube, the cooling medium then passes into a spiral conduit wound around the inner tube and also leads there to a further cooling effect, before it leaves the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is also suitable for conversely heating a cool medium flowing into the jacket tube with the aid of a heating medium flowing into the "coolant” inlet.
  • the terms “coolant inlet”, “coolant outlet” and “coolant outlet” are not to be construed as limited to a coolant, but they can equally well be used for a medium which is used for heating a medium flowing through the jacket pipe, thus a "warming agent" ,
  • An outlet pipe to be provided in accordance with claim 2 in the interior of the inner tube has the advantage that the coolant flowing into the inner tube must be distributed throughout the inner tube before it can pass into the spiral conduit through the outlet tube. In this way, the achieved on the wall of the inner tube cooling effect is enhanced, resulting in an overall better cooling performance and heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. Of course, similar considerations apply to operation of the heat exchanger for heating a medium.
  • the spiral conduit is guided at least along the entire length of the inner tube surrounding it.
  • the individual turns of the spiral line are closely wound, but without touching. There must be a spacing between the individual turns of the spiral line so that contact can also take place between the medium to be cooled or heated and the surface of the spiral line through which the coolant or heat medium flows.
  • spiral duct is arranged at a radial distance to the wall of the inner tube and to the wall of the jacket tube, supports the desired turbulence of the flowing through the jacket tube medium and the associated increased heat exchange efficiency. It has been found that a radial distance of the spiral conduit to the wall of the inner tube, which is approximately equal to the radial distance of the spiral conduit to the wall of the jacket tube, shows particularly good results (claim 6).
  • At least the spiral duct of the heat exchanger consists of a material with good thermal conduction properties.
  • copper is preferably used, but other materials with good thermal conductivity properties are conceivable, such as, for example, silver.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is used to cool combustion gases from internal combustion engines, in particular combustion exhaust gases from motor vehicle engines.
  • a heat exchanger must, on the one hand, apply a high cooling power, in order to achieve that with approximately 1000 ° C and more emerging from the combustion chamber, hot exhaust gases to a temperature of 80 ° C and less, preferably below 50 ° C to cool.
  • the heat exchanger must also be of compact design, since the space in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle is limited.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly well.
  • a heat exchanger 12 according to the invention is shown schematically in cross section.
  • the heat exchanger 12 according to the invention has a jacket tube 8, which opens via radial tapers in an inlet 1 shown in the drawing above and an outlet 2 shown in the drawing below.
  • This embodiment of the heat exchanger 12 is preferably designed for the cooling of hot gases.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can be used in all possible variants, including for cooling liquids, for heating gases or liquids or other heat transfers.
  • an inner tube 3 is arranged concentrically to this, which is closed at its front side facing the inlet 1 shown in the drawing above.
  • the closed end face of the inner tube 3 forms a baffle plate 11 for a medium flowing in via the inlet 1 into the heat exchanger 12, in particular gas.
  • this On the outlet 2 facing side of the inner tube 3, this has a coolant inlet 5, which is passed through the jacket tube 8 and connected to a coolant inlet 9.
  • Inside the inner tube 3 there is an outlet tube 6, which is drawn to just before the baffle plate 11 and there has an opening.
  • the outlet tube 6 leads out of the inner tube 3 and goes into a spiral conduit 7, which in tight turns, but with retention of a distance between the turns, along the entire length of the inner tube 3 to this is led around. At the end of the spiral line this goes into a coolant outlet 10, which is passed through the jacket tube 8.
  • the hot exhaust gases enter the jacket tube 8 via the inlet 1. There they meet the baffle plate 11, whereby the stream is divided and first turbulences arise. This is indicated schematically in the figure by corresponding arrows. There on the baffle plate 11 already takes place a first indirect contact with the flowing in the inner tube 3 cooling medium, so that already an initial cooling effect is effected.
  • the gas is deflected by the baffle plate 11, it enters the annular space formed between the casing tube 8 and the inner tube 3.
  • the spiral conduit which is arranged in this embodiment in the radial direction approximately centrally between the wall of the inner tube 3 and the wall of the outer tube 8.
  • the inflowing medium preferably gas, runs a markedly extended path within the jacket tube 8 and has intensive contact with the surfaces of the inner tube 3 and spiral conduit 7 which are traversed by the cooling medium.
  • the cooled medium preferably gas
  • the flow of the coolant from the coolant inlet 9 through the inner tube 3 and the spiral conduit 7 up to the coolant outlet 10 is also indicated by arrows.
  • the inner tube 3 has a diameter d of 60 mm, the diameter of the spiral line d s , measured from outer wall to outer wall, is 110 mm, the diameter D of the jacket tube 150 mm, the length L of the jacket tube 200 to 300 mm, the diameter of the inlet 1 and the outlet 2 (not indicated in the figures) about 50 to 60 mm.
  • a copper conduit is used as a spiral conduit 7 with a circular cross-section and a diameter of 15 mm.
  • This heat exchanger is used for cooling exhaust gases leaving about 1000 ° C. and more from an internal combustion engine up to temperatures of about 50 ° C.
  • n-butane is added at room temperature (about 25 ° C) in the coolant inlet, the n-butane has then left the coolant outlet at a temperature of about 120 ° C.
  • a 30 bar pump was used to promote the coolant n-butane.
  • water or another liquid or a liquid mixture can also be used as the coolant.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention could be integrated into the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, for example as a replacement for a catalytic converter or a silencer.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is not limited to the use described in this embodiment, but can be used for cooling or heating of various media.
  • the heat exchanger can be used only for heat transfer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

Heat exchanger has a jacket tube (8) that has an inlet (1) and an outlet (2) for a medium to be cooled. An inner tube (3), which is arranged inside the jacket tube, is closed on the side facing the inlet, is joined to a coolant inlet (5) on the side facing the outlet and has a coolant outlet. This coolant outlet leads to the side facing the outlet of inner tube and transitions into spiral line (7). The spiral line, from the side facing the outlet, extends toward the inlet while winding around the inner tube and, in the end, leads into a coolant discharge (10). An independent claim is also included for the utilization of a heat exchanger.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher zum Wärmeübertrag zwischen zwei getrennten Medien.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for heat transfer between two separate media.

Wärmetauscher finden in der Technik vielfach Einsatz, um zwischen zwei Medien einen Wärmeübertrag zu realisieren. So werden mit Wärmetauschern zu bearbeitende Medien entweder erwärmt oder abgekühlt.Heat exchangers are often used in technology to realize a heat transfer between two media. So to be processed with heat exchangers media either heated or cooled.

Ein Einsatzbereich für Wärmetauscher ist das Abkühlen heißer Gase. So werden bspw. im Bereich von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen aus den Brennkammern Abgase bei Temperaturen von 1000° C und mehr ausgestoßen. In einigen Fällen ist es wünschenswert, diese heißen Gase auf Temperaturen von 50° C und weniger abzukühlen. Hier werden typischerweise Wärmetauscher eingesetzt. In bestimmten Situationen, in denen der Raum beengt ist oder aber in denen es aus anderen Gründen erforderlich ist, den Austausch von Wärme auf einer möglichst kurzen Strecke zu realisieren, sind Wärmetauscher von kleiner bzw. kurzer Bauart erwünscht.A field of application for heat exchangers is the cooling of hot gases. For example, in the field of internal combustion engines, exhaust gases are expelled from the combustion chambers at temperatures of 1000 ° C. and more. In some cases it is desirable to cool these hot gases to temperatures of 50 ° C and less. Here, heat exchangers are typically used. In certain situations, where the space is cramped or where it is necessary for other reasons, to realize the exchange of heat on the shortest possible distance, heat exchangers of small or short design are desired.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind keine Wärmetauscher bekannt, die sich insbesondere eignen, auf kürzester Distanz einen hohen Temperaturgradienten zu erzeugen (z.B. Abkühlen von Heißgasen von einer Eintrittstemperatur von 1000° C und mehr zu einer Austrittstemperatur von unterhalb 80° C, vorzugsweise unterhalb 50° C auf einer Baulänge von etwa 30 cm).From the state of the art, no heat exchangers are known, which are particularly suitable for generating a high temperature gradient over the shortest distance (eg cooling of Hot gases from an inlet temperature of 1000 ° C and more to an outlet temperature of below 80 ° C, preferably below 50 ° C over a length of about 30 cm).

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Wärmetauscher anzugeben, der bei kompakter Bauweise eine hohe Wärmeübertragungseffizienz erreichen lässt.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a heat exchanger, which can achieve a high heat transfer efficiency in a compact design.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Wärmetauscher mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Weitere vorteilhafte konstruktive Ausgestaltungen des Wärmetauschers sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 7 angegeben. In Anspruch 8 ist eine bevorzugte Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers genannt, die jedoch nicht eine ausschließlich mögliche Verwendung darstellt.This object is achieved with a heat exchanger having the features of claim 1. Further advantageous structural embodiments of the heat exchanger are specified in claims 2 to 7. In claim 8, a preferred use of the heat exchanger according to the invention is called, but not an exclusively possible use.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher zeichnet sich aus durch ein innerhalb eines Mantelrohres liegendes Innenrohr, welches einseitig verschlossen ist. Das verschlossene Ende des Innenrohres liegt auf der Einlassseite des Mantelrohres, in welches bspw. abzukühlende Heißgase oder andere heiße Medien einströmen. Ein Kühlmittel wird zunächst in das Innenrohr geführt und kühlt sowohl auf der verschlossenen Stirnseite als auch an der Rohrwand das vorbei strömende, zu kühlende Medium. Aus dem Innenrohr tritt das Kühlmedium dann über in eine um das Innenrohr gewundene Spiralleitung und führt auch dort zu einem weiteren Kühleffekt, ehe es den Wärmetauscher verlässt.The heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized by a lying within a jacket tube inner tube, which is closed on one side. The closed end of the inner tube is located on the inlet side of the jacket tube, in which, for example, to flow cooled hot gases or other hot media. A coolant is first fed into the inner tube and cools both on the closed end face and on the pipe wall flowing past, to be cooled medium. From the inner tube, the cooling medium then passes into a spiral conduit wound around the inner tube and also leads there to a further cooling effect, before it leaves the heat exchanger.

Auf diese Weise wird zunächst eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Wärmetauschern deutlich vergrößerte Kontaktoberfläche geschaffen, an der getrennt über die Wände des Innenrohres bzw. der Spiralleitung ein Kontakt zwischen dem Kühlmedium und dem abzukühlenden Medium stattfindet. Zudem bewirkt diese konstruktive Ausgestaltung, bei der das abzukühlende Medium zunächst gegen das einseitig verschlossene Ende des Innenrohres anströmt und dann an dem Innenrohr seitlich vorbei entlang der gewundenen Spiralleitungen strömt, eine Verwirbelung des abzukühlenden Mediums, wobei dieses Medium in Wirbeln teilweise auch gegen den eigentlichen Hauptstrom läuft. Dadurch ergibt sich eine besonders lange Verweildauer bzw. ein langer Migrationsweg des abzukühlenden Mediums in dem Wärmetauscher, so dass sich auf einer kurzen Baustrecke des Wärmetauschers ein inniger Kontakt zwischen dem abzukühlenden Medium und den von dem Medium durchströmten Elementen Innenrohr und Spiralleitung ergibt. Diese Tatsache führt schließlich dazu, dass auf einer kurzen Längserstreckung des Wärmetauschers eine beachtliche Kühlung erreicht werden kann.In this way, a contact surface which is significantly enlarged in comparison with conventional heat exchangers is initially provided, at which contact takes place separately between the cooling medium and the medium to be cooled via the walls of the inner tube or the spiral line. In addition, this constructive embodiment, in which the medium to be cooled first flows against the one-sided closed end of the inner tube and then flows laterally along the inner tube along the spiral spiral lines causes a swirling of the medium to be cooled, said medium in Whirling partly also against the actual main current runs. This results in a particularly long dwell time or a long migration path of the medium to be cooled in the heat exchanger, so that on a short construction section of the heat exchanger, an intimate contact between the medium to be cooled and the medium flows through the elements inner tube and spiral line results. This fact eventually leads to a considerable cooling can be achieved on a short longitudinal extent of the heat exchanger.

Selbstverständlich eignet sich der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher aber auch, um umgekehrt ein kühles, in das Mantelrohr einströmendes Medium mit Hilfe eines in den "Kühlmittel-" Zulauf einströmenden Erwärmungsmediums zu erwärmen. Insoweit sind die Begriffe "Kühlmitteleinlass", "Kühlmittelauslass" und "Kühlmittelablauf" nicht auf ein Kühlmittel beschränkt aufzufassen, sondern sie können ebenso gut für ein Medium genutzt werden, welches zum Erwärmen eines durch das Mantelrohr strömenden Mediums genutzt werden, mithin eines "Wärmmittels".Of course, however, the heat exchanger according to the invention is also suitable for conversely heating a cool medium flowing into the jacket tube with the aid of a heating medium flowing into the "coolant" inlet. In that regard, the terms "coolant inlet", "coolant outlet" and "coolant outlet" are not to be construed as limited to a coolant, but they can equally well be used for a medium which is used for heating a medium flowing through the jacket pipe, thus a "warming agent" ,

Ein gemäß Anspruch 2 vorzusehendes Auslassrohr im Innen des Innenrohres hat den Vorteil, dass das in das Innenrohr einströmende Kühlmittel sich in dem gesamten Innenrohr verteilen muss, bevor es durch das Auslassrohr in die Spiralleitung übergehen kann. Auf diese Weise wird der an der Wandung des Innenrohrs erzielte Kühleffekt verstärkt, was zu einer insgesamt besseren Kühlleistung bzw. Wärmeübertragsleistung des Wärmetauschers führt. Ähnliche Überlegungen gelten selbstverständlich bei einem Betrieb des Wärmetauschers zum Erwärmen eines Mediums.An outlet pipe to be provided in accordance with claim 2 in the interior of the inner tube has the advantage that the coolant flowing into the inner tube must be distributed throughout the inner tube before it can pass into the spiral conduit through the outlet tube. In this way, the achieved on the wall of the inner tube cooling effect is enhanced, resulting in an overall better cooling performance and heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. Of course, similar considerations apply to operation of the heat exchanger for heating a medium.

Die Ausbildung der verschlossenen Seite des Innenrohres als Prallplatte führt zu einer bereits an dieser Geometrie auftretenden ersten Verwirbelung des einströmenden Mediums, welche insgesamt zu der langen Verweildauer des einströmenden Mediums in dem Wärmetauscher und damit erzielten effizienten hohen Wärmetauschereffizienz des Wärmetauschers beiträgt.The formation of the closed side of the inner tube as a baffle plate leads to an already occurring on this geometry first turbulence of the inflowing medium, which in total to the long residence time of the inflowing medium in the heat exchanger and thus achieved efficient high heat exchanger efficiency of the heat exchanger contributes.

Ebenfalls zu einer hohen Wärmetauschereffizienz trägt die gemäß Anspruch 4 vorgesehene Weiterbildung bei, dass die Spiralleitung wenigstens entlang der gesamten Länge des Innenrohres dieses umgebend geführt ist. Vorzugsweise sind die einzelnen Windungen der Spiralleitung dabei eng gewickelt, ohne sich jedoch zu berühren. Zwischen den einzelnen Windungen der Spiralleitung muss ein Abstand verbleiben, damit auch dort ein Kontakt zwischen dem abzukühlenden bzw. zu erwärmenden Medium und der Oberfläche der von dem Kühlmittel bzw. Wärmmittel durchströmten Spiralleitung stattfinden kann.Also contributes to a high heat exchanger efficiency provided in accordance with claim 4 further that the spiral conduit is guided at least along the entire length of the inner tube surrounding it. Preferably, the individual turns of the spiral line are closely wound, but without touching. There must be a spacing between the individual turns of the spiral line so that contact can also take place between the medium to be cooled or heated and the surface of the spiral line through which the coolant or heat medium flows.

Eine Ausbildung, wie sie in Anspruch 5 angegeben ist, wonach die Spiralleitung mit radialem Abstand zu der Wand des Innenrohres und zu der Wand des Mantelrohres angeordnet ist, unterstützt die gewünschte Verwirbelung des durch das Mantelrohr strömenden Mediums und die damit einhergehende erhöhte Wärmetauscheffizienz. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass ein radialer Abstand der Spiralleitung zu der Wand des Innenrohres, der in etwa gleich dem radialen Abstand der Spiralleitung zu der Wand des Mantelrohres ist, besonders gute Ergebnisse zeigt (Anspruch 6).An embodiment as set forth in claim 5, wherein the spiral duct is arranged at a radial distance to the wall of the inner tube and to the wall of the jacket tube, supports the desired turbulence of the flowing through the jacket tube medium and the associated increased heat exchange efficiency. It has been found that a radial distance of the spiral conduit to the wall of the inner tube, which is approximately equal to the radial distance of the spiral conduit to the wall of the jacket tube, shows particularly good results (claim 6).

Gemäß Anspruch 7 ist es schließlich von Vorteil, wenn zumindest die Spiralleitung des Wärmetauschers aus einem Material mit guten Wärmeleiteigenschaften besteht. Hierbei wird vorzugsweise Kupfer eingesetzt, jedoch sind auch andere Materialien mit guten Wärmeleiteigenschaften denkbar, wie bspw. Silber.Finally, according to claim 7, it is advantageous if at least the spiral duct of the heat exchanger consists of a material with good thermal conduction properties. In this case, copper is preferably used, but other materials with good thermal conductivity properties are conceivable, such as, for example, silver.

Bevorzugt wird der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher eingesetzt, um Verbrennungsabgase aus Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere Verbrennungsabgasen aus Kraftfahrzeugmotoren abzukühlen. Gerade in Kraftfahrzeugmotoren bzw. im Abgassystem von Kraftfahrzeugmotoren muss ein solcher Wärmetauscher einerseits eine hohe Kühlleistung aufbringen, um die mit etwa 1000° C und mehr aus dem Verbrennungsraum austretenden, heißen Abgase auf eine Temperatur von 80° C und weniger, vorzugsweise unterhalb von 50° C abzukühlen. Der Wärmetauscher muss aber auch von kompakter Bauweise sein, da der Raum im Abgassystem des Kraftfahrzeuges beschränkt ist. Hier eignet sich der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher besonders gut.Preferably, the heat exchanger according to the invention is used to cool combustion gases from internal combustion engines, in particular combustion exhaust gases from motor vehicle engines. Especially in motor vehicle engines or in the exhaust system of motor vehicle engines, such a heat exchanger must, on the one hand, apply a high cooling power, in order to achieve that with approximately 1000 ° C and more emerging from the combustion chamber, hot exhaust gases to a temperature of 80 ° C and less, preferably below 50 ° C to cool. The heat exchanger must also be of compact design, since the space in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle is limited. Here, the heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly well.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand der beigefügten Figur. Dabei ist in

Fig. 1
schematisch ein Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher gezeigt.
Further advantages and features of the heat exchanger according to the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying figure. It is in
Fig. 1
schematically shows a cross section through a heat exchanger according to the invention.

In der Figur ist schematisch ein erfindungsgemäßer Wärmetauscher 12 im Querschnitt dargestellt. Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher 12 besitzt ein Mantelrohr 8, welches über radiale Verjüngungen in einen in der Zeichnung oben dargestellten Einlass 1 und einen in der Zeichnung unten dargestellten Auslass 2 mündet. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmetauschers 12 ist vorzugsweise für das Abkühlen von Heißgasen konzipiert. Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher kann jedoch in allen möglichen Varianten eingesetzt werden, so auch zum Abkühlen von Flüssigkeiten, zum Erwärmen von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten oder sonstigen Wärmeüberträgen.In the figure, a heat exchanger 12 according to the invention is shown schematically in cross section. The heat exchanger 12 according to the invention has a jacket tube 8, which opens via radial tapers in an inlet 1 shown in the drawing above and an outlet 2 shown in the drawing below. This embodiment of the heat exchanger 12 is preferably designed for the cooling of hot gases. However, the heat exchanger according to the invention can be used in all possible variants, including for cooling liquids, for heating gases or liquids or other heat transfers.

Im Innern des Mantelrohres 8 ist konzentrisch zu diesem ein Innenrohr 3 angeordnet, welches an seiner in der Zeichnung oben dargestellten, dem Einlass 1 zugewandten Stirnseite verschlossen ist. Die verschlossene Stirnseite des Innenrohres 3 bildet eine Prallplatte 11 für ein über den Einlass 1 in den Wärmetauscher 12 einströmendes Medium, insbesondere Gas. Auf der dem Auslass 2 zugewandten Seite des Innenrohres 3 weist dieses einen Kühlmitteleinlass 5 auf, welcher durch das Mantelrohr 8 hindurchgeführt und mit einem Kühlmittelzulauf 9 verbunden ist. Im Innern des Innenrohres 3 befindet sich ein Auslassrohr 6, welches bis kurz vor die Prallplatte 11 gezogen ist und dort eine Öffnung aufweist. Diese Öffnung liegt in etwa mittig auf der Mittelachse des Innenrohres 3. Das Auslassrohr 6 führt aus dem Innenrohr 3 heraus und geht in eine Spiralleitung 7 über, die in engen Windungen, jedoch unter Einbehaltung eines Abstandes zwischen den Windungen, entlang der gesamten Länge des Innenrohres 3 um dieses herumgeführt ist. Am Ende der Spiralleitung geht diese in einen Kühlmittelablauf 10 über, der durch das Mantelrohr 8 hindurchgeführt ist.In the interior of the jacket tube 8, an inner tube 3 is arranged concentrically to this, which is closed at its front side facing the inlet 1 shown in the drawing above. The closed end face of the inner tube 3 forms a baffle plate 11 for a medium flowing in via the inlet 1 into the heat exchanger 12, in particular gas. On the outlet 2 facing side of the inner tube 3, this has a coolant inlet 5, which is passed through the jacket tube 8 and connected to a coolant inlet 9. Inside the inner tube 3 there is an outlet tube 6, which is drawn to just before the baffle plate 11 and there has an opening. This opening The outlet tube 6 leads out of the inner tube 3 and goes into a spiral conduit 7, which in tight turns, but with retention of a distance between the turns, along the entire length of the inner tube 3 to this is led around. At the end of the spiral line this goes into a coolant outlet 10, which is passed through the jacket tube 8.

In einem bevorzugten Betrieb zum Abkühlen heißer Abgase von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen treten die heißen Abgase über den Einlass 1 in das Mantelrohr 8 hinein. Dort treffen sie auf die Prallplatte 11, wobei der Strom geteilt wird und erste Verwirbelungen entstehen. Dieses ist in der Figur schematisch durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet. Dort an der Prallplatte 11 findet bereits ein erster mittelbarer Kontakt mit dem in dem Innenrohr 3 strömenden Kühlmedium statt, so dass bereits ein Anfangskühleffekt bewirkt wird. Nachdem das eintretende heiße Medium, vorzugsweise das Gas von der Prallplatte 11 abgelenkt ist, tritt es in den zwischen dem Mantelrohr 8 und dem Innenrohr 3 gebildeten Ringraum ein. In diesem Ringraum liegt die Spiralleitung, die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in radialer Richtung in etwa mittig zwischen der Wand des Innenrohres 3 und der Wand des Außenrohres 8 angeordnet ist. Durch den durch die Spiralleitung 7 gebildeten Strömungswiderstand einerseits wie auch durch die zwischen der durch frisch einströmendes Kühlmittel vergleichsweise kalten Wand des Innenrohres 3 und den wärmeren Wänden der bereits von erwärmtem Kühlmittel durchströmten Spiralleitung 7 auftretenden Konvektion wird das in das Mantelrohr 8 einströmende Medium, vorzugsweise Gas zu Wirbelbildung gezwungen. Dies ist in der Figur rechts oben bei den obersten beiden Windungen der Spiralleitung 7 durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet. Durch diese Verwirbelungen läuft das einströmende Medium, vorzugsweise Gas, innerhalb des Mantelrohres 8 einen deutlich verlängerten Weg und hat einen intensiven Kontakt mit den Oberflächen der von dem Kühlmedium durchflossenen Elemente Innenrohr 3 und Spiralleitung 7.In a preferred operation for cooling hot exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, the hot exhaust gases enter the jacket tube 8 via the inlet 1. There they meet the baffle plate 11, whereby the stream is divided and first turbulences arise. This is indicated schematically in the figure by corresponding arrows. There on the baffle plate 11 already takes place a first indirect contact with the flowing in the inner tube 3 cooling medium, so that already an initial cooling effect is effected. After the incoming hot medium, preferably the gas is deflected by the baffle plate 11, it enters the annular space formed between the casing tube 8 and the inner tube 3. In this annular space is the spiral conduit, which is arranged in this embodiment in the radial direction approximately centrally between the wall of the inner tube 3 and the wall of the outer tube 8. By the flow resistance formed by the spiral conduit 7 on the one hand as well as by between the fresh by flowing coolant comparatively cold wall of the inner tube 3 and the warmer walls of the already flowing through heated coolant spiral conduit 7 convection is flowing into the jacket tube 8 medium, preferably gas forced to vortex formation. This is indicated in the figure above right at the top two turns of the spiral conduit 7 by corresponding arrows. As a result of this turbulence, the inflowing medium, preferably gas, runs a markedly extended path within the jacket tube 8 and has intensive contact with the surfaces of the inner tube 3 and spiral conduit 7 which are traversed by the cooling medium.

Nach Durchlauf der gesamten Länge des Mantelrohres 8 bzw. der Spiralleitung 7 und dabei erfahrener heftiger Verwirbelung tritt das gekühlte Medium, vorzugsweise Gas, durch den Auslass 2 aus.After passing through the entire length of the jacket tube 8 or the spiral conduit 7 and thereby experiencing violent turbulence, the cooled medium, preferably gas, exits through the outlet 2.

Der Strom des Kühlmittels von dem Kühlmittelzulauf 9 durch das Innenrohr 3 und die Spiralleitung 7 bis hin zum Kühlmittelablauf 10 ist ebenfalls durch Pfeile angedeutet.The flow of the coolant from the coolant inlet 9 through the inner tube 3 and the spiral conduit 7 up to the coolant outlet 10 is also indicated by arrows.

Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Wärmetauscher gemäß der Erfindung hat das Innenrohr 3 einen Durchmesser d von 60 mm, der Durchmesser der Spiralleitung ds, gemessen von Außenwand zu Außenwand, beträgt 110 mm, der Durchmesser D des Mantelrohres 150 mm, die Länge L des Mantelrohres 200 bis 300 mm, der Durchmesser des Einlasses 1 und des Auslasses 2 (in den Figuren nicht bezeichnet) ca. 50 bis 60 mm. Verwendet wird eine Kupferleitung als Spiralleitung 7 mit kreisförmigen Querschnitt und einem Durchmesser von 15 mm.In the illustrated embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention, the inner tube 3 has a diameter d of 60 mm, the diameter of the spiral line d s , measured from outer wall to outer wall, is 110 mm, the diameter D of the jacket tube 150 mm, the length L of the jacket tube 200 to 300 mm, the diameter of the inlet 1 and the outlet 2 (not indicated in the figures) about 50 to 60 mm. A copper conduit is used as a spiral conduit 7 with a circular cross-section and a diameter of 15 mm.

Dieser Wärmetauscher wird zum Abkühlen von mit etwa 1000° C und mehr aus einem Verbrennungsmotor austretenden Abgasen bis auf Temperaturen von ca. 50° C eingesetzt. Hierzu wird n-Butan bei Raumtemperatur (ca. 25° C) in den Kühlmitteleinlass gegeben, das n-Butan hat den Kühlmittelauslass dann mit einer Temperatur von etwa 120° C verlassen. Zur Förderung des Kühlmittels n-Butan wurde eine 30 bar Pumpe verwendet. Alternativ kann als Kühlmittel anstelle des n-Butan auch Wasser oder eine andere Flüssigkeit bzw. ein Flüssigkeitsgemisch verwendet werden.This heat exchanger is used for cooling exhaust gases leaving about 1000 ° C. and more from an internal combustion engine up to temperatures of about 50 ° C. For this purpose, n-butane is added at room temperature (about 25 ° C) in the coolant inlet, the n-butane has then left the coolant outlet at a temperature of about 120 ° C. To promote the coolant n-butane, a 30 bar pump was used. Alternatively, instead of the n-butane, water or another liquid or a liquid mixture can also be used as the coolant.

Aufgrund seiner Abmessungen konnte der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher in das Abgassystem eines Kraftfahrzeuges integriert werden, bspw. als Ersatz für einen Katalysator oder einen Schalldämpfer.Due to its dimensions, the heat exchanger according to the invention could be integrated into the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, for example as a replacement for a catalytic converter or a silencer.

Als positiver Effekt des drastischen Abkühlens der Abgase ergab sich, dass in dem Abgas enthaltene Schadstoffe, die ansonsten mittels aufwändiger Katalysatortechnik dem Abgasstrom entzogen werden müssen, in dem Wärmetauscher ausfielen. Dies ist zu erklären, da sich durch das schnelle Abkühlen der Abgase von den Temperaturen, bei denen sie aus dem Verbrennungsmotor austreten, bis auf den Taupunkt von Wasser sich Wasser bildet. Dieses Wasser wäscht die weiteren, in dem Abgasstrom enthaltenen schädlichen Bestandteile nahezu vollständig aus. Durch das beim Abkühlen der Abgase bis auf den Taupunkt des Wassers entstehende Wasser wird ein zusätzlicher Kühleffekt erzeugt, da auch das Wasser einen Anteil von Wärme abführen kann.As a positive effect of the drastic cooling of the exhaust gases, it was found that pollutants contained in the exhaust gas, which otherwise have to be removed from the exhaust gas flow by means of complex catalytic converter technology, precipitated in the heat exchanger. This can be explained because the rapid cooling of the exhaust gases from the temperatures at which they exit the internal combustion engine to the dew point of water produces water. This water almost completely washes away the other harmful components contained in the exhaust stream. By the cooling of the exhaust gases to the dew point of the water resulting water, an additional cooling effect is generated, since the water can dissipate a proportion of heat.

Ferner wird, da sich alle Gase beim Erwärmen um 1° C um 1/126 ausdehnen und bei Verringerung der Temperatur zusammenziehen, das Gas bei einer Temperaturdifferenz von mehreren 100° C ein geringeres Volumen einnehmen. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers zum Abkühlen der bei einem Verbrennungsmotor eines Kraftfahrzeuges entstehenden Abgase die Schallemissionen fast vollständig abgebaut werden und die üblichen Schalldämpfer bis auf einen Endschalldämpfer entfallen können.Further, since all the gases expand by 1/126 when heated by 1 ° C and contract when the temperature is lowered, the gas becomes smaller in volume at a temperature difference of several 100 ° C. This has the consequence that the use of the heat exchanger according to the invention for cooling the resulting in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle exhaust gases, the noise emissions are almost completely reduced and the usual muffler can be omitted except for a rear muffler.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher ist nicht auf die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebene Verwendung beschränkt, sondern kann zum Abkühlen bzw. Erwärmen diverser Medien eingesetzt werden. So ist es bspw. denkbar, einen entsprechend bei ähnlichen Proportionen größer dimensionierten Wärmetauscher zum Abkühlen von Abgasen aus Kraftwerken oder Industrieanlagen einzusetzen, wobei auch hier ein durch das schlagartige Abkühlen bewirkter Reinigungseffekt der Gase erzielt werden kann.The heat exchanger according to the invention is not limited to the use described in this embodiment, but can be used for cooling or heating of various media. Thus, for example, it is conceivable to use a correspondingly larger proportions with similar proportions heat exchanger for cooling exhaust gases from power plants or industrial plants, whereby also here caused by the sudden cooling cleaning effect of the gases can be achieved.

Aber auch ohne einen Reinigungseffekt kann der Wärmetauscher lediglich zum Wärmeübertrag Verwendung finden.But even without a cleaning effect, the heat exchanger can be used only for heat transfer.

Insoweit wird hinsichtlich der Tragweite und des Umfanges der Erfindung auf die nachfolgenden Ansprüche verwiesen, die allein die Erfindung in ihrem Umfang beschränken.In that regard, reference is made to the following claims with regard to the scope and scope of the invention, which alone limit the scope of the invention.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Einlassinlet
22
Auslassoutlet
33
Innenrohrinner tube
44
unteres Rohrendelower pipe end
55
KühlmitteleinlassCoolant inlet
66
Auslassrohroutlet pipe
77
Spiralleitungspiral cable
88th
Mantelrohrcasing pipe
99
KühlmittelzulaufCoolant inlet
1010
KühlmittelablaufCoolant flow
1111
Prallplatteflapper
1212
Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
DD
Durchmesserdiameter
dd
Durchmesserdiameter
ds d s
Durchmesserdiameter
LL
Längelength

Claims (8)

Wärmetauscher zum Wärmeübertrag zwischen zwei Medien mit einem einen Einlass (1) und einen Auslass (2) für ein zu kühlendes Medium aufweisenden Mantelrohr (8), einem innerhalb des Mantelrohres (8) angeordneten Innenrohr (3), welches auf der dem Einlass (1) zugewandten Seite verschlossen ist, auf der dem Auslass (2) zugewandten Seite mit einem Kühlmitteleinlass (5) verbunden ist und einen Kühlmittelauslass aufweist, welcher zu der dem Auslass (2) zugewandten Seite des Innenrohres (3) führt und in eine sich von dort in Richtung des Einlasses (1) um das Innenrohr (3) windende Spiralleitung (7) übergeht, welche schließlich in einem Kühlmittelablauf (10) mündet.Heat exchanger for heat transfer between two media having an inlet (1) and an outlet (2) for a medium to be cooled jacket tube (8), within the jacket tube (8) arranged inside tube (3) which on the inlet (1 On the side facing the outlet (2) is connected to a coolant inlet (5) and has a coolant outlet, which leads to the outlet (2) facing side of the inner tube (3) and into a from there in the direction of the inlet (1) to the inner tube (3) spiraling spiral line (7) merges, which finally in a coolant outlet (10) opens. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlmittelauslass (7) des Innenrohres (3) an ein im Innern des Innenrohres (3) bis an die dem Einlass (1) zugewandte Seite des Innenrohres herangeführtes Auslassrohr (6) angeschlossen ist.Heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coolant outlet (7) of the inner tube (3) is connected to an outlet tube (6) brought into the interior of the inner tube (3) as far as the side of the inner tube facing the inlet (1). Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verschlossene Seite des Innenrohres eine Prallplatte (11) für über den Einlass (1) in das Mantelrohr (8) einströmendes, zu kühlendes Medium bildet.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the closed side of the inner tube forms a baffle plate (11) for over the inlet (1) in the jacket tube (8) inflowing, to be cooled medium. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spiralleitung (7) wenigstens entlang der gesamten Länge des Innenrohres (3) dieses umgebend geführt ist.Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spiral duct (7) is guided at least along the entire length of the inner tube (3) surrounding it. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spiralleitung (7) mit radialem Abstand zu der Wand des Innenrohres (3) und zu der Wand des Mantelrohres (8) angeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spiral duct (7) is arranged at a radial distance from the wall of the inner tube (3) and to the wall of the jacket tube (8). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der radiale Abstand der Spiralleitung (7) zu der Wand des Innenrohres (3) in etwa gleich dem radialen Abstand der Spiralleitung (7) zu der Wand des Mantelrohres (8) ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that the radial distance of the spiral conduit (7) to the Wall of the inner tube (3) is approximately equal to the radial distance of the spiral conduit (7) to the wall of the jacket tube (8). Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest die Spiralleitung (7) aus einem Material mit guten Wärmeleiteigenschaften, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer, besteht.Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the spiral duct (7) consists of a material with good heat conducting properties, preferably of copper. Verwendung eines Wärmetauschers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 zum Kühlen von Verbrennungsabgasen aus Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere von Verbrennungsabgasen aus Kraftfahrzeugmotoren.Use of a heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7 for cooling combustion exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in particular combustion exhaust gases from motor vehicle engines.
EP04030073A 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 Heat exchanger Active EP1672304B1 (en)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502004004210T DE502004004210D1 (en) 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 heat exchangers
ES04030073T ES2289419T3 (en) 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 HEAT EXCHANGER.
AT04030073T ATE365900T1 (en) 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 HEAT EXCHANGER
PL04030073T PL1672304T3 (en) 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 Heat exchanger
EP04030073A EP1672304B1 (en) 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 Heat exchanger
PT04030073T PT1672304E (en) 2004-12-18 2004-12-18 Heat exchanger
MX2007007366A MX2007007366A (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger.
US11/792,513 US20070295493A1 (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat Exchanger
CNA2005800434832A CN101080605A (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger
BRPI0519525-0A BRPI0519525A2 (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 heat exchanger
JP2007545957A JP2008524543A (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger
CA002590569A CA2590569A1 (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger
AU2005315782A AU2005315782A1 (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger
KR1020077016434A KR20070094792A (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger
PCT/EP2005/013548 WO2006063840A1 (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 Heat exchanger
RU2007127415/06A RU2007127415A (en) 2004-12-18 2005-12-16 HEAT EXCHANGER
TNP2007000230A TNSN07230A1 (en) 2004-12-18 2007-06-15 Heat exchanger
IL183988A IL183988A0 (en) 2004-12-18 2007-06-17 Heat exchanger
MA30005A MA29102B1 (en) 2004-12-18 2007-06-18 HEAT EXCHANGER
ZA200705222A ZA200705222B (en) 2004-12-18 2007-07-02 Heat exchanger

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KR (1) KR20070094792A (en)
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AT (1) ATE365900T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2005315782A1 (en)
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PT1672304E (en) 2007-09-27
MX2007007366A (en) 2007-08-20
IL183988A0 (en) 2007-10-31
ES2289419T3 (en) 2008-02-01
KR20070094792A (en) 2007-09-21
US20070295493A1 (en) 2007-12-27
WO2006063840A1 (en) 2006-06-22
MA29102B1 (en) 2007-12-03
CN101080605A (en) 2007-11-28
TNSN07230A1 (en) 2008-11-21
EP1672304B1 (en) 2007-06-27
JP2008524543A (en) 2008-07-10
WO2006063840A8 (en) 2007-10-18
DE502004004210D1 (en) 2007-08-09
ATE365900T1 (en) 2007-07-15
ZA200705222B (en) 2008-05-28
BRPI0519525A2 (en) 2009-02-10
CA2590569A1 (en) 2006-06-22
AU2005315782A1 (en) 2006-06-22
RU2007127415A (en) 2009-01-27
PL1672304T3 (en) 2007-11-30

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