EP1663859A1 - Production de particules de perovskite - Google Patents

Production de particules de perovskite

Info

Publication number
EP1663859A1
EP1663859A1 EP04764297A EP04764297A EP1663859A1 EP 1663859 A1 EP1663859 A1 EP 1663859A1 EP 04764297 A EP04764297 A EP 04764297A EP 04764297 A EP04764297 A EP 04764297A EP 1663859 A1 EP1663859 A1 EP 1663859A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
metals
mixture
valence
alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04764297A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Niederberger
Markus Antonietti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Original Assignee
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV filed Critical Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Publication of EP1663859A1 publication Critical patent/EP1663859A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/32—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation or hydrolysis of elements or compounds in the liquid or solid state or in non-aqueous solution, e.g. sol-gel process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
    • C01G1/02—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/003—Titanates
    • C01G23/006—Alkaline earth titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G33/00—Compounds of niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/01—Crystal-structural characteristics depicted by a TEM-image
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
    • C01P2002/34—Three-dimensional structures perovskite-type (ABO3)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing perovskite particles with high crystallinity and high purity, and to perovskite particles obtainable by the method.
  • perovskites a special group of mixed metal oxides, has exceptional chemical and physical properties, such as catalytic, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric and dielectric behavior. Because of these properties, perovskites are used in a variety of ways, for example in piezoelectric layers and
  • perovskite Since the properties of perovskite depend essentially on crystal chemistry, the production of pure, stoichometric, homogeneous and crystalline perovskite materials with regulated crystallite sizes is of great scientific and technological interest. Pure nanoscale powders are particularly desirable for the production of thin layers or ceramics. It has been shown that the quality of a ceramic layer improves with decreasing particle size of the starting materials used for its production, while the required sintering temperatures decrease and the processing conditions thus become more favorable. Perovskites with small crystallite sizes are also of great interest for the formation of fine-grained ceramics by sintering processes.
  • barium titanate A very well studied perovskite material is barium titanate.
  • barium titanate has a high dielectric constant and ferroelectric properties which are of great importance for use in electronic and optical devices.
  • BaTi ⁇ 3 exists in various crystallographic modifications, with the tetragonal and cubic polymorphisms being best studied.
  • the BaTiO 3 powder When manufacturing multilayer capacitors, it is a crucial requirement that the BaTiO 3 powder can be easily processed into thin foils. Therefore, it is desirable to provide BaTiO 3 with small crystallite sizes, high purity, and a homogeneous composition.
  • Another method known in the art is the hydrothermal treatment of titanium compounds, such as titanium alkoxide, titanium oxide or titanium oxide gels, in the presence of barium salts in a strongly alkaline solution (Clark et al., J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 83- 91; Dutta and Gregg, Chem. Mater. 1992, 843-846 and Walton et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12547-12555).
  • the particle sizes of the perovskites made by these methods are undesirably large.
  • perovskite particles with a size ranging from a few hundred to about 50 nm are formed.
  • the properties of perovskites, for example ferroelectricity, depend largely on the particle size. Particles with a size in the so-called critical size range of about 10-20 nm are of particular interest because such particles no longer have ferroelectric behavior.
  • no synthetic methods are described in the prior art by means of which perovskite particles of this desired size can be produced in high purity and with a satisfactory yield.
  • perovskite particles with high crystallinity and high purity can be provided by means of a simple synthesis.
  • the desired perovskite material can advantageously also be produced in high yields and high purity without the use of additional ligands or organic additives.
  • Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that neither water, nor acids, bases or counterions are used and the product is thus obtained purely as a colloidal sol. A further washing step is therefore not necessary.
  • the solvents used in the process are easy to remove, for example by decomposition or calcination when a ceramic body is formed.
  • perovskite particles of the formula ABO 3 can be produced.
  • the term “perovskite” in the context of the present invention encompasses materials with a perovskite structure or a related structure.
  • A represents a metal of lesser value or the mixture of metals of lesser value.
  • the metal or metals A are preferred Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and / or transition elements, preferably monovalent or divalent metals
  • the metal or the mixture of metals A is selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, calcium, strontium and barium. Most preferred is the use of strontium and barium.
  • B represents a metal of high valence or the mixture of metals of higher valence, in particular selected from the group consisting of the transition elements and metals of groups IM and IV.
  • the metal or metals B is made of selected from the group of tetravalent or pentavalent metals.
  • Preferred metals B are niobium, zirconium, tin and titanium. Titanium is particularly preferred as the metal B.
  • Specific examples of compounds produced by the process according to the invention are BaTiO 3 , SrTiO, LiNbO 3 and BaZrO 3 .
  • the first metal is dissolved in an anhydrous solvent in a first step (a).
  • Any organic solvent can be used, which is available anhydrous and is suitable for dissolving the metal.
  • Preferred solvents are halogen-free solvents, for example alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and mixtures of these solvents. Alcohols and mixtures of alcohols with ketones and / or aldehydes are particularly preferred.
  • anhydrous describes a water content of at most about 5% by weight, preferably at most about 1% by weight, more preferably at most about 0.1% by weight and most preferably 0% by weight
  • An alcohol with a sterically stabilizing property is preferably used.
  • suitable sterically stabilizing alcohols are alcohols with 4 or more carbon atoms, for example (+) - butanol and similar systems.
  • Benzyl alcohol is particularly preferably used as the alcohol in the process according to the invention
  • halogen-free alcohols are also used, examples of preferred ketones and aldehydes being acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzophenone and benzaldehyde.
  • step (a) of the process according to the invention can be carried out at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature, for example about 50-100 ° C. If strongly electropostive elements such as alkali metals or alkaline earth metals are used as the first metal A, they react directly with alcohols with the liberation of hydrogen and the formation of the desired alkoxides. When using alkaline earth metals as the first metal A can Insoluble bivalent alkoxides occur, so that the solution formed can be cloudy.
  • a cleaning step such as a centrifugation, can be carried out to remove undissolved substances.
  • step (b) of the process according to the invention the solution obtained in step (a) is reacted with an alkoxide of a second metal or the mixture of metals B with the formula B (OR) x or / and B (OR) x-2 , where x represents the valency of metal B.
  • R represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1-30 carbon atoms, in particular having 1-8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably having 1-5 carbon atoms.
  • R is preferably an isopropyl radical.
  • R is also a halogen-free compound.
  • the alkoxide with the formula B (OR) x is titanium isopropoxide.
  • Step (b) of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at an elevated temperature, e.g. at a temperature of about 100-300 ° C, preferably of about 180-230 ° C, particularly preferably of about 190-220 ° C.
  • the reaction time can easily be determined by the person skilled in the art depending on the metals A and B used, in particular the reaction time is more than about 12 hours, more preferably more than about 24 hours and most preferably about 48 hours.
  • step (b) of the process according to the invention can optionally be carried out under elevated pressure, preferably a pressure of at most 10 bar, for example in an autoclave , respectively.
  • particularly preferred reaction conditions are a reaction time of about 48 hours and a reaction temperature of about 200 ° C.
  • step (b) is carried out in an excess of the solvent (mixture), for example the alcohol.
  • the excess of the solvent (mixture), for example the alcohol is preferably 10-100 times.
  • the molar ratio of metal A to metal B used in the process according to the invention corresponds in particular approximately to the ratio of metal A to metal B in the desired perovskite product.
  • a preferred molar ratio A: B is, for example, about 1: 1.
  • the process according to the invention thus represents a simple process for the production of perovskite particles.
  • the starting substances are advantageously commercially available, so that a complex synthesis of precursor substances is not necessary.
  • the perovskite particles produced by the process according to the invention have a high crystallinity.
  • the method according to the invention it is thus possible to produce perovskite particles with a diameter ⁇ 50 nm, for example with an average particle size of approximately 2 to approximately 20 nm, preferably approximately 5 to approximately 15 nm and particularly preferably approximately 5 to approximately 10 nm.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention makes it possible to provide particularly fine-particle crystalline perovskites, which are desired, for example, for processing in ceramics or for use for further technological and scientific purposes.
  • perovskite particles which have a high purity. Contamination with inorganic substances, such as halides and alkali ions, which are difficult to remove, is avoided by the method according to the invention. Thus, a subsequent washing step of the perovskite particles is not necessarily required, but can be carried out if desired become.
  • a suitable washing liquid is, for example, ethanol.
  • metallic lattice sites for example through Na + or oxidic lattices, for example through carbonate.
  • the method according to the invention also enables simple production of complicated mixed perovskites from several metals A or / and B, which are particularly interesting for technological applications.
  • a high yield of the perovskite particles produced can also be achieved.
  • yields of> about 50%, preferably> about 70%, more preferably> about 80% and most preferably> about 90% can be achieved.
  • the present invention further relates to perovskite particles of the formula ABO 3) in which A is a metal of low valence and B is a metal of higher valence, which can be obtained by the process according to the invention.
  • the perovskite particles according to the invention preferably have a particle size of 2-40 nm, more preferably 5-25 nm and most preferably 5-10 nm.
  • the perovskite particles according to the invention advantageously have a high degree of homogeneity with regard to particle size, shape and crystallinity.
  • a high degree of homogeneity in the context of the present invention means that the Gaussian standard distribution is less than 30%, preferably less than 25%, more preferably less than 20%.
  • the use of the particles according to the invention thus offers great advantages in many applications, for example in the production of thin layers or ceramics, in comparison with conventional particles.
  • the perovskite particles according to the invention can be any mixed oxides of the formula ABO 3 ; the perovskite particles are preferably barium titanate, strontium titanate, lithium niobate or barium zirconate particles.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 The subject matter of the present invention is further illustrated by FIGS. 1 to 6 and the examples.
  • FIG. 1 shows the result of an X-ray powder diffractometry of barium titanate (a) and strontium titanate (b), which was produced in accordance with the present invention. All diffraction peaks can be assigned to either the barium titanate (a) or strontium titanate (b) phase. There is no evidence of other crystalline by-products such as barium carbonate. Due to the size of the crystals in the nano range, all peaks are relatively broad.
  • FIG. 2 shows transmission electron microscopic images of barium titanate.
  • Figure 2 (a) shows an overview image at a lower magnification. It can be seen that the particles are almost spherical with diameters in the range of 5-10 nm. It can be seen that the particles are highly crystalline.
  • Figure 2 (b) shows a particle with a diameter of 10 nm.
  • Figures 3 (a) - (c) show transmission electron microscopic images of a SrTiO 3 sample. It can be seen that the particles have diameters in the range of about 5-8 nm.
  • Figure 4 (a) shows the electron microscopic image of a BaZrO 3 sample.
  • Figure 4 (b) shows an electron diffraction pattern of this sample.
  • FIG. 5 shows the XRD diagram of a BaTiO 3 sample produced in acetone.
  • FIG. 6 shows a transmission electron microscopic image of a BaTiO 3 sample produced in acetone.
  • Electron micrographs show that the particles are 2-3 nm in size, which form worm-like agglomerates (Fig. 4 (a)). Electron diffraction confirmed that it was BaZrO 3 ( Figure 4 (b)).
  • acetone process is the low reaction temperature compared to the benzyl alcohol process and the possibility of obtaining slightly larger particles.
  • acetophenone or benzaldehyde for example, are also suitable as solvents.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire des particules de pérovskite hautement cristallines et de grande pureté, ainsi que des particules de pérovskite obtenues selon ce procédé.
EP04764297A 2003-08-21 2004-08-19 Production de particules de perovskite Withdrawn EP1663859A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10338465A DE10338465A1 (de) 2003-08-21 2003-08-21 Herstellung von Perovskit-Teilchen
PCT/EP2004/009313 WO2005021426A1 (fr) 2003-08-21 2004-08-19 Production de particules de perovskite

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1663859A1 true EP1663859A1 (fr) 2006-06-07

Family

ID=34201799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04764297A Withdrawn EP1663859A1 (fr) 2003-08-21 2004-08-19 Production de particules de perovskite

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060275201A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1663859A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10338465A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005021426A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004016131A1 (de) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-20 Max Planck Gesellschaft Herstellung von Metalloxid-Nanoteilchen hoher Kristallinität und hoher Reinheit
DE102009037691A1 (de) 2009-08-17 2011-03-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dielektrische Schutzschicht für eine selbstorganisierende Monolage (SAM)
EP2488452A1 (fr) 2009-10-13 2012-08-22 Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Nanoparticules d'oxydes métalliques redispersables et leur procédé de fabrication
EP3512810A4 (fr) * 2016-09-15 2020-06-10 Royal Melbourne Institute Of Technology Procédé de purification de particules d'oxyde métallique et leurs utilisations

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647364A (en) * 1970-01-06 1972-03-07 Us Air Force Process for producing high-purity submicron barium and strontium titanate powders
FR2617151B1 (fr) * 1987-06-29 1990-10-12 Solvay Procede pour la fabrication d'une poudre d'oxydes metalliques mixtes, et poudres d'oxydes metalliques mixtes
US6413489B1 (en) * 1997-04-15 2002-07-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Synthesis of nanometer-sized particles by reverse micelle mediated techniques
US5908802A (en) * 1997-10-30 1999-06-01 Sandia Corporation Nonaqueous solution synthesis process for preparing oxide powders of lead zirconate titanate and related materials
US6203608B1 (en) * 1998-04-15 2001-03-20 Ramtron International Corporation Ferroelectric thin films and solutions: compositions
DE19851388A1 (de) * 1998-11-07 2000-05-11 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Verfahren zur Herstellung von Perowskiten
JP2002193680A (ja) * 2000-12-26 2002-07-10 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology 焼結方法及びその装置
EP1362830B1 (fr) * 2002-05-14 2006-11-29 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de préparation de titanate de strontium ou de barium avec un diamètre moyen inférieur à 10 nanomètres

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2005021426A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060275201A1 (en) 2006-12-07
WO2005021426B1 (fr) 2005-04-07
DE10338465A1 (de) 2005-03-17
WO2005021426A1 (fr) 2005-03-10

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