EP1658425A1 - Fuel injection unit and method for injection of fuel - Google Patents

Fuel injection unit and method for injection of fuel

Info

Publication number
EP1658425A1
EP1658425A1 EP04766519A EP04766519A EP1658425A1 EP 1658425 A1 EP1658425 A1 EP 1658425A1 EP 04766519 A EP04766519 A EP 04766519A EP 04766519 A EP04766519 A EP 04766519A EP 1658425 A1 EP1658425 A1 EP 1658425A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel injection
distributor line
lance
injection valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04766519A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1658425B1 (en
Inventor
Guenter Hoenig
Markus Gesk
Andreas Glenz
Ralf Bruenemann
Eberhard Holder
Martin Matt
Hans-Karl Weining
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1658425A1 publication Critical patent/EP1658425A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1658425B1 publication Critical patent/EP1658425B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
    • F02M63/0285—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
    • F02M63/029—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail per cylinder bank, e.g. storing different fuels or fuels at different pressure levels per cylinder bank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0682—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/007—Cleaning
    • F02M65/008—Cleaning of injectors only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
    • F02M69/465—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down of fuel rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/50—Arrangements of springs for valves used in fuel injectors or fuel injection pumps
    • F02M2200/505—Adjusting spring tension by sliding spring seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/60—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for facilitating the starting of engines, e.g. with valves or fuel passages for keeping residual pressure in common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly
    • F02M2200/8084—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly involving welding or soldering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising

Definitions

  • Fuel injection system and method for injecting fuel are Fuel injection system and method for injecting fuel
  • the invention relates to a fuel injection system for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for injecting fuel according to claim 11.
  • a fuel injection system is known for example from DE 101 23 867 AI.
  • the fuel injector includes an auxiliary inlet which is connected via a line to an interior of the fuel injector.
  • a cleaning agent or a mixture of fuel and cleaning agent can be supplied to the spray openings of the fuel injector via the auxiliary inlet.
  • the cleaning agent can be used to rinse the fuel injector and the spray orifices to reduce deposits.
  • a disadvantage of the arrangement described in the above-mentioned document is in particular that each of the fuel injection valves of an internal combustion engine must be provided with a corresponding inlet, which is also decentralized from the fuel inlet of the Fuel injection valves is arranged. The manufacturing effort is therefore very high.
  • a second supply line, which connects the auxiliary inlets with each other, must be laid, which costs additional components and assembly time.
  • the fuel injection system according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 11 have the advantage that two fuel distribution lines, which are connected to the fuel injection valves via a conventional connection and a lance arranged therein, different Fuels for different operating states of the internal combustion engine can be supplied in a simple manner.
  • the second fuel distribution line runs parallel to the first and is soldered to it, for example.
  • Another advantage is that standard fuel injection valves can be used with the double fuel rail without expensive modifications.
  • a check valve is advantageously provided in the lance, which can be freely selected for any pressure and prevents the starting fuel or the cleaning liquid from flowing back.
  • the lance passes through the first fuel distributor line, as a result of which additional evaporation of the fuel flowing through the lance can be avoided.
  • the starting fuel can advantageously be composed such that the cold start properties of the internal combustion engine are improved, the emission of harmful substances is reduced and the fuel injector can be kept free of deposits.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic section through an embodiment of a fuel injection system according to the invention in an overall view
  • FIG. 2A-C are side views through a partially sectioned fuel injection valve of the fuel injection system shown in FIG. 1 in three successive injection molding steps.
  • a fuel injection valve 2 in the form of a low-pressure fuel injection valve is used to inject fuel into the intake pipe of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engine suitable. Only those components which are directly related to the measures according to the invention are explained below.
  • the fuel injection valve 2 is preferably installed in a row arrangement on a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine (not shown further) and is connected to further fuel injection valves 2 (not shown) by means of a first fuel distributor line 3.
  • the measures according to the invention relate to a second fuel distributor line 4, which can in particular be arranged parallel to the first fuel distributor line 3.
  • the second fuel distribution line 4 is used to supply a starting fuel, which is designed in terms of its evaporation and combustion properties so that the cold start properties are improved, the hydrocarbon emissions in the cold running phase of the internal combustion engine and the nitrogen oxide emission can be reduced.
  • the starting fuel can alternatively be replaced by a cleaning or flushing liquid for cleaning the fuel injector 2 between the injection cycles. Deposits in the area of the fuel channels and the spray openings of the fuel injector 2 are thereby washed away and can no longer lead to malfunctions of the fuel injector 2.
  • the second fuel distributor line 4 has a preferably tubular lance 5, which extends through the first fuel distributor line 3.
  • the lance 5 opens into a feed pipe ⁇ of the fuel injector 2 in this.
  • a check valve 7 is arranged in the lance 5 and can be designed, for example, as a ball valve 7 with a spring 8.
  • the check valve 7 ensures that the injection with starting fuel is ended as soon as normal fuel is supplied via a feed line 9 from the first fuel distribution line 3. It is interchangeable and can be selected for any pressure, for example between 0.2 and 1 bar.
  • the lance 5 and the second fuel distributor line 4 are preferably soldered to the first fuel distributor line 3.
  • the diameter of the lance 5 is, for example, 4 mm in order to offer a sufficient metering cross section.
  • the lance 5 can also be designed to be heated in order to heat the fuel. This also improves the cold start properties through better evaporation and a reduction in hydrocarbons.
  • the heating elements can be designed in various forms such as spirals or in the form of heating pills.
  • a tube can also be provided in connection with an outer wall of the fuel injection valve 2, through which the starting fuel can be directed to the tip of the fuel injection valve 2.
  • Another advantageous embodiment combines the use of the lance 5 with the switchover between starting and normal fuel through the use of two valves, as a result of which the fuel circuits can be completely decoupled from one another. Backwashing can take place via external channels.
  • the fuel types are not subject to any restrictions with regard to the feed cross-sections and the maximum possible flow rate.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C show a flushing and injection cycle for a fuel injection system 1 designed according to the invention in three steps.
  • the fuel injection system 1 is shown in each case in a side view, partially sectioned in the area of the fuel injection valve 2.
  • the same components are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.
  • 2A shows the flushing process as the first step of the injection cycle.
  • starting fuel is passed from the second fuel distributor line 4 through an interior 10 of the fuel injection valve 2. Since there is no electrical actuation of the fuel injection valve 2 at this point in time, the starting fuel is not injected, but flows through lateral channels 11, as indicated by the arrows 12, back to an injection direction back to the feed pipe 6 of the fuel injection valve 2.
  • the check valve 7 prevents the backflow of the starting fuel into the second fuel distribution line 4.
  • the aim of the flushing process is to remove the combustion residues in the area from the previous injection cycle the valve tip 13 to loosen and rinse so that the fuel injector 2 can inject constant amounts of fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 2B shows the next step, the injection of starting fuel in the direction of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the starting fuel is supplied in the same way as in the purging process shown in FIG. 2A, but is sprayed off towards the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine by the simultaneous electrical actuation of the fuel injection valve 2. This is indicated by the arrows 14 in Fig. 2B.
  • the starting fuel is adjusted so that, as already explained above, the cold start behavior of the internal combustion engine is positively influenced and the exhaust gas emissions can be reduced.
  • 2C finally shows the third step of the injection cycle, in which normal fuel is led from the first fuel distributor line 3 via the inlet 9 and the lateral channels 10 to the valve tip 13 and is sprayed off towards the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the normal fuel flows through the fuel injection valve 2 along the path indicated by the arrows 15 and 14. Normal fuel is sprayed off as soon as the internal combustion engine has reached its operating temperature, which can be measured by a suitable sensor.
  • the normal fuel can be, for example, a fuel with a higher energy density, which does not require the addition of cleaning agents.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown and is also suitable, for example, for fuel injection systems 1 of mixture-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injection unit (1), for the injection of fuel into an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one fuel injection valve (2) and a first fuel distribution line (3), connected to each of the fuel injection valves (2). A second fuel distribution line (4) is provided, respectively connected to each of the fuel injection valves (2) by means of a lance (5).

Description

Brennstoffeinspritzanlage und Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff Fuel injection system and method for injecting fuel
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Brennstoffeinspritzanlage zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in eine Brennkraftmaschine nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1 und von einem Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff gemäß Anspruch 11.The invention relates to a fuel injection system for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for injecting fuel according to claim 11.
Eine Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist beispielsweise aus der DE 101 23 867 AI bekannt. Dabei umfaßt das Brennstoffeinspritzventil einen Hilfszulauf, welcher über eine Leitung mit einem Innenraum des Brennstoffeinspritzventils in Verbindung steht. Ein Reinigungsmittel oder ein Gemisch aus Brennstoff und Reinigungsmittel kann den Abspritzöffnungen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils über den Hilfszulauf zugeführt werden. Das Reinigungsmittel kann dabei zum Spülen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils und der Abspritzöffnungen zur Verminderung von Ablagerungen verwendet werden.A fuel injection system according to the preamble of claim 1 is known for example from DE 101 23 867 AI. The fuel injector includes an auxiliary inlet which is connected via a line to an interior of the fuel injector. A cleaning agent or a mixture of fuel and cleaning agent can be supplied to the spray openings of the fuel injector via the auxiliary inlet. The cleaning agent can be used to rinse the fuel injector and the spray orifices to reduce deposits.
Nachteilig an der in der obengenannten Druckschrift beschriebenen Anordnung ist insbesondere, daß jedes der Brennstoffeinspritzventile einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem entsprechenden Zulauf versehen werden muß, welcher zudem dezentral vom BrennstoffZulauf der Brennstoffeinspritzventile angeordnet ist. Der Herstellungsaufwand ist somit sehr hoch. Zudem muß eine zweite Zuleitung, welche die Hilfszuläufe miteinander verbindet, verlegt werden, was zusätzlichen Aufwand an Bauteilen und Montagezeit kostet.A disadvantage of the arrangement described in the above-mentioned document is in particular that each of the fuel injection valves of an internal combustion engine must be provided with a corresponding inlet, which is also decentralized from the fuel inlet of the Fuel injection valves is arranged. The manufacturing effort is therefore very high. In addition, a second supply line, which connects the auxiliary inlets with each other, must be laid, which costs additional components and assembly time.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzanlage mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11 haben demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß über zwei Brennstoffverteilerleitungen, welche über einen konventionellen Anschluß und über eine darin angeordnete Lanze mit den Brennstoffeinspritzventilen in Verbindung stehen, verschiedene Brennstoffe für verschiedene Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine auf einfache Weise zuleitbar sind.The fuel injection system according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 11 have the advantage that two fuel distribution lines, which are connected to the fuel injection valves via a conventional connection and a lance arranged therein, different Fuels for different operating states of the internal combustion engine can be supplied in a simple manner.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzanlage möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the fuel injection system specified in claim 1 are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims.
Von Vorteil ist dabei insbesondere, daß die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung parallel zu der ersten verläuft und mit dieser beispielsweise verlötet ist.It is particularly advantageous that the second fuel distribution line runs parallel to the first and is soldered to it, for example.
Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, daß serienmäßige Brennstoffeinspritzventile ohne kostspielige Modifikationen mit der doppelten Brennstoffverteilerleitung verwendbar sind.Another advantage is that standard fuel injection valves can be used with the double fuel rail without expensive modifications.
Vorteilhafterweise ist in der Lanze ein Rückschlagventil vorgesehen, welches für einen beliebigen Druck frei wählbar ist und ein Rückströmen des Startbrennstoffs oder der Reinigungsflüssigkeit verhindert .A check valve is advantageously provided in the lance, which can be freely selected for any pressure and prevents the starting fuel or the cleaning liquid from flowing back.
Zudem ist vorteilhaft, daß die Zuleitung des Startbrennstoffs auch über eine äußere Hülse außen am Brennstoffeinspritzventil oder durch eine von der Hauptzuleitung entkoppelte weitere Zuleitung erfolgen kann.It is also advantageous that the supply of the starting fuel also on the outside on an outer sleeve Fuel injection valve or by an additional supply line decoupled from the main supply line.
Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, daß die Lanze die ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung durchgreift, wodurch eine zusätzliche Evaporation des die Lanze durchströmenden Brennstoffs vermieden werden kann.It is also advantageous that the lance passes through the first fuel distributor line, as a result of which additional evaporation of the fuel flowing through the lance can be avoided.
Der Startbrennstoff kann vorteilhafterweise so zusammengesetzt sein, daß die Kaltstarteigenschaften der Brennkraftmaschine verbessert, die Schadsto femission verringert und das Brennstoffeinspritzventil frei von Ablagerungen gehalten werden kann .The starting fuel can advantageously be composed such that the cold start properties of the internal combustion engine are improved, the emission of harmful substances is reduced and the fuel injector can be kept free of deposits.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen schematischen Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzanlage in einer Gesamtdarstellung,1 is a schematic section through an embodiment of a fuel injection system according to the invention in an overall view,
Fig. 2A-C seitliche Ansichten durch ein teilgeschnittenes Brennstoffeinspritzventil der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Brennstoffeinspritzanlage in drei aufeinanderfolgenden Verfahrensschritten der Einspritzung.2A-C are side views through a partially sectioned fuel injection valve of the fuel injection system shown in FIG. 1 in three successive injection molding steps.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Fig. 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Ansicht ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzanlage 1. Ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil 2 in Form eines Niederdruck-Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in das Ansaugrohr einer gemischverdichtenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine geeignet. Es werden im Folgenden nur diejenigen Bauteile erläutert, die in direktem Zusammenhang mit den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen stehen.1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a fuel injection system 1 designed according to the invention. A fuel injection valve 2 in the form of a low-pressure fuel injection valve is used to inject fuel into the intake pipe of a mixture-compressing, spark-ignition internal combustion engine suitable. Only those components which are directly related to the measures according to the invention are explained below.
Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 2 ist vorzugsweise in einer Reihenanordnung an einem nicht weiter dargestellten Zylinderköpf der Brennkraftmaschine eingebaut und mittels einer ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 mit weiteren, nicht dargestellten Brennstoffeinspritzventilen 2 verbunden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen beziehen sich auf eine zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung 4, welche insbesondere parallel zu der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 angeordnet sein kann.The fuel injection valve 2 is preferably installed in a row arrangement on a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine (not shown further) and is connected to further fuel injection valves 2 (not shown) by means of a first fuel distributor line 3. The measures according to the invention relate to a second fuel distributor line 4, which can in particular be arranged parallel to the first fuel distributor line 3.
Die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung 4 dient dabei der Zufuhr eines Startbrennstoffes, welcher in seinen Eigenschaften bezüglich Verdampfung und Verbrennung so konzipiert ist, daß die Kaltstarteigenschaften verbessert, der Kohlenwasserstoffausstoß in der Kaltlaufphase der Brennkraftmaschine sowie die Stickoxydemission reduziert werden können. Der Startbrennstoff kann alternativ auch durch eine Reinigungs- oder Spülflüssigkeit zur Reinigung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 zwischen den Einspritzzyklen ersetzt werden. Ablagerungen im Bereich der Brennstoffkanäle und der Abspritzöffnungen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 werden dadurch weggespült und können nicht mehr zu Fehlfunktionen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 führen.The second fuel distribution line 4 is used to supply a starting fuel, which is designed in terms of its evaporation and combustion properties so that the cold start properties are improved, the hydrocarbon emissions in the cold running phase of the internal combustion engine and the nitrogen oxide emission can be reduced. The starting fuel can alternatively be replaced by a cleaning or flushing liquid for cleaning the fuel injector 2 between the injection cycles. Deposits in the area of the fuel channels and the spray openings of the fuel injector 2 are thereby washed away and can no longer lead to malfunctions of the fuel injector 2.
Die Konzeptionierung ist dabei so gewählt, daß vorhandene Brennstoffeinspritzventile 2 ohne teure Modifikationen zur Anwendung mit den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen verwendbar sind, wodurch die Kosten niedrig gehalten werden können.The concept is chosen so that existing fuel injection valves 2 can be used without expensive modifications for use with the measures according to the invention, as a result of which the costs can be kept low.
Die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung 4 weist zu diesem Zweck eine vorzugsweise rohrförmige Lanze 5 auf, welche sich durch die erste Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 erstreckt. Die Lanze 5 mündet in einem Zuleitungsstutzen β des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 in dieses ein. In der Lanze 5 ist ein Rückschlagventil 7 angeordnet, welches beispielsweise als Kugelventil 7 mit einer Feder 8 ausgebildet sein kann. Das Rückschlagventil 7 sorgt dafür, daß die Einspritzung mit Startbrennstoff beendet wird, sobald normaler Brennstoff über eine Zuleitung 9 aus der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 zugeführt wird. Es ist auswechselbar und kann für beliebige Drücke beispielsweise zwischen 0,2 und 1 bar ausgewählt werden. Eine genaue Beschreibung der einzelnen Bauteile und der Funktionsweise ist der Beschreibung zu den Fig. 2A bis 2C zu entnehmen.For this purpose, the second fuel distributor line 4 has a preferably tubular lance 5, which extends through the first fuel distributor line 3. The lance 5 opens into a feed pipe β of the fuel injector 2 in this. A check valve 7 is arranged in the lance 5 and can be designed, for example, as a ball valve 7 with a spring 8. The check valve 7 ensures that the injection with starting fuel is ended as soon as normal fuel is supplied via a feed line 9 from the first fuel distribution line 3. It is interchangeable and can be selected for any pressure, for example between 0.2 and 1 bar. A detailed description of the individual components and the mode of operation can be found in the description of FIGS. 2A to 2C.
Die Lanze 5 und die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung 4 sind vorzugsweise mit der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 verlötet. Der Durchmesser der Lanze 5 beträgt beispielsweise 4 mm, um einen ausreichenden Zumeßquerschnitt zu bieten.The lance 5 and the second fuel distributor line 4 are preferably soldered to the first fuel distributor line 3. The diameter of the lance 5 is, for example, 4 mm in order to offer a sufficient metering cross section.
Durch die Durchführung der Lanze 5 durch die erste Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 kann eine Zusatzevaporation des Startbrennstoffs vermieden werden .Additional vaporation of the starting fuel can be avoided by the passage of the lance 5 through the first fuel distributor line 3.
Weiterhin kann die Lanze 5 auch beheizbar ausgeführt sein, um den Brennstoff zu erwärmen. Damit kann ebenfalls eine Verbesserung der Kaltstarteigenschaften durch eine bessere Verdampfung und eine Reduktion der Kohlenwasserstoffe erzielt werden. Die Heizelemente können dabei in verschiedenen Formen wie Spiralen oder in Form von Heizpillen ausgeführt sein.Furthermore, the lance 5 can also be designed to be heated in order to heat the fuel. This also improves the cold start properties through better evaporation and a reduction in hydrocarbons. The heating elements can be designed in various forms such as spirals or in the form of heating pills.
Anstelle der Lanze 5 kann auch ein Rohr in Verbindung mit einer Außenwand des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 vorgesehen sein, durch welches der Startbrennstoff zur Spitze des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 geleitet werden kann. Vorteil dabei ist, daß sich die Umschaltstelle zwischen Startbrennstoff und Normalbrennstoff im Bereich der Ventilspitze befindet und dort nach dem Umschalten nur ein geringes Restvolumen der anderen Brennstoffsorte vorliegt, wodurch sich die Startemissionen verbessern. Auch hier sind serienmäßig gefertigte Brennstoffeinspritzventile 2 mit geringfügigen Modifikationen verwendbar.Instead of the lance 5, a tube can also be provided in connection with an outer wall of the fuel injection valve 2, through which the starting fuel can be directed to the tip of the fuel injection valve 2. The advantage here is that the switchover point between the starting fuel and normal fuel is located in the area of the valve tip and there is only a small residual volume of the other fuel type after the switchover, which improves the starting emissions. Are here too Series-produced fuel injection valves 2 can be used with minor modifications.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung verbindet die Verwendung der Lanze 5 mit der Umschaltung zwischen Start- und Normalbrennstoff durch die Verwendung von zwei Ventilen, wodurch die Brennstoffkreisläufe vollständig voneinander entkoppelt werden können. Die Rückspülung kann über äußere Kanäle erfolgen. Die Brennstoffsorten unterliegen hierbei keinerlei Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Zuführungsquerschnitte und der maximal möglichen Durchflußmenge .Another advantageous embodiment combines the use of the lance 5 with the switchover between starting and normal fuel through the use of two valves, as a result of which the fuel circuits can be completely decoupled from one another. Backwashing can take place via external channels. The fuel types are not subject to any restrictions with regard to the feed cross-sections and the maximum possible flow rate.
Fig. 2A bis 2C zeigen einen Spül- und Einspritzzyklus für eine erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Brennstoffeinspritzanlage 1 in drei Schritten. Die Brennstoffeinspritzanlage 1 ist dabei jeweils in einer seitlichen, im Bereich des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 teilgeschnittenen Ansicht dargestellt. Es wird nur auf die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Teile .'eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 Bezug genommen. Im übrigen kann das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 2 beliebig ausgeführt sein. Gleiche Bauteile sind dabei in allen Figuren mit übereinstimmenden Bezugszeichen versehen.2A to 2C show a flushing and injection cycle for a fuel injection system 1 designed according to the invention in three steps. The fuel injection system 1 is shown in each case in a side view, partially sectioned in the area of the fuel injection valve 2. Reference is only made to the parts of a fuel injector 2 that are essential to the invention. Otherwise, the fuel injector 2 can be of any design. The same components are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.
Fig. 2A zeigt als ersten Schritt des Einspritzzyklus den Spülvorgang. Hierbei wird aus der zweiten Brennstoffverteilerleitung 4 Startbrennstoff durch einen Innenraum 10 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 geleitet. Da zu diesem Zeitpunkt keine elektrische Betätigung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 erfolgt, wird der Startbrennstoff nicht eingespritzt, sondern fließt durch seitliche Kanäle 11, wie durch die Pfeile 12 angedeutet, entgegen einer Abspritzrichtung zurück zum Zuleitungsstutzen 6 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2. Das Rückschlagventil 7 verhindert dabei das Zurückströmen des Startbrennstoffs in die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung 4.2A shows the flushing process as the first step of the injection cycle. In this case, starting fuel is passed from the second fuel distributor line 4 through an interior 10 of the fuel injection valve 2. Since there is no electrical actuation of the fuel injection valve 2 at this point in time, the starting fuel is not injected, but flows through lateral channels 11, as indicated by the arrows 12, back to an injection direction back to the feed pipe 6 of the fuel injection valve 2. The check valve 7 prevents the backflow of the starting fuel into the second fuel distribution line 4.
Ziel des Spülvorgangs ist es, die vom vorhergehenden Einspritzzyklus stammenden Verbrennungsrückstände im Bereich der Ventilspitze 13 zu lösen und auszuspülen, damit das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 2 gleichbleibende Brennstoffmengen in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine einspritzen kann.The aim of the flushing process is to remove the combustion residues in the area from the previous injection cycle the valve tip 13 to loosen and rinse so that the fuel injector 2 can inject constant amounts of fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
In Fig. 2B ist der nächste Schritt, das Einspritzen von Startbrennstoff in Richtung eines Brennraums der Brennkraftmaschine, dargestellt. Der Startbrennstoff wird hierbei in gleicher Weise zugeleitet wie bei dem in Fig. 2A dargestellten Spülvorgang, wird jedoch durch die gleichzeitige elektrische Betätigung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 2 zum Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine hin abgespritzt. Dies ist durch die Pfeile 14 in Fig. 2B angedeutet. Der Startbrennstoff ist dabei so abgestimmt, daß, wie weiter oben bereits erläutert, das Kaltstartverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine positiv beeinflußt und die Abgasemissionen vermindert werden können.2B shows the next step, the injection of starting fuel in the direction of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The starting fuel is supplied in the same way as in the purging process shown in FIG. 2A, but is sprayed off towards the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine by the simultaneous electrical actuation of the fuel injection valve 2. This is indicated by the arrows 14 in Fig. 2B. The starting fuel is adjusted so that, as already explained above, the cold start behavior of the internal combustion engine is positively influenced and the exhaust gas emissions can be reduced.
Fig. 2C zeigt schließlich den dritten Schritt des Einspritzzyklus, bei welchem Normalbrennstoff aus der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung 3 über den Zulauf 9 und die seitlichen Kanäle 10 zur Ventilspitze 13 geleitet und zum Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine hin abgespritzt wird. Der Normalbrennstoff durchfließt dabei das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 2 entlang des durch die Pfeile 15 und 14 gekennzeichneten Wegs. Normalbrennstoff wird abgespritzt, sobald die Brennkraftmaschine ihre Betriebstemperatur erreicht hat, was durch einen geeigneten Sensor gemessen werden kann. Der Normalbrennstoff kann dabei beispielsweise ein Brennstoff mit höherer Energiedichte sein, welcher dafür ohne den Zusatz von Reinigungsstoffen auskommt .2C finally shows the third step of the injection cycle, in which normal fuel is led from the first fuel distributor line 3 via the inlet 9 and the lateral channels 10 to the valve tip 13 and is sprayed off towards the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The normal fuel flows through the fuel injection valve 2 along the path indicated by the arrows 15 and 14. Normal fuel is sprayed off as soon as the internal combustion engine has reached its operating temperature, which can be measured by a suitable sensor. The normal fuel can be, for example, a fuel with a higher energy density, which does not require the addition of cleaning agents.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt und beispielsweise auch für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen 1 von gemischverdichtenden, selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschinen geeignet. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown and is also suitable, for example, for fuel injection systems 1 of mixture-compressing, self-igniting internal combustion engines.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage (1) zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in eine Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) und einer ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) , die mit jedem Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) vorgesehen ist, welche über jeweils eine Lanze (5) mit jedem der Brennstoffeinspritzventile (2) in Verbindung steht.1. Fuel injection system (1) for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine with at least one fuel injection valve (2) and a first fuel distributor line (3) which is connected to each fuel injection valve (2), characterized in that a second fuel distributor line (4) is provided , which is connected to each of the fuel injection valves (2) via a lance (5).
2. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) parallel zu der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) angeordnet ist.2. Fuel injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the second fuel distributor line (4) is arranged parallel to the first fuel distributor line (3).
3. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) mit der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) mittels Löten verbunden ist.3. Fuel injection system according to claim 2, characterized in that the second fuel distributor line (4) is connected to the first fuel distributor line (3) by means of soldering.
4. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis4. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 1 to
3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Lanze (5) mit der zweiten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) mittels Löten verbunden ist. 3, characterized in that each lance (5) is connected to the second fuel distributor line (4) by means of soldering.
5. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis5. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 1 to
4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Lanze (5) die erste Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) durchgreift.4, characterized in that each lance (5) passes through the first fuel distributor line (3).
6. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich jede Lanze (5) in einen Zuleitungsstutzen (6) des Brennstoffeinspritzventils (2) erstreckt.6. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each lance (5) extends into a feed pipe (6) of the fuel injection valve (2).
7. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lanze einen Durchmesser von ca. 4 mm aufweist.7. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the lance has a diameter of approximately 4 mm.
8.. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Lanze (5) ein Rückschlagventil (7) angeordnet ist.8 .. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a check valve (7) is arranged in the lance (5).
9. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rückschlagventil (7) als Kugelventil (7) mit einer Feder (8) ausgebildet ist.9. Fuel injection system according to claim 8, characterized in that the check valve (7) is designed as a ball valve (7) with a spring (8).
10. Brennstoffeinspritzanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis10. Fuel injection system according to one of claims 1 to
9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) über einen Zulauf (9) mit der ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) in Verbindung steht .9, characterized in that the fuel injection valve (2) is connected to the first fuel distributor line (3) via an inlet (9).
11. Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff mittels einer Brennstoffeinspritzanlage (1) in eine Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) und einer ersten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) , die mit jedem Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) verbunden ist, und einer zweiten Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) , welche über jeweils eine Lanze (5) mit jedem der Brennstoffeinspritzventile (2) in Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verfahren folgende Verfahrensschritte umfaßt:11. Method for injecting fuel by means of a fuel injection system (1) into an internal combustion engine with at least one fuel injection valve (2) and one first fuel distributor line (3), which is connected to each fuel injection valve (2), and a second fuel distributor line (4), which is connected via a lance (5) to each of the fuel injection valves (2), characterized in that the method follows Process steps include:
- Zuleiten von Startbrennstoff über die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) und die Lanze (5) in das Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) und Spülen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils (2) ;- supplying starting fuel via the second fuel distributor line (4) and the lance (5) into the fuel injection valve (2) and flushing the fuel injection valve (2);
- Zuleiten von Startbrennstoff über die zweite Brennstoffverteilerleitung (4) und die Lanze (5) in das Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) und gleichzeitiges Betätigen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils (2) zum Einspritzen des Startbrennstoffs in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine;- Feeding starting fuel via the second fuel distributor line (4) and the lance (5) into the fuel injection valve (2) and simultaneously actuating the fuel injection valve (2) to inject the starting fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine;
- Wiederholen der ersten beiden Verfahrensschritte bis zum Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur der Brennkraftmaschine; und — Zuleiten von Normalbrennstoff über die erste Brennstoffverteilerleitung (3) und einen Zulauf (9) in das Brennstoffeinspritzventil (2) und gleichzeitiges Betätigen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils (2) zum Einspritzen des Normalbrennstoffs in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine. - Repeating the first two process steps until the operating temperature of the internal combustion engine is reached; and - supplying normal fuel via the first fuel distributor line (3) and an inlet (9) into the fuel injection valve (2) and simultaneously actuating the fuel injection valve (2) to inject the normal fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
EP04766519A 2003-08-18 2004-08-18 Fuel injection unit and method for injection of fuel Expired - Lifetime EP1658425B1 (en)

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DE10337893A DE10337893A1 (en) 2003-08-18 2003-08-18 Fuel injection system and method for injecting fuel
PCT/EP2004/051818 WO2005019636A1 (en) 2003-08-18 2004-08-18 Fuel injection unit and method for injection of fuel

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JP4550819B2 (en) 2010-09-22
JP2007502930A (en) 2007-02-15
US7523740B2 (en) 2009-04-28
US20070169749A1 (en) 2007-07-26
WO2005019636A1 (en) 2005-03-03
EP1658425B1 (en) 2008-01-16
DE502004005973D1 (en) 2008-03-06

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