EP1654051A1 - Procede et dispositif de climatisation d'une salle au moyen d'un melange d'air a pression partielle d'oxygene reduite - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de climatisation d'une salle au moyen d'un melange d'air a pression partielle d'oxygene reduite

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Publication number
EP1654051A1
EP1654051A1 EP04740877A EP04740877A EP1654051A1 EP 1654051 A1 EP1654051 A1 EP 1654051A1 EP 04740877 A EP04740877 A EP 04740877A EP 04740877 A EP04740877 A EP 04740877A EP 1654051 A1 EP1654051 A1 EP 1654051A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
oxygen
fuel
room
partial pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04740877A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel Dr. Jahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JAHN, AXEL, DR.
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10343342A external-priority patent/DE10343342B4/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1654051A1 publication Critical patent/EP1654051A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2213/00—Exercising combined with therapy
    • A63B2213/005—Exercising combined with therapy with respiratory gas delivering means, e.g. O2
    • A63B2213/006—Exercising combined with therapy with respiratory gas delivering means, e.g. O2 under hypoxy conditions, i.e. oxygen supply subnormal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/20—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of methane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for air conditioning a room with an air mixture which has an oxygen partial pressure which is lower than that of ambient air.
  • the effect of altitude training or altitude therapy can also be achieved in an atmosphere at normal pressure, in which, however, the oxygen partial pressure is reduced so that it corresponds to the oxygen partial pressure of a certain height above sea level.
  • the partial pressure of other air components in particular nitrogen, must be increased accordingly.
  • Air conditions with an oxygen partial pressure corresponding to a certain height and at the same time normal total air pressure are also referred to as normobaric hypoxia.
  • normobaric hypoxia Air conditions with an oxygen partial pressure corresponding to a certain height and at the same time normal total air pressure.
  • normobaric hypoxia Air conditions with an oxygen partial pressure corresponding to a certain height and at the same time normal total air pressure.
  • normobaric hypoxia For example, air with an oxygen volume fraction of 14.3% corresponds to a height of approximately 3,000 m above sea level or 16.2% to a height of 2,000 m above sea level.
  • the air is mixed with an inert gas, usually nitrogen (for example WO 96/37176 A), or with CO 2 .
  • an inert gas usually nitrogen (for example WO 96/37176 A), or with CO 2 .
  • the method is technically simple to implement and also has the advantage that undesired components of the air, such as CO 2 , odorants or particles, are diluted to the same extent as oxygen, but the dilution medium may not contain any odorants or other undesirable components.
  • the process is expensive because the diluent media nitrogen or other inert gases are expensive and are required in large quantities.
  • An additional cost-increasing factor is that when the room to be air-conditioned is started up to the desired oxygen content, air that has already been diluted is displaced from the room by supplying the dilution medium. As a result, the expensive dilution media are increasingly discharged unused until the desired oxygen content is reached. This eliminates the dilution process for the production of larger quantities of air for large rooms, which are also in constant unwanted air exchange with the environment. In addition, some of the dilution media are foreign gases for humans. Since C0 2 is harmful to humans in higher concentrations, it is out of the question as a dilution medium for rooms intended for personal use and is only used for fire protection purposes and in specially protected areas Rooms, such as data centers. Recent developments in fire protection therefore use nitrogen as a dilution medium.
  • membrane technology In addition to the low air output in the range of one cubic meter per hour, membrane technology has the disadvantage of being expensive and energy-intensive in relation to the air output due to the high costs for the pumps and the membrane. Furthermore, the sound generated by the apparatus is' low frequency quenz (infrasound) disturbing the well-being. This means that membrane technology cannot currently be used to generate large amounts of air.
  • adsorption technology air is usually passed through a suitable porous material under high pressure, which adsorbs oxygen. Molecular sieves with a zeolitic structure are usually used here. Since the material used has to be regenerated from time to time when the storage capacity is exhausted (usually by air release), this is a discontinuous process. Its use for normobaric hypoxia for training or therapy purposes is known from WO 96/37176 A, WO 01/78843 A, WO 99/06115 A or WO 98/34683 A, where in some cases continuous operation by using two alternately operated adsorption units is described. However, only small amounts of air are made available through breathing masks. In addition, breathing mask training basically represents a severe impairment of the training conditions.
  • room air technology has the task of creating the desired climatic conditions in rooms, room areas or also limited outdoor areas.
  • a typical task of ventilation technology is the setting of a thermal comfort with the parameters air temperature, radiation temperature, perceived temperature, relative and absolute air humidity, air speed, degree of turbulence and others.
  • a further task of indoor air technology concerns the particle content of the air, with inorganic or organic particles such as dust, pollen, spores or bacteria being removed by measures such as air filtering, air washing or air renewal.
  • room ventilation technology must also ensure adequate air quality and air hygiene. Components such as C0 2f odorous substances, exhaust gases, spores, decomposition products of organic substances and the like are to be reduced or removed.
  • Other known areas of ventilation technology relate to pollution control, fire and smoke protection, protection of components or room contents, in particular against moisture or temperature fluctuations, and other areas.
  • Classic ventilation technology therefore has to regulate a large number of parameters at the same time. Many of these tasks are usually solved by supplying outside air (air renewal).
  • the supply of outside air in untreated form leads to an oxygen entry in the room air and is therefore excluded for rooms conditioned by normobaric hypoxic conditions.
  • the air conditioning of common rooms with an air mixture in accordance with the conditions for normobaric hypoxia thus represents a new area of responsibility for indoor air technology. Also new is the requirement for pollution control for rooms of normobaric hypoxia in order to counteract the penetration of (good) outside air. Separation of by-products of the chemical reaction may also be necessary or desired.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for the air conditioning of rooms, including necessary air renewal, in particular of common rooms for people, which enables the setting of normobaric hypoxia conditions in an economically efficient manner.
  • a device for carrying out the method is also to be made available.
  • the released reaction energy can be fed back into the air conditioning process - in the form of electrical energy and / or mechanical energy and / or thermal energy - and thus can apply part of the energy to be used for the process.
  • Other uses of the energy are of course also possible.
  • This energetic advantage makes the process particularly economical compared to all known processes discussed above.
  • the chemical reduction of oxygen is preferably carried out by reaction with at least one fuel, in particular a combustible gas such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, natural gas, molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) or mixtures thereof. Natural gas, which has proven to be particularly economical, is preferably used.
  • Natural gas typically consists of approximately 90% by volume methane and also contains minor amounts of ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • liquid fossil fuels can also be used.
  • the aftertreatment of the treated air mixture is required before being fed into the room to be air-conditioned due to the combustion products of the fuel and / or oxygen that are produced.
  • CO 2 , CO, unburned hydrocarbons, and / or NO x , but also vaporous water must be at least partially separated off or converted catalytically.
  • the chemical conversion of oxygen with molecular hydrogen H 2 as a fuel is advantageous, since water is produced as a combustion product, which is environmentally friendly and at the same time easily separable from the air mixture.
  • hydrogen can be generated by electrolysis of water.
  • the electrical energy to be applied for this can, for example, be applied photovoltaically by means of solar cells.
  • the electricity generated in this way can cover part of the energy required for electrolysis.
  • the hydrogen can also be generated by reforming hydrocarbons, in particular fuel gases or gasoline.
  • reaction products of the oxygen and / or of the at least one fuel are at least partially separated off or catalytically converted from the remaining air mixture before it is supplied to the at least one space to be air-conditioned.
  • This can be done, for example, by reducing the oxygen to a liquid or condensable, solid or sublimable reaction product which is removed from the air mixture by a corresponding phase separation. It is also conceivable to remove the reaction or combustion product, for example by air washing, adsorption or catalytic conversion.
  • the oxygen is reduced by its electrochemical conversion with a suitable fuel in a fuel cell.
  • a suitable fuel in a fuel cell.
  • molecular hydrogen H 2 is used as fuel, with which the oxygen is converted to water H 2 0, which can be easily separated from the remaining air mixture after condensation.
  • methanol CH 3 0H is also known as a fuel of the so-called DMFC cell type (direct methanol fuel cell) and can be used in the context of the present invention.
  • the use of the electrochemical fuel cell has the advantage of generating electrical energy that can be fed back into the process or used externally.
  • the oxygen can also be reduced by combustion with a substantially open flame in a combustion chamber, air and a suitable fuel (mixed or separate) being fed to the combustion chamber and the fuel being burned with the oxygen.
  • a suitable fuel mixed or separate
  • Any combustible gas in particular natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane, hydrogen, preferably natural gas, can be used as fuel.
  • a liquid fuel such as gasoline or the like can also be burned in the combustion chamber.
  • the water generated when using hydrogen can easily be separated from the remaining air mixture by condensation.
  • the main combustion product is carbon dioxide C0 2 , for example by adsorption or by introduction into suitable aqueous solutions or. Air wash can be separated.
  • the oxygen is reduced by reaction with a fuel on a suitable catalyst. It is also conceivable, especially when using air with a relatively low oxygen content (for example in recirculation mode), that the oxygen on electrically heated wires with a burner implement material.
  • suitable reactants for example salts, which convert the oxygen to a solid is known in principle.
  • the method is able to adjust the partial oxygen pressure in the entire range from very low volume fractions, for example 5%, to the natural fraction in the air of 21%. If rooms for training or therapy / rehabilitation measures are to be air-conditioned, the oxygen partial pressure is reduced in particular to volume fractions of 12 to 16%, in particular to about 14%.
  • the method can advantageously also be operated in a controlled manner, an oxygen partial pressure measured in the room to be air-conditioned (for example with a lambda probe) being compared with a desired oxygen partial pressure and a conversion rate of the chemical reduction of oxygen and / or an air supply rate in the at least one room to be air-conditioned is set as a function of a deviation of the measured from the desired oxygen partial pressure.
  • the supply air produced with reduced oxygen partial pressure has the usual "freshness effect" of good outside air.
  • the usual climatic parameters of ventilation technology explained at the beginning can be set. It is therefore preferably provided to subject the oxygen-reduced supply air to at least one of the following treatment measures before it is supplied to the room to be air-conditioned:
  • the invention further relates to a device for air conditioning at least one room with an air mixture which has an oxygen partial pressure which is lower than that of the ambient air, comprising a 0 2 reducer for reducing at least part of the oxygen contained in the ambient air to a reaction product and a feed device for Feeding the treated air mixture into the at least one room to be air-conditioned.
  • the device according to the invention is inexpensive to create and operate, and is also suitable for larger rooms Air conditioning conditions of normobaric hypoxia. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the remaining subclaims.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an overview of an entire air conditioning system and the associated process stages
  • FIG. 2 shows six different advantageous design variants of the 0 2 reducer
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an advantageous structure of an inventive device for air conditioning a room under normobaric hypoxia.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the course of the method according to the invention. If alternative measures are shown, these are identified by italics.
  • the device designated overall by 10 has a suction device 11, not shown, with which air is sucked in from the environment and fed into the system 10.
  • the ambient air drawn in passes through a mixing chamber 12, in which recirculated air recirculated from the process can be admixed in any proportion.
  • the air can be cleaned in an optional step in a cleaning device 14, for example a particle filter or air washer.
  • Air pretreatment can be particularly important for removing air components that can burn to undesired products in the subsequent reduction process.
  • the circulating air can also be cleaned in a corresponding manner in a second cleaning device 42 (see below).
  • a 0 2 reducer 16 there is a chemical conversion of part of the molecular oxygen 0 2 contained in the ambient air and / or the recirculated air, which is converted into a reaction product with a suitable reaction partner (fuel).
  • the 0 2 reducer 16 can be designed in various design variants, which will be explained in more detail later with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2F.
  • the fuel required for the reduction of the oxygen is supplied from a fuel tank 18.
  • the fuel used is, for example, molecular hydrogen H 2 .
  • the fuel tank 18 is an H 2 storage.
  • the fuel can also be supplied directly via gas lines, which are also indicated, without being stored.
  • H 2 is obtained by reforming 22
  • fossil fuels usually fuel gases, such as natural gas, methane gas, town gas, are converted in a reformer 28, for example with the addition of water vapor.
  • fuel gases such as natural gas, methane gas, town gas
  • molecular hydrogen H 2 further reaction products such as CO 2 and low molecular weight hydrocarbons are formed.
  • the heat energy generated by some reforming processes in the form of superheated steam can be used.
  • the necessary hydrogen production can take place externally or - especially in the case of electrolytic production - also on site.
  • the storage of the hydrogen in the storage 18 decouples the need from the available solar radiation or from the delivery by tanker.
  • the air mixture After leaving the 0 2 reducer 16, the air mixture has, for example, a volume fraction of oxygen of 14%, corresponding to an oxygen partial pressure of approximately 140 mbar.
  • This gas mixture is at least largely freed from the reaction products of the oxygen and the fuel and any by-products that may be produced in an air maker 30.
  • the separation is preferably carried out by condensation.
  • the water separated in this way can be treated by means of a water treatment device 32, for example in order to prevent contamination. Details of the air heater 30 and the water treatment device 32 are explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the oxygen-reduced air mixture passes through a temperature control device 34 in which a desired air temperature is set by means of heating and / or cooling.
  • a desired air temperature is set by means of heating and / or cooling.
  • the temperature control can also take place before the reaction products are separated off.
  • the desired air quality is then set in a post-treatment device 36, in particular inorganic or organic particles, CO 2 , odorants and the like being removed from the air. Details of the temperature control and aftertreatment device 34 and 36 are shown below in connection with FIG. 4.
  • the air treated in this way is fed via a supply device 37 as supply air (room air) to a room 38 (or rooms) to be air-conditioned.
  • a supply device 37 as supply air (room air) to a room 38 (or rooms) to be air-conditioned.
  • rooms that are operated under conditions of normobaric hypoxia, in particular training rooms for athletes or therapy rooms for the rehabilitation of convalescents or the elderly.
  • an excess of supply air is preferably used.
  • the size of the surplus depends on leaks in the containment areas and the frequency with which access gates are used by people. It is also conceivable that To drive room 38 in special cases under control of an excess pressure of, for example, 2 to 3 Pa.
  • the air leaving space 38 can either be discharged into the environment as exhaust air or can be returned to the treatment process completely or partially in recirculation mode via mixing chamber 12.
  • Recirculation mode can be particularly useful in the case of using a 0 2 reducer in the form of a combustion chamber in which oxygen is burned with an open flame with a fuel in order to lower the combustion temperature and thus suppress the NO. Formation.
  • Corresponding measures are known, for example, in internal combustion engines in the form of internal or external exhaust gas recirculation.
  • a thermal circulating air treatment device 40 can optionally be provided, which comprises the functions heating, cooling, humidifying and / or dehumidifying. This is particularly useful in rooms 38 of normobaric hypoxia with a high moisture load, for example caused by swimming pools, where dehumidification of the circulating air is necessary. This can be done in a known manner via surface coolers or by means of a dehumidification heat pump.
  • a further cleaning device 42 can be provided in the circulating air line in order to avoid unwanted combustion products of organic or inorganic compounds. Particulate filters, activated carbon filters or, in special cases, air washers can be used for this. It is also conceivable to combine the cleaning devices 14 and 42 into a single cleaning device downstream of the mixing chamber 12.
  • the device 10 also includes necessary air delivery devices (fans), not shown, for transporting the air through the air lines and into the various devices.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2F show six different embodiments of the 0 2 reducer 16.
  • the direction of flow of the entering or exiting gas mixture is identified by the horizontal double arrows.
  • the 0 reductor 16 is designed as a fuel cell.
  • a large number of individual cells are provided in the form of a cell stack 44.
  • the function of the fuel cell is generally known.
  • molecular hydrogen H 2 is electrochemically converted to water H 2 0 with the oxygen 0 2 present in the air.
  • the spatial separation of the two partial reactions, oxidation of hydrogen H 2 to H + and reduction of oxygen 0 2 to 0 ' ⁇ make it possible to use the electrons emitted by the hydrogen in the form of an electrical current. Since this is an exothermic reaction, the heat energy generated can also be used.
  • the air mixture leaves the fuel cell with a reduced oxygen content and thus reduced oxygen partial pressure and contains gaseous or vaporous water as the reaction product of the oxygen.
  • FIG. 2B shows a 0 2 reducer 16 designed as a combustion chamber.
  • the inflowing air mixture first meets a rectifier 46, which essentially has the task of distributing the air mixture homogeneously in the chamber.
  • the air mixture then enters a combustion chamber 48 in which a gas burner 50 is arranged.
  • the gas burner 50 has a large number of nozzles from which a supplied fuel, here hydrogen H 2 , emerges and burns with an open flame using oxygen.
  • a supplied fuel here hydrogen H 2
  • other fuel gases such as natural gas
  • the combustion reaction is preferably carried out at low combustion temperatures in order to largely suppress the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the resulting heat of combustion is removed via a downstream, preferably dry, heat exchanger 52 before the oxygen-reduced air leaves the 0 2 reactor.
  • the heat dissipation can also be dissipated via the walls of the combustion chamber 48 by radiation and / or convection.
  • burners known in particular from boiler construction can also be used here, for example premix burners in which mixture preparation takes place outside the combustion chamber; Matrix radiant burners in which the air / gas mixture is burned practically flameless on the surface of a stainless steel mesh; atmospheric or overpressure burners; Burners that have a catalytic coating that supports combustion or combinations of the principles mentioned.
  • FIG. 2C shows a 0 2 reducer 16 in the form of a catalytic combustion device.
  • the air mixture first enters a prechamber 54, in which it is mixed with hydrogen, natural gas or another fuel which is supplied via a gas distributor lance 56.
  • a porous catalyst block 58 which comprises a plurality of flow channels which have a catalytically active material on their surface.
  • the catalytic reduction of the atmospheric oxygen with the supplied fuel takes place at the catalyst block 58.
  • the catalyst block 58 functions as a rectifier.
  • the resulting heat energy is removed via the downstream dry heat exchanger 52 before the gas mixture leaves the reductor 16.
  • FIG. 2D shows a 0 2 reducer 16 in the form of a combustion chamber operated with heating wires.
  • the air mixture After flowing through the rectifier 46, the air mixture enters the combustion chamber 48, where it is mixed with a fuel, in particular hydrogen or natural gas, which is supplied via the gas distributor lance 56.
  • a fuel in particular hydrogen or natural gas
  • the heating wires 60 cause the fuel to burn continuously. Dry heat is also removed here via the heat exchanger 52 before the oxygen-reduced air mixture leaves the 0 2 reducer 16.
  • the principle shown in FIG. 2D for oxygen reduction on electrically heated wires is particularly suitable for air mixtures with a relatively low oxygen content. This means that recirculated air or mixed air from recirculated air and ambient air with an already reduced oxygen content can also be used.
  • FIG. 2E shows a 0 2 reducer 16 in the form of an internal combustion engine, in particular in the form of a gas turbine 62 (combustion turbine).
  • gas turbine In the gas turbine is known in
  • a fuel preferably natural gas or H 2
  • H 2 a fuel that is burned with air in a combustion chamber, as a result of which a large part of the energy released is used to drive a turbine (not shown).
  • the mechanical energy generated in this way is a form of energy that can be used particularly well in the process. If the turbine is designed as a generator, the mechanical energy can be converted into usable electrical energy.
  • the heat energy released at the same time is removed from the high-pressure steam generated in the process via the heat exchanger 52.
  • FIG. 2F shows a 0 2 reducer 16 in the form of an internal combustion engine, in particular in the form of a piston engine 64.
  • a suitable fuel again preferably natural gas or H 2
  • H 2 is burned with air in a known manner, using the reaction energy to drive a movable piston, not shown.
  • the required cooling of the motor 64 usually takes place via the motor walls.
  • cooling of the exhaust gas and thus heat dissipation can take place via the heat exchanger 52.
  • heat energy released can already be dissipated in the reductor, the location of the highest temperature level, or even must be dissipated. It is economically interesting to decouple the heat of reaction in the 0 2 reducer, especially at temperatures> 110 ° C.
  • This heat can be used on site and / or centrally in the field, for example Absorption chillers generate refrigeration, which can be used to cool and dehumidify the oxygen-reduced air to the required supply air condition, that is, in the air heater 30, in the temperature post-treatment 34 and / or the air quality post-treatment 34.
  • Another design option (not shown) of the 0 2 reducer 16 uses a different method.
  • a solution of a suitable reducing agent is sprayed or trickled while the air mixture is supplied, the dissolved reducing agent reacting with the atmospheric oxygen to form a solid which can be filtered out.
  • a suitable reducing agent for example, it is known from drinking water treatment to oxidize iron dissolved in water in this way with atmospheric oxygen to iron oxide.
  • the reaction energy is released when oxygen is reduced or a fuel, in particular natural gas or H 2, is burned.
  • this energy is generated in the form of thermal energy, preferably also as electrical or mechanical energy. All forms of energy are preferably returned to the air conditioning process in order to partially cover the energy requirements.
  • the energy can be used to generate the fuel H 2 or to generate cold, which is required for cooling, dehumidifying or cleaning the reaction air mixture.
  • Other forms of use inside and / or outside the process are also conceivable. Details of the air heater 30 and the water treatment device 32 from FIG. 1 are shown in FIG. 3.
  • the air maker 30 has the task of removing the combustion products of the 0 2 reducer 16 and any by-products that may arise from the air mixture.
  • the use of hydrogen as a reducing agent and thus gaseous or vaporous water as the reaction product to be separated is assumed.
  • the gas mixture loaded with the gaseous or vaporous water enters the air maker 30 and meets there a surface cooler 66 which, under wet cooling, causes a partial condensation of the water and thus cooling and dehumidification of the remaining air mixture. Due to the dissipated heat, the cooling medium used is heated to approximately 40 to 50 ° C, so that the thermal energy can be used inside or outside the system.
  • the water condensed on the cooler 66 flows into a washer trough 68, which is arranged at the bottom of a dehumidification chamber 70.
  • the air mixture is treated with water, which is sprayed or sprinkled via a nozzle block 72 in the form of a spray or trickle humidifier, as a result of which the water contained in the air is further condensed.
  • the sprayed or trickled water has a temperature corresponding to the target value of the dew point of the air mixture. (On the contrary, if the air is to be humidified at this point, the water temperature must exceed the dew point.)
  • residues are removed
  • the wet surface cooler 66 can be omitted, but is useful for the use of the thermal energy. It is also conceivable not to supply the water condensed on the cooler 66 to the water treatment device 32, but to discharge it separately. Furthermore, the surface cooler 62 and the air washer consisting of the dehumidification chamber 70 and the nozzle assembly 72 can also be accommodated in separate device units. ,
  • the water collected in the scrubber pan 68 is at least partially fed to the water treatment device 32, where it is first heated to a degassing temperature via a heating device 76, for example a heat exchanger.
  • the heated water then passes into a degassing chamber 78 equipped with a vacuum fan, from where the components gasifying under the vacuum, for example CO 2 , are removed. Since there is no C0 2 when using hydrogen as fuel gas, thermal degassing (76, 78) can be omitted in this case.
  • thermal degassing 76, 78
  • solids are removed and drained from the water.
  • the water is then cooled in a water cooler 82 to or below the dew point of the supply air to the air heater 30.
  • the pH of the water is then adjusted in block 84.
  • the water treatment device 32 can also use a disinfection device (not shown). have a device in which bacteria, in particular Legionella, are killed, for example, by UN radiation.
  • the treated water is fed to the dehumidifying / washing chamber 70 of the air heater 30 via a pump 86. Excess water is discharged via an outlet valve 88.
  • the dry cooler 52 of the 0 2 reducer 16 from FIGS. 2A to 2F and the surface cooler 66 from FIG. 3 can be combined in one unit.
  • FIG. 4 shows details of the temperature control and post-treatment devices 34 and 36.
  • an air cooler 90 and an air heater 92 are used to set the desired air temperature.
  • the air cooler 90 can be omitted.
  • a desired air quality is set in the aftertreatment device 36, with solids, such as dust or bacteria, being removed from the air in a particle filter 94.
  • an activated carbon filter 96 can be provided, which in particular binds odorous substances from the air.
  • an ionization chamber 98 can be provided, with which, for example, spores or decay products of organic substances can be removed by means of generated oxygen radicals and which in particular brings about the desired “freshness effect” of the air.
  • the reverse order of the devices 34 and 36 can also be provided in certain cases.
  • the air conditioning device 10 can basically be operated in two operating states. At the beginning of the air conditioning of the room 38 with an air atmosphere of normobaric hypoxia, a pure or partial circulating air operation takes place, the one leaving the room 38 Exhaust air is completely or partially returned via the recirculation air line and the mixing chamber 12. This start-up continues until the space 38 to be air-conditioned has the desired oxygen content.
  • the system is switched to a regulated or controlled holding mode, in which the ambient air portion supplied via the mixing chamber 14 is limited to a necessary level.
  • the ambient air portion supplied via the mixing chamber 14 is limited to a necessary level.
  • Several factors have to be taken into account when measuring the ambient air content. On the one hand, sufficient removal of loads from room 38, for example odorous substances, C0 2 , dust, fibers, etc., must be ensured. On the other hand, room 38 must be protected against the ingress of oxygen-rich outside air (pollution control) and the unavoidable air exchange with the surroundings must be compensated.
  • a certain circulating air / ambient air ratio or a reduced oxygen content to lower the combustion temperature and thus the N0 X formation in the 0 2 reducer 16 can be required.
  • the proportion of ambient air is measured based on the strongest of the factors to be taken into account, which automatically fulfills the other requirements.
  • This excess air is then released into the environment, for example, as so-called protective air (the strongest factor in the case of immission protection), for example with a proportion of 0 to 20% of the air mass discharged from the room 38.
  • the intake of ambient air is adjusted in accordance with the removed protective air and is therefore coupled to it.
  • a higher proportion of ambient air than that resulting from the protective function or the other factors may also be necessary in order to achieve an oxygen concentration in the combustion gas necessary for the oxidation of the fuel gas. ensure combustion air.
  • an excess of exhaust air can be used for emission protection purposes if neighboring rooms or areas are to be protected from the low-oxygen room air.
  • regulation of the circulating air portion can be provided such that the oxygen content of the combustion air of the 0 2 reducer 16 is kept high enough to maintain the combustion process.
  • direct recirculation mode can also be provided, in which the exhaust air from room 38 - if necessary after separate recirculation air treatment for setting the temperature, air. quality etc. - is fed directly to the room 38 again without passing through the 0 2 reducer 16.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif (10) de climatisation d'au moins une salle (38) au moyen d'un mélange d'air qui, relativement à l'air ambiant, a une pression partielle d'oxygène réduite pour une pression globale correspondant sensiblement à la pression de l'air ambiant. Selon le procédé de l'invention, au moins une partie de l'oxygène (O2) se trouvant dans l'air ambiant est chimiquement réduite en un produit réactionnel, lequel est de préférence séparé, et le mélange d'air pauvre en oxygène ainsi traité est introduit dans la salle en tant qu'air frais. L'élément principal du dispositif de la présente invention est un réducteur d'oxygène (16) qui réduit au moins une partie de l'oxygène contenue dans l'air ambiant en un produit réactionnel. Ce réducteur d'oxygène (16) est de préférence une pile à combustible, un moteur à combustion interne, une turbine ou une chambre de combustion.
EP04740877A 2003-07-11 2004-07-09 Procede et dispositif de climatisation d'une salle au moyen d'un melange d'air a pression partielle d'oxygene reduite Withdrawn EP1654051A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10332565 2003-07-11
DE10343342A DE10343342B4 (de) 2003-07-11 2003-09-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Klimatisierung eines Raumes mit einem Luftgemisch mit abgesenktem Sauerstoffpartialdruck
PCT/EP2004/007598 WO2005007273A1 (fr) 2003-07-11 2004-07-09 Procede et dispositif de climatisation d'une salle au moyen d'un melange d'air a pression partielle d'oxygene reduite

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EP1654051A1 true EP1654051A1 (fr) 2006-05-10

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EP04740877A Withdrawn EP1654051A1 (fr) 2003-07-11 2004-07-09 Procede et dispositif de climatisation d'une salle au moyen d'un melange d'air a pression partielle d'oxygene reduite

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EP (1) EP1654051A1 (fr)
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DE102005053692B3 (de) 2005-11-10 2007-01-11 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Brandschutz mit Brennstoffzellenabluft
EP1945315B8 (fr) 2005-11-10 2012-04-11 Airbus Operations GmbH Utilisation d'un systeme a piles a combustible pour eteindre des feux
RU2481880C1 (ru) * 2011-12-13 2013-05-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро по электрохимии с опытным заводом" Система электрохимической регенерации воздуха совмещенного типа для герметизированных пространств
US10426914B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2019-10-01 Koninkliike Philips N.V. System and method for adjusting humidification during pressure support therapy

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RU2129903C1 (ru) * 1997-03-21 1999-05-10 Серебряков Владимир Николаевич Способ разделения газовых смесей кислород - азот для получения регулируемых атмосфер

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SU965991A1 (ru) * 1980-06-02 1982-10-15 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт электротермического оборудования Способ получени контролируемой атмосферы
US5887439A (en) * 1995-05-22 1999-03-30 Kotliar; Igor K. Hypoxic cleanroom systems for industrial applications
US5799652A (en) * 1995-05-22 1998-09-01 Hypoxico Inc. Hypoxic room system and equipment for Hypoxic training and therapy at standard atmospheric pressure

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RU2129903C1 (ru) * 1997-03-21 1999-05-10 Серебряков Владимир Николаевич Способ разделения газовых смесей кислород - азот для получения регулируемых атмосфер

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See also references of WO2005007273A1 *

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WO2005007273A1 (fr) 2005-01-27
RU2325942C2 (ru) 2008-06-10

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