EP1652621B1 - Method for bead-blasting processing and device for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Method for bead-blasting processing and device for carrying out said method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1652621B1
EP1652621B1 EP04733217A EP04733217A EP1652621B1 EP 1652621 B1 EP1652621 B1 EP 1652621B1 EP 04733217 A EP04733217 A EP 04733217A EP 04733217 A EP04733217 A EP 04733217A EP 1652621 B1 EP1652621 B1 EP 1652621B1
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Prior art keywords
diameters
abrasive
nozzle
gas
air
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1652621A1 (en
EP1652621A4 (en
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Andrey Vasilievich Anischenko
Nicolai Alekseevich Galchenko
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
    • B24C7/0069—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with means for preventing clogging of the equipment or for preventing abrasive entering the airway
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/08—Devices for generating abrasive blasts non-mechanically, e.g. of metallic abrasives by means of a magnetic field or by detonating cords

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of gas jet grinding treatment and can be used in cleaning (removal of corrosion and dirt) of bridges, containers, ships, railway cars, automobiles, building structures and technological equipment, as well as roughness modification, to improve decorative properties of different surfaces.
  • Methods are known for workpiece processing with a high-speed two-component jet whose dispersion medium is gas and whose disperse phase are abrasive particles.
  • the methods include introducing the disperse phase from the pressure vessel into the bulk material line, mixing with the dispersion medium, feeding to the nozzle, and accelerating the abrasive by converting the gas pressure to kinetic energy and generating a high-speed, two-component jet as a tool for the treatment the workpiece top layer is used.
  • the amount of the abrasive in the high-speed two-component jet is controlled by the passage cross-section of a metering device, which is between the pressure vessel and the bulk material line is mounted, wherein the pressure in the pressure vessel and in the bulk material line is measured (patent US 5081799 ,
  • Patent US 5083402 This technical solution allows the supply of the abrasive in a wide range of 0.22 to 4.5 kg (Patent US 5083402 ) too.
  • the main disadvantage is the supply of the abrasive directly to the bulk material line. Low disperse phase velocity and static overpressure results in an unstable ratio of disperse phase and dispersion medium, low kinetic viscosity and, as a result, a reduction in efficacy and performance of the treatment.
  • the known shot peening method is used in a blast cleaning apparatus, model ASO-150 (technical specification TS 5251-020-03082926-2002, blast cleaning apparatus, model ASO-150).
  • This shot peening process involves introducing gas together with an abrasive into a container, shutting off the shutter necked throat, generating a pressure in the container, supplying gas to a nozzle, supplying the abrasive particles self-flowing from the container via a doser Via a hose to the nozzle and the generation of a two-component jet, which is used as a tool for surface treatment.
  • the abrasive comes but due to the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the metering pulsating into the receiving socket.
  • nozzles are used in small lengths of 80-115 mm, resulting in only a small conversion (3-5%) of gas pressure into kinetic energy of the abrasive particles.
  • these machines are characterized by low power (5-7 m 2 / h) and high consumption of abrasive (60-90 kg / m 2 ).
  • a similar technical solution is a method that is used in the apparatus for grinding in the copyright certificate SU 1145575 is described.
  • This method consists in using the gas pressure to displace the abrasive from the container into a mixing chamber and further operating with a central and radial opening of the bulk material feeding device.
  • this solution ensures a more stable supply of the abrasive, but one Blockage of the passage cross-section of the dosing device is not excluded.
  • the velocity of the gas flow in the mixing chamber remains low and decreases in the area of the abrasive supply, which can cause pulsations.
  • the main disadvantage is the operation, in which the supply strength of the abrasive is controlled by changing the passage cross-section of the metering.
  • problems such as the selection of an optimal acceleration distance, the generation of a high-speed two-component beam, an angle of attack and distance to the surface to be machined are not solved.
  • a sandblast grinder in which air from a source of pressurized air serves to form an abrasive jet in an abrasive container.
  • the abrasive jet is generated by a flexibly mounted ball vibrator.
  • the air from this compressed air source serves to suck in a steady amount of abrasive material and eject it from a nozzle.
  • a pressure feed container known to carry a powdered material in a stream of propellant gas.
  • This container has a hopper which is resiliently suspended by a flexible member in the container.
  • a vibrator such as an electric motor with an eccentric weight on the motor shaft, shakes at the bottom of the hopper.
  • the vibratory forces of the vibrator are preferably transmitted from a flexible membrane to the hopper.
  • the hopper is thus subjected to first vibrational forces acting with a torque from below, and second reaction vibrational forces acting with a torque from above. This causes the powder material in the hopper to circulate and mix thoroughly.
  • the powder material is passed through an inlet opening through which the powder material gets into the propellant gas stream.
  • This pressure feed container is particularly suitable for dispensing abrasive powder to a manually operated tooth tool for abrasive treatment of the teeth of living beings.
  • the technical object of the invention is to increase the performance and efficiency of the shot peening treatment due to the increase of the kinetic energy of the abrasive by converting the static gas pressure and the loss reduction in the destruction of the top layer.
  • the two-component jet is generated by means of an acoustic effect, a material neck vibration and an increase in the pressure difference of the gas in the inlet and outlet.
  • the abrasive is accelerated via the feed line in an accelerator on a track with a length of 30-120 of its caliber and directed to the surface to be machined at an angle of 15-45 0 at a distance of 35-95 its caliber.
  • the two-component jet is generated by introducing an abrasive into the gas stream to a ratio of dispersing medium to disperse phase of 0.7 to 0.9.
  • the supply of an optimum amount of the abrasive is ensured by an acoustic effect and a vibration with the vibration frequency of 500-1000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm.
  • the required ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase is ensured by a self-regulating pneumatic system which increases the vibration while reducing the gas consumption in the jet supplied to the material nozzle.
  • the system is self-regulating, since the vibration and the acoustic effect increase with the reduction of the amount of gas, whereby the frictional forces between the abrasive particles are weakened.
  • a Tari apparatus (hereafter referred to as apparatus) has been developed, which comprises a nozzle and a container with a metering device, which are connected to one another via conveying and gas lines as compressed gas source.
  • the nozzle has a length of 30-120 caliber, and the doser is equipped with a broadband acoustic generator, a multi-orbiting vibrator, an activator and a centrifugal water separator.
  • the vibration generator has at an acute angle arranged plates, runners of different weights, Tangenzial- and radial nozzle for gas supply and an ejector, which is arranged from top to bottom under the material nozzle for abrasive dispensing from the cavity of the activator.
  • the activator is in the form of a sleeve with wall recesses for passing the abrasive particles and with a channel for evacuating gas from a T-piece passing through the housing.
  • the runners of the vibration exciter are carried out in the form of balls.
  • the larger ball has a diameter of 2.3-2.4 of the caliber, the smaller ball has a diameter of 0.9-1.0.
  • the diameters of the intermediate balls change in decreasing dependence.
  • the Tangentialstutzen has the form of a supersonic nozzle with a cross section of 0.95-0.98 of the caliber.
  • the activator has to gas supply a tangential and a vortex chamber in its bottom, the cross section of the tangential channel max. 0.5 caliber and the bulk material neck is 0.8-0.9 caliber.
  • Tables 1 and 2 show the vibration frequency and the sound intensity with a change in the rotor diameter, their position and the ratio of the critical nozzle value (the narrowest cross section of the nozzle) to the running caliber.
  • the apparatus includes a nozzle 1, which is connected to a metering device 2 of a container 3 with a bulk material line 4.
  • the metering device 2 is connected to a compressed gas source, eg air, via a tangential connection 5 in the form of a supersonic nozzle with a valve 6 and a radial connection 7 with a valve 8.
  • the container 3 is connected to a tee 9 via a valve 10.
  • the nozzle 1 has a length of 30-120 of the running caliber.
  • the doser 2 is with an acoustic Broadband generator 11, a vibration generator 12 with a Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13, an activator 14, a material nozzle 15 and an ejector 16 is provided.
  • the vibration exciter 12 is designed as a multi-circuit exciter with under acute angles 18 mounted plates 17, runners 19, 20 and 21 in the form of spheres of different weight, each large, medium and small.
  • the Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13 has a Koaxialspalt 22, which is located in the vicinity of the lower part of the vibration exciter 12, a ring pocket 23 for condensate collecting and a discharge nozzle 24 with hydraulic closure 25.
  • the designed as a sleeve with wall recesses 37 for passing the abrasive from the container 3 activator 14 is disposed above the vibration exciter 12 and has a channel 26 in the bottom for gas discharge from the T-piece 9 through the housing 27 in cavities 28.
  • the material nozzle 15 connects the cavities 28 of the activator 14 and the ejector 16 and is arranged on the axis of the metering device 2.
  • the arranged in the bottom of the metering 2 with an annular gap 29 ejector 16 is directed from top to bottom of the material nozzle 15 to the bulk material 4.
  • the container 3 has a vibrating screen 30 and a hopper 31 for feeding, which is provided with a closure flap 32 which is arranged on a top nozzle 33 of the tee 9.
  • an outlet 34 is arranged with a valve 35.
  • the runners have the shape of balls with a largest diameter 19 of 2.3-2.4 of the running caliber, a smaller diameter 21 of) 0.9-1.0 and a mean diameter 20 of 1.6-1.7 the running caliber 1; that is, the diameters change from top to bottom in decreasing dependence.
  • the Tangentialstutzen 5 has the form of a supersonic nozzle with a critical cross-sectional value of 0.95-0.98 of the Laufkalibers 1.
  • the activator 14 is provided with a swirl chamber 36 and a Tangentialkanal 26 for supplying gas from the T-piece 9 via the housing 27.
  • the cross section of the tangential channel 26 is max. 0.5 of the running caliber 1.
  • the nozzle cross-section 15 is between 0.8 and 0.9 of the running caliber. 1
  • the apparatus works in the following way.
  • the container 3 is filled with the abrasive via the vibrating screen 30 and the hopper 31, for example, with green silicon carbide having a grain size of 500 (0.476-0.510 mm) according to the GOST standard 26327-83.
  • the valve 10 is turned off, the valve 35 is turned on, the pressurized gas is discharged from the container 3 via the outlet port 34 and the closure flap 32 is depressed.
  • the hydraulic shutter 25 is opened, the valve 8 is turned off, the valve 6 is turned up a little and the compressed gas is supplied to the tangential nozzle 5 and the vibration generator 12.
  • the pressurized gas swirls under the centrifugal force and presses against the wall of the vibration exciter 12.
  • the gas flow is first expanded and then via the centrifugal water separator 13 and the ejector 16 compressed.
  • the rate of fluidization of the gas flow from the periphery to the axis of the vibratory exciter 12 increases with the reduction in radius, that is, the static pressure changes to a dynamic pressure. The pressure drops below the atmospheric pressure.
  • the abrasive Under the pressure difference, the abrasive through the recesses 37 and the waste air from the hopper 31 via the upper stub 33 of the T-piece 9, through the channel 26 in the bottom of the activator 14 and the hollows 28 in the socket 15 and on to the ejector 16th and conveyed to the annular gap 29, where the central forced swirl is generated under frictional force; then the abrasive flows with the dust from the discharge line 4 and the barrel 1.
  • the rotation of the runners 19, 20 and 21 generates a vibration which operates the vibrating screen 30 via the container 3 and the hopper 31, so that the charging quality and the speed of the abrasive are increased.
  • the frequency of a few Hz to 2 kHz and the oscillation amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm are continuously adjusted by changing the amount of compressed gas by means of the valve 6.
  • the run 1 is directed to the surface, which is pretreated simultaneously with the feed.
  • Run 1 is directed at a distance of 35-39 running calibers to the surface treated with the two-component jet at an angle of 15-45 °, with the ratio of the disperse phase to the dispersion medium being set between 0.7 and 0.9.
  • the valve 35 is turned off, so that the omission of the Pressure gas is prevented via the outlet 34.
  • the valve 10 is turned on, and the compressed gas is introduced into the container 3 via the tee 9.
  • the shutter 32 is pushed up and locks the hopper 31 from. Then, the compressed gas flows from the T-piece 9 passing through the housing 27 via the tangential port 26 into the swirl chamber 36.
  • the gas fills the container 3 through the recesses 37 and loosens up the agglomerated abrasive particles.
  • the abrasive passes through the recesses 37 of the activator 14, the abrasive is collected with the gas flow from the vortex chamber 3 and entrained in the material nozzle 15 of the metering device 2 and in the ejector 16 in which it is mixed with the gas flow and is introduced into the pipe 4 and further into the barrel 1.
  • the gas supply through the designed as a supersonic nozzle Tangentialstutzen 5 to the wall of the acoustic broadband generator 11 creates a turbulent boundary layer, which forms together with the mounted around the pointed angles 18 plate 17 rotors 19, 20 and 21, a sound source, which on the abrasive in Container 3 acts.
  • the abrasive is accelerated in the barrel 1 with a length of 30-120 barrel caliber, and the two-component beam is directed at the angle of 15-45 0 and distance to the run of 35-95 run calibers to the surface to be machined.
  • the two-component jet is generated by introducing the abrasive into the gas flow in an amount ratio of the dispersion medium to the dispersed phase of 0.7-0.9.
  • An optimal amount of abrasive is ensured by the acoustic effect and vibration with a vibration frequency of the doser of 500-1000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm.
  • the required ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase is maintained with the self-regulating pneumatic system, wherein the vibration is increased while reducing the gas consumption in the material nozzle 15 supplied beam.
  • the shot peening is finished as follows.
  • the valve 10 is turned off, and the gas introduction into the T-piece 9 and the housing 27 is stopped.
  • the valve 6 is turned off, bringing the acoustic effect and the vibration of the material nozzle 15 are stopped.
  • the valve 8 of the Radial nozzle 7 and the hydraulic closure 25 for the outlet of the condensate from the ring pocket 23 of the metering device 2 via the coaxial gap 22 and the outlet nozzle 24 are turned on; while the pressure in the barrel 1 via the bulk material line 4 is reduced.
  • the valve 35 is turned on, the pressurized gas is discharged from the container 3 via the outlet port 4, and the shutter 32 is depressed.
  • the apparatus according to the invention thanks to the design and technical solutions has a high impact and extends the application possibilities.
  • the developed dispenser is durable, safe and compact.
  • the accelerator in the form of a barrel with a length of 30-120 barrel calibers makes it possible to obtain a maximum kinetic energy of the dispersion medium.
  • the evaluation of the shot peening according to the GOST standard 9.402-80 and the ISO 8501-1 / 1988 confirms the conformity of the characteristics of the machined surface with the highest quality, the degree of cleaning 1 and the class Sa3.
  • the barrel with the length of 30-120 calibers, the larger, medium and smaller barrels, the supersonic nozzle, the tangential channel with the given cross-section, the barrel caliber of 2,3-2,4, 1,6-1,7, 0, 9-1.0, 0.95-0.96, ⁇ 0.5, 0.8-0.9 respectively, are optimal. Deviation from the given values decreases the performance of the apparatus.
  • the optimum ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase is between 0.7 and 0.9.
  • the required amount of abrasive is supplied under the acoustic effect and the vibration with a vibration frequency of 500-1000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.2-0.7 mm.
  • the two-component beam is directed onto the surface to be processed at the angle of 15-45 0 to the barrel and spaced 35-95 barrel calibres.
  • the empirical dependencies are determined by approximation of the optimum values and by determining the deviation influence of one of the indicators on the basic parameters.
  • the shot peening was carried out by means of runs with calibers of 4-16 mm and a pressure of 0.6 MPa.
  • the effectiveness was determined by a specific abrasive consumption per 1 m 2 of the machined surface.
  • the performance was measured at the surface treatment after Sa2.
  • Experience has shown that the best technological results are achieved with an acceleration of the abrasive in the accelerator with a length of 30-120 running calibres ( Fig.2 ). Over the course of 10-20 running calibres, the specific abrasive consumption decreases and has its minimum at the limit of the range of 30-120 running calibers, this can be explained by the intensive conversion of the pressurized gas energy into kinetic energy of the two-component jet.
  • a further extension of the acceleration section over a length of 120 calibars leads to a reduction in the speed of the abrasive due to the friction on the running walls.
  • the 30-120 run caliber stretch is an optimum path in terms of total disperse phase kinetic energy that determines specific abrasive consumption and processing efficiency.
  • Equipping the doser with the vibrator causes vibration, which weakens the frictional forces between the abrasive particles and increases the supply of abrasive to the ejector.
  • the movement of the runners horizontally and vertically is ensured by the arrangement of the plates at acute angles, so that a three-dimensional vibration is generated.
  • the attachment of the activator in the upper part of the bulk material neck makes it possible to soften lumps and to prevent the supply of abrasives when vibration is switched off.
  • the ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase of 0.7-0.9 is optimal ( Fig. 3 ). With the ratio above 0.9, the abrasive speed decreases, which determines a quadratic dependence of the kinetic energy and ultimately the performance.
  • the other graphics ( Fig. 4-9 ) give optimal values for following parameters: an optimal amount of abrasive is obtained by the acoustic effect and vibration with the vibration frequency of the doser of 500-1000 Hz and the amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm; the two-component jet (tool) is steered to the surface to be treated at an angle of 15-45 ° and at intervals of 35-95 running calibers; the cross section of the tangential channel is max. 0.5 barrel and the barrel 0.8-0.9 barrel caliber.

Abstract

The invention relates to gas-abrasive processing and can be used for cleaning building structures and technological equipment with the aid of a two-component jet. Said jet is formed by acoustical action, oscillation of a material socket and by increasing a pressure difference at gas input and the output thereof. The inventive method consists in accelerating abrasive particles by an accelerator in a channel whose length ranges from 30 to 120 diameters thereof and in directing said particles at an angle of 15-45° with respect to a processed surface at a distance from the nozzle ranging from 35 to 95 diameters. A desired ratio between dispersed and dispersing media is maintained with the aid of a self-adjusting pneumatic system by increasing oscillation and reducing gas-flow rate in the jet supplied to the material socket. The inventive device for carrying out said method for bead-blasting processing comprises a nozzle, a reservoir provided with a dosing unit which are connected to each other by a transport pipe and to a pressure gas source by means of a gas conduit. Said nozzle is embodied in the form of a channel whose length ranges from 30 to 120 diameters thereof. Said dosing unit comprises a wideband acoustical oscillator, a multi-circuit vibration exciter provided with an ejector, an activator and a centrifugal moisture separator.

Description

Die Erfindung gehört zum Bereich gasstrahlschleifender Behandlung und kann bei der Reinigung (Beseitigung von Korrosion und Schmutz) von Brücken, Behältern, Schiffen, Eisenbahnwagen, Kraftfahrzeugen, Baukonstruktionen und technologischen Ausrüstungen sowie zur Rauheitsveränderung, zur Verbesserung von Dekorativeigenschaften unterschiedlicher Oberflächen eingesetzt werden.The invention belongs to the field of gas jet grinding treatment and can be used in cleaning (removal of corrosion and dirt) of bridges, containers, ships, railway cars, automobiles, building structures and technological equipment, as well as roughness modification, to improve decorative properties of different surfaces.

Es sind Verfahren zur Werkstücksbearbeitung mit einem hochschnellen Zweikomponentenstrahl bekannt, dessen Dispersionsmedium Gas und dessen disperse Phase Schleifmittelteilchen sind. Die Verfahren umfassen das Einführen der dispersen Phase aus dem Druckbehälter in die Schüttgutleitung, das Mischen mit dem Dispersionsmedium, die Zufuhr zur Düse und die Beschleunigung des Schleifmittels durch Umwandlung des Gasdrucks in kinetische Energie sowie die Erzeugung eines hochschnellen Zweikomponentenstrahls, der als Werkzeug für die Behandlung der Werkstückoberschicht dient. Die Menge des Schleifmittels im hochschnellen Zweikomponentenstrahl wird durch den Durchgangsquerschnitt eines Dosierers geregelt, der zwischen dem Druckbehälter und der Schüttgutleitung angebracht ist, wobei der Druck im Druckbehälter und in der Schüttgutleitung gemessen wird (Patent US 5081799 . Diese technische Lösung lässt die Zufuhr des Schleifmittels in einem großen Bereich von 0,22 bis 4,5 kg (Patent US 5083402 ) zu. Der wesentliche Nachteil ist allerdings die Zufuhr des Schleifmittels direkt zur Schüttgutleitung. Eine geringe Geschwindigkeit der dispersen Phase und ein statischer Überdruck führen zu einem unstabilen Verhältnis der dispersen Phase und des Dispersionsmediums, zu einer niedrigen, kinetischen Viskosität und als Folge zu einer Verminderung der Wirksamkeit und Leistung der Behandlung.Methods are known for workpiece processing with a high-speed two-component jet whose dispersion medium is gas and whose disperse phase are abrasive particles. The methods include introducing the disperse phase from the pressure vessel into the bulk material line, mixing with the dispersion medium, feeding to the nozzle, and accelerating the abrasive by converting the gas pressure to kinetic energy and generating a high-speed, two-component jet as a tool for the treatment the workpiece top layer is used. The amount of the abrasive in the high-speed two-component jet is controlled by the passage cross-section of a metering device, which is between the pressure vessel and the bulk material line is mounted, wherein the pressure in the pressure vessel and in the bulk material line is measured (patent US 5081799 , This technical solution allows the supply of the abrasive in a wide range of 0.22 to 4.5 kg (Patent US 5083402 ) too. The main disadvantage, however, is the supply of the abrasive directly to the bulk material line. Low disperse phase velocity and static overpressure results in an unstable ratio of disperse phase and dispersion medium, low kinetic viscosity and, as a result, a reduction in efficacy and performance of the treatment.

Das bekannte Kugelstrahlverfahren wird in einem Apparat zur Strahlreinigung, Modell ASO-150 (Technische Spezifikation TS 5251-020-03082926-2002, Apparat zur Strahlreinigung, Modell ASO-150) verwendet. Dieses Kugelstrahlverfahren umfasst das Einführen von Gas zusammen mit einem Schleifmittel in einen Behälter, das Absperren des mit einer Verschlussklappe versehenen Beschickungshalses, die Erzeugung eines Drucks im Behälter, die Gaszufuhr zu einem Aufnahmestutzen, die Zufuhr der Schleifmittelteilchen im Selbstfluss aus dem Behälter über einen Dosierer zum Aufnahmestutzen und weiter über einen Schlauch zur Düse sowie die Erzeugung eines Zweikomponentenstrahls, der als Werkzeug zur Oberflächenbehandlung verwendet wird. Das Schleifmittel kommt aber infolge der Druckdifferenz am Einlauf und Auslauf des Dosierers pulsierend in den Aufnahmestutzen hinein. Ferner werden Düsen in geringen Längen von 80-115 mm eingesetzt, was nur zu einer geringen Umwandlung (3-5 %) des Gasdrucks in kinetische Energie der Schleifmittelteilchen führt. Infolgedessen sind diese Apparate durch eine niedrige Leistung (5-7 m2/h) und einen großen Schleifmittelverbrauch (60-90 kg/m2) gekennzeichnet.The known shot peening method is used in a blast cleaning apparatus, model ASO-150 (technical specification TS 5251-020-03082926-2002, blast cleaning apparatus, model ASO-150). This shot peening process involves introducing gas together with an abrasive into a container, shutting off the shutter necked throat, generating a pressure in the container, supplying gas to a nozzle, supplying the abrasive particles self-flowing from the container via a doser Via a hose to the nozzle and the generation of a two-component jet, which is used as a tool for surface treatment. The abrasive comes but due to the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the metering pulsating into the receiving socket. Furthermore, nozzles are used in small lengths of 80-115 mm, resulting in only a small conversion (3-5%) of gas pressure into kinetic energy of the abrasive particles. As a result, these machines are characterized by low power (5-7 m 2 / h) and high consumption of abrasive (60-90 kg / m 2 ).

Eine ähnliche technische Lösung stellt ein Verfahren dar, das in der Anlage zur Schleifbehandlung im Urheberzeugnis SU 1145575 beschrieben ist. Dieses Verfahren besteht in der Verwendung des Gasdrucks zur Verdrängung des Schleifmittels aus dem Behälter in eine Mischkammer und arbeitet ferner mit einer Zentral- und Radialöffnung der Beschickungsvorrichtung für die Schüttgutleitung. Diese Lösung sichert zwar eine stabilere Zufuhr des Schleifmittels, aber eine Verstopfung des Durchgangsquerschnittes des Dosierers wird nicht ausgeschlossen. Ferner bleibt die Geschwindigkeit der Gasströmung in der Mischkammer gering und sinkt im Bereich der Schleifmittelzufuhr ab, wodurch Pulsationen entstehen können.A similar technical solution is a method that is used in the apparatus for grinding in the copyright certificate SU 1145575 is described. This method consists in using the gas pressure to displace the abrasive from the container into a mixing chamber and further operating with a central and radial opening of the bulk material feeding device. Although this solution ensures a more stable supply of the abrasive, but one Blockage of the passage cross-section of the dosing device is not excluded. Furthermore, the velocity of the gas flow in the mixing chamber remains low and decreases in the area of the abrasive supply, which can cause pulsations.

Der wesentliche Nachteil ist der Arbeitsschritt, in dem die Zufuhrstärke des Schleifmittels durch Änderung des Durchgangsquerschnitts des Dosierers geregelt wird. Zudem sind Probleme, wie die Auswahl einer optimalen Beschleunigungsstrecke, die Erzeugung eines hochschnellen Zweikomponentenstrahls, ein Angriffswinkel und Abstand zur bearbeitenden Oberfläche, nicht gelöst.The main disadvantage is the operation, in which the supply strength of the abrasive is controlled by changing the passage cross-section of the metering. In addition, problems such as the selection of an optimal acceleration distance, the generation of a high-speed two-component beam, an angle of attack and distance to the surface to be machined are not solved.

Durch die US 4 067 150 A ist eine Sandstrahlschleivorrichtung bekannt, bei der Luft von einer Druckluftquelle dazu dient, dass ein Schleifmittelstrahl in einem Schleifmittelbehälter gebildet wird. Der Schleifmittelstrahl wird dabei von einem flexibel befestigten Kugelvibrator erzeugt. Die Luft dieser Druckluftquelle dient dazu, eine stetige Menge des Schleifmaterials anzusaugen und diese von einer Düse auszuspritzen.By the US 4 067 150 A For example, a sandblast grinder is known in which air from a source of pressurized air serves to form an abrasive jet in an abrasive container. The abrasive jet is generated by a flexibly mounted ball vibrator. The air from this compressed air source serves to suck in a steady amount of abrasive material and eject it from a nozzle.

Ferner ist durch die WO 96/353 389 A ein Druckspeisebehälter bekannt, der ein pulverförmiges Material in einem Strom aus Treibgas mitführt. Dieser Behälter weist einen Fülltrichter auf, der durch ein flexibles Glied im Behälter federnd aufgehängt ist. Ein Vibrator, beispielsweise ein Elektromotor mit einem exzentrischen Gewicht an der Motorwelle, rüttelt am unteren Ende des Fülltrichters. Die Vibrationskräfte des Vibrators werden vorzugsweise von einer flexiblen Membran auf den Fülltrichter übertragen. Der Fülltrichter wird damit ersten Vibrationskräften unterworfen, die mit einem Drehmoment von unten wirken, und zweiten Reaktionsvibrationskräften unterworfen, die mit einem Drehmoment von oben wirken. Dies führt dazu, dass das Pulvermaterial im Trichter zirkuliert und gründlich durchmischt wird. Insbesondere wird das Pulvermaterial durch eine Eingangsöffnung geleitet, über die das Pulvermaterial in den Treibgasstrom gerät. Die Pulvermaterialzirkulation verhindert auch ein Verstopfen der Eingangsöffnung und führt zu einer gleichmäßigeren Fließgeschwindigkeit. Dieser Druckspeisebehälter ist besonders für die Abgabe von Schleifpulver an ein manuell betätigtes Zahnwerkzeug zur Schleifbehandlung der Zähne von Lebewesen geeignet.Furthermore, by the WO 96/353 389 A a pressure feed container known to carry a powdered material in a stream of propellant gas. This container has a hopper which is resiliently suspended by a flexible member in the container. A vibrator, such as an electric motor with an eccentric weight on the motor shaft, shakes at the bottom of the hopper. The vibratory forces of the vibrator are preferably transmitted from a flexible membrane to the hopper. The hopper is thus subjected to first vibrational forces acting with a torque from below, and second reaction vibrational forces acting with a torque from above. This causes the powder material in the hopper to circulate and mix thoroughly. In particular, the powder material is passed through an inlet opening through which the powder material gets into the propellant gas stream. The circulation of powder material also prevents clogging of the inlet opening and results in a more uniform flow rate. This pressure feed container is particularly suitable for dispensing abrasive powder to a manually operated tooth tool for abrasive treatment of the teeth of living beings.

Die technische Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht in der Erhöhung der Leistung und Wirksamkeit der Kugelstrahlbehandlung aufgrund des Anstiegs der kinetischen Energie des Schleifmittels durch Umwandlung des statischen Gasdrucks und der Verlustreduzierung bei der Zerstörung der Oberschicht.The technical object of the invention is to increase the performance and efficiency of the shot peening treatment due to the increase of the kinetic energy of the abrasive by converting the static gas pressure and the loss reduction in the destruction of the top layer.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass der Zweikomponentenstrahl mittels einer akustischen Wirkung, einer Materialstutzenvibration und einer Erhöhung der Druckdifferenz des Gases im Einlauf und Auslauf erzeugt wird. Dabei wird das Schleifmittel über die Förderleitung in einem Beschleuniger auf einer Strecke mit einer Länge von 30-120 seines Kalibers beschleunigt und auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche unter einem Winkel von 15-450 im Abstand von 35-95 seines Kalibers gelenkt. Der Zweikomponentenstrahl wird mittels des Einführens eines Schleifmittels in den Gasstrom bis zu einem Verhältnis des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase von 0,7 bis 0,9 erzeugt. Die Zufuhr einer optimalen Menge des Schleifmittels wird durch eine akustische Wirkung und einer Vibration mit der Schwingungsfrequenz von 500-1000 Hz und einer Schwingungsamplitude von 0,3-0,7 mm gewährleistet. Das benötigte Verhältnis des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase wird durch ein selbstregulierendes, pneumatisches System gewährleistet, das die Vibration unter Verminderung des Gasverbrauchs im zum Materialstutzen zugeführten Strahl erhöht. Das System ist selbstregulierend, da sich die Vibration und akustische Wirkung mit der Verminderung der Gasmenge erhöhen, wodurch die Reibungskräfte zwischen den Schleifmittelteilchen geschwächt werden.This object is achieved in that the two-component jet is generated by means of an acoustic effect, a material neck vibration and an increase in the pressure difference of the gas in the inlet and outlet. In this case, the abrasive is accelerated via the feed line in an accelerator on a track with a length of 30-120 of its caliber and directed to the surface to be machined at an angle of 15-45 0 at a distance of 35-95 its caliber. The two-component jet is generated by introducing an abrasive into the gas stream to a ratio of dispersing medium to disperse phase of 0.7 to 0.9. The supply of an optimum amount of the abrasive is ensured by an acoustic effect and a vibration with the vibration frequency of 500-1000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm. The required ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase is ensured by a self-regulating pneumatic system which increases the vibration while reducing the gas consumption in the jet supplied to the material nozzle. The system is self-regulating, since the vibration and the acoustic effect increase with the reduction of the amount of gas, whereby the frictional forces between the abrasive particles are weakened.

Zur Durchführung des Kugelstrahlverfahrens gemäß der Erfindung ist ein Tari-Apparat (im weiteren Apparat genannt) entwickelt worden, der eine Düse und einen Behälter mit einem Dosierer enthält, die über Förder- und Gasleitungen als Druckgasquelle miteinander verbunden sind. Die Düse weist eine Länge von 30-120 Kaliber auf, und der Dosierer ist mit einem akustischen Breitbandgenerator, einem Vibrationserreger mit Mehrkreisejektor, einem Aktivator und einer Zentrifugalwasserabscheider versehen. Der Vibrationserreger weist unter einem spitzen Winkel angeordnete Teller, Läufer unterschiedlichen Gewichts, Tangenzial- und Radialstutzen zur Gaszufuhr sowie einen Ejektor auf, der von oben nach unten unter dem Materialstutzen zum Schleifmittelausbringen aus dem Hohlraum des Aktivators angeordnet ist. Der Aktivator hat die Form einer Hülse mit Wandaussparungen zum Durchlassen der Schleifmittelteilchen und mit einem Kanal zum Gasausbringen aus einem durch das Gehäuse laufenden T-Stück. Die Läufer des Vibrationserregers werden in der Form von Kugeln ausgeführt. Die größere Kugel hat einen Durchmesser von 2,3-2,4 des Kalibers, die kleinere Kugel einen Durchmesser von 0,9-1,0. Die Durchmesser der Zwischenkugeln verändern sich in abnehmender Abhängigkeit. Der Tangentialstutzen hat die Form einer Überschalldüse mit einem Querschnitt von 0,95-0,98 des Kalibers. Der Aktivator hat zur Gaszufuhr einen Tangentialkanal und eine Wirbelkammer in seinem Boden, wobei der Querschnitt des Tangentialkanals max. 0,5 Kaliber und der des Schüttgutstutzens 0,8-0,9 Kaliber beträgt.To carry out the shot peening method according to the invention, a Tari apparatus (hereafter referred to as apparatus) has been developed, which comprises a nozzle and a container with a metering device, which are connected to one another via conveying and gas lines as compressed gas source. The nozzle has a length of 30-120 caliber, and the doser is equipped with a broadband acoustic generator, a multi-orbiting vibrator, an activator and a centrifugal water separator. The vibration generator has at an acute angle arranged plates, runners of different weights, Tangenzial- and radial nozzle for gas supply and an ejector, which is arranged from top to bottom under the material nozzle for abrasive dispensing from the cavity of the activator. The activator is in the form of a sleeve with wall recesses for passing the abrasive particles and with a channel for evacuating gas from a T-piece passing through the housing. The runners of the vibration exciter are carried out in the form of balls. The larger ball has a diameter of 2.3-2.4 of the caliber, the smaller ball has a diameter of 0.9-1.0. The diameters of the intermediate balls change in decreasing dependence. The Tangentialstutzen has the form of a supersonic nozzle with a cross section of 0.95-0.98 of the caliber. The activator has to gas supply a tangential and a vortex chamber in its bottom, the cross section of the tangential channel max. 0.5 caliber and the bulk material neck is 0.8-0.9 caliber.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
eine schematische Schnittdarstellung des Apparats gemäß der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit des spezifischen Schleifmittelverbrauchs vom Verhältnis der Länge zum Kaliber,
Fig. 3
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung vom Mengenverhältnis des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase,
Fig. 4
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung von der Schwingungsfrequenz,
Fig. 5
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung von der Schwingungsamplitude,
Fig. 6
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung vom Angriffswinkel,
Fig. 7
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung vom Abstand zwischen der Düse und der zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche,
Fig. 8
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung vom Verhältnis des Tangentialkanal-Querschnitts zum Laufkaliber und
Fig. 9
ein Schaubild zur Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Leistung vom Verhältnis des Materialstutzen-Querschnitts zum Laufkaliber.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Fig.1
a schematic sectional view of the apparatus according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a graph showing the dependence of the specific abrasive consumption on the ratio of the length to the caliber,
Fig. 3
a graph showing the dependence of the power of the ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase,
Fig. 4
a graph showing the dependence of the power of the oscillation frequency,
Fig. 5
a graph showing the dependence of the power of the vibration amplitude,
Fig. 6
a diagram showing the dependence of the power on the angle of attack,
Fig. 7
a graph showing the dependence of the power of the distance between the nozzle and the surface to be machined,
Fig. 8
a graph showing the dependence of the power on the ratio of the tangential channel cross section to the running caliber and
Fig. 9
a diagram showing the dependence of the power on the ratio of the material spigot cross-section to the running caliber.

Die Tabellen 1 und 2 zeigen die Schwingungsfrequenz und die Schallstärke bei einer Änderung der Läuferdurchmesser, ihrer Lage und des Verhältnisses des kritischen Düsenwerts (der engste Querschnitt der Düse) zum Laufkaliber.Tables 1 and 2 show the vibration frequency and the sound intensity with a change in the rotor diameter, their position and the ratio of the critical nozzle value (the narrowest cross section of the nozzle) to the running caliber.

Der Apparat enthält eine Düse 1, die an einen Dosierer 2 eines Behälters 3 mit einer Schüttgutleitung 4 angeschlossen ist. Der Dosierer 2 ist mit einer Druckgasquelle, z.B. Luft, über einen Tangentialstutzen 5 in Form einer Überschalldüse mit einem Ventil 6 und einem Radialstutzen 7 mit einem Ventil 8 verbunden. Der Behälter 3 ist mit einem T-Stück 9 über ein Ventil 10 verbunden. Die Düse 1 weist eine Länge von 30-120 des Laufkalibers auf. Der Dosierer 2 ist mit einem akustischen Breitbandgenerator 11, einem Vibrationserreger 12 mit einem Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13, einem Aktivator 14, einem Materialstutzen 15 und einem Ejektor 16 versehen. Der Vibrationserreger 12 ist als Mehrkreiserreger mit unter spitzen Winkeln 18 angebrachten Tellern 17, Läufern 19, 20 und 21 in Form von Kugeln unterschiedlichen Gewichts, jeweils groß, mittel und klein, ausgebildet. Der Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13 weist einen Koaxialspalt 22, der in der Nähe des unteren Teils des Vibrationserregers 12 liegt, eine Ringtasche 23 zum Kondensatsammeln und einen Auslaufstutzen 24 mit hydraulischem Verschluss 25 auf. Der als Hülse mit Wandaussparungen 37 zum Durchlassen des Schleifmittels aus dem Behälter 3 gestaltete Aktivator 14 ist über dem Vibrationserreger 12 angeordnet und weist einen Kanal 26 im Boden zum Gasausbringen aus dem T-Stück 9 durch das Gehäuse 27 in Hohlräume 28 auf. Der Materialstutzen 15 verbindet die Hohlräume 28 des Aktivators 14 und des Ejektors 16 und ist an der Achse des Dosierers 2 angeordnet. Der im Boden des Dosierers 2 mit einem Ringspalt 29 angeordnete Ejektor 16 ist von oben nach unten vom Materialstutzen 15 zur Schüttgutleitung 4 gerichtet. Der Behälter 3 hat ein Rüttelsieb 30 und einen Trichter 31 zum Beschicken, der mit einer Verschlussklappe 32 versehen ist, die an einem Oberstutzen 33 des T-Stückes 9 angeordnet ist. Neben dem Trichter 31 ist ein Auslassstutzen 34 mit einem Ventil 35 angeordnet. Die Läufer haben dabei die Form von Kugeln mit einem größten Durchmesser 19 von 2,3-2,4 des Laufkalibers , einem kleineren Durchmesser 21 von) 0,9-1,0 und einem mittleren Durchmesser 20 von 1,6-1,7 des Laufkalibers 1; d. h., dass sich die Durchmesser von oben nach unten in absteigender Abhängigkeit verändern. Der Tangentialstutzen 5 hat die Form einer Überschalldüse mit einem kritischen Querschnittswert von 0,95-0,98 des Laufkalibers 1. Der Aktivator 14 ist mit einer Wirbelkammer 36 und einem Tangentialkanal 26 zur Gaszufuhr aus dem T-Stück 9 über das Gehäuse 27 versehen. Der Querschnitt des Tangentialkanals 26 beträgt max. 0,5 des Laufkalibers 1. Der Stutzenquerschnitt 15 liegt zwischen 0,8 und 0,9 des Laufkalibers 1.The apparatus includes a nozzle 1, which is connected to a metering device 2 of a container 3 with a bulk material line 4. The metering device 2 is connected to a compressed gas source, eg air, via a tangential connection 5 in the form of a supersonic nozzle with a valve 6 and a radial connection 7 with a valve 8. The container 3 is connected to a tee 9 via a valve 10. The nozzle 1 has a length of 30-120 of the running caliber. The doser 2 is with an acoustic Broadband generator 11, a vibration generator 12 with a Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13, an activator 14, a material nozzle 15 and an ejector 16 is provided. The vibration exciter 12 is designed as a multi-circuit exciter with under acute angles 18 mounted plates 17, runners 19, 20 and 21 in the form of spheres of different weight, each large, medium and small. The Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13 has a Koaxialspalt 22, which is located in the vicinity of the lower part of the vibration exciter 12, a ring pocket 23 for condensate collecting and a discharge nozzle 24 with hydraulic closure 25. The designed as a sleeve with wall recesses 37 for passing the abrasive from the container 3 activator 14 is disposed above the vibration exciter 12 and has a channel 26 in the bottom for gas discharge from the T-piece 9 through the housing 27 in cavities 28. The material nozzle 15 connects the cavities 28 of the activator 14 and the ejector 16 and is arranged on the axis of the metering device 2. The arranged in the bottom of the metering 2 with an annular gap 29 ejector 16 is directed from top to bottom of the material nozzle 15 to the bulk material 4. The container 3 has a vibrating screen 30 and a hopper 31 for feeding, which is provided with a closure flap 32 which is arranged on a top nozzle 33 of the tee 9. In addition to the funnel 31, an outlet 34 is arranged with a valve 35. The runners have the shape of balls with a largest diameter 19 of 2.3-2.4 of the running caliber, a smaller diameter 21 of) 0.9-1.0 and a mean diameter 20 of 1.6-1.7 the running caliber 1; that is, the diameters change from top to bottom in decreasing dependence. The Tangentialstutzen 5 has the form of a supersonic nozzle with a critical cross-sectional value of 0.95-0.98 of the Laufkalibers 1. The activator 14 is provided with a swirl chamber 36 and a Tangentialkanal 26 for supplying gas from the T-piece 9 via the housing 27. The cross section of the tangential channel 26 is max. 0.5 of the running caliber 1. The nozzle cross-section 15 is between 0.8 and 0.9 of the running caliber. 1

Der Apparat arbeitet in folgender Weise. Der Behälter 3 wird mit dem Schleifmittel über das Rüttelsieb 30 und den Trichter 31 befüllt, beispielsweise mit grünem Siliziumkarbid mit einer Korngröße von 500 (0,476-0,510 mm) nach der GOST-Norm 26327-83. Dazu wird das Ventil 10 zugedreht, das Ventil 35 aufgedreht, das Druckgas aus dem Behälter 3 über den Auslassstutzen 34 ausgelassen und die Verschlussklappe 32 heruntergedrückt. Der hydraulische Verschluss 25 wird geöffnet, das Ventil 8 zugedreht, das Ventil 6 ein wenig aufgedreht und das Druckgas dem Tangentialstutzen 5 und dem Vibrationserreger 12 zugeführt. Das Druckgas wirbelt unter der Zentrifugalkraft auf und drückt sich an die Wand des Vibrationserregers 12. Indem die Gasströmung die Läufer 19, 20 und 21 unter der aerodynamischen Kraft beschleunigt, wird sie erst expandiert und dann auf dem Wege über den Zentrifugalwasserabscheider 13 und den Ejektor 16 komprimiert. Beim Durchlauf durch den Ejektor 16 steigt die Aufwirbelgeschwindigkeit der Gasströmung von der Peripherie zur Achse des Vibrationserregers 12 mit der Radiusminderung an, d. h., dass der statische Überdruck in einen Staudruck übergeht. Der Druck fällt unter den atmosphärischen Druck. Unter der Druckdifferenz wird das Schleifmittel durch die Aussparungen 37 und die Staubluft aus dem Trichter 31 über den Oberstutzen 33 des T-Stückes 9, über den Kanal 26 im Boden des Aktivators 14 und über den Holraum 28 in den Stutzen 15 und weiter zum Ejektor 16 und zum Ringspalt 29 gefördert, wo der zentrale Zwangswirbel unter Reibungskraft erzeugt wird; dann fließt das Schleifmittel mit der Staubluft über die Schüttgutleitung 4 und den Lauf 1 aus. Die Rotation der Läufer 19, 20 und 21 erzeugt eine Vibration, die das Rüttelsieb 30 über den Behälter 3 und den Trichter 31 betätigt, so dass die Beschickungsqualität und die -geschwindigkeit des Schleifmittels erhöht werden. Die Frequenz von einigen Hz bis 2 kHz und die Schwingungsamplitude von 0,3-0,7 mm werden durch Änderung der Druckgasmenge mittels des Ventils 6 stufenlos eingestellt. Dabei wird der Lauf 1 auf die Oberfläche gelenkt, die gleichzeitig mit der Beschickung vorbehandelt wird.The apparatus works in the following way. The container 3 is filled with the abrasive via the vibrating screen 30 and the hopper 31, for example, with green silicon carbide having a grain size of 500 (0.476-0.510 mm) according to the GOST standard 26327-83. For this purpose, the valve 10 is turned off, the valve 35 is turned on, the pressurized gas is discharged from the container 3 via the outlet port 34 and the closure flap 32 is depressed. The hydraulic shutter 25 is opened, the valve 8 is turned off, the valve 6 is turned up a little and the compressed gas is supplied to the tangential nozzle 5 and the vibration generator 12. The pressurized gas swirls under the centrifugal force and presses against the wall of the vibration exciter 12. By accelerating the runners 19, 20 and 21 under the aerodynamic force, the gas flow is first expanded and then via the centrifugal water separator 13 and the ejector 16 compressed. As it passes through the ejector 16, the rate of fluidization of the gas flow from the periphery to the axis of the vibratory exciter 12 increases with the reduction in radius, that is, the static pressure changes to a dynamic pressure. The pressure drops below the atmospheric pressure. Under the pressure difference, the abrasive through the recesses 37 and the waste air from the hopper 31 via the upper stub 33 of the T-piece 9, through the channel 26 in the bottom of the activator 14 and the hollows 28 in the socket 15 and on to the ejector 16th and conveyed to the annular gap 29, where the central forced swirl is generated under frictional force; then the abrasive flows with the dust from the discharge line 4 and the barrel 1. The rotation of the runners 19, 20 and 21 generates a vibration which operates the vibrating screen 30 via the container 3 and the hopper 31, so that the charging quality and the speed of the abrasive are increased. The frequency of a few Hz to 2 kHz and the oscillation amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm are continuously adjusted by changing the amount of compressed gas by means of the valve 6. The run 1 is directed to the surface, which is pretreated simultaneously with the feed.

Die Beschickung endet nach der Befüllung des Behälters 3 bis zur Verschlussklappe 32. Das Kugelstrahlen wird in folgender Weise fortgesetzt. Der Lauf 1 wird im Abstand von 35-39 Laufkalibern auf die Oberfläche gelenkt, die mit dem Zweikomponentenstrahl unter dem Winkel von 15-45° behandelt wird, wobei das Mengenverhältnis der dispersen Phase zum Dispersionsmedium zwischen 0,7 und 0,9 eingestellt wird. Dazu wird der Ventil 35 zugedreht, so dass das Auslassen des Druckgases über den Auslassstutzen 34 verhindert wird. Das Ventil 10 wird aufgedreht, und das Druckgas wird in den Behälter 3 über das T-Stück 9 eingeführt. Die Verschlussklappe 32 wird hinaufgedrückt und sperrt den Trichter 31 ab. Dann strömt das Druckgas aus dem durch das Gehäuse 27 laufenden T-Stück 9 über den Tangentialstutzen 26 in die Wirbelkammer 36. Das Gas füllt den Behälter 3 durch die Aussparungen 37 und lockert die zusammengeballten Schleifmittelteilchen auf. Nach der Gasbefüllung des Behälters 3 gelangt das Schleifmittel durch die Aussparungen 37 des Aktivators 14, das Schleifmittel wird mit der Gasströmung aus der Wirbelkammer 3 aufgefangen und in den Materialstutzen 15 des Dosierers 2 sowie in den Ejektor 16 mitgezogen, in dem es mit der Gasströmung gemischt und in die Rohrleitung 4 sowie weiter in den Lauf 1 eingeführt wird. Die Gaszufuhr durch den als Überschalldüse gestalteten Tangentialstutzen 5 an die Wand des akustischen Breitbandgenerators 11 erzeugt eine turbulente Grenzschicht, die zusammen mit den um die unter spitzen Winkeln 18 angebrachten Teller 17 rotierenden Läufern 19, 20 und 21 eine Schallquelle bildet, die auf das Schleifmittel im Behälter 3 wirkt.The feed ends after the filling of the container 3 to the closure flap 32. The shot peening is continued in the following manner. Run 1 is directed at a distance of 35-39 running calibers to the surface treated with the two-component jet at an angle of 15-45 °, with the ratio of the disperse phase to the dispersion medium being set between 0.7 and 0.9. For this purpose, the valve 35 is turned off, so that the omission of the Pressure gas is prevented via the outlet 34. The valve 10 is turned on, and the compressed gas is introduced into the container 3 via the tee 9. The shutter 32 is pushed up and locks the hopper 31 from. Then, the compressed gas flows from the T-piece 9 passing through the housing 27 via the tangential port 26 into the swirl chamber 36. The gas fills the container 3 through the recesses 37 and loosens up the agglomerated abrasive particles. After the gas filling of the container 3, the abrasive passes through the recesses 37 of the activator 14, the abrasive is collected with the gas flow from the vortex chamber 3 and entrained in the material nozzle 15 of the metering device 2 and in the ejector 16 in which it is mixed with the gas flow and is introduced into the pipe 4 and further into the barrel 1. The gas supply through the designed as a supersonic nozzle Tangentialstutzen 5 to the wall of the acoustic broadband generator 11 creates a turbulent boundary layer, which forms together with the mounted around the pointed angles 18 plate 17 rotors 19, 20 and 21, a sound source, which on the abrasive in Container 3 acts.

Das Schleifmittel wird im Lauf 1 mit der Länge von 30-120 Laufkalibern beschleunigt, und der Zweikomponentenstrahl wird unter dem Winkel von 15-450 und im Abstand zum Lauf von 35-95 Laufkalibern auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche gelenkt. Dabei wird der Zweikomponentenstrahl durch das Einführen des Schleifmittels in die Gasströmung in einem Mengenverhältnis, des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase von 0,7-0,9 erzeugt. Eine optimale Schleifmittelmenge wird durch die akustische Wirkung und Vibration mit einer Schwingungsfrequenz des Dosierers von 500-1000 Hz und einer Schwingungsamplitude von 0,3-0,7 mm gewährleistet. Das benötigte Mengenverhältnis des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase wird mit dem selbstregulierenden, pneumatischen System aufrechterhalten, wobei die Vibration unter Verminderung des Gasverbrauchs im zum Materialstutzen 15 zugeführten Strahl erhöht wird.The abrasive is accelerated in the barrel 1 with a length of 30-120 barrel caliber, and the two-component beam is directed at the angle of 15-45 0 and distance to the run of 35-95 run calibers to the surface to be machined. In this case, the two-component jet is generated by introducing the abrasive into the gas flow in an amount ratio of the dispersion medium to the dispersed phase of 0.7-0.9. An optimal amount of abrasive is ensured by the acoustic effect and vibration with a vibration frequency of the doser of 500-1000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm. The required ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase is maintained with the self-regulating pneumatic system, wherein the vibration is increased while reducing the gas consumption in the material nozzle 15 supplied beam.

Das Kugelstrahlen wird folgenderweise beendet. Der Ventil 10 wird zugedreht, und das Gaseinführen in das T-Stück 9 und das Gehäuse 27 wird gestoppt. Das Ventil 6 wird zugedreht, womit die akustische Wirkung und die Vibration des Materialstutzens 15 gestoppt werden. Das Ventil 8 des Radialstutzens 7 und der hydraulische Verschluss 25 für den Auslauf des Kondensats aus der Ringtasche 23 des Dosierers 2 über den Koaxialspalt 22 und den Auslaufstutzen 24 werden aufgedreht; dabei wird der Druck im Lauf 1 über die Schüttgutleitung 4 vermindert. Das Ventil 35 wird aufgedreht, das Druckgas wird über den Auslassstutzen 4 aus dem Behälter 3 herausgelassen, und die Verschlussklappe 32 wird niedergedrückt.The shot peening is finished as follows. The valve 10 is turned off, and the gas introduction into the T-piece 9 and the housing 27 is stopped. The valve 6 is turned off, bringing the acoustic effect and the vibration of the material nozzle 15 are stopped. The valve 8 of the Radial nozzle 7 and the hydraulic closure 25 for the outlet of the condensate from the ring pocket 23 of the metering device 2 via the coaxial gap 22 and the outlet nozzle 24 are turned on; while the pressure in the barrel 1 via the bulk material line 4 is reduced. The valve 35 is turned on, the pressurized gas is discharged from the container 3 via the outlet port 4, and the shutter 32 is depressed.

Der Apparat gemäß der Erfindung hat dank der Konstruktions- und technischen Lösungen eine hohe Wirkung und erweitert die Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Der entwickelte Dosierer ist langlebig, sicher und kompakt. Der Beschleuniger in Form eines Laufs mit einer Länge von 30-120 Laufkalibern ermöglicht, eine maximale kinetische Energie des Dispersionsmediums zu erhalten. Die Wirkung des Zweikomponentenstrahls auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche im vorgegebenen Abstand und unter einem vorgegebenen Winkel ermöglicht, die höchste Leistung bei hoher Homogenität und benötigter Rauheit zu erzielen. Die Bewertung des Kugelstrahlens nach der GOST-Norm 9.402-80 und der ISO 8501-1/1988 bestätigt die Übereinstimmung der Eigenschaften der bearbeiteten Oberfläche mit der höchsten Qualität, dem Reinigungsgrad 1 und der Klasse Sa3.The apparatus according to the invention, thanks to the design and technical solutions has a high impact and extends the application possibilities. The developed dispenser is durable, safe and compact. The accelerator in the form of a barrel with a length of 30-120 barrel calibers makes it possible to obtain a maximum kinetic energy of the dispersion medium. The effect of the two-component beam on the surface to be machined at a predetermined distance and at a predetermined angle allows to achieve the highest performance with high homogeneity and required roughness. The evaluation of the shot peening according to the GOST standard 9.402-80 and the ISO 8501-1 / 1988 confirms the conformity of the characteristics of the machined surface with the highest quality, the degree of cleaning 1 and the class Sa3.

Der Lauf mit der Länge von 30-120 Laufkalibern, die größeren, mittleren und kleineren Läufer, die Überschalldüse, der Tangentialkanal mit dem vorgegebenen Querschnitt, dem Laufkaliber von 2,3-2,4, 1,6-1,7, 0,9-1,0, 0,95-0,96, ≤0,5, 0,8-0,9 entsprechend, sind optimal. Mit der Abweichung von den vorgegebenen Werten sinkt die Leistung des Apparats. Das optimale Mengenverhältnis des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase liegt zwischen 0,7 und 0,9. Die benötigte Schleifmittelmenge wird unter der akustischen Wirkung und der Vibration mit einer Schwingungsfrequenz von 500-1000 Hz und einer Schwingungsamplitude von 0,2-0,7 mm zugeführt. Der Zweikomponentenstrahl wird auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche unter dem Winkel von 15-450 und im Abstand zum Lauf zwischen 35 und 95 Laufkalibern gelenkt.The barrel with the length of 30-120 calibers, the larger, medium and smaller barrels, the supersonic nozzle, the tangential channel with the given cross-section, the barrel caliber of 2,3-2,4, 1,6-1,7, 0, 9-1.0, 0.95-0.96, ≤0.5, 0.8-0.9 respectively, are optimal. Deviation from the given values decreases the performance of the apparatus. The optimum ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase is between 0.7 and 0.9. The required amount of abrasive is supplied under the acoustic effect and the vibration with a vibration frequency of 500-1000 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0.2-0.7 mm. The two-component beam is directed onto the surface to be processed at the angle of 15-45 0 to the barrel and spaced 35-95 barrel calibres.

Die empirischen Abhängigkeiten werden mit Annäherungsverfahren der Optimalwerte und durch Ermittlung des Abweichungseinflusses einer der Kennziffern auf die Grundkennwerte bestimmt.The empirical dependencies are determined by approximation of the optimum values and by determining the deviation influence of one of the indicators on the basic parameters.

Das Kugelstrahlen wurde mittels Läufen mit Kalibern von 4-16 mm und einem Druck von 0,6 MPa durchgeführt. Die Wirksamkeit wurde durch einen spezifischen Schleifmittelverbrauch pro 1 m2 der bearbeiteten Oberfläche ermittelt. Die Leistung wurde bei der Oberflächenbehandlung nach Sa2 gemessen. Erfahrungsgemäß wurde festgestellt, dass die besten technologischen Ergebnisse bei einer Beschleunigung des Schleifmittels im Beschleuniger bei einer Länge von 30-120 Laufkalibern erhalten werden (Fig.2). Auf der Strecke von 10-20 Laufkalibern lang sinkt der spezifische Schleifmittelverbrauch und hat sein Minimum an der Grenze der Strecke von 30-120 Laufkalibern lang, dies kann durch die intensive Umwandlung der Druckgasenergie in kinetische Energie des Zweikomponentenstrahls erklärt werden. Eine weitere Verlängerung der Beschleunigungsstrecke über eine Länge von 120 Laufkalibern hinaus führt zu einer Verminderung der Schleifmittelgeschwindigkeit wegen der Reibung an den Laufwänden. Somit ist die Strecke mit einer Länge von 30-120 Laufkalibern eine optimale Strecke hinsichtlich der kinetischen Gesamtenergie der dispersen Phase, die den spezifischen Schleifmittelverbrauch und die Wirksamkeit der Bearbeitung bestimmt. Die Ausrüstung des Dosierers mit dem Vibrationserreger lässt Vibrationen entstehen, wodurch die Reibungskräfte zwischen den Schleifmittelteilchen geschwächt werden und die Schleifmittelzufuhr zum Ejektor erhöht wird. Die Bewegung der Läufer horizontal und vertikal wird durch die Anordnung der Teller unter spitzen Winkeln gewährleistet, so dass eine dreidimensionale Vibration erzeugt wird. Die Anbringung des Aktivators im oberen Teil des Schüttgutstutzens ermöglicht, Klumpen zu erweichen und die Schleifmittelzufuhr bei abgeschalteter Vibration zu verhindern.The shot peening was carried out by means of runs with calibers of 4-16 mm and a pressure of 0.6 MPa. The effectiveness was determined by a specific abrasive consumption per 1 m 2 of the machined surface. The performance was measured at the surface treatment after Sa2. Experience has shown that the best technological results are achieved with an acceleration of the abrasive in the accelerator with a length of 30-120 running calibres ( Fig.2 ). Over the course of 10-20 running calibres, the specific abrasive consumption decreases and has its minimum at the limit of the range of 30-120 running calibers, this can be explained by the intensive conversion of the pressurized gas energy into kinetic energy of the two-component jet. A further extension of the acceleration section over a length of 120 calibars leads to a reduction in the speed of the abrasive due to the friction on the running walls. Thus, the 30-120 run caliber stretch is an optimum path in terms of total disperse phase kinetic energy that determines specific abrasive consumption and processing efficiency. Equipping the doser with the vibrator causes vibration, which weakens the frictional forces between the abrasive particles and increases the supply of abrasive to the ejector. The movement of the runners horizontally and vertically is ensured by the arrangement of the plates at acute angles, so that a three-dimensional vibration is generated. The attachment of the activator in the upper part of the bulk material neck makes it possible to soften lumps and to prevent the supply of abrasives when vibration is switched off.

Das Mengenverhältnis des Dispersionsmediums zur dispersen Phase von 0,7- 0,9 ist optimal (Fig. 3). Beim Verhältnis über 0,9 sinkt die Schleifmittelgeschwindigkeit, die eine quadratische Abhängigkeit der kinetischen Energie und letzten Endes die Leistung bestimmt. Die anderen Grafiken (Fig. 4-9) geben optimale Werte für folgende Parameter an: eine optimale Schleifmittelmenge wird durch die akustische Wirkung und Vibration mit der Schwingungsfrequenz des Dosierers von 500-1000 Hz und der Amplitude von 0,3-0,7 mm erhalten; der Zweikomponentenstrahl (Werkzeug) wird auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche unter dem Winkel von 15-45° und im Abstand von 35-95 Laufkalibern gelenkt; der Querschnitt des Tangentialkanals ist max. 0,5 Laufkaliber und der des Stutzens 0,8-0,9 Laufkaliber.The ratio of the dispersion medium to the disperse phase of 0.7-0.9 is optimal ( Fig. 3 ). With the ratio above 0.9, the abrasive speed decreases, which determines a quadratic dependence of the kinetic energy and ultimately the performance. The other graphics ( Fig. 4-9 ) give optimal values for following parameters: an optimal amount of abrasive is obtained by the acoustic effect and vibration with the vibration frequency of the doser of 500-1000 Hz and the amplitude of 0.3-0.7 mm; the two-component jet (tool) is steered to the surface to be treated at an angle of 15-45 ° and at intervals of 35-95 running calibers; the cross section of the tangential channel is max. 0.5 barrel and the barrel 0.8-0.9 barrel caliber.

In der Tabelle 1 und 2 sind Daten gegeben, die bestätigen, dass die Läufer in Form von Kugeln ausgeführt werden sollen; dabei ist der größte Durchmesser 2,3-2,4 Laufkaliber, der kleinste 0,9-1,0 Laufkaliber, und die mittleren Durchmesser ändern sich in absteigender Abhängigkeit. Der Tangentialstutzen soll die Form einer Überschalldüse mit einem Querschnitt von 0,95-0,98 Laufkalibern aufweisen.In Table 1 and 2 are given data confirming that the runners are to be executed in the form of balls; while the largest diameter is 2.3-2.4 barrel caliber, the smallest 0.9-1.0 barrel caliber, and the mean diameters change in descending dependence. The Tangentialstutzen should have the form of a supersonic nozzle with a cross section of 0.95-0.98 running calibers.

Diese technologischen Abläufe und ihre optimalen Werte werden im Apparat realisiert, in dem die o.g. Baueinheiten und konstruktive Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden, was den Schleifmittelverbrauch pro Einheit der bearbeiteten Oberfläche wesentlich vermindern und die Leistung wesentlich erhöhen lässt.These technological processes and their optimal values are realized in the apparatus, in which the above-mentioned structural units and constructional properties are used, which substantially reduce the consumption of abrasive per unit of the machined surface and substantially increases the performance.

Einfluss der Abmessungen und Lage von Läufern auf die Leistung Tabelle 1 Lfd. Nr. dLäufer: Laufkaliber Lage Schwingungsfrequenz Hz Leistung m2/h 1 2 3 oben mittel unten 1 0,5 1,0 1,5 1 2 3 1580 37 2 0,6 1,2 1,8 2 3 1 1200 41 3 0,7 1,4 2,1 3 2 1 1150 49 4 0,7 1,4 2,1 3 1 2 1220 48 5 0,7 1,4 2,1 2 3 1 1330 44 6 0,8 1,6 2,4 3 2 1 960 60 7 0,9 1,6 2,3 3 2 1 730 63 8 1,0 1,7 2,4 3 2 1 980 64 9 1,0 1,7 2,4 3 1 2 1200 58 10 1,0 1,7 2,4 2 3 1 1100 49 11 1,2 2,0 2,6 3 2 1 460 59 12 1,5 2,5 3,0 3 2 1 440 56 Influence of the dimensions and position of runners on the performance <u> Table 1 </ u> Ser. No. d runners : running caliber location Oscillation frequency Hz Power m 2 / h 1 2 3 above medium below 1 0.5 1.0 1.5 1 2 3 1580 37 2 0.6 1.2 1.8 2 3 1 1200 41 3 0.7 1.4 2.1 3 2 1 1150 49 4 0.7 1.4 2.1 3 1 2 1220 48 5 0.7 1.4 2.1 2 3 1 1330 44 6 0.8 1.6 2.4 3 2 1 960 60 7 0.9 1.6 2.3 3 2 1 730 63 8th 1.0 1.7 2.4 3 2 1 980 64 9 1.0 1.7 2.4 3 1 2 1200 58 10 1.0 1.7 2.4 2 3 1 1100 49 11 1.2 2.0 2.6 3 2 1 460 59 12 1.5 2.5 3.0 3 2 1 440 56

Einfluss des kritischen Wertes der Überschalldüse auf die Leistung Tabelle 2 Lfd. Nr. dkritischer Wert:Laufkaliber Schwingungsfrequenz Hz Schallsignal Leistung m2/h 1 0,80 760 30 48 2 0,90 800 34 57 3 0,95 990 36 64 4 0,98 950 37 65 5 1,02 570 28 61 6 1,15 420 25 59 7 1,25 400 19 58 Influence of the critical value of the supersonic nozzle on the performance <u> Table 2 </ u> Ser. No. d critical value : running caliber Oscillation frequency Hz sound signal Power m 2 / h 1 0.80 760 30 48 2 0.90 800 34 57 3 0.95 990 36 64 4 0.98 950 37 65 5 1.02 570 28 61 6 1.15 420 25 59 7 1.25 400 19 58

Claims (8)

  1. Method for shot blasting including the destruction and removal of the top layer of the object to be shot blasted, with a grinding air jet comprising abrasive material dispersed in air, wherein the grinding air jet flows out of a reservoir in a self-flowing manner under gravity via a connecting piece, a dosing unit, a conveying line and a nozzle in the form of a channel, wherein the grinding air jet is generated acoustically, namely by vibration of a material connecting piece, and by acceleration in an ejector, characterised in that the abrasive particles are accelerated in a channel whose length ranges from 30 -120 diameters thereof and are directed at an angle of 15 - 45° onto the surface to be processed at a spacing of 35-95 diameters thereof.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the optimum quantity is supplied under the acoustic effect and vibration at an oscillating frequency in the dosing unit of 500 -1000 Hz and an amplitude of 03 - 0.7 mm.
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that a pneumatic, self-adjusting system guarantees the required quantitative proportion of abrasive and air, wherein the vibration is increased whilst at the same time reducing the air consumption in the Jet supplied to the connecting piece.
  4. Device for shot blasting with steel balls, the said device comprising a nozzle (1) and a reservoir (3) with a dosing unit (2), which are connected to each other by means of a conveying line (4) and to a compressed air source and an air line, characterised in that the nozzle is in the form of a course with a length of 30-120 diameters thereof and in that the dosing unit comprises an acoustic wideband generator (11), a vibration exciter (12) with a multiple circuit ejector (16), an activator (14) and a centrifugal water separator (13), wherein the vibration exciter (12) is provided with plates (17) that are disposed at acute angles, with rotors (19, 20, 21) of different weight, a tangential connecting piece (5) and a radial connecting piece (7) for the supply of air and with an ejector (16) from top to bottom, and disposed under a material connecting piece (15) for the supply of the abrasive, the said ejector having the form of a sleeve (37) with wall recesses for allowing through the abrasive particles and a channel for introducing air out of a T-piece (9) guided through a housing (27) of the device.
  5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the rotors are in the form of balls, wherein the largest diameter is 2.3 - 2.4 diameters thereof and the smallest diameter is 0.9 - 1.0 diameters thereof and the diameters of intermediate balls alter in descending dependence.
  6. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the tangential connecting piece (5) is in the form of a supersonic nozzle with a cross-section of 0.95 - 0.98 diameters thereof.
  7. Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the activator (14) has a tangential channel (26) and a turbulence chamber (36) in the base for supplying air.
  8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that the cross-section of the tangential channel (5) is max. 0.5 diameters thereof (Figure 9) and the cross-section of the material connecting piece (15) is 0.8-0.9 diameters thereof.
EP04733217A 2003-05-15 2004-05-14 Method for bead-blasting processing and device for carrying out said method Not-in-force EP1652621B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2003114112/02A RU2248871C2 (en) 2003-05-15 2003-05-15 Shot blasting method and apparatus "tari" for performing the same
PCT/RU2004/000185 WO2004101224A1 (en) 2003-05-15 2004-05-14 Method for bead-blasting processing and device for carrying out said method

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EP1652621A1 EP1652621A1 (en) 2006-05-03
EP1652621A4 EP1652621A4 (en) 2007-03-28
EP1652621B1 true EP1652621B1 (en) 2008-12-31

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AT (1) ATE419092T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004008784D1 (en)
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US20190321942A1 (en) * 2018-04-24 2019-10-24 Cold Jet, Llc Particle blast apparatus
RU210050U1 (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-25 Акционерное общество "Национальный центр вертолетостроения им. М.Л. Миля и Н.И. Камова" (АО "НЦВ Миль и Камов") DEVICE FOR LOCAL HARDENING

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4067150A (en) * 1975-11-03 1978-01-10 Argonite, Inc. Sandblast abrading apparatus
SU1650409A1 (en) * 1988-05-30 1991-05-23 Предприятие П/Я А-7555 Blaster
US5081799A (en) * 1990-04-06 1992-01-21 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Blasting apparatus
US5433653A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-07-18 Friess Equipment, Inc. Blasting apparatus, components thereof and related methods for use thereof
US5618177A (en) * 1995-05-08 1997-04-08 Dove Systems, Inc. Arrangement for feeding pressurized particulate material
US5556325A (en) * 1995-06-15 1996-09-17 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Pressurization system for abrasive supply pot

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EP1652621A1 (en) 2006-05-03
RU2248871C2 (en) 2005-03-27
DE502004008784D1 (en) 2009-02-12
EP1652621A4 (en) 2007-03-28
WO2004101224A8 (en) 2006-03-09
ATE419092T1 (en) 2009-01-15
WO2004101224A1 (en) 2004-11-25

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