EP1652599B1 - Process of upsetting a billet by hot working, method for preparing a billet to a forging operation according to said process and apparatus for carrying out said process - Google Patents
Process of upsetting a billet by hot working, method for preparing a billet to a forging operation according to said process and apparatus for carrying out said process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1652599B1 EP1652599B1 EP05110155A EP05110155A EP1652599B1 EP 1652599 B1 EP1652599 B1 EP 1652599B1 EP 05110155 A EP05110155 A EP 05110155A EP 05110155 A EP05110155 A EP 05110155A EP 1652599 B1 EP1652599 B1 EP 1652599B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slug
- housing
- billet
- upsetting
- punch
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100298225 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000754 repressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
Definitions
- the invention relates to a back-up process for roughing a metal billet, a method for preparing a billet to a forging operation according to the method and a device for implementing the method.
- Forged metal parts are generally obtained by forging slugs, or billets, which are rough blanks of semi-finished, generally bar-like metal parts, used as base elements for forging formation of the part to be obtained. their volume corresponding to the volume of the latter, plus the volume lost during forging.
- the fan disks or the compressor drums are obtained by forging metal slugs.
- the safety criteria are binding and require controls at all stages of manufacture.
- the slugs must in particular be checked, for example by ultrasound, in order to detect the presence of inclusions or defects in the metal, which are at the origin of cracks during forging and possibly breaks in the finished part.
- recent standards impose a relatively small section for plots, in this case in the aeronautical field, of the order of 150 to 330 mm for nickel-base metal slugs or titanium. If the finished parts of the turbojet engine are of large volume, the slugs must therefore be of great slenderness, to compensate for their small section.
- These slugs whose ratio length to diameter of the section, that is to say the slenderness, can be initially of the order of 12 to 1, must therefore be wrought a plurality of times, to obtain slugs whose slenderness is in this case substantially equal to 3 to 1 ratio for which it is possible to forge them, without them being contained laterally, without risk of buckling and creation of imperfections in the metal fibers.
- the values given here correspond to nickel or titanium-based metal slugs, with the rheology used for the manufacture of parts of a turbojet engine. Milling refers to the hot deformation of a metal part to obtain an increase in its diameter and a decrease in length, at equal volume.
- the wrought is here obtained by upsetting, that is to say by pressurizing the metal slug.
- the prior art proposes upsetting devices for the machining of metal slugs comprising two half-shells, each comprising a frustoconical-shaped housing.
- a billet is placed in the lower half-shell, the two half-shells being pressed against one another by a press, to ensure the upset of the billet, which thus takes the form, here of hexagonal longitudinal section, corresponding to the housing between the two half-hulls.
- Several upsetting operations are necessary to obtain the piece used in forging.
- the primary plots that is to say the plots as they are provided before the first crushing, being of great slenderness, there is a risk of buckling during the crushing. It is therefore necessary to carry out a large number of upsetting operations, the slenderness being only slightly reduced at each operation, to obtain a slug, to reduce the risk of buckling, without this being canceled for all that.
- the geometry of the hulls being fixed, it is necessary to have as many devices for upsetting that there are geometries of plots, both in terms of their section and their length; the number of devices required is therefore very large because, on the one hand, different geometries and volumes of parts of a turbojet, on the other hand, the need to perform a large number of upsetting operations.
- the dimensions of the devices of the prior art are also large, because of the presence of two half-shells.
- the slugs obtained are already in the form of blanks, since they follow the shape of the two half-shells, which can be inconvenient for their forging; it is also necessary to remove, by machining, the metal burrs formed at the contact between the two half-shells.
- the heat losses during the upsetting operation are large, since the billet extends between the two half-shells distant from each other and is therefore in contact with the air.
- the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.
- the invention relates to a crushing method for the roughing of a metal slug, having a determined slenderness, characterized in that the slug is arranged, in the direction of its length, at least partially, in a crushing pot, in a cylindrical housing provided for this purpose, and is pressed on the billet in the direction of its length by means of a punch, until the billet fills the entire section of the housing, so to reduce its slenderness and to obtain a cylindrical piece of section equal to that of the housing, in preparation for a forging operation.
- the Applicant has observed that it was possible to obtain a degree of wrought, namely the ratio of the length of the billet before wrought on the length of the piece after wrought, greater than 30%, the wrought piece showing neither buckling nor fibering anomalies. It is thus possible to reduce the number of upsetting operations.
- the piece obtained is cylindrical in shape, easier to forge then in any form.
- the punch may be smaller than those of a half-shell of the prior art, the size of the device can be reduced.
- the method may, in addition, be arranged to stop the upsetting operation when a certain force of the punch is reached, which ensures better control of the operation compared to the prior art where the operation was stopped when the two half-hulls were in contact, independently of the piece they contained. Furthermore, in such a process of upsetting that is done at closed volume (that is to say that only the air, but not the metal, can escape the enclosure formed by the housing and the punch) at the end of the process, a billet of cylindrical shape is obtained, the fibers of which are all substantially parallel to the axis of the cylinder; this characteristic is advantageous for aeronautical applications.
- the housing has a diameter up to 1.35 times the diameter of the section of the billet.
- the invention also relates to a method for preparing a slug, whose initial slenderness is greater than 12 to 1, in a forging operation, in which the slug is pushed back a plurality of times according to the method presented above, until a slenderness substantially equal to 3 to 1.
- the invention relates to a device for implementing the above method, characterized in that it comprises a crushing pot, with a cylindrical housing for receiving the billet, and a punch for pressurizing the billet.
- the punch is driven by a press table.
- the depth of the housing is adjustable according to the dimensions of the billet.
- the upsetting device 1 comprises a crushing pot 2, in this case of cylindrical shape, made of steel.
- the pot 2 comprises a housing 3, or sleeve 3, of cylindrical shape, here central with respect to the section of the pot 2, and which comprises a bottom 4.
- the pot 2 is disposed on a support table 5, also made of steel, which comprises a flange 6 for centering the pot 2.
- the table 5 is supported by a lower press table 7, fixed, made of steel, which comprises a flange 8 for centering the support table 5 of the pot 2.
- the bottom 4 of the housing 3 is here pierced with a bore 4 'for passage of a jack 9, which also extends through bores 5', 7 'made in the support table 5 of the pot 2 and the table lower press 7, respectively.
- a jack 9 which also extends through bores 5', 7 'made in the support table 5 of the pot 2 and the table lower press 7, respectively.
- the upper surface of the jack 9, perfectly fitted into the bore 4 'of the bottom 4 can here provide the bottom function of the housing 3.
- the upsetting device 1 comprises, above the pot 2, a punch 10, of cylindrical shape, supported at its upper end by a punch holder 11, itself secured to an upper press table 12, which comprises a flange 13 centering punch holder 11. These elements are here steel.
- the upper press table 12 is movable in vertical translation along the axis of the punch 10.
- the section of the punch 10 corresponds to the section of the housing 3 of the pot 2.
- the housing 3 is arranged to receive a metal billet 14. It is arranged to also receive, on its bottom 4, in this case on the upper surface of the cylinder 9, shims 15, 16, here steel. They are on the figure two in number and arranged one on the other. These wedges 15, 16, whose section corresponds to the section of the housing 3 of the pot 2, allow to adjust the depth of the housing 3 depending on the length of the billet 14 to be discharged. It is therefore the upper surface of the upper wedge 16 which acts as a bottom for the piece 14.
- the bottom of the housing 3, whether it is the upper surface of the cylinder 9 or the upper surface of a shim 16, here comprises a cavity 17 of centering and preforming the billet 14.
- This cavity 17 comprises a small flange at its circumference, forming a shoulder whose distance to the axis of the cylinder, formed by the housing 3, is equal to the radius of the billet 14 before wrought.
- this cavity 17 may be arranged to preform the end of the billet 14 according to the shape which will be given to the final piece, by forging the billet 14, once the upsetting operations are completed.
- the piece 14 may be a primary piece, which has not yet been repressed, or a piece that has already undergone one or more upsetting operations. It has a section of a certain diameter, preferably here between 150 and 500 mm.
- the upsetting device 1 is chosen as a function of the diameter of the billet 14; the diameter of the housing 3 of the device 1 is greater than the diameter of the billet 14, preferably up to 1.35 times the diameter of the billet 14, in this case equal to 1.3 times the diameter of the billet 14. depending on the length of the billet 14, the wedges 15, 16 may be placed beforehand on the bottom of the housing 3, to adjust the depth.
- the billet 14 is preheated, for example between 985 and 1100 ° C if it is a nickel-based metal, between 920 and 950 ° C if it is a titanium-based metal. It is put in classic rheological conditions of upsetting.
- the pot 2, steel is itself also preheated, for example between 400 and 500 ° C, so that the steel is not in its fragile zone of resistance.
- the pot 2 has been dimensioned in a massive way, in this case more massive than the mechanical criteria require, so that it retains the heat better.
- the billet 14 is disposed in the housing 3, in which it is centered by the impression 17 of the upper wedge 16.
- an operator, or a clamp of a machine can also maintain the billet 14 centered, by its side walls to near its upper end.
- the billet 14 can be coated, by vitrification, with an enamel layer, which makes it possible to ensure the lubrication of the device 1. This lubrication can be obtained by greasing.
- the upper press table 12 initially in the upper position as on the left half of the figure, is then lowered, thanks to a conventional hydraulic press mechanism, driving the punch 10 towards the upper end of the billet 14.
- the upsetting then, the punch 10 exerts, through the action of the upper press table 12, a pressure on the billet 14, which is repressed, since it is contained, in this case initially for about three quarters of its height, in the housing 3.
- the punch 10 is here lowered, during the upsetting operation, at a speed of 10 to 20 mm / sec.
- the extrusion of the billet 14 results in a decrease in its length and an increase in its section.
- the pushing operation is stopped when a certain effort is reached on the billet 14.
- the billet 14 then fills substantially the entire section of the housing, its section having increased by 30% here, its length having decreased accordingly, since there is no change in volume. In this situation, the punch is in the lower position, as seen on the right half of the figure.
- the piece 14 was well wrought by pushing back.
- the punch 10 is then raised out of the housing 3.
- the jack 9, driven by an appropriate device, is actuated upwards and pushes the wedges 15, 16 and the billet 14 in this direction, in order to bring out the billet 14 of the housing 3.
- the billet 14 can therefore be removed and either pushed back or, if the ratio of its length to its diameter has reached an acceptable value, in this case 3 to 1, be forged to manufacture the final piece, here a fan disk or a turbojet compressor drum.
- the cylinder 9 can be lowered.
- the shims 15, 16 can be removed or replaced by lifting the pot 2, which has the effect of releasing them and making them accessible.
- the upsetting device 1 of the invention it is possible to drive back a slug 14 of great slenderness, typically with a ratio of more than 12 to 1, without risk of buckling, since the slug 14 is contained, in whole or in part, in the cylindrical housing 3.
- a cylindrical corrugated billet 14 is obtained which is easy to forge in any shape, the forging being facilitated by the preforming of the ends of the slug 14 by the cavities 17, 18 of the bottom of the housing 3 and the lower surface of the punch 10.
- a heating device may be provided in the walls of the housing 3, for example, resistors cast in the steel, which ensures a constant and / or flexible temperature of the housing 3.
- a same crushing pot 3 makes it possible to perform upsetting operations for pieces 14 of different lengths, which reduces the number of upsetting devices 1 necessary in a factory producing metal parts obtained by forging slugs 14.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de refoulage pour le corroyage d'un lopin métallique, un procédé de préparation d'un lopin à une opération de forgeage selon le procédé et un dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procédé.The invention relates to a back-up process for roughing a metal billet, a method for preparing a billet to a forging operation according to the method and a device for implementing the method.
Les pièces métalliques forgées sont généralement obtenues par forgeage de lopins, ou billettes, qui sont des ébauches brutes de pièces métalliques, semi-finies, globalement en forme de barres, utilisées comme éléments de bases pour la formation par forgeage de la pièce à obtenir, leur volume correspondant au volume de cette dernière, majoré du volume perdu pendant le forgeage. Par exemple, dans un turboréacteur, les disques de soufflante ou les tambours de compresseurs sont obtenus par forgeage de lopins métalliques.Forged metal parts are generally obtained by forging slugs, or billets, which are rough blanks of semi-finished, generally bar-like metal parts, used as base elements for forging formation of the part to be obtained. their volume corresponding to the volume of the latter, plus the volume lost during forging. For example, in a turbojet, the fan disks or the compressor drums are obtained by forging metal slugs.
Dans le domaine de l'aéronautique, les critères de sécurité sont contraignants et imposent des contrôles à toutes les étapes de fabrication. Les lopins doivent notamment être contrôlés, par exemple par ultrasons, afin de détecter la présence d'inclusions ou défauts dans le métal, qui sont à l'origine de criques lors du forgeage et éventuellement de ruptures de la pièce finie. Afin d'assurer un contrôle par ultrasons satisfaisant, de récentes normes imposent une section relativement faible pour les lopins, en l'espèce, dans le domaine aéronautique, de l'ordre de 150 à 330 mm pour des lopins en métal à base nickel ou titane. Si les pièces finies du turboréacteur sont de grand volume, les lopins doivent donc être de grand élancement, pour compenser leur faible section.In the field of aeronautics, the safety criteria are binding and require controls at all stages of manufacture. The slugs must in particular be checked, for example by ultrasound, in order to detect the presence of inclusions or defects in the metal, which are at the origin of cracks during forging and possibly breaks in the finished part. In order to ensure satisfactory ultrasonic testing, recent standards impose a relatively small section for plots, in this case in the aeronautical field, of the order of 150 to 330 mm for nickel-base metal slugs or titanium. If the finished parts of the turbojet engine are of large volume, the slugs must therefore be of great slenderness, to compensate for their small section.
Ces lopins, dont le rapport longueur sur diamètre de la section, c'est-à-dire l'élancement, peut être initialement de l'ordre de 12 pour 1, doivent par conséquent être corroyés une pluralité de fois, pour obtenir des lopins dont l'élancement est en l'espèce sensiblement égal à 3 pour 1, rapport pour lequel il est possible de les forger, sans qu'ils soient contenus latéralement, sans risque de flambage et de création d'imperfections dans les fibres du métal. Les valeurs ici données correspondent à des lopins de métal à base nickel ou titane, avec la rhéologie utilisée pour la fabrication de pièces d'un turboréacteur. Le corroyage s'entend de la déformation à chaud d'une pièce métallique pour obtenir une augmentation de son diamètre et une diminution de sa longueur, à volume égal. Le corroyage est ici obtenu par refoulage, c'est-à-dire par mise sous pression du lopin métallique.These slugs, whose ratio length to diameter of the section, that is to say the slenderness, can be initially of the order of 12 to 1, must therefore be wrought a plurality of times, to obtain slugs whose slenderness is in this case substantially equal to 3 to 1 ratio for which it is possible to forge them, without them being contained laterally, without risk of buckling and creation of imperfections in the metal fibers. The values given here correspond to nickel or titanium-based metal slugs, with the rheology used for the manufacture of parts of a turbojet engine. Milling refers to the hot deformation of a metal part to obtain an increase in its diameter and a decrease in length, at equal volume. The wrought is here obtained by upsetting, that is to say by pressurizing the metal slug.
L'art antérieur propose des dispositifs de refoulage pour le corroyage de lopins métalliques comprenant deux demi coques, comportant chacune un logement de forme tronconique. Un lopin est disposé dans la demi coque inférieure, les deux demi coques étant pressées l'une contre l'autre, par une presse, pour assurer le refoulage du lopin, qui prend donc la forme, ici de section longitudinale hexagonale, correspondant au logement entre les deux demi coques. Plusieurs opérations de refoulage sont nécessaires pour l'obtention du lopin utilisable en forge.The prior art proposes upsetting devices for the machining of metal slugs comprising two half-shells, each comprising a frustoconical-shaped housing. A billet is placed in the lower half-shell, the two half-shells being pressed against one another by a press, to ensure the upset of the billet, which thus takes the form, here of hexagonal longitudinal section, corresponding to the housing between the two half-hulls. Several upsetting operations are necessary to obtain the piece used in forging.
Les lopins primaires, c'est-à-dire les lopins tels qu'ils sont fournis avant le premier refoulage, étant de grand élancement, il existe un risque de flambage lors du refoulage. Il faut par conséquent procéder à un grand nombre d'opérations de refoulage, l'élancement n'étant que faiblement réduit à chaque opération, pour obtenir un lopin, pour diminuer le risque de flambage, sans que celui-ci soit pour autant annulé. La géométrie des coques étant figée, il faut disposer d'autant de dispositifs de refoulage qu'il existe de géométries de lopins, tant au point de vue de leur section que de leur longueur ; le nombre de dispositifs nécessaires est donc très grand du fait, d'une part, des géométries et volumes différents des pièces d'un turboréacteur, d'autre part, de la nécessité d'effectuer un grand nombre d'opérations de refoulage. Les dimensions des dispositifs de l'art antérieur sont par ailleurs grandes, du fait de la présence de deux demi coques. Les lopins obtenus sont déjà sous forme d'ébauches, puisqu'ils épousent la forme des deux demi coques, ce qui peut être gênant pour leur forgeage ; il convient de plus de supprimer, par usinage, les bavures de métal formées au niveau du contact entre les deux demi coques. Enfin, les pertes thermiques lors de l'opération de refoulage sont grandes, puisque le lopin s'étend entre les deux demi coques distantes l'une de l'autre et est donc au contact de l'air.The primary plots, that is to say the plots as they are provided before the first crushing, being of great slenderness, there is a risk of buckling during the crushing. It is therefore necessary to carry out a large number of upsetting operations, the slenderness being only slightly reduced at each operation, to obtain a slug, to reduce the risk of buckling, without this being canceled for all that. The geometry of the hulls being fixed, it is necessary to have as many devices for upsetting that there are geometries of plots, both in terms of their section and their length; the number of devices required is therefore very large because, on the one hand, different geometries and volumes of parts of a turbojet, on the other hand, the need to perform a large number of upsetting operations. The dimensions of the devices of the prior art are also large, because of the presence of two half-shells. The slugs obtained are already in the form of blanks, since they follow the shape of the two half-shells, which can be inconvenient for their forging; it is also necessary to remove, by machining, the metal burrs formed at the contact between the two half-shells. Finally, the heat losses during the upsetting operation are large, since the billet extends between the two half-shells distant from each other and is therefore in contact with the air.
L'invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients.The invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de refoulage pour le corroyage d'un lopin métallique, présentant un élancement déterminé, caractérisé par le fait qu'on dispose le lopin, dans le sens de sa longueur, au moins partiellement, dans un pot de refoulage, dans un logement cylindrique prévu à cet effet, et on exerce une pression sur le lopin dans la direction de sa longueur au moyen d'un poinçon, jusqu'à ce que le lopin remplisse toute la section du logement, de manière à réduire son élancement et à obtenir un lopin cylindrique de section égale à celle du logement, en préparation à une opération de forgeage.To this end, the invention relates to a crushing method for the roughing of a metal slug, having a determined slenderness, characterized in that the slug is arranged, in the direction of its length, at least partially, in a crushing pot, in a cylindrical housing provided for this purpose, and is pressed on the billet in the direction of its length by means of a punch, until the billet fills the entire section of the housing, so to reduce its slenderness and to obtain a cylindrical piece of section equal to that of the housing, in preparation for a forging operation.
Grâce à l'invention, la demanderesse a observé qu'il était possible d'obtenir un taux de corroyage, à savoir le rapport de la longueur du lopin avant corroyage sur la longueur du lopin après corroyage, supérieur à 30%, le lopin corroyé ne présentant ni flambage ni anomalies de fibrage. Il est ainsi possible de diminuer le nombre d'opérations de refoulage. Par ailleurs, le lopin obtenu est de forme cylindrique, plus facile à forger ensuite en une forme quelconque. Le poinçon pouvant être de dimensions inférieures à celles d'une demi coque de l'art antérieur, l'encombrement du dispositif peut être réduit. Le lopin s'étendant au moins partiellement dans le logement cylindrique, les pertes thermiques sont amoindries et les bavures, nécessitant un usinage, éliminées, si le lopin s'étend entièrement dans son logement en fin de refoulage. Le procédé peut, de plus, être agencé pour arrêter l'opération de refoulage lorsqu'un certain effort du poinçon est atteint, ce qui assure une meilleure maîtrise de l'opération par rapport à l'art antérieur où l'opération était arrêtée lorsque les deux demi coques étaient en contact, indépendamment du lopin qu'elles contenaient. Par ailleurs, dans un tel procédé de refoulage qui se fait à volume fermé (c'est-à-dire que seul l'air, mais pas le métal, peut s'échapper de l'enceinte formée par le logement et le poinçon), on obtient en fin de procédé un lopin, de forme cylindrique, dont les fibres sont toutes sensiblement parallèles à l'axe du cylindre ; cette caractéristique est avantageuse pour les applications aéronautiques.Thanks to the invention, the Applicant has observed that it was possible to obtain a degree of wrought, namely the ratio of the length of the billet before wrought on the length of the piece after wrought, greater than 30%, the wrought piece showing neither buckling nor fibering anomalies. It is thus possible to reduce the number of upsetting operations. Furthermore, the piece obtained is cylindrical in shape, easier to forge then in any form. The punch may be smaller than those of a half-shell of the prior art, the size of the device can be reduced. The piece extending at least partially in the cylindrical housing, the heat losses are reduced and the burrs, requiring machining, eliminated, if the piece extends completely into its housing at the end of creasing. The method may, in addition, be arranged to stop the upsetting operation when a certain force of the punch is reached, which ensures better control of the operation compared to the prior art where the operation was stopped when the two half-hulls were in contact, independently of the piece they contained. Furthermore, in such a process of upsetting that is done at closed volume (that is to say that only the air, but not the metal, can escape the enclosure formed by the housing and the punch) at the end of the process, a billet of cylindrical shape is obtained, the fibers of which are all substantially parallel to the axis of the cylinder; this characteristic is advantageous for aeronautical applications.
Avantageusement, le logement présente un diamètre jusqu'à 1,35 fois le diamètre de la section du lopin.Advantageously, the housing has a diameter up to 1.35 times the diameter of the section of the billet.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'un lopin, dont l'élancement initial est supérieur à 12 pour 1, à une opération de forgeage, dans lequel le lopin est refoulé une pluralité de fois selon le procédé présenté ci-dessus, jusqu'à obtenir un élancement sensiblement égal à 3 pour 1.The invention also relates to a method for preparing a slug, whose initial slenderness is greater than 12 to 1, in a forging operation, in which the slug is pushed back a plurality of times according to the method presented above, until a slenderness substantially equal to 3 to 1.
L'invention concerne enfin un dispositif de mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un pot de refoulage, avec un logement cylindrique de réception du lopin, et un poinçon de mise sous pression du lopin.Finally, the invention relates to a device for implementing the above method, characterized in that it comprises a crushing pot, with a cylindrical housing for receiving the billet, and a punch for pressurizing the billet.
Avantageusement, le poinçon est entraîné par une table de presse.Advantageously, the punch is driven by a press table.
De préférence, la profondeur du logement est réglable en fonction des dimensions du lopin.Preferably, the depth of the housing is adjustable according to the dimensions of the billet.
Dans ce cas, il est possible de n'utiliser qu'un dispositif pour des lopins de différents élancements, ce qui réduit le nombre de dispositifs nécessaires et donc les coûts de production et l'encombrement.In this case, it is possible to use only one device for slugs of different slenderness, which reduces the number of devices needed and therefore the production costs and the size.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante de la forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, en référence à la figure unique annexée, qui représente une vue schématique de profil en coupe du dispositif de l'invention, avec le poinçon en position haute, pour la moitié gauche de la figure, et poinçon en position basse, pour la moitié droite de la figure.The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the single appended figure, which represents a schematic cross-sectional view of the device of the invention, with the punch in the upper position, for the left half of the figure, and the punch in the lower position, for the right half of the figure.
Le dispositif de refoulage 1 comporte un pot de refoulage 2, en l'espèce de forme cylindrique, en acier. Le pot 2 comporte un logement 3, ou fourreau 3, de forme cylindrique, ici central par rapport à la section du pot 2, et qui comporte un fond 4. Le pot 2 est disposé sur une table 5 de support, également en acier, qui comporte une bride 6 de centrage du pot 2. La table 5 est supportée par une table inférieure de presse 7, fixe, en acier, qui comporte une bride 8 de centrage de la table 5 de support du pot 2.The
Le fond 4 du logement 3 est ici percé d'un alésage 4' de passage d'un vérin 9, qui s'étend également à travers des alésages 5', 7' pratiqués dans la table 5 de support du pot 2 et la table inférieure de presse 7, respectivement. Pendant une opération de refoulage, la surface supérieure du vérin 9, parfaitement ajustée dans l'alésage 4' du fond 4, peut assurer ici la fonction de fond du logement 3.The
Le dispositif de refoulage 1 comporte, au-dessus du pot 2, un poinçon 10, de forme cylindrique, supporté à son extrémité supérieure par un porte-poinçon 11, lui-même solidaire d'une table supérieure de presse 12, qui comporte une bride 13 de centrage du porte-poinçon 11. Ces éléments sont ici en acier. La table supérieure de presse 12 est mobile en translation verticale suivant l'axe du poinçon 10. La section du poinçon 10 correspond à la section du logement 3 du pot 2.The
Le logement 3 est agencé pour recevoir un lopin métallique 14. Il est agencé pour pouvoir recevoir également, sur son fond 4, en l'espèce sur la surface supérieure du vérin 9, des cales 15, 16, ici en acier. Elles sont sur la figure au nombre de deux et disposées l'une sur l'autre. Ces cales 15, 16, dont la section correspond à la section du logement 3 du pot 2, permettent de régler la profondeur du logement 3 en fonction de la longueur du lopin 14 à refouler. C'est donc la surface supérieure de la cale supérieure 16 qui fait office de fond pour le lopin 14.The
Le fond du logement 3, qu'il s'agisse de la surface supérieure du vérin 9 ou de la surface supérieure d'une cale 16, comporte ici une empreinte 17 de centrage et de préformage du lopin 14. Cette empreinte 17 comporte en l'espèce une petite bride à sa circonférence, formant un épaulement dont la distance à l'axe du cylindre, formé par le logement 3, est égale au rayon du lopin 14 avant corroyage. Ainsi, lorsque le lopin 14 est placé dans le logement 3, il est centré par l'épaulement de l'empreinte 17. Par ailleurs, cette empreinte 17 peut être agencée de façon à préformer l'extrémité du lopin 14 en fonction de la forme qui sera donnée à la pièce finale, par forgeage du lopin 14, une fois les opérations de refoulage terminées.The bottom of the
La surface inférieure du poinçon 10, destinée à entrer en contact avec la surface supérieure du lopin 14 pour le presser et assurer son refoulage, comporte également une empreinte 18 de centrage et de préformage du lopin 14, conformée selon les mêmes critères que l'empreinte 17 du fond du logement 3.The lower surface of the
Une opération, ou procédé, de refoulage pour le corroyage du lopin 14 va maintenant être expliquée plus en détails.An operation, or process, repressing for the milling of the
Le lopin 14 peut être un lopin primaire, qui n'a pas encore été refoulé, ou un lopin ayant déjà subi une ou plusieurs opérations de refoulage. Il présente une section d'un certain diamètre, de préférence ici compris entre 150 et 500 mm. Le dispositif de refoulage 1 est choisi en fonction du diamètre du lopin 14 ; le diamètre du logement 3 du dispositif 1 est plus grand que le diamètre du lopin 14, de préférence jusqu'à 1,35 fois le diamètre du lopin 14, en l'occurrence égal à 1,3 fois le diamètre du lopin 14. En fonction de la longueur du lopin 14, des cales 15, 16 peuvent être préalablement placées sur le fond du logement 3, pour en régler la profondeur.The
Le lopin 14 est préalablement chauffé, par exemple entre 985 et 1100°C s'il s'agit d'un métal à base nickel, entre 920 et 950°C s'il s'agit d'un métal à base titane. Il est mis dans des conditions rhéologiques classiques de refoulage. Le pot 2, en acier, est quant à lui également préalablement chauffé, par exemple entre 400 et 500°C, afin que l'acier ne se situe pas dans sa zone fragile de résistance. Le pot 2 a été dimensionné de façon massive, en l'espèce plus massive que ne le requièrent les critères mécaniques, afin qu'il conserve mieux la chaleur.The
Le lopin 14 est disposé dans le logement 3, dans lequel il est centré par l'empreinte 17 de la cale supérieure 16. Afin d'assurer un centrage optimal du lopin 14 et d'éviter que ses parois ne touchent celles du logement 3, ce qui pourrait engendrer par la suite des défauts de forge, un opérateur, ou une pince d'une machine, peut également maintenir le lopin 14 centré, par ses parois latérales à proximité de son extrémité supérieure. Le lopin 14 peut être revêtu, par vitrification, d'une couche d'émail, qui permet d'assurer la lubrification du dispositif 1. Cette lubrification peut être obtenue par graissage.The
La table supérieure de presse 12, initialement en position haute comme sur la moitié gauche de la figure, est alors descendue, grâce à un mécanisme hydraulique classique de presse, entraînant le poinçon 10 en direction de l'extrémité supérieure du lopin 14. Le refoulage a alors lieu, le poinçon 10 exerçant, grâce à l'action de la table supérieure de presse 12, une pression sur le lopin 14, qui est refoulé, puisqu'il est contenu, en l'espèce initialement pour environ les trois quarts de sa hauteur, dans le logement 3. Le poinçon 10 est ici descendu, pendant l'opération de refoulage, à une vitesse de 10 à 20 mm/sec. Le refoulage du lopin 14 se traduit par une diminution de sa longueur et une augmentation de sa section.The upper press table 12, initially in the upper position as on the left half of the figure, is then lowered, thanks to a conventional hydraulic press mechanism, driving the
L'opération de refoulage est arrêtée lorsqu'un certain effort est atteint sur le lopin 14. Le lopin 14 remplit alors sensiblement toute la section du logement, sa section ayant ici augmenté de 30%, sa longueur ayant diminué en conséquence, puisqu'il n'y a pas de changement de volume. Dans cette situation, le poinçon est en position basse, comme on le voit sur la moitié droite de la figure. Le lopin 14 a bien été corroyé par refoulage.The pushing operation is stopped when a certain effort is reached on the
Le poinçon 10 est alors remonté hors du logement 3. Le vérin 9, entraîné par un dispositif ad hoc, est actionné vers le haut et repousse les cales 15, 16 et le lopin 14 dans cette direction, afin de faire ressortir le lopin 14 du logement 3. Le lopin 14 peut donc être enlevé et, soit refoulé de nouveau, soit, si le rapport de sa longueur sur son diamètre a atteint une valeur acceptable, en l'espèce 3 pour 1, être forgé pour fabriquer la pièce finale, ici un disque de soufflante ou un tambour de compresseur de turboréacteur.The
Le vérin 9 peut être redescendu. Les cales 15, 16 peuvent être enlevées ou remplacées en soulevant le pot 2, ce qui a pour effet de les libérer et de les rendre accessibles.The
Ainsi, il est possible de préparer un lopin, dont l'élancement initial est supérieur à 12 pour 1, à une opération de forgeage, en refoulant le lopin une pluralité de fois selon le procédé qui vient d'être présenté, jusqu'à obtenir un élancement sensiblement égale à 3 pour 1.Thus, it is possible to prepare a slug, whose initial slenderness is greater than 12 to 1, for a forging operation, by driving the slug a plurality of times according to the method which has just been presented, until a slenderness substantially equal to 3 to 1 is obtained.
Grâce au dispositif de refoulage 1 de l'invention, il est possible de refouler un lopin 14 de grand élancement, typiquement avec un rapport de plus de 12 pour 1, sans risque de flambage, puisque le lopin 14 est contenu, entièrement ou partiellement, dans le logement cylindrique 3. On obtient par ailleurs en fin de procédé un lopin 14 corroyé cylindrique, facile à forger selon n'importe quelle forme, le forgeage pouvant être facilité par le préformage des extrémités du lopin 14 par les empreintes 17, 18 du fond du logement 3 et de la surface inférieure du poinçon 10.With the upsetting
Du fait de la contention du lopin 14 dans le logement 3, les pertes thermiques à sa périphérie sont faibles, ce qui améliore le rendement de l'opération de refoulage. Par ailleurs, en cas d'incident engendrant une perte de temps durant l'opération de refoulage, il n'est pas forcément nécessaire de remettre le lopin 14 et le pot 2 dans un four pour les réchauffer, puisque les pertes thermiques sont faibles. Afin de réduire encore les pertes thermiques, il peut être prévu, dans les parois du logement 3, un dispositif de chauffage, par exemple des résistances coulées dans l'acier, qui assure une température constante et/ou modulable du logement 3.Due to the contention of the
Grâce à la possibilité de mettre des cales 15, 16 dans le fond du logement 3, un même pot de refoulage 3 permet d'assurer des opérations de refoulage pour des lopins 14 de longueurs différentes, ce qui réduit le nombre de dispositifs de refoulage 1 nécessaire dans une usine de production de pièces métalliques obtenues par forgeage de lopins 14.Thanks to the possibility of putting
Claims (12)
- An upsetting method for working a metal slug (14), having a determined slenderness, characterized by the fact that the slug (14) is at least partly positioned in the direction of its length in an upsetting pot (2), in a cylindrical housing (3) provided for this purpose, and pressure is exerted on the slug (14) in the direction of its length by means of a punch (10) until the slug (14) fills the whole section of the housing, so as to reduce its slenderness and to obtain a cylindrical slug with a section equal to that of the housing, in preparation for a forging operation.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the housing (3) has a diameter up to 1.35 times the diameter of the section of the slug (14).
- A method for preparing a slug (14), for which the slenderness is larger than 12 for 1, for a forging operation, wherein the slug (14) is upset a plurality of times according to the method of any of claims 1 and 2, until a slenderness substantially equal to 3 for 1 is obtained.
- An upsetting device for working a metal slug (14) according to the method of any of claims 1 to 3, including an upsetting pot (2) with a cylindrical housing (3) for receiving the slug (14) and a punch (10) for putting the slug (14) under pressure, characterized by the fact that the section of the punch (10) corresponds to the section of the housing (3) of the pot (2).
- The device according to claim 4, wherein the punch (10) is driven by a press table (12).
- The device according to any of claims 4 or 5, wherein the depth of the housing (3) is adjustable according to the dimensions of the slug (14).
- The device according to claim 6, wherein the bottom of the housing (3) is arranged in order to be able to receive at least one block (15, 16) for adjusting the depth of the housing (3).
- The device according to any of claims 4 to 7, wherein the upsetting pot (2) at least partly consists of steel.
- The device according to any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical housing (3) is between 150 and 500 mm.
- The device according to any of claims 4 to 9, comprising a cylinder (9) for displacing the upset slug (14).
- The device according to any of claims 4 to 10, wherein the bottom of the cylindrical housing (3) includes an impression (17) for centering and pre-forming the slug (14).
- The device according to any of claims 4 to 11, wherein the surface of the punch (10) for putting the slug (14) under pressure includes an impression (18) for centering and pre-forming the slug (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0452483A FR2877244B1 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | METHOD OF REFOULING FOR CORROSION OF A METAL LOPIN PROCESS FOR PREPARING A LOPIN FOR A FORGING OPERATION ACCORDING TO THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1652599A1 EP1652599A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
EP1652599B1 true EP1652599B1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
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ID=34950501
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05110155A Active EP1652599B1 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2005-10-28 | Process of upsetting a billet by hot working, method for preparing a billet to a forging operation according to said process and apparatus for carrying out said process |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7454941B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1652599B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5010824B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1830596A (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005001600T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2877244B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2383407C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
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KR101233303B1 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2013-02-14 | 후꾸이 뵤라 가부시끼가이샤 | Shaft member for fluid bearing device and method of producing the same |
FR2882282B1 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2008-10-17 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | METHOD FOR CORROCING A METAL LOPIN, SHAPED FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD AND ASSEMBLY OF A SHIRT AND A COVER FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
EP1927413B1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2009-08-19 | Topy Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Press forging method |
CN101947618B (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-14 | 上海运良企业发展有限公司 | Ultra-long cylindrical blank upsetting mould |
CN104066530A (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2014-09-24 | 日立金属株式会社 | Hot upset forging method |
RU2501624C2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-12-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт физики металлов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИФМ УрО РАН) | Method of upsetting fragile and low-plasticity cylindrical blanks |
CN102728756B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏金源锻造股份有限公司 | Wind power spindle flange upsetting process |
JP5981884B2 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-08-31 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Hot upsetting forging apparatus and hot upsetting forging method |
CN103706743B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-02-01 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Die-forging forming process of titanium-alloy forged drum piece |
CN103801938A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-21 | 大连雨林灌溉设备有限公司 | Hot upsetting machine |
CN106607534A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-03 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | Upsetting method of cylindrical ingot blank or bar with large height to diameter ratio |
DE102016121021B3 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-01-25 | Thiele Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing a flat link chain |
CN107552700B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-08-16 | 中北大学 | An a kind of upsetting formation method of the big specification slab of larger ratio of height to diameter |
CN110523900B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-10-30 | 成都宏明双新科技股份有限公司 | Forming mode of stainless steel upset product |
CN113020508A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 中铁宝桥(南京)有限公司 | Steel rail heel end profiling and upsetting double-moving-platform machining method based on two-station press |
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US1345045A (en) * | 1916-08-16 | 1920-06-29 | Forge Products Corp | High-speed steel and process of forming and forging the same |
US2369299A (en) * | 1942-05-16 | 1945-02-13 | Kafowi Jan | Apparatus for working metals |
US3844155A (en) * | 1970-04-09 | 1974-10-29 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of making a slug having controlled grain direction |
JPS4931615B1 (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1974-08-23 | ||
JPS5096635U (en) * | 1974-01-08 | 1975-08-12 | ||
CA1154617A (en) * | 1979-03-17 | 1983-10-04 | Masatoshi Nishizawa | Warm forging method for cup-shaped pieces |
US4607515A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1986-08-26 | Uti Corporation | Kinetic energy penetrator |
JPS63184639U (en) * | 1987-05-20 | 1988-11-28 | ||
JPS6427735A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1989-01-30 | Nitto Kohki Co | Heading method for hollow part |
JPH05115939A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1993-05-14 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Die forging method of high alloy steel |
FR2776219B1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2000-05-05 | Soc D Mecanique Et De Plastiqu | METAL SHAFT FOR RECEIVING AN OVER-MOLDED OR ADDED PART AND ASSEMBLY THUS OBTAINED |
JP3835941B2 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2006-10-18 | アイシン機工株式会社 | Manufacturing method of coarse gear |
FR2882282B1 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2008-10-17 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | METHOD FOR CORROCING A METAL LOPIN, SHAPED FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD AND ASSEMBLY OF A SHIRT AND A COVER FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
-
2004
- 2004-10-29 FR FR0452483A patent/FR2877244B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2005-10-27 JP JP2005312531A patent/JP5010824B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-28 RU RU2005133389/02A patent/RU2383407C2/en active
- 2005-10-28 DE DE602005001600T patent/DE602005001600T2/en active Active
- 2005-10-28 US US11/260,143 patent/US7454941B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-28 EP EP05110155A patent/EP1652599B1/en active Active
- 2005-10-31 CN CNA2005101170725A patent/CN1830596A/en active Pending
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FR2877244B1 (en) | 2008-05-30 |
US20060090535A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
JP2006123007A (en) | 2006-05-18 |
RU2005133389A (en) | 2007-05-10 |
DE602005001600T2 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
US7454941B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
DE602005001600D1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
JP5010824B2 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
RU2383407C2 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
FR2877244A1 (en) | 2006-05-05 |
EP1652599A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
CN1830596A (en) | 2006-09-13 |
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