EP1649218A1 - Method for reducing nox emissions from a burner assembly, comprising several burners, and burner assembly for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Method for reducing nox emissions from a burner assembly, comprising several burners, and burner assembly for carrying out said method

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Publication number
EP1649218A1
EP1649218A1 EP04766213A EP04766213A EP1649218A1 EP 1649218 A1 EP1649218 A1 EP 1649218A1 EP 04766213 A EP04766213 A EP 04766213A EP 04766213 A EP04766213 A EP 04766213A EP 1649218 A1 EP1649218 A1 EP 1649218A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burners
flame
burner
temperatures
fuel supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04766213A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1649218B1 (en
Inventor
Ken-Yves Haffner
Douglas Pennell
Christian Steinbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1649218A1 publication Critical patent/EP1649218A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1649218B1 publication Critical patent/EP1649218B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/20—Gas turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion technology. It relates to a method for reducing NOx emissions according to the preamble of claim 1 and a burner arrangement for carrying out the method.
  • JP-A2-10317991 it has been proposed to reduce the amount of NOx in a gas turbine with a plurality of premix burners and at the same time to stabilize the combustion in the event of a load change in the turbine by measuring the temperatures of the flame stabilizers, the combustion chamber lining and the hot gases and the operating status of the burner is derived from it.
  • the fuel supply to the burners is then controlled in accordance with the measurement results so that the combustion is stabilized with regard to partial misfires and deviations from the quantity of fuel supplied.
  • the goal is the (dynamic) stabilization of the combustion during load changes in the gas turbine. At the same time, an increase in the amount of NOx caused by burner instabilities is prevented.
  • the essence of the invention is to directly or indirectly measure the flame temperatures of the individual burners or burner groups and then to permanently reduce the fuel supply in those burners or burner groups whose flame temperatures are above a predetermined value in order to avoid the deviations caused by design and manufacture to compensate for this burner. This process can be carried out one or more times and then leads to a permanent homogenization of the flame temperatures and thus to a reduction in the NOx emissions caused by the inhomogeneities.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the individual burners or burner groups are each supplied with fuel via a fuel supply line, and in that the throttling of the fuel supply is arranged by means of a in the fuel supply line
  • Throttle body is made. This enables a particularly simple coordination of the various burners with regard to the homogenization of the flame temperature.
  • One possibility for measuring the flame temperatures is that the flame temperatures are measured directly on the flames, the flame temperatures being measured, in particular, optically.
  • the flame temperatures are measured indirectly, in particular the flames being generated in a combustion chamber, and for Measurement of the flame temperatures, the temperatures of selected parts or areas of the combustion chamber are measured, or the hot gases generated by the burners in the flames are sent through a use device, in particular a gas turbine, and the temperatures at the outlet of the burners for measuring the flame temperatures of the burners or burner groups Usage equipment can be measured.
  • the indirect measurement of the flame temperature can be realized and carried out much more easily in terms of measurement technology.
  • an adjustable throttle element is preferably used, which can be either an adjustable valve, an adjustable throttle screw or an exchangeable orifice with a predetermined orifice opening.
  • a preferred embodiment of the burner arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the first means comprise a plurality of sensors which are connected to a measuring unit, the sensors being designed either for direct measurement of the flame temperature, preferably optically.
  • the sensors are designed to measure the temperature of components
  • the burners are accommodated in one or more combustion chambers
  • the sensors are arranged distributed in or on the combustion chamber or chambers.
  • a use device for the hot gases in particular in the form of a gas turbine, is arranged behind the burner arrangement, the sensors are designed for measuring the temperature of hot gases, and the sensors are arranged at the outlet of the use device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a burner arrangement according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention with a direct measurement of the flame temperatures and throttle bodies in the fuel feed lines to the individual burners;
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention to FIG. 1, in which the sensors for determining the flame temperatures are arranged on the combustion chamber and record material temperatures of parts of the combustion chamber;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the sensors are arranged in the form of a gas turbine at the outlet of a use device of the combustion chamber gases and determine the flame temperatures from the temperature distribution at the outlet of a use device; and
  • Fig. 4 in different sub-figures (Fig. 4a, b and c) different types of throttle bodies, as they can be used in the implementation of the invention. WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • One of the contents of the present invention is that the hottest burners are identified by direct or indirect measurement of the flame temperature or the differences in flame temperature on gas turbines with multiple burners or burner groups. This measurement can be carried out in various ways (e.g. by measuring the temperature after the turbine, by measuring the material temperature of combustion chamber parts, by directly measuring the flame temperature optically).
  • the flame temperatures are homogenized by throttling the fuel supply to the burners with a too high flame temperature.
  • This throttling can be done by means of adjustable valves, adjustable throttle screws or permanently installed throttle bodies (e.g. orifices).
  • the process of flame temperature measurement and throttling of the burner with too high a flame temperature can be repeated until the desired homogeneity is achieved.
  • the burners B1, .., Bn are designed, for example, as double-cone burners, as are shown and described in EP-A2-0 807 787, among others.
  • the individual burners B1, .., Bn are each connected to a common fuel supply 11 via fuel feed lines 19.
  • the burners B1, .., Bn are usually arranged on one or more concentric circular rings.
  • Each of the burners B1, .., Bn generates a flame F1, .., Fn during operation by burning the supplied liquid and / or gaseous fuel with the aid of compressed combustion air, the hot gases of which are then used in a subsequent use device (turbine, steam generator, etc.). ) are used for energy purposes. Due to manufacturing and installation tolerances in the burners and combustion chamber, the flames F1, .., Fn of the various burners B1, .., Bn now have partially different flame temperatures, so that individual burners are available whose flame temperatures exceed a predetermined value. Although the mean of the flame temperatures is within a tolerable range, the elevated temperatures of individual flames lead to increased NOx emissions.
  • a plurality of sensors S1, .., Sn are now provided, which measure the temperatures of the individual flames F1, .., Fn directly by optical means (eg spectral measurement).
  • the sensors S1, .., Sn are connected to a measuring unit 12, in which the flame temperature measurements are evaluated and displayed.
  • a measuring unit 12 in which the flame temperature measurements are evaluated and displayed.
  • throttle bodies D1, .., Dn are arranged in the fuel feed lines 19 to the burners B1, .., Bn, which enable simple throttling or throttling of the fuel supply to the respective burner.
  • An exemplary selection of suitable throttle bodies Dn is shown in sub-figures (a) to (c) of FIG. 4.
  • the throttle element Dn of FIG. 4a is designed as an adjustable valve 15.
  • the fuel supply in the associated fuel supply line 19 can be throttled to the desired extent by partially closing the valve 15.
  • a throttle screw 16 is shown as throttle body Dn, which narrows the cross section of the fuel feed line 19 and thus throttles the fuel supply.
  • an orifice 17 is shown as a throttle element Dn, which has an orifice opening 18 with a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of the unthrottled fuel feed line 19.
  • a burner with an excessively high flame temperature is identified during the measurement of the flame temperatures, its fuel supply is first throttled by a certain amount by means of the associated throttling device Dn. If the measurement is repeated later and the flame temperature is still too high, the throttling is increased by a further step. This sequence can be repeated until the flame temperatures of all burners B1,... Bn are within a narrow tolerance range and are therefore homogenized. The gradual, permanent throttling ensures that no control vibrations can occur and that the operation remains stable at all times. The use of simple throttling elements keeps the costs low, and leads to simple adjustability and high functional reliability.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a burner arrangement according to the invention.
  • the burners B1, .., Bn of the burner arrangement 10 are shown here with the combustion chamber 13.
  • the flames F1, .., Fn of the burners B1, .., Bn lead to different heating of components (walls etc.) in the combustion chamber 13 at different flame temperatures. They can therefore be measured indirectly, in which the temperature of certain components or areas the combustion chamber 13 by sensors S1 ', .., Sn' mounted there (Thermocouples, resistance thermometers or the like.) Is measured.
  • These sensors S1 ⁇ .., Sn ' are also connected to a measuring unit 12, so that the burners or burner groups to be throttled are identified and identified there.
  • the throttle bodies themselves are not shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the combustion chamber 13 with the burners B1,..., Bn is arranged here on the input side of a utilization device, in this case a gas turbine 14.
  • the hot gas generated by the burners B1,..., Bn flows through the turbine 14 under power and exits at the outlet of the turbine 14.
  • There is a temperature distribution in the hot gas stream which is characteristic of the flame temperatures of the burners B1, .., Bn. If this temperature distribution is now measured by means of sensors S1 ", .., Sn", the flame temperatures of the individual burners B1, .., Bn can be inferred. A burner with a too high flame temperature can be identified accordingly.
  • the sensors S1 ", .., Sn" are also connected to a measuring unit 12.
  • the throttle bodies for the fuel supply are not shown, but are installed in the fuel feed lines analogously to FIG. 1.
  • B1 ,. ., Bn burner e.g. double cone burner

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing NOx emissions from a burner assembly (10), comprising several burners (B1,..,Bn), in particular, in a gas turbine. Said burners (B1,..,Bn) are operated in parallel and burn the respectively supplied fuel by means of combustion air to form a flame (F1,..,Fn). An aim of the invention is to obtain an effective reduction in a simple manner. Said aim is achieved, whereby the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1,..,Bn) or burner groups, or differences between the flame temperatures of individual burners (B1,..,Bn) or burner groups are directly or indirectly measured at a given time, and the fuel supply to the burners or burner groups, the flame temperature of which exceeds a preset value of the flame temperature, is selectively throttled in order to unify the flame temperatures of said burners (B1,..,Bn).

Description

BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
VERFAHREN ZUR REDUKTION DER NOX-EMISSIONEN EINER MEHRERE BRENNER UMFASSENDEN BRENNERANORDNUNG SOWIE BRENNERANORDNUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENSMETHOD FOR REDUCING NOX EMISSIONS FROM A BURNER ARRANGEMENT COMPREHENSIVE OF MULTIPLE BURNERS, AND BURNER ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Verbrennungstechnik. Sie betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reduktion der NOx-Emissionen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Brenneranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The present invention relates to the field of combustion technology. It relates to a method for reducing NOx emissions according to the preamble of claim 1 and a burner arrangement for carrying out the method.
STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART
Durch die mager vorgemischte Verbrennung sind in der letzten Dekade die NOx- Emissionen von Gasturbinen-Kraftwerken um den Faktor 10 gesenkt worden. Dies vor allem dadurch, dass die Temperaturen in der Reaktionszone der Brennkammer (Flammentemperatur) signifikant abgesenkt wurden. Meist ist in den Brennkammern von Gasturbinen eine Vielzahl von Brennern angeordnet, die parallel arbeiten und das für den Betrieb der Turbine benötigte Heissgas erzeugen (siehe z.B. die EP-A1-1 273 776). Nachteilig ist dabei im Hinblick auf die NOx- Emissionen, dass infolge von Toleranzen in der Brenner- und Brennkammerfertigung nicht alle Brenner in ihrem optimalen, schadstoffarmen Betriebspunkt betrieben werden. Es tritt vielmehr eine breite Streuung in der Flammentemperatur auf. Hierdurch kann das NOx-Minderungspotential von mager-vorgemischten Brennern nur teilweise ausgenutzt werden.Due to the lean premixed combustion, the NOx emissions from gas turbine power plants have been reduced by a factor of 10 in the last decade. This is mainly due to the fact that the temperatures in the reaction zone of the Combustion chamber (flame temperature) were significantly reduced. Usually, a large number of burners are arranged in the combustion chambers of gas turbines, which work in parallel and generate the hot gas required for operating the turbine (see, for example, EP-A1-1 273 776). It is disadvantageous with regard to the NOx emissions that due to tolerances in the burner and combustion chamber production, not all burners are operated at their optimal, low-polluting operating point. Rather, there is a wide spread in the flame temperature. As a result, the NOx reduction potential of lean premixed burners can only be partially exploited.
In der JP-A2-10317991 ist vorgeschlagen worden, bei einer Gasturbine mit einer Mehrzahl von Vormischbrennern die Menge des NOx zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig die Verbrennung bei einer Laständerung in der Turbine zu stabilisieren, indem die Temperaturen der Flammenstabilisatoren, der Brennkammerauskleidung und der Heissgase gemessen werden und daraus der Betriebszustand der Brenner abgeleitet wird. Die Brennstoffzufuhr zu den Brennern wird dann nach Massgabe der Messergebnisse so gesteuert, dass die Verbrennung im Hinblick auf partielle Fehlzündungen und Abweichungen von der zugeführten Brennstoffmenge stabilisiert wird. Zielsetzung ist dabei die (dynamische) Stabilisierung der Verbrennung bei Lastwechseln in der Gasturbine. Gleichzeitig wird damit ein Anstieg der NOx-Menge durch auftretende Brennerinstabilitäten verhindert.In JP-A2-10317991 it has been proposed to reduce the amount of NOx in a gas turbine with a plurality of premix burners and at the same time to stabilize the combustion in the event of a load change in the turbine by measuring the temperatures of the flame stabilizers, the combustion chamber lining and the hot gases and the operating status of the burner is derived from it. The fuel supply to the burners is then controlled in accordance with the measurement results so that the combustion is stabilized with regard to partial misfires and deviations from the quantity of fuel supplied. The goal is the (dynamic) stabilization of the combustion during load changes in the gas turbine. At the same time, an increase in the amount of NOx caused by burner instabilities is prevented.
Ein dauerhafter Ausgleich von Toleranzen in der Brenner- und Brennkammerkonfiguration ist damit nicht erreichbar.A permanent compensation of tolerances in the burner and combustion chamber configuration cannot be achieved.
DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit welchem auf einfache Weise konstruktions- und herstellungsbedingte Inhomogenitäten in den Flammentemperaturen einer Brenneranordnung ausgeglichen und dadurch die mit den Inhomogenitäten verbundenen zusätzlichen NOx-Emissionen dauerhaft verringert werden können, sowie eine Brenneranordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens anzugeben.It is an object of the invention to provide a method with which design and production-related inhomogeneities in the flame temperatures of a burner arrangement are compensated for in a simple manner and thereby the the inhomogeneities associated additional NOx emissions can be permanently reduced, and specify a burner arrangement for performing the method.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Gesamtheit der Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 13 gelöst. Der Kern der Erfindung besteht darin, direkt oder indirekt die Flammentemperaturen der einzelnen Brenner oder Brennergruppen zu messen und dann bei denjenigen Brennern bzw. Brennergruppen, deren Flammentemperaturen über einem vorgegebenen Wert liegen, die Brennstoffzufuhr dauerhaft zu drosseln, um die konstruktions- und herstellungstechnisch bedingte Abweichungen dieser Brenner auszugleichen. Dieser Vorgang kann ein- oder mehrmals durchgeführt werden und führt dann zu einer dauerhaften Homogenisierung der Flammentemperaturen und damit verbunden zu einer Reduktion der durch die Inhomogenitäten bedingten NOx- Emissionen.The object is achieved by the entirety of the features of claims 1 and 13. The essence of the invention is to directly or indirectly measure the flame temperatures of the individual burners or burner groups and then to permanently reduce the fuel supply in those burners or burner groups whose flame temperatures are above a predetermined value in order to avoid the deviations caused by design and manufacture to compensate for this burner. This process can be carried out one or more times and then leads to a permanent homogenization of the flame temperatures and thus to a reduction in the NOx emissions caused by the inhomogeneities.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die einzelnen Brenner oder Brennergruppen jeweils über eine Brennstoffzuleitung mit Brennstoff versorgt werden, und dass die Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr mittels eines in der Brennstoffzuleitung angeordnetenA preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the individual burners or burner groups are each supplied with fuel via a fuel supply line, and in that the throttling of the fuel supply is arranged by means of a in the fuel supply line
Drosselorgans vorgenommen wird. Hierdurch wird eine besonders einfache Abstimmung der verschiedenen Brenner hinsichtlich der Homogenisierung der Flammentemperatur erreicht.Throttle body is made. This enables a particularly simple coordination of the various burners with regard to the homogenization of the flame temperature.
Eine Möglichkeit zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen besteht dabei darin, dass die Messung der Flammentemperaturen direkt an den Flammen vorgenommen wird, wobei die Messung der Flammentemperaturen insbesondere auf optischem Wege erfolgt.One possibility for measuring the flame temperatures is that the flame temperatures are measured directly on the flames, the flame temperatures being measured, in particular, optically.
Eine Möglichkeit zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen besteht dabei darin, dass die Messung der Flammentemperaturen auf indirektem Wege erfolgt, wobei insbesondere die Flammen in einer Brennkammer erzeugt werden, und zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen die Temperaturen ausgewählter Teile oder Bereiche der Brennkammer gemessen werden, oder die von den Brennern in den Flammen erzeugten heissen Gase durch eine Nutzungseinrichtung, insbesondere eine Gasturbine, geschickt werden, und zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen der Brenner oder Brennergruppen die Temperaturen am Ausgang der Nutzungseinrichtung gemessen werden. Die indirekte Messung der Flammentemperatur lässt sich dabei messtechnisch wesentlich einfacher verwirklichen und durchführen.One possibility for measuring the flame temperatures is that the flame temperatures are measured indirectly, in particular the flames being generated in a combustion chamber, and for Measurement of the flame temperatures, the temperatures of selected parts or areas of the combustion chamber are measured, or the hot gases generated by the burners in the flames are sent through a use device, in particular a gas turbine, and the temperatures at the outlet of the burners for measuring the flame temperatures of the burners or burner groups Usage equipment can be measured. The indirect measurement of the flame temperature can be realized and carried out much more easily in terms of measurement technology.
Zum dauerhaften Drosseln der Brennstoffzufuhr wird vorzugsweise ein einstellbares Drosselorgan verwendet, das wahlweise ein einstellbares Ventil, eine verstellbare Drosselschraube oder eine auswechselbare Blende mit einer vorgegebenen Blendenöffnung sein kann.For permanent throttling of the fuel supply, an adjustable throttle element is preferably used, which can be either an adjustable valve, an adjustable throttle screw or an exchangeable orifice with a predetermined orifice opening.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Brenneranordnung nach der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel eine Mehrzahl von Sensoren umfassen, welche an eine Messeinheit angeschlossen sind, wobei die Sensoren entweder zur direkten Messung der Flammentemperatur, vorzugsweise auf optischem Wege, ausgebildet sind.A preferred embodiment of the burner arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the first means comprise a plurality of sensors which are connected to a measuring unit, the sensors being designed either for direct measurement of the flame temperature, preferably optically.
Alternativ dazu sind die Sensoren zur Messung der Temperatur von Bauteilen ausgebildet, sind die Brenner in einer oder mehreren Brennkammern untergebracht, und sind die Sensoren in oder an der oder den Brennkammern verteilt angeordnet.Alternatively, the sensors are designed to measure the temperature of components, the burners are accommodated in one or more combustion chambers, and the sensors are arranged distributed in or on the combustion chamber or chambers.
Wiederum alternativ dazu ist hinter der Brenneranordnung eine Nutzungseinrichtung für die heissen Gase, insbesondere in Form einer Gasturbine, angeordnet, sind die Sensoren zur Messung der Temperatur heisser Gase ausgebildet, und sind die Sensoren am Ausgang der Nutzungseinrichtung angeordnet.Again, as an alternative to this, a use device for the hot gases, in particular in the form of a gas turbine, is arranged behind the burner arrangement, the sensors are designed for measuring the temperature of hot gases, and the sensors are arranged at the outlet of the use device.
Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen. KURZE ERLÄUTERUNG DER FIGURENFurther embodiments result from the dependent claims. BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigenThe invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1 in einer schematisierten Darstellung eine Brenneranordnung gemäss einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit einer direkten Messung der Flammentemperaturen und Drosselorganen in den Brennstoffzuleitungen zu den einzelnen Brennern;1 shows a schematic representation of a burner arrangement according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention with a direct measurement of the flame temperatures and throttle bodies in the fuel feed lines to the individual burners;
Fig. 2 ein zu Fig. 1 alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei dem die Sensoren zur Bestimmung der Flammentemperaturen an der Brennkammer angeordnet sind und Materialtemperaturen von Brennkammerteilen aufnehmen;FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention to FIG. 1, in which the sensors for determining the flame temperatures are arranged on the combustion chamber and record material temperatures of parts of the combustion chamber;
Fig. 3 ein zu Fig. 1 und 2 alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei dem die Sensoren am Ausgang einer Nutzungseinrichtung der Brennkammergase in Form einer Gasturbine angeordnet sind und die Flammentemperaturen aus der Temperaturverteilung am Ausgang einer Nutzungseinrichtung bestimmen; und3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the sensors are arranged in the form of a gas turbine at the outlet of a use device of the combustion chamber gases and determine the flame temperatures from the temperature distribution at the outlet of a use device; and
Fig. 4 in verschiedenen Teilfiguren (Fig. 4a, b und c) verschiedene Arten von Drosselorganen, wie sie bei der Verwirklichung der Erfindung zum Einsatz kommen können. WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGFig. 4 in different sub-figures (Fig. 4a, b and c) different types of throttle bodies, as they can be used in the implementation of the invention. WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat unter anderem zum Inhalt, dass durch die direkte oder indirekte Messung der Flammentemperatur oder der Differenzen der Flammentemperatur an Gasturbinen mit mehreren Brennern oder Brennergruppen die heissesten Brenner identifiziert werden. Diese Messung kann auf verschiedene Art und Weise erfolgen (z.B. durch die Messung der Temperatur nach der Turbine, durch die Messung der Materialtemperatur von Brennkammerteilen, durch direkte optische Messung der Flammentemperatur).One of the contents of the present invention is that the hottest burners are identified by direct or indirect measurement of the flame temperature or the differences in flame temperature on gas turbines with multiple burners or burner groups. This measurement can be carried out in various ways (e.g. by measuring the temperature after the turbine, by measuring the material temperature of combustion chamber parts, by directly measuring the flame temperature optically).
Nach der Messung der Flammentemperatur erfolgt eine Homogenisierung der Flammentemperaturen durch Androsseln der Brennstoffzufuhr zu den Brennern mit zu hoher Flammentemperatur. Dieses Androsseln kann mittels einstellbarer Ventile, einstellbarer Drosselschrauben oder fest eingebauter Drosselorgane (z.B. Blenden) erfolgen. Der Vorgang der Flammentemperaturmessung und Androsselung der Brenner mit zu hoher Flammentemperatur kann bis zum Erreichen der gewünschten Homogenität wiederholt werden.After the flame temperature has been measured, the flame temperatures are homogenized by throttling the fuel supply to the burners with a too high flame temperature. This throttling can be done by means of adjustable valves, adjustable throttle screws or permanently installed throttle bodies (e.g. orifices). The process of flame temperature measurement and throttling of the burner with too high a flame temperature can be repeated until the desired homogeneity is achieved.
In Fig. 1 ist in einer schematisierten Darstellung eine Brenneranordnung gemäss einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit einer direkten Messung der Flammentemperaturen wiedergegeben. Die Brenneranordnung 10 umfasst eine Mehrzahl von (n; n = natürliche Zahl) Brennern B1 ,..,Bn, die in einer nicht eingezeichneten Brennkammer (13 in Fig. 2) angeordnet sind und parallel betrieben werden können. Die Brenner B1 ,..,Bn sind beispielsweise als Doppelkegelbrenner ausgebildet, wie sie u.a. in der EP-A2-0 807 787 gezeigt und beschrieben sind. Die einzelnen Brenner B1 ,..,Bn sind jeweils über Brennstoffzuleitungen 19 an eine gemeinsame Brennstoffversorgung 11 angeschlossen. Die Brenner B1,..,Bn sind üblicherweise auf einem oder mehreren konzentrischen Kreisringen angeordnet. Sie können auch zu Gruppen zusammengefasst sein, die gemeinsam mit Brennstoff versorgt und betrieben werden. Jeder der Brenner B1,..,Bn erzeugt im Betrieb durch Verbrennung des zugeführten flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffs mit Hilfe von komprimierter Verbrennungsluft eine Flamme F1 ,..,Fn, deren heisse Gase dann in einer nachfolgenden Nutzungseinrichtung (Turbine, Dampferzeuger etc.) energietechnisch genutzt werden. Aufgrund von herstellungs- und einbautechnischer Toleranzen bei Brennern und Brennkammer haben nun die Flammen F1,..,Fn der verschiedenen Brenner B1 ,..,Bn teilweise abweichende Flammentemperaturen, so dass einzelne Brenner vorhanden sind, deren Flammentemperaturen einen vorgegebenen Wert überschreiten. Obgleich der Mittelwert der Flammentemperaturen in einem tolerierbaren Bereich liegt, führen die erhöhten Temperaturen einzelner Flammen zu erhöhter NOx-Emission. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 ist nun eine Mehrzahl von Sensoren S1 ,..,Sn vorgesehen, die auf optischem Wege (z.B. Spektralmessung) die Temperaturen der einzelnen Flammen F1 ,..,Fn direkt messen. Die Sensoren S1,..,Sn sind an eine Messeinheit 12 angeschlossen, in der die Flammentemperaturmessungen ausgewertet und angezeigt werden. Insbesondere ist es denkbar und vorteilhaft, dass diejenigen Brenner identifiziert und angezeigt werden, deren Flammentemperatur einen vorgegebenen Wert überschreitet und damit zu hoch ist.1 shows a schematic representation of a burner arrangement according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention with a direct measurement of the flame temperatures. The burner arrangement 10 comprises a plurality of (n; n = natural number) burners B1,..., Bn, which are arranged in a combustion chamber (13 in FIG. 2) (not shown) and can be operated in parallel. The burners B1, .., Bn are designed, for example, as double-cone burners, as are shown and described in EP-A2-0 807 787, among others. The individual burners B1, .., Bn are each connected to a common fuel supply 11 via fuel feed lines 19. The burners B1, .., Bn are usually arranged on one or more concentric circular rings. They can also be combined into groups that are supplied and operated together with fuel. Each of the burners B1, .., Bn generates a flame F1, .., Fn during operation by burning the supplied liquid and / or gaseous fuel with the aid of compressed combustion air, the hot gases of which are then used in a subsequent use device (turbine, steam generator, etc.). ) are used for energy purposes. Due to manufacturing and installation tolerances in the burners and combustion chamber, the flames F1, .., Fn of the various burners B1, .., Bn now have partially different flame temperatures, so that individual burners are available whose flame temperatures exceed a predetermined value. Although the mean of the flame temperatures is within a tolerable range, the elevated temperatures of individual flames lead to increased NOx emissions. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, a plurality of sensors S1, .., Sn are now provided, which measure the temperatures of the individual flames F1, .., Fn directly by optical means (eg spectral measurement). The sensors S1, .., Sn are connected to a measuring unit 12, in which the flame temperature measurements are evaluated and displayed. In particular, it is conceivable and advantageous that those burners are identified and displayed whose flame temperature exceeds a predetermined value and is therefore too high.
Werden nun nach einer solchen Flammentemperaturmessung ausgewählte Brenner als mit einer zu hohen Flammentemperatur arbeitend angezeigt, kann bei diesen Brennern eine dauerhafte Korrektur vorgenommen werden, die dazu führt, dass sich die Flammentemperatur des korrigierten Brenners verringert. Diese Korrektur erfordert keine aufwendigen Steuer- und Regelungseinrichtungen, sondern kann mit vergleichsweise einfachen und funktionssicheren Mitteln vorgenommen werden. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 sind dazu in den Brennstoffzuleitungen 19 zu den Brennern B1 ,..,Bn Drosselorgane D1,..,Dn angeordnet, die eine einfache Androsselung bzw. Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr zum jeweiligen Brenner ermöglichen. Eine beispielhafte Auswahl von geeigneten Drosselorganen Dn ist in den Teilfiguren (a) bis (c) der Fig. 4 wiedergegeben. Das Drosselorgan Dn der Fig. 4a ist als einstellbares Ventil 15 ausgebildet. Durch ein partielles Schliessen des Ventils 15 kann die Brennstoffzufuhr in der zugehörigen Brennstoffzuleitung 19 im gewünschten Umfang gedrosselt werden. In Fig. 4b ist als Drosselorgan Dn eine Drosselschraube 16 dargestellt, die durch Eindrehen den Querschnitt der Brennstoffzuleitung 19 verengt und damit die Brennstoffzufuhr drosselt. In Fig. 4c schliesslich ist als Drosselorgan Dn eine Blende 17 abgebildet, die eine Blendenöffnung 18 mit einem Querschnitt aufweist, der kleiner ist als der Querschnitt der ungedrosselten Brennstoffzuleitung 19. Durch Einbau verschiedener Blenden 17 mit unterschiedlichen Öffnungsquerschnitten kann eine unterschiedlich starke Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr erreicht werden.If, after such a flame temperature measurement, selected burners are now displayed as working with an excessively high flame temperature, a permanent correction can be carried out with these burners, which leads to the flame temperature of the corrected burner being reduced. This correction does not require complex control and regulation devices, but can be carried out with comparatively simple and functionally reliable means. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, throttle bodies D1, .., Dn are arranged in the fuel feed lines 19 to the burners B1, .., Bn, which enable simple throttling or throttling of the fuel supply to the respective burner. An exemplary selection of suitable throttle bodies Dn is shown in sub-figures (a) to (c) of FIG. 4. The throttle element Dn of FIG. 4a is designed as an adjustable valve 15. The fuel supply in the associated fuel supply line 19 can be throttled to the desired extent by partially closing the valve 15. In Fig. 4b, a throttle screw 16 is shown as throttle body Dn, which narrows the cross section of the fuel feed line 19 and thus throttles the fuel supply. Finally, in FIG. 4c, an orifice 17 is shown as a throttle element Dn, which has an orifice opening 18 with a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of the unthrottled fuel feed line 19. By installing different orifices 17 with different opening cross sections, the fuel supply can be throttled to different degrees become.
Wird bei der Messung der Flammentemperaturen ein Brenner mit zu hoher Flammentemperatur identifiziert, wird dessen Brennstoffzufuhr mittels des zugehörigen Drosselorgans Dn zunächst um einen bestimmten Betrag angedrosselt. Wird später die Messung wiederholt und noch immer eine zu hohe Flammentemperatur festgestellt, wird die Drosselung um einen weiteren Schritt verstärkt. Diese Abfolge kann so lange wiederholt werden, bis die Flammentemperaturen aller Brenner B1 ,..Bn in einem engen Toleranzbereich liegen und damit homogenisiert sind. Die schrittweise dauerhafte Drosselung sorgt dafür, dass keine Regelungsschwingungen auftreten können und der Betrieb zu jeder Zeit stabil bleibt. Der Einsatz einfacher Drosselorgane hält die Kosten gering, und führt zu einer einfachen Einstellbarkeit und einer hohen Fuπktionssicherheit.If a burner with an excessively high flame temperature is identified during the measurement of the flame temperatures, its fuel supply is first throttled by a certain amount by means of the associated throttling device Dn. If the measurement is repeated later and the flame temperature is still too high, the throttling is increased by a further step. This sequence can be repeated until the flame temperatures of all burners B1,... Bn are within a narrow tolerance range and are therefore homogenized. The gradual, permanent throttling ensures that no control vibrations can occur and that the operation remains stable at all times. The use of simple throttling elements keeps the costs low, and leads to simple adjustability and high functional reliability.
In Fig. 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Brenneranordnung nach der Erfindung wiedergegeben. Die Brenner B1,..,Bn der Brenneranordnung 10 sind hier mit der Brennkammer 13 dargestellt. Die Flammen F1 ,..,Fn der Brenner B1,..,Bn führen bei unterschiedlichen Flammentemperaturen zu unterschiedlicher Aufheizung von Bauteilen (Wänden etc.) in der Brennkammer 13. Sie können daher indirekt gemessen werden, in dem die Temperatur bestimmter Bauteile oder Bereiche der Brennkammer 13 durch dort angebrachte Sensoren S1',..,Sn' (Thermoelemente, Widerstandsthermometer oder dgl.) gemessen wird. Auch diese Sensoren S1\..,Sn' sind an eine Messeinheit 12 angeschlossen, so dass dort die zu drosselnden Brenner bzw. Brennergruppen identifizierbar angezeigt werden. Die Drosselorgane selbst sind in Fig. 2 der Einfachheit halber nicht gezeigt.2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a burner arrangement according to the invention. The burners B1, .., Bn of the burner arrangement 10 are shown here with the combustion chamber 13. The flames F1, .., Fn of the burners B1, .., Bn lead to different heating of components (walls etc.) in the combustion chamber 13 at different flame temperatures. They can therefore be measured indirectly, in which the temperature of certain components or areas the combustion chamber 13 by sensors S1 ', .., Sn' mounted there (Thermocouples, resistance thermometers or the like.) Is measured. These sensors S1 \ .., Sn 'are also connected to a measuring unit 12, so that the burners or burner groups to be throttled are identified and identified there. The throttle bodies themselves are not shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of simplicity.
In Fig. 3 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Brennkammer 13 mit den Brennern B1,..,Bn ist hier auf der Eingangsseite einer Nutzungseinrichtung, in diesem Fall einer Gasturbine 14, angeordnet. Das durch die Brenner B1 ,..,Bn erzeugte Heissgas strömt unter Arbeitsleistung durch die Turbine 14 und tritt am Ausgang der Turbine 14 aus. Dort stellt sich eine Temperaturverteilung im Heissgasstrom ein, die charakteristisch für die Flammentemperaturen der Brenner B1,..,Bn ist. Wird nun mittels Sensoren S1",..,Sn" diese Temperaturverteilung gemessen, kann auf die Flammentemperaturen der einzelnen Brenner B1 ,..,Bn zurückgeschlossen werden. Entsprechend kann ein Brenner mit zu hoher Flammentemperatur identifiziert werden. Die Sensoren S1",..,Sn" sind ebenfalls an eine Messeinheit 12 angeschlossen. Die Drosselorgane für die Brennstoffzufuhr sind nicht dargestellt, sind aber analog zu Fig. 1 in die Brennstoffzuleitungen eingebaut.3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The combustion chamber 13 with the burners B1,..., Bn is arranged here on the input side of a utilization device, in this case a gas turbine 14. The hot gas generated by the burners B1,..., Bn flows through the turbine 14 under power and exits at the outlet of the turbine 14. There is a temperature distribution in the hot gas stream which is characteristic of the flame temperatures of the burners B1, .., Bn. If this temperature distribution is now measured by means of sensors S1 ", .., Sn", the flame temperatures of the individual burners B1, .., Bn can be inferred. A burner with a too high flame temperature can be identified accordingly. The sensors S1 ", .., Sn" are also connected to a measuring unit 12. The throttle bodies for the fuel supply are not shown, but are installed in the fuel feed lines analogously to FIG. 1.
Insgesamt ergeben sich mit der Erfindung die folgenden Vorteile: • Absenkung der maximalen Temperatur in der Brennkammer, insbesondere von Gasturbinen; • Reduktion der NOx-Emissionen, insbesondere von Gasturbinen; • Vergleichmässigung der Temperaturverteilung und somit der thermischen Bauteilbelastung; • Einfache Einstellbarkeit und einfacher Einbau; • Hohe Funktionssicherheit. BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEOverall, the following advantages result from the invention: lowering of the maximum temperature in the combustion chamber, in particular of gas turbines; • Reduction of NOx emissions, especially from gas turbines; • equalization of the temperature distribution and thus the thermal component load; • Easy adjustability and easy installation; • High functional reliability. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Brenneranordnung10 burner arrangement
11 Brennstoffversorgung11 Fuel supply
12 Messeinheit12 measuring unit
13 Brennkammer13 combustion chamber
14 Turbine (Gasturbine)14 turbine (gas turbine)
15 einstellbares Ventil15 adjustable valve
16 Drosselschraube16 throttle screw
17 Blende17 aperture
18 Blendenöffnung18 aperture
19 Brennstoffzuleitung19 Fuel supply line
B1,. .,Bn Brenner (z.B. Doppelkegelbrenner)B1 ,. ., Bn burner (e.g. double cone burner)
D1 , .Dn DrosselorganD1, .Dn throttle body
F1, „Fn FlammeF1, "Fn flame
S1 ,. .,Sn SensorS1,. ., Sn sensor
SV, ..,Sn' SensorSV, .., Sn 'sensor
S1", ,.,Sn" Sensor S1 ",,., Sn" sensor

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Reduktion der NOx-Emissionen einer mehrere Brenner (B1,..,Bn) umfassenden Brenneranordnung (10), insbesondere in einer1. Method for reducing the NOx emissions of a burner arrangement (10) comprising several burners (B1, .., Bn), in particular in one
Gasturbine, welche Brenner (B1 ,..,Bn) parallel betrieben werden und jeweils zugeführten Brennstoff mittels Verbrennungsluft unter Bildung einer Flamme (F1,..,Fn) verbrennen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt direkt oder indirekt die Flammentemperaturen einzelner Brenner (B1 ,..,Bn) oder Brennergruppen oder Differenzen zwischen denGas turbine, which burners (B1, .., Bn) are operated in parallel and in each case burn the supplied fuel by means of combustion air to form a flame (F1, .., Fn), characterized in that the flame temperatures of individual burners are directly or indirectly at a predetermined time (B1, .., Bn) or burner groups or differences between the
Flammentemperaturen einzelner Brenner (B1,..,Bn) oder Brennergruppen gemessen werden, und dass selektiv bei denjenigen Brennern oder Brennergruppen, deren Flammentemperatur einen vorgegebenen Wert der Flammentemperatur überschreitet, die Brennstoffzufuhr zur Homogenisierung der Flammentemperaturen der Brenner (B1,..,Bn) gedrosselt wird.Flame temperatures of individual burners (B1, .., Bn) or burner groups are measured, and that, for those burners or burner groups whose flame temperature exceeds a predetermined value of the flame temperature, the fuel supply for homogenizing the flame temperatures of the burners (B1, .., Bn) is throttled.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schritte der Flammentemperaturmessung und der nachfolgenden Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr einzelner Brenner oder Brennergruppen einmal oder mehrmals wiederholt werden, bis ein vorgegebener Grad an Homogenität der Flammentemperaturen erreicht ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps of flame temperature measurement and the subsequent throttling of the fuel supply of individual burners or burner groups are repeated one or more times until a predetermined degree of homogeneity of the flame temperatures is reached.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Brenner (B1 ,..,Bn) oder Brennergruppen jeweils über eine Brennstoffzuleitung (19) mit Brennstoff versorgt werden, und dass die Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr mittels eines in der Brennstoffzuleitung (19) angeordneten Drosselorgans (D1 ,..,Dn) vorgenommen wird.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual burners (B1, .., Bn) or burner groups are each supplied with fuel via a fuel feed line (19), and that the throttling of the fuel supply by means of a Fuel supply line (19) arranged throttle body (D1, .., Dn) is made.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung der Flammentemperaturen direkt an den Flammen (F1 ,..,Fn) vorgenommen wird. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measurement of the flame temperatures is carried out directly on the flames (F1, .., Fn).
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung der Flammentemperaturen auf optischem Wege erfolgt.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the measurement of the flame temperatures takes place optically.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung der Flammentemperaturen auf indirektem Wege erfolgt.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flame temperatures are measured indirectly.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flammen (F1 ,..,Fn) in einer Brennkammer (13) erzeugt werden, und dass zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen die Temperaturen ausgewählter Teile oder Bereiche der Brennkammer (19) gemessen werden.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the flames (F1, .., Fn) are generated in a combustion chamber (13), and that the temperatures of selected parts or areas of the combustion chamber (19) are measured to measure the flame temperatures.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von den Brennern (B1,..Bn) in den Flammen (F1 ,..,Fn) erzeugten heissen Gase durch eine Nutzungseinrichtung, insbesondere eine Gasturbine (14), geschickt werden, und dass zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen der Brenner (B1 ,..,Bn) oder Brennergruppen die Temperaturen am Ausgang der Nutzungseinrichtung gemessen werden.8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the hot gases generated by the burners (B1, .. Bn) in the flames (F1, .., Fn) are sent through a utilization device, in particular a gas turbine (14), and that to measure the flame temperatures of the burners (B1, .., Bn) or burner groups, the temperatures at the outlet of the utilization device are measured.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein einstellbares Drosselorgan (D1 ,..,Dn) verwendet wird.9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that an adjustable throttle element (D1, .., Dn) is used.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als einstellbares Drosselorgan (D1 ,..,Dn) ein einstellbares Ventil (15) verwendet wird. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that an adjustable valve (15) is used as an adjustable throttle member (D1, .., Dn).
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als einstellbares Drosselorgan (D1 ,..,Dn) eine verstellbare Drosselschraube (16) verwendet wird.11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that an adjustable throttle screw (16) is used as an adjustable throttle member (D1, .., Dn).
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als einstellbares Drosselorgan (D1 ,..,Dn) eine auswechselbare Blende (17) mit einer vorgegebenen Blendenöffnung (18) verwendet wird. 12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that an interchangeable diaphragm (17) with a predetermined diaphragm opening (18) is used as an adjustable throttle member (D1, .., Dn).
13. Brenneranordnung (10) zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 , welche Anordnung eine Mehrzahl von Brennern (B1 ,..,Bn) umfasst , die parallel betreibbar und einzeln oder in Gruppen über eine Brennstoffzuleitung (19) an eine Brennstoffversorgung 11 ) angeschlossen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass erste Mittel (S1,..,Sn; S1',..,Sn'; S1",..,Sn"; 12) zur Messung der Flammentemperaturen der einzelnen Brenner (B1,..,Bn) oder Brennergruppen vorgesehen sind, und dass in den Brennstoffzuleitungen (19) zweite Mittel (D1 ,..,Dn; 15,..,18) zur einstellbaren Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr angeordnet sind.13. burner arrangement (10) for carrying out the method according to claim 1, which arrangement comprises a plurality of burners (B1, .., Bn) which can be operated in parallel and connected individually or in groups via a fuel feed line (19) to a fuel supply 11) are characterized in that first means (S1, .., Sn; S1 ', .., Sn'; S1 ", .., Sn"; 12) for measuring the flame temperatures of the individual burners (B1, .., Bn ) or burner groups are provided, and that second means (D1, .., Dn; 15, .., 18) are arranged in the fuel supply lines (19) for adjustable throttling of the fuel supply.
14. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel eine Mehrzahl von Sensoren (S1,..,Sn; S1 ',..,Sn'; S1",..,Sn") umfassen, welche an eine Messeinheit (12) angeschlossen sind. 14. Burner arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the first means comprise a plurality of sensors (S1, .., Sn; S1 ', .., Sn'; S1 ", .., Sn") which are connected to a measuring unit (12) are connected.
15. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoren (S1 ,..,Sn) zur direkten Messung der Flammentemperatur, vorzugsweise auf optischem Wege, ausgebildet sind.15. Burner arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the sensors (S1, .., Sn) are designed for direct measurement of the flame temperature, preferably optically.
16. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoren (S1\..,Sn') zur Messung der Temperatur von Bauteilen ausgebildet sind, dass die Brenner (B1 ,..,Bn) in einer oder mehreren Brennkammern (13) untergebracht sind, und dass die Sensoren (S1',..,Sn') in oder an der oder den Brennkammern (13) verteilt angeordnet sind. 16. Burner arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the sensors (S1 \ .., Sn ') are designed to measure the temperature of components, that the burners (B1, .., Bn) in one or more combustion chambers (13) are accommodated, and that the sensors (S1 ', .., Sn') are distributed in or on the combustion chamber or chambers (13).
17. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hinter der Brenneranordnung (10) eine Nutzungseinrichtung für die heissen Gase, insbesondere in Form einer Gasturbine (14), angeordnet ist, dass die Sensoren (S1",..,Sn") zur Messung der Temperatur heisser Gase ausgebildet sind, und dass die Sensoren am Ausgang der Nutzungseinrichtung (14) angeordnet sind. 17. Burner arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that a use device for the hot gases, in particular in the form of a gas turbine (14), is arranged behind the burner arrangement (10), that the sensors (S1 ", .., Sn") for Measurement of the temperature of hot gases are formed, and that the sensors are arranged at the output of the use device (14).
18. Brenneranordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 13-17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweiten Mittel einstellbare Drosselorgane (D1,..,Dn) zur Drosselung der Brennstoffzufuhr umfassen. 18. Burner arrangement according to one of claims 13-17, characterized in that the second means comprise adjustable throttle bodies (D1, .., Dn) for throttling the fuel supply.
19. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drosselorgane (D1 ,..,Dn) ein einstellbares Ventil (15) oder eine verstellbare Drosselschraube (16) umfassen.19. Burner arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that the throttle members (D1, .., Dn) comprise an adjustable valve (15) or an adjustable throttle screw (16).
20. Brenneranordnung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drosselorgane (D1 ,..,Dn) eine auswechselbare Blende (17) mit einer fest vorgegebenen Blendenöffnung (18) umfassen. 20. Burner arrangement according to claim 18, characterized in that the throttle elements (D1, .., Dn) comprise an interchangeable diaphragm (17) with a fixed diaphragm opening (18).
EP04766213.5A 2003-07-24 2004-07-14 Method for reducing nox emissions from a burner assembly, comprising several burners, and burner assembly for carrying out said method Expired - Fee Related EP1649218B1 (en)

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DE10333671A DE10333671A1 (en) 2003-07-24 2003-07-24 Method for reducing the NOx emissions of a burner assembly comprising several burners and burner arrangement for carrying out the method
PCT/EP2004/051483 WO2005010437A1 (en) 2003-07-24 2004-07-14 Method for reducing nox emissions from a burner assembly, comprising several burners, and burner assembly for carrying out said method

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EP1649218B1 (en) 2015-12-02
AU2004259859A1 (en) 2005-02-03
AU2010246518B9 (en) 2013-01-10
MY149466A (en) 2013-08-30
AU2010246518B2 (en) 2012-08-09
US8516825B2 (en) 2013-08-27
WO2005010437A1 (en) 2005-02-03
AU2010246518A1 (en) 2010-12-23
DE10333671A1 (en) 2005-08-04
US20060144049A1 (en) 2006-07-06

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