Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
  • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
  • B62D61/00—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
  • B62D61/10—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with more than four wheels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
  • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
  • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
  • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
  • B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive

Definitions

• the invention relates to a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering” machine, with a mass greater than 40 tonnes. Although not limited to such applications, the invention will be more particularly described with reference to a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering” machine, with a mass greater than 500 tonnes, equipped with tires diameter greater than three and a half meters with an axial width greater than 37 inches.
• Such vehicles generally intended to carry heavy loads, include a front axle assembly comprising two steering wheels and a rear axle assembly, most often rigid, comprising four drive wheels distributed two by two on each side.
• a train is defined as a set of elements used to connect the fixed structure of the vehicle to the ground.
• the axial or transverse direction of the tire is parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
• the circumferential direction of the tire, or longitudinal direction is the direction corresponding to the periphery of the tire and defined by the rolling direction of the tire.
• the axis of rotation of the tire is the axis around which it rotates in normal use.
• a heavy vehicle such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine with a mass greater than 40 tonnes, comprising a steering gear fitted with at least two tires and of an engine train through which is transmitted at least part of the traction, the engine train comprising four tires, for example associated by two on either side of the train according to usual configurations, at most two tires of the engine train transmitting at least a part of the permanent traction and at least the tires of the drive train being individually associated with a braking device.
• a heavy vehicle with a mass greater than 500 tonnes such as a transport vehicle or a "Civil Engineering" machine equipped with structural tires.
• radial with a diameter greater than three and a half meters having an axial width greater than 37 inches comprising a steering front axle provided with at least two tires and a rear engine undercarriage by which at least part of the traction is transmitted, the train rear engine comprising four tires, at most two tires transmitting at least part of the traction permanently and at least the tires of the engine train being individually associated with a braking device.
• the tires of the steering gear are individually associated with a braking device.
• the axially inner tires mounted on the drive train continuously transmit at least part of the traction.
• the drive train comprises four tires and preferably, the two axially external tires of the drive train which advantageously do not transmit motivity have the essential function only of carrying part of the load.
• Such an embodiment will make it possible to reduce the longitudinal stresses appearing in particular when the vehicle follows the drawing of a curve.
• the axially outermost tires cover a greater distance for the one who is outside the curve and less for the one inside the curve. This phenomenon is amplified in the context of the invention due to the width of the tires.
• the tires are individually associated with a braking device so as to be able to slow down or stop this type of vehicle under the best conditions, regardless of the conditions of use of the vehicle at the time of braking and, in particular, when the vehicle is on a curve or when it is on a slope.
• This association of a braking device with each of the tires also makes it possible to limit the wear of the tires and improves the distribution of the wear, induced by braking, between the different tires.
• the invention thus makes it possible in fact to avoid increased wear of certain tires which alone would be associated with a braking device.
• the wear and tear induced by braking is particularly important in the case of dumper type vehicles which are required to follow steep courses with considerable loads which impose long and continuous braking.
• the invention thus advantageously proposes to combine the vehicle as defined above with a wheelless mounting on the engine train, the tires being placed on the train provided for this purpose by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of tires and second locking rings guaranteeing the positioning of said first rings and therefore of tires.
• the invention requires according to this embodiment to provide on the hub of the recesses to receive the locking rings, the establishment of two of these rings being necessary by tire.
• An alternative embodiment of the invention also provides that the tires of the steering gear can advantageously transmit part of the traction.
• the steering train comprises four tires, at least two tires of said steering train transmitting a part of the traction, as mentioned previously in the case of the power train.
• the two axially inner tires are preferably the tires transmitting traction.
• the invention also advantageously provides, as described above in the case of the power train, that the tires are mounted without a wheel, said tires being placed on the hub provided for this purpose by means of first mounting rings forming the seats of the beads of the tires and of second locking rings guaranteeing the positioning of said first rings and therefore of the tires, according to a technique as described in patent application WO 00/71365 cited above.
• the invention requires according to this realization of providing on the steering hub four recesses on either side to receive the locking rings, the establishment of two of these rings being necessary by pneumatic.
• Another alternative embodiment of the invention provides that at least two tires of the power train, and preferably the tires of the power train axially outside, do not transmit traction only when the vehicle follows a non-straight path, or preferably when it follows a curve whose radius of curvature is less than a predetermined value.
• Such an embodiment can be obtained by a device for decoupling between said tires and the members transmitting motor skills.
• Such a device can be controlled by the directional members of the vehicle according to any means known to a person skilled in the art.
• the invention advantageously provides that the variant providing that at least two tires of the steering gear transmit part of the traction, is only effective when the vehicle follows a non-rectilinear trajectory, or preferably when it follows a curve whose radius of curvature is less than a predetermined value.
• said steering gear when all the tires of the steering gear transmit at least part of the traction, said steering gear is equipped with one or more devices making it possible to confer different speeds on the different tires. different rotation adapted in particular to attenuate the wear of the different tires in particular during the passages of curves.
• Such an alternative embodiment provides, for example, that the tires of the steering train all participate in the transmission of motor skills by means of devices, such as differentials, which control the participation of each of the tires according to the running conditions of the vehicle.
• the invention also provides for the case of a vehicle as described above, each of the tires of which is associated with an electric motor, for example incorporated in the wheel associated with the tire or in the hub of the train near a tire in the case of an embodiment according to the technique described in document WO 00/71365, cited above.
• the use of electric motors associated with a tire will allow distributions of variable traction according to the tires and the trajectory followed.
• the invention also provides that only part of the tires transmitting the motor skills is driven by electric motors; these may for example be tires of the front axle, those of the rear axle being associated with conventional engine and transmission.
• the invention also provides when the drive is only due to electric motors, that only certain tires are associated with such electric motors and that the other tires have the essential function only of carrying.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 represent: - figurel, a diagram seen from above of a vehicle according to the invention, - Figure 2, a diagram seen from above of a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• the figures are not shown to scale to simplify understanding.
• FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a half-vehicle 1 produced in accordance with the invention which comprises four tires on the engine rear axle 6 and two directional tires on the steering front axle 7.
• the figure illustrating only one half of the vehicle only two tires 2, 3 are shown on the rear axle 6 and a tire 4 on the front axle 7.
• the vehicle 1 shown diagrammatically in this FIG. 1 is a heavy vehicle having a total laden weight of the order of 600 tons.
• the tires fitted to the vehicle are large tires with an aspect ratio H / S of 0.80, H being the height of the tire over rim and S the maximum axial width of the tire, when the latter is mounted on its service rim and inflated to its recommended pressure. These are 59 / 80R63 tires. These tires comprise a radial carcass reinforcement composed of inextensible metallic cables of steel oriented radially, anchored in each bead of the tires.
• the tires 2, 3 of the rear axle 6 are mounted according to the technique described in patent application WO 00/71365. According to this technique, the train 6 of the vehicle is designed to receive the tires 2, 3 by means of rings having a surface forming the seat for receiving the beads of the tires.
• the surface of these rings is advantageously of frustoconical shape.
• the receiving rings are themselves locked on the hub of the train by means of locking rings, part of their surface of which is complementary to the form of recesses provided on said hub in which said locking rings are inserted.
• the tire 3 has the essential function only of carrying and does not participate in the transmission of motor skills.
• Such an embodiment consists in attaching the tire 3 to a system of the free bearing type which allows the free rotation of said tire 3. This embodiment allows when the vehicle follows a curve curve, and in particular in turns with a small radius of curvature, to follow its journey without undergoing additional stresses due solely to its position on the train which leads it to follow a longer or shorter trajectory than the tires 2.
• Tests have been carried out to show the lifetimes of a train of four tires 59 / 80R63 according to the invention fitted to the rear axle of a vehicle, only the axially inner tires transmitting traction, and of a train of four identical tires fitted to the rear axle of a similar vehicle, the four tires permanently transmitting the traction.
• the results obtained are presented below: On a base 100 corresponding to the results obtained with the rear axle equipped with four tires permanently transmitting motor skills, the results show that the tires of a vehicle according to the invention have an average lifespan equivalent to 118 when only the axially inner tires of the rear axle transmitting traction. It appears that the results obtained according to the invention are clearly superior.
• the invention can provide that the tire 4 mounted on the front axle 7 also participates in the transmission of motor skills.
• the fact that the tire 4 transmits part of the traction can improve the handling of the vehicle in curved trajectories.
• a traction transmitted partially by the tires of the front axle can facilitate tracking of the trajectory when these same tires are turned, in particular when the vehicle is loaded. It appears, in fact, that under certain loading and driving conditions, the maneuverability of such a vehicle along a curve trajectory equipped with four tires 2, 3 as described above on the rear axle 6, two of them transmitting traction is very difficult or even impossible, the vehicle not responding to the steering imposed by the tires of the front axle. These conditions can also lead to cleavage and destruction of the front axle tires.
• Another variant of the invention provides for the tires 4 of the front axle 7 participating in the transmission of the motor skills to be driven individually by electric motors.
• FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a vehicle l 'according to the invention, which differs from the previous one by the presence of a complementary 5 ′ tire mounted on the front axle 7 ′ and therefore steering. The addition of this tire 5 ′ can allow a distribution of the load on more tires.
• Such an embodiment can make it possible, for example, to further increase the load capacity or even to allow a reduction in the size of the tires.
• An embodiment according to FIG. 2 can also make it possible to improve the handling of the vehicle under conditions such as those mentioned above which can lead to cleavage of the steering tires of the front axle 7 '. Indeed, the increase in the number of tires will make it possible to better resist the constraints leading to this cleavage and thus succeed in imposing the change of direction.
• the production of such a vehicle l 'can provide that the tire 5' has the sole function of carrying part of the load.
• the tire 5 ′ can participate in the transmission of the motor skills either permanently or temporarily as mentioned above, or even in a variable manner, for example by the use of electric motors.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
• Tires In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34178772

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (16)

• 2004
  • 2004-07-12 JP JP2006519849A patent/JP5037124B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-07-12 CN CN200480020454XA patent/CN1822979B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-07-12 WO PCT/EP2004/007661 patent/WO2005016729A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-07-12 EP EP04740918A patent/EP1648757A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-07-12 CA CA2531998A patent/CA2531998C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-01-12 US US11/331,289 patent/US7448457B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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