EP1644952B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1644952B1
EP1644952B1 EP04738058A EP04738058A EP1644952B1 EP 1644952 B1 EP1644952 B1 EP 1644952B1 EP 04738058 A EP04738058 A EP 04738058A EP 04738058 A EP04738058 A EP 04738058A EP 1644952 B1 EP1644952 B1 EP 1644952B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
moving electrode
path
magnetic field
liquid metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04738058A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1644952A1 (de
Inventor
Kaveh Niayesh
Friedrich Koenig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to PL04738058T priority Critical patent/PL1644952T3/pl
Priority to EP04738058A priority patent/EP1644952B1/de
Publication of EP1644952A1 publication Critical patent/EP1644952A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1644952B1 publication Critical patent/EP1644952B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
    • H01H29/02—Details
    • H01H29/04—Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
    • H01H29/006—Self interrupters, e.g. with periodic or other repetitive opening and closing of contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H53/00—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
    • H01H53/08—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them wherein a mercury contact constitutes the current-carrying conductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of primary technology for electrical switchgear, in particular the limitation of fault currents in high, medium or low voltage switchgear. It is based on a method and a device for current limiting and of a switchgear with such a device according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • DE 40 12 385 A1 discloses a current-controlled shutdown device whose operating principle is based on the pinch effect with liquid metal. Between two solid metal electrodes, a single, narrow, filled with liquid metal channel is arranged. In the event of overcurrent, the liquid conductor is contracted due to the electromagnetic force due to the pinch effect, so that the current itself strangulates and separates the liquid conductor. The displaced liquid metal is collected in a reservoir and flows back after the overcurrent event. The contact separation takes place without an arc.
  • the device is only suitable for relatively small currents, low voltages and slow turn-off times and does not provide a permanent turn-off state.
  • a high current electrical switch with liquid metal discloses a high current electrical switch with liquid metal.
  • a liquid metal mixture is used for wetting solid metal electrodes and for reducing the contact resistance.
  • the liquid metal by mechanical displacement, z. B. by moving contacts or pneumatically driven plunger, driven against gravity in the contact gap.
  • the liquid metal can be additionally stabilized in the contact gap and held.
  • External magnetic fields and magnetic leakage fluxes, eg. B. by the power supplies can cause flow instabilities in the liquid metal and are shielded and optionally approved when switching off to assist in extinguishing the arc in the liquid metal.
  • the disadvantage is that a gradual current limitation is not possible and cause arcs between the solid electrodes oxidation in the liquid metal.
  • the design of the high-current switch includes seals for liquid metal, inert gas or vacuum and is correspondingly expensive.
  • a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal Between two fixed metal electrodes, a pressure-resistant insulating housing is arranged, is arranged in the liquid metal in the compressor rooms and in intermediate connecting the compressor compartments connecting channels, so that a current path is given for nominal currents between the fixed electrodes.
  • the connection channels are strongly heated during short-circuit currents and secrete a gas.
  • the liquid metal evaporates into the compressor chambers, so that a current-limiting arc is ignited in the now liquid-metal-depleted connection channels. After the overcurrent has subsided, the liquid metal can condense again and the current path is ready for operation again.
  • the connecting channels are widened conically upwards, so that the liquid level of the liquid metal varies and the rated current carrying capacity can be changed over a wide range.
  • a meandering current path is formed by an offset arrangement of the connecting channels, so that a series of current-limiting arcs is ignited in the event of overflow-induced evaporation of the liquid metal.
  • Such pinch effect current limiters require a very stable in terms of pressure and temperature construction, which is structurally complex. Due to the current limitation by means of an arc, large wear occurs inside the current limiter and burnt-off residues can contaminate the liquid metal. As a result of the recondensation of the liquid metal, a conductive state returns immediately after a short circuit, with the result that no switch-off state is present.
  • GB 1 206 786 discloses a liquid metal based electrical high current switch.
  • the liquid metal forms in a first position a first current path for the operating current and is guided during current switching along a resistive element and brought into a second position in which it is in series with the resistive element and reduces the current to a small fraction.
  • the high-current switch is designed to generate high-intensity current pulses in the mega- ampere and sub-millisecond range for plasma generation.
  • a movable electrode is realized in the form of a slide which can be moved on rails, which can be electromagnetically deflected by short-circuit currents. In the deflected state, the carriage contacts a rail area which has a current-limiting electrical resistance for the current path.
  • a liquid metal column which is easily movable in a channel can also serve as a movable electrode.
  • the current limiter in turn, has no turn-off state, but is arranged in series with a power switch to initially limit the current and then turn it off completely.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a method, a device and an electrical switchgear with such a device for improved and simplified current limitation and power cutoff. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent claims.
  • the invention resides in a current limiting method comprising a current limiting device comprising fixed electrodes and at least one movable electrode, wherein in a first operating state between the stationary electrodes an operating current is passed on a first current path through the current limiting device and the first current path is at least partially passed through the located in a first position movable electrode, wherein in a second operating state, the at least one movable electrode is automatically moved by an electromagnetic interaction with the overcurrent to be limited along a direction of movement in at least a second position, the movable electrode at a Transition is guided from the first position to the second position along a resistive element and in the at least one second position in series with the resistive element and thereby a current limiting second current path is formed by the current limiting device having a predetermined electrical resistance, further wherein in a third operating state, the movable electrode is in series with an insulator and thereby an insulation gap for power shutdown is formed by the device.
  • the overcurrent itself triggers the current limit.
  • B. the Lorenz force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field in question, but also a capacitive, inductive, electrostatic or otherwise electromagnetic influence of the overcurrent on the movable conductor portion or the movable electrode are conceivable. Since no insulator, but an electrical resistance is contacted by the movable electrode in current limiting case, no arc is ignited. Therefore, the current limiting method can be used even at very high voltage levels. In addition, hardly occurs wear due to erosion or corrosion of the movable electrode. The current limitation is reversible and is therefore easy to maintain and inexpensive.
  • the third operating state is triggered by a shutdown command, by which an external magnetic field is switched between an operation of the device as a current limiter and as a power switch.
  • the movable electrode in the third operating state, is moved along an opposite direction of movement into at least a third position and is in the at least one third position in series with the insulator.
  • the movable electrode is automatically guided by the electromagnetic interaction with the overcurrent to be limited along the resistance element to an extremal second position, wherein the extremal second position is in a region where the resistance element merges into an insulator, so that the or a further isolation path for power cut is formed.
  • the resistance element is selected to provide a smooth turn-off characteristic with a non-linearly increasing electrical resistance for the second current path along the direction of movement of the movable electrode; and / or the resistive element is ohmic and the electrical resistance increases continuously with the second position. In this way, a gentle current limiting characteristic for a progressive current limitation is realized.
  • the embodiment according to claim 6 has the advantage that the magnetic field acts directly on the current-carrying movable electrode and sets them in motion by the Lorenz force.
  • the Lorenz force is proportional to the product of magnetic field strength and current.
  • the magnetic field can be generated externally, in particular constant or switchable, or internally, in particular by the current to be limited.
  • Claim 7 specifies sizing criteria for optimal design of the dynamics of the current limiting operation.
  • Claim 8 and 9 indicate advantageous embodiments with a liquid metal and / or a sliding contact solid-state conductor as a movable electrode.
  • a series connection of liquid metal columns alternately with a dielectric and high voltages and high currents can be handled efficiently and safely.
  • the invention relates to a device for current limiting, in particular for carrying out the method comprising fixed electrodes and at least one movable electrode, wherein in a first operating state between the fixed electrodes, a first current path for an operating current through the current limiting device is present and the first Current path at least partially through the located in a first position movable electrode, wherein electromagnetic drive means for self-energized in overcurrent moving the movable electrode along a direction of movement in at least a second position are present, electrical resistance means are provided with a predetermined electrical resistance and in a second operating state, the movable electrode is at least partially in series with the resistance means and forms together with these a second current path on which the operating current can be limited to a current to be limited in a third operating state, the movable electrode is in series with an insulator and thereby an isolation path for power shutdown by the device is present.
  • the current limiter 1 comprises solid metal electrodes 2a, 2b and intermediate electrodes 2c for a power supply 20 and a container 4 for the liquid metal 3.
  • the container 4 has a bottom 6 and cover 6 of insulator material, between which an electrical resistance means 5 with at least one channel 3a for the liquid metal 3 is arranged.
  • a protective gas for example, an insulating liquid (with not shown here alternate volume) or vacuum may be arranged.
  • the liquid metal 3 or, in general, a movable electrode 3, 3 ' is set in motion by an automatic, electromagnetic interaction with the overcurrent I 2 to be limited.
  • this remains in the liquid state of matter and is selectively moved by the forced movement between the different positions x 1 , x 12 or x 2 .
  • the pinch effect is not used.
  • Very fast current limiting reaction times of up to less than 1 ms can be achieved.
  • an insulation path (not shown) is present.
  • the second operating state is activated by the overcurrent I 2 automatically by the current-carrying movable electrode 3, 3 'by an electromagnetic force F mag is moved perpendicular to the current I 2 through the movable electrode 3, 3' and perpendicular to a magnetic field B ext , B int and which has a force component parallel to the direction of movement x, 1, wherein the magnetic field B ext, B int as an external magnetic field B ext and / or as an internal, from a power supply 2a, 2b; 20 generated to the current limiting device 1 magnetic field B int is selected.
  • Lorenzkraft can also be another automatic electromagnetic interaction with the overcurrent I 2 , z.
  • a capacitive, inductive, electrostatic or other interaction are used to limit the current. This automatically means that the movement of the movable electrode is triggered and controlled without active current measurement and without active control technology.
  • a first operating state (FIG. 1 a) an operating or rated current I 1 flows on a first or rated current path 30 from the input electrode 2 a via liquid metal 3 and optionally intermediate electrodes 2 c to the output electrode 2 b.
  • the liquid metal 3 is in the first position x 1 , at least partially wets the stationary electrodes 2 a, 2 b, 2 c and electrically bridges the channels 3 a.
  • a second operating state FIG.
  • the liquid metal 3 is moved along the direction of movement x, given by a height extent of the channels 3 a, into a second position x 2 , lies there in series with the electrical resistance means 5 and forms with it a second current path or current limiting path 31 for a current I 2 to be limited.
  • the rated current path 30 and the current-limiting second current path 31 are arranged parallel to one another and both perpendicular to the height extent of the channels 3a on a variable, by the second position x 12 , x 2 of the liquid metal 3 predeterminable height.
  • the resistance means 5 comprises a dielectric matrix 5, the wall-like webs 5a for dielectric separation of a plurality of channels 3a has for the liquid metal 3, wherein the webs 5a comprise a dielectric material in the direction of movement x increasing, and preferably non-linearly increasing resistance R x.
  • the webs 5a thus represent individual resistors 5a of the resistive element 5 with an increasing along the channel height and preferably non-linearly increasing electrical resistance R x .
  • the webs 5a intermediate electrodes 2c to the electrically conductive connection of the channels 3a exhibit.
  • the channels 3a are preferably arranged substantially parallel to each other.
  • the current-limiting second current path 31 is formed by an alternating series connection of filled with liquid metal 3 channel regions 3a and the webs 5a, which act as progressive with their length and preferably non-linearly progressive individual resistors 5a of the resistive element 5.
  • the movable electrode 3, 3 ' comprises a solid-state conductor 3' with at least one sliding contact 2d and in the first operating state with the stationary electrodes 2a, 2b, in the second operating state at least on one side with the resistance element 5 and third operating state is electrically connected at least on one side with the insulator 8.
  • the solid-state conductor 3 ' is essentially made of light metal and / or in lightweight construction, for example made of metal-coated cork, and / or the sliding contact 2d is wetted with liquid metal to reduce friction.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the solid-state conductor 3 'is rotatably connected at one end to the input electrode 2a and at the other end with the sliding contact slidably along a circular arc-shaped resistance element 5 is movable.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which the solid-state conductor 3, 3 'sliding contacts 2d has at both ends and between wall-like resistors 5a of the resistance means 5 as a balance beam over its entire length by the electromagnetic interaction against a restoring force F r , in particular against gravity , can be raised.
  • the path positions l 1 , l 12 , l 2 of the sliding contact 2 d correspond to the aforementioned second positions x 1 , x 12 , x 2 of the liquid metal column 3.
  • the extreme second position l 12 may be in the area where the resistance means 5 in an insulator 8 passes, so that an insulation gap 32 for power cut is present.
  • the resistance element 5 has an electrical resistance R x , R 1 for the second current path 31 which non-linearly increases along the direction of movement x, l of the movable electrode 3, 3 '.
  • the resistance element 5 should have an ohmic component and is preferably purely ohmic with an electrical resistance R x , R 1 , which increases continuously with the second position x 12 , x 2 , l 12 , l 2 .
  • It can also be connected in series with two current limiter 1 with anti-phase effective triggering of the electrode movement in order to achieve a current limit and possibly power cut in each half-wave current.
  • Fig. 4 shows a variant of the current limiter 1, in which a collecting container 3b for receiving the liquid metal 3 and to provide an insulation gap 32 for power cut is present.
  • a liquid metal feed 3c for filling the liquid metal 3 in the channels 3a and switching the device 1 back on.
  • the insulating webs 8a consist essentially of insulating material, are preferably arranged in the region of the collecting container 3c and, together with the channels emptied by the trapped liquid metal 3, form the insulating path 32
  • the liquid metal 3 between the rated current path 30, the current limiting path 31 and the insulation gap 32 for power cut movable so that an integrated current-limiting switch 1 is realized on liquid metal base.
  • the first current path 30 for operating current I 1 , the second current path 31 for current limiting and the isolation path 32 are arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement x and / or substantially parallel to each other. This results in a particularly simple configuration for an integrated current limiter - circuit breaker 1, which works exclusively with liquid metal 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows for the current-limiting switch 1, a dimensioning of the electrical resistance R x , R 1 as a function of the second position x 12 , l 12 of the movable electrode 3, 3 '.
  • the resistor R x , R 1 is selected to be non-linearly increasing up to an extreme second position X 2 , l 2 to a maximum value R x (x 2 ), R 1 (l 2 ). Also intended for a given voltage level of the maximum value of R x (x 2), R 1 (l 2) of the electrical resistance R x, R 1 in accordance with one to limiting current I 2 to a finite value, or for switching off the operating current I 1 to a dielectric insulation value are measured.
  • the electrical resistance R x , R 1 as a function R x (x 12 ), R 1 (l 12 ) of the second position x 12 , l 12 and a path-time characteristic x 12 (t), l 12 (t) of the movable Electrode 3, 3 'along the direction of movement x, l should be chosen so that in every second position x 12 , x 2 , l 12 , l 2 of the movable electrode 3, 3', the product of electrical resistance R x , R 1 and Current I 2 is smaller than an arc ignition voltage U b between the movable electrode 3, 3 'and the fixed electrodes 2a, 2b and optionally intermediate electrodes 2c and / or that a sufficient slope of the current limit for controlling network-related short-circuit currents i (t) is achieved.
  • the magnetic field means 2a, 2b, 20; 11 means 11 for generating an external controllable and in particular reversible magnetic field B ext include.
  • a current-limiting parameter R x of the current limiting parameters and the breakdown behavior of the contacts 2 a, 2 b that are to be disconnected are necessary.
  • R x Starting from the first position x 1 , ie when detaching the liquid metal 3 from the fixed electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c, R x initially increases disproportionately with the second position x 12 , then increases linearly in a phase in which the in the network inductance L stored energy must be absorbed and then goes in a region where the current i is already limited and larger R x tolerable, again in a steeper, ie disproportionate increase R x (x 12 ) over.
  • the total resistance of the current limiter 1 is determined in the first operating state at nominal current I 1 by the liquid metal sections 3 and can therefore be set to predetermined values by providing a suitable liquid metal cross section.
  • the maximum resistance R x (x 12 ) of the current limiter 1 can be dimensioned by selecting the resistance material 5 and by its geometric shape in accordance with a desired voltage level and maximum allowable overcurrent I 2 .
  • a resistance R x which increases nonlinearly with the distance x can be realized by materials having different specific resistances.
  • a non-linearly increasing total resistance R x can also be realized by a suitable geometric guidance of the current path in a resistance element with homogeneous resistivity.
  • the non-linear graduation of the resistance R x can also be achieved by a combination of both measures, namely by a suitable geometrical current conduction in a resistance element with variable resistivity.
  • the threshold current I th from which the current limiting device 1 is activated, occurs when the electromagnetic drive force F mag exceeds the restoring force F r .
  • Fig. 1b shows the position of the liquid metal 3 in the current limiting case. Due to the current limiting effect, the electromagnetic force F mag on the liquid metal 3 decreases and the liquid metal 3 flows under the action of the gravitational force F g back to the starting position between the electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the reconnection time t d can be adapted to the requirements of different applications by a suitable design of the current limiter 1.
  • the channel height h and the capillary forces F cap influencing variables such as channel cross-sectional area A, channel geometry and surface condition of the channels, as well as the type of liquid metal 3 are to be selected accordingly.
  • the dissipated energy E loss heats the current limiter 1.
  • A cross-sectional area of the liquid metal parts (as before)
  • 1 total length of the current limiter 1 or the resistance element 5
  • p ' average mass density of the current limiter 1
  • c' average heat capacity of the current limiter 1.
  • the loss energy E loss is in the present Case of resistive current limiting much smaller than current limiting by electric arc.
  • a significant advantage of the distributed or matrix-like resistance element 5 is also that the power loss E loss occurs largely homogeneously distributed over the volume of the current limiter 1 and accordingly the entire thermal mass or heat capacity for absorbing the loss energy E loss can be exploited.
  • Fig. 6 shows a combined liquid metal current limiter 1 and liquid metal circuit breaker 1 with electromagnetic drive means 2a, 2b, 20; 11; B int, B ext 3 for the liquid metal, the magnetic field B int can internally by the increased or efferent current conductor 20 and / or preferably selectable by an external magnetic field with respect to their direction of magnetic field source B ext generated.
  • the current i is guided on the current limiting path 31 and limited as discussed above.
  • the liquid metal 3 in a third operating state, can be moved along the opposite direction of movement -x to at least one third position x 13 , x 3 , wherein the liquid metal 3 is in series with an insulator 8 in the at least one third position x 13 , x 3 and thereby an isolation path 32 for power shutdown is formed by the device 1.
  • the insulation section 8 may be formed by a plurality of insulation webs 8a, which are in the case of disconnection in alternating series connection with the downwardly displaced liquid metal columns 3.
  • Fig. 3 shows in dashed lines the analogous case for negative deflections 1 and positions l 13 , l 3 of a movably suspended solid conductor 3 '.
  • the third operating state is triggered by a switch-off command, by means of which an external magnetic field B ext between an operation of the device 1 as a current limiter and as a power switch is switched over.
  • liquid metal 3 are suitable for. As mercury, gallium, cesium, GaInSn.
  • the at least one isolation path 32 for power cutoff is arranged above the second current path 31 and / or below the first current path 30.
  • a compact arrangement of the liquid metal 3 and its drive mechanism 12 is realized relative to the currents to be switched, in particular to the rated current path 30, current limiting path 31 and current cutoff path 32.
  • inventions relate u.a. the use as current limiter, current-limiting switch and / or circuit breaker 1 in power supply networks, as a self-recovering fuse or as a motor starter.
  • the invention also includes an electrical switchgear, in particular a high or medium voltage switchgear, characterized by a device 1 as described above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)
EP04738058A 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer Expired - Lifetime EP1644952B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04738058T PL1644952T3 (pl) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Sposób i urządzenie do ograniczania prądu z samonastawnym ogranicznikiem prądu
EP04738058A EP1644952B1 (de) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405519 2003-07-10
PCT/CH2004/000417 WO2005006373A1 (de) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer
EP04738058A EP1644952B1 (de) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1644952A1 EP1644952A1 (de) 2006-04-12
EP1644952B1 true EP1644952B1 (de) 2007-09-19

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EP04738058A Expired - Lifetime EP1644952B1 (de) 2003-07-10 2004-07-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem selbstbetätigten strombegrenzer

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20070041138A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1644952B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR20060036448A (zh)
CN (1) CN100446152C (zh)
AT (1) ATE373871T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE502004005030D1 (zh)
PL (1) PL1644952T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005006373A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080037931A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-02-14 Steen Paul H Liquid switches and switching devices and systems and methods thereof
WO2009055763A2 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Kowalik Daniel P Micro-fluidic bubble fuse
ES2530575T3 (es) * 2010-08-03 2015-03-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Un núcleo
CN102324720A (zh) * 2011-09-28 2012-01-18 上海大学 一种故障电流限制器
CN104851732A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2015-08-19 沈涛 可用于电力或电子系统的机械式直流断路器、电力机械
CN104851734A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2015-08-19 舒建兴 可用于电力或电子系统的机械式直流断路器、电力机械
CN106533131B (zh) * 2016-11-18 2023-07-14 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种带脉冲激励装置的直流换流阀
CN107507746B (zh) * 2017-06-30 2018-12-04 西安交通大学 一种液态金属限流装置及方法
CN114743844B (zh) * 2022-03-30 2023-05-12 西南交通大学 一种基于电磁场调控的复合耗能装置

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US4210903A (en) * 1976-02-02 1980-07-01 Semiconductor Circuits, Inc. Method for producing analog-to-digital conversions
US4598332A (en) * 1984-07-20 1986-07-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Current limiting apparatus utilizing multiple resistive parallel rails
US4599671A (en) * 1984-07-20 1986-07-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Current limiting devices utilizing resistive parallel rails
CN2469548Y (zh) * 2001-03-16 2002-01-02 郭守恒 快速变阻限流保护装置
DE502004005029D1 (de) * 2003-07-10 2007-10-31 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zur strombegrenzung mit einem flüssigmetall-strombegrenzer
KR20060036445A (ko) * 2003-07-10 2006-04-28 에이비비 리써치 리미티드 유체-작동식 액체 금속 전류 스위치를 이용한 전력 차단방법 및 디바이스

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL1644952T3 (pl) 2008-02-29
DE502004005030D1 (de) 2007-10-31
KR20060036448A (ko) 2006-04-28
WO2005006373A1 (de) 2005-01-20
ATE373871T1 (de) 2007-10-15
US20070041138A1 (en) 2007-02-22
CN100446152C (zh) 2008-12-24
EP1644952A1 (de) 2006-04-12
CN1820340A (zh) 2006-08-16

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