EP1638370B1 - Heating element forming device - Google Patents

Heating element forming device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1638370B1
EP1638370B1 EP05291844A EP05291844A EP1638370B1 EP 1638370 B1 EP1638370 B1 EP 1638370B1 EP 05291844 A EP05291844 A EP 05291844A EP 05291844 A EP05291844 A EP 05291844A EP 1638370 B1 EP1638370 B1 EP 1638370B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
appliance
thickness
silk
resistance
screened
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05291844A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1638370A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry David
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermor Industrie SAS
Original Assignee
Thermor Industrie SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermor Industrie SAS filed Critical Thermor Industrie SAS
Publication of EP1638370A1 publication Critical patent/EP1638370A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1638370B1 publication Critical patent/EP1638370B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/267—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an organic material, e.g. plastic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device forming a heating body intended more particularly for domestic or industrial heating.
  • Electric heaters are used for the heating of domestic or industrial premises, comprising an enclosure containing one or more radiating and convective heat-diffusing bodies.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the state of the prior art by providing a new radiative heating body device of simple and economical construction, improved electrical safety, and ergonomic and rapid implementation.
  • the subject of the invention is a device forming a heating body, of the type comprising at least one screen-printed resistance on an insulating support, said device being intended to be placed on the inside face of the front wall of a heating appliance, characterized by the fact that the device comprises between the adhesive face and the screen-printed resistance at least one thickness of closed-cell foam material having good electrical insulation properties.
  • the invention also relates to a heating apparatus, comprising an outer casing with a front caloric emission wall and a rear mounting wall, provided on the inner face of said front wall of a device according to the invention.
  • a device 1 according to the invention is intended to be glued or adhesive on the inner face 2 of the front wall of a heater shown partially.
  • the device 1 comprises a polyester support 3 on which an aluminum metal circuit 4 is screen printed.
  • the support 3 made of polyester preferably has a thickness of 50 microns, and may alternatively consist of an equivalent material capable of receiving a screen printing of a resistant circuit made of metallic material.
  • the screen-printed resistance constituted by the elements 3 and 4 is coated with a thin layer 5 of polyethylene or equivalent material with a thickness of approximately 50 microns.
  • the thin layer 5 of polyethylene or equivalent material is in turn coated with a polyester separator layer 6 or equivalent material having a thickness of about 50 microns.
  • the device comprises, between the adhesive face 8 and the other elements, a thickness 7 of closed-cell foam material.
  • This material 7 may be a closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam having an insulation resistance of one million megohms and a dielectric strength of 3 kV / mm.
  • the thickness of the closed cell foam material is between 0.3 and 1.2 mm, it being specified that the tests carried out with a thickness close to 0.8 mm have entirely satisfied.
  • the adhesive layer 8 is protected by a removable film 9 to be removed before applying the device according to the invention in the direction of the arrow 10 against the inner face 2 of the front wall of the heater.
  • the device is thus fixed by adhesion or bonding by its adhesive face 8 against the inner face of the wall 2 of the heater.
  • FIG. 3 a silkscreened resistor constituted by elements 3 and 4 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in elevation.
  • the silkscreened resistor comprises a lower portion 11 having a large power density greater than 1500 W / m 2 .
  • the screen-printed resistor also has two lateral portions 12 and 13 having an average power flux-density of between 1000 W / m 2 and 1300 W / m 2 .
  • Screening contacts 14a, 14b can advantageously be screen printed at the location of a lateral portion 12 or 13.
  • the screen-printed resistance also comprises a central portion 15 having a low power density of the order of 500 or 700 W / m 2 .
  • a radiative heating body device it is possible to use a radiative heating body device to obtain a homogeneous temperature of a front wall of the heating apparatus, of the order of 70.degree.
  • the leakage current between the screen-printed resistance and the accessible metal parts of the heater is reduced and not exceed 0.25 mA, so as to meet the standards for the safety of household appliances and similar, for example the standard NF EN 60-335.1.
  • the use of a closed cell foam material thickness allows a good level of heat transfer to be maintained between the electric heating circuit and the front face of the heater, while ensuring a high level of electrical safety.
  • a heater according to the invention comprises a heating body 1 according to the invention bonded to the inner face 2 of its front wall, so as to ensure a radiative heat emission of the front face.
  • the heating apparatus shown also preferably comprises a plurality of fresh air intake orifices 21, and one or more orifices of outlet, possibly in the form of fins, for the evacuation of the convection-heated air by a second heating body 23 of a type known per se and not requiring a more detailed description.
  • the heater body 23, preferably made of extruded aluminum or cast iron having a plurality of fins is fixed by insulating supports 24 to the rear wall 25 of the apparatus.
  • the rear wall 25 of the heater is itself attached to a wall or a vertical surface not shown.

Landscapes

  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

The unit is located on the internal face (2) of a wall in front of heating equipment, e.g. an electric radiator. Its electrical resistance (4) is screen printed onto an insulating substrate (3). This assembly is located on one side of a thickness of closed cellular foam material (7) with good properties of electrical insulation. An adhesive surface (8) is located on the other side. The resistance (4) is covered with a thin layer (5) of plastic, with a thickness of about 50 mu m. The foam is preferably 0.8 mm thick. Heat emission is provided in various wattages, up to 1500 W/m2>.

Description

L'invention est relative à un dispositif formant corps de chauffe destiné plus particulièrement aux chauffages domestiques ou industriels.The invention relates to a device forming a heating body intended more particularly for domestic or industrial heating.

On utilise pour le chauffage de locaux domestiques ou industriels des appareils de chauffage électriques comportant une enveloppe contenant un ou plusieurs corps de chauffe diffusant la chaleur par rayonnement et par convection.Electric heaters are used for the heating of domestic or industrial premises, comprising an enclosure containing one or more radiating and convective heat-diffusing bodies.

L'invention a pour but d'améliorer l'état de la technique connu, en fournissant un nouveau dispositif formant corps de chauffe radiatif, de construction simple et économique, de sécurité électrique améliorée, et de mise en oeuvre ergonomique et rapide.The object of the invention is to improve the state of the prior art by providing a new radiative heating body device of simple and economical construction, improved electrical safety, and ergonomic and rapid implementation.

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif formant corps de chauffe, du type comportant au moins une résistance sérigraphiée sur un support isolant, ledit dispositif étant destiné à être posé sur la face intérieure de la paroi avant d'un appareil de chauffage, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif comporte entre la face adhésive et la résistance sérigraphiée au moins une épaisseur de matériau en mousse à cellules fermées présentant des bonnes propriétés d'isolement électrique.The subject of the invention is a device forming a heating body, of the type comprising at least one screen-printed resistance on an insulating support, said device being intended to be placed on the inside face of the front wall of a heating appliance, characterized by the fact that the device comprises between the adhesive face and the screen-printed resistance at least one thickness of closed-cell foam material having good electrical insulation properties.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques alternatives de l'invention :

  • la résistance sérigraphiée est revêtue d'une couche mince de polyester ou matériau équivalent présentant une épaisseur d'environ 50 micromètres,
  • l'épaisseur de matériau mousse à cellules fermées est comprise entre 0,3 mm et 1,2 mm, de préférence voisine de 0,8 mm,
  • le dispositif comporte une couche séparatrice de polyéthylène ou matériau équivalent présentant une épaisseur d'environ 50 micromètres.
According to other alternative features of the invention:
  • the screen printed resistance is coated with a thin layer of polyester or equivalent material having a thickness of about 50 micrometers,
  • the thickness of closed cell foam material is between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm, preferably close to 0.8 mm,
  • the device comprises a separating layer of polyethylene or equivalent material having a thickness of about 50 microns.

L'invention a également pour objet un appareil de chauffage, comportant une enveloppe extérieure avec une paroi avant d'émission calorique et une paroi arrière de montage, muni sur la face intérieure de ladite paroi avant d'un dispositif selon l'invention.The invention also relates to a heating apparatus, comprising an outer casing with a front caloric emission wall and a rear mounting wall, provided on the inner face of said front wall of a device according to the invention.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques alternatives de l'invention :

  • le dispositif comporte une résistance sérigraphiée dont la partie inférieure présente une puissance surfacique importante supérieure à 1500 watts par m2,
  • le dispositif comporte une résistance sérigraphiée dont les parties latérales présentent des puissances surfaciques de valeur comprise entre 1000 et 1300 watts par m2,
  • le dispositif comporte une résistance sérigraphiée dont la partie centrale présente une puissance surfacique faible de l'ordre de 700 watts par m2,
  • l'appareil comporte en outre un corps de chauffe de puissance importante monté sur la face arrière.
According to other alternative features of the invention:
  • the device comprises a silkscreened resistor whose lower part has a large pfd exceeding 1500 watts per m 2 ,
  • the device comprises a screen printed resistor whose side portions have surface powers of value between 1000 and 1300 watts per m 2 ,
  • the device comprises a silk-screened resistor whose central portion has a low power per unit area of the order of 700 watts per m 2 ,
  • the apparatus further comprises a large power heating body mounted on the rear face.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description qui va suivre donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement, une vue en coupe d'un dispositif selon l'invention avant sa pose sur la face interne d'une paroi avant d'un appareil de chauffage.
  • La figure 2 représente schématiquement, un dispositif selon l'invention posé sur la face interne d'une paroi avant d'un appareil de chauffage.
  • La figure 3 représente schématiquement, une vue d'une résistance sérigraphiée de dispositif selon l'invention.
  • La figure 4 représente schématiquement, une vue en section d'un appareil de chauffage selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood from the following description given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a sectional view of a device according to the invention before its installation on the inner face of a front wall of a heater.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a device according to the invention placed on the inner face of a front wall of a heater.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a view of a silkscreened resistance of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a sectional view of a heating apparatus according to the invention.

En référence aux figures 1 et 2, les éléments identiques ou fonctionnellement équivalents sont repérés par des chiffres de référence identique.With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, identical or functionally equivalent elements are identified by identical reference numerals.

Sur la figure 1, un dispositif 1 selon l'invention est destiné à être collé ou adhésivé sur la face interne 2 de la paroi avant d'un appareil de chauffage représenté partiellement.In Figure 1, a device 1 according to the invention is intended to be glued or adhesive on the inner face 2 of the front wall of a heater shown partially.

Le dispositif 1 comporte un support polyester 3 sur lequel est sérigraphié un circuit métallique en aluminium 4. Le support 3 en polyester présente de préférence une épaisseur de 50 micromètres, et peut alternativement être constitué en un matériau équivalent apte à recevoir une sérigraphie d'un circuit résistant en matériau métallique.The device 1 comprises a polyester support 3 on which an aluminum metal circuit 4 is screen printed. The support 3 made of polyester preferably has a thickness of 50 microns, and may alternatively consist of an equivalent material capable of receiving a screen printing of a resistant circuit made of metallic material.

La résistance sérigraphiée sur support constituée par les éléments 3 et 4 est revêtue d'une couche mince 5 de polyéthylène ou de matériau équivalent d'une épaisseur environ égale à 50 micromètres.The screen-printed resistance constituted by the elements 3 and 4 is coated with a thin layer 5 of polyethylene or equivalent material with a thickness of approximately 50 microns.

La couche mince 5 de polyéthylène ou matériau équivalent est à son tour revêtue d'une couche séparatrice 6 de polyester ou matériau équivalent présentant une épaisseur d'environ 50 micromètres.The thin layer 5 of polyethylene or equivalent material is in turn coated with a polyester separator layer 6 or equivalent material having a thickness of about 50 microns.

Selon l'invention, on prévoit que le dispositif comporte entre la face adhésive 8 et les autres éléments une épaisseur 7 de matériau en mousse à cellules fermées.According to the invention, provision is made for the device to comprise, between the adhesive face 8 and the other elements, a thickness 7 of closed-cell foam material.

Ce matériau 7 peut être une mousse de polyéthylène réticulé à cellules fermées présentant une résistance d'isolement d'un million de megohms et une résistance diélectrique de 3 kV/mm.This material 7 may be a closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam having an insulation resistance of one million megohms and a dielectric strength of 3 kV / mm.

Avantageusement, l'épaisseur du matériau en mousse à cellules fermées est comprise entre 0,3 et 1,2 mm, étant précisé que les essais effectués avec une épaisseur voisine de 0,8 mm ont entièrement donné satisfaction.Advantageously, the thickness of the closed cell foam material is between 0.3 and 1.2 mm, it being specified that the tests carried out with a thickness close to 0.8 mm have entirely satisfied.

La couche adhésive 8 est protégée par une pellicule 9 amovible destinée à être enlevée avant d'appliquer le dispositif selon l'invention dans le sens de la flèche 10 contre la face interne 2 de la paroi avant de l'appareil de chauffage.The adhesive layer 8 is protected by a removable film 9 to be removed before applying the device according to the invention in the direction of the arrow 10 against the inner face 2 of the front wall of the heater.

Sur la figure 2, après avoir enlevé la pellicule 9, on a appliqué le dispositif selon l'invention dans le sens de la flèche 10, de manière à fixer le dispositif selon l'invention contre la paroi de l'appareil de chauffage, du côté de la face interne 2.In FIG. 2, after having removed the film 9, the device according to the invention has been applied in the direction of the arrow 10, so as to fix the device according to the invention against the wall of the heating apparatus, the side of the inner face 2.

Le dispositif est ainsi fixé par adhésion ou par collage par sa face adhésive 8 contre la face interne de la paroi 2 de l'appareil de chauffage.The device is thus fixed by adhesion or bonding by its adhesive face 8 against the inner face of the wall 2 of the heater.

Sur la figure 3, une résistance sérigraphiée constituée par des éléments 3 et 4 des figures 1 et 2 est représentée en élévation.In FIG. 3, a silkscreened resistor constituted by elements 3 and 4 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in elevation.

La résistance sérigraphiée comporte une partie inférieure 11 présentant une puissance surfacique importante supérieure à 1500 W/m2.The silkscreened resistor comprises a lower portion 11 having a large power density greater than 1500 W / m 2 .

La résistance sérigraphiée comporte également deux parties latérales 12 et 13 présentant une puissance surfacique moyenne de valeur comprise entre 1000 W/m2 et 1300 W/m2.The screen-printed resistor also has two lateral portions 12 and 13 having an average power flux-density of between 1000 W / m 2 and 1300 W / m 2 .

On peut avantageusement sérigraphier des contacts 14a, 14b de connexion à l'emplacement d'une partie latérale 12 ou 13.Screening contacts 14a, 14b can advantageously be screen printed at the location of a lateral portion 12 or 13.

La résistance sérigraphiée comporte également une partie centrale 15 présentant une puissance surfacique faible de l'ordre de 500 ou 700 W/m2.The screen-printed resistance also comprises a central portion 15 having a low power density of the order of 500 or 700 W / m 2 .

Grâce à l'invention, on peut utiliser un dispositif formant corps de chauffe radiatif pour obtenir une température homogène d'une paroi avant de l'appareil de chauffage, de l'ordre de 70°C.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to use a radiative heating body device to obtain a homogeneous temperature of a front wall of the heating apparatus, of the order of 70.degree.

Même lorsque la paroi avant de l'appareil de chauffage est métallique, ou que la face interne 2 de cette paroi avant est métallique, le courant de fuite entre la résistance sérigraphiée et les parties métalliques accessibles de l'appareil de chauffage sont réduites et ne dépassent pas 0,25 mA, de manière à respecter les normes relatives à la sécurité des appareils électro-domestiques et analogues, par exemple la norme NF EN 60-335.1.Even when the front wall of the heater is metallic, or the inner face 2 of this front wall is metallic, the leakage current between the screen-printed resistance and the accessible metal parts of the heater is reduced and not exceed 0.25 mA, so as to meet the standards for the safety of household appliances and similar, for example the standard NF EN 60-335.1.

L'utilisation d'une épaisseur de matériau en mousse à cellules fermées permet de conserver un bon niveau de transfert thermique entre le circuit électrique de chauffage et la face avant de l'appareil de chauffage, tout en garantissant un niveau élevé de sécurité électrique.The use of a closed cell foam material thickness allows a good level of heat transfer to be maintained between the electric heating circuit and the front face of the heater, while ensuring a high level of electrical safety.

Sur la figure 4, un appareil de chauffage selon l'invention comporte un corps de chauffe 1 selon l'invention collé sur la face interne 2 de sa paroi avant, de manière à assurer une émission calorifique par rayonnement de la face avant.In Figure 4, a heater according to the invention comprises a heating body 1 according to the invention bonded to the inner face 2 of its front wall, so as to ensure a radiative heat emission of the front face.

L'appareil de chauffage représenté comporte également de préférence plusieurs orifices 21 d'admission d'air frais, et un ou plusieurs orifices de sortie 22, éventuellement en forme d'ailettes, d'évacuation de l'air réchauffé par convection par un deuxième corps de chauffe 23 de type connu en soi et ne nécessitant pas de description plus détaillée.The heating apparatus shown also preferably comprises a plurality of fresh air intake orifices 21, and one or more orifices of outlet, possibly in the form of fins, for the evacuation of the convection-heated air by a second heating body 23 of a type known per se and not requiring a more detailed description.

Le corps de chauffe 23 de préférence en aluminium extrudé ou en fonte comportant une pluralité d'ailettes est fixé par des supports isolants 24 à la paroi arrière 25 de l'appareil.The heater body 23, preferably made of extruded aluminum or cast iron having a plurality of fins is fixed by insulating supports 24 to the rear wall 25 of the apparatus.

La paroi arrière 25 de l'appareil de chauffage est elle-même fixée à un mur ou une surface verticale non représentées.The rear wall 25 of the heater is itself attached to a wall or a vertical surface not shown.

L'invention décrite en référence à un mode de réalisation particulier n'y est nullement limitée, mais couvre au contraire toute modification de forme et toute variante de réalisation dans le cadre de l'invention.The invention described with reference to a particular embodiment is not limited thereto, but on the contrary covers any modification of form and any variant embodiment within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

  1. Device (1) forming a heating element, of the type comprising at least one resistance (4) silk-screened on to an insulating medium (3), said device being intended to be mounted on to the inner face (2) of the front wall of a heating appliance, characterised in that the device comprises between the adhesive face (8) and the silk-screened resistance (4) at least one thickness of material (7) made from closed-cell foam with good properties of electrical insulation.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the silk-screened resistance (4) is covered with a thin layer (5) of polythene or equivalent material with a thickness of approximately 50 micrometres.
  3. Device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the thickness of the closed-cell foam material (7) is between 0.3 mm and 1.2 mm, and preferably close to 0.8 mm.
  4. Device according to claim 1 or claim 3, characterised in that the device comprises a separating layer (6) of polyester or equivalent material with a thickness of approximately 50 micrometres.
  5. Heating appliance, comprising an outer envelope with a heat-emitting front wall and a mounting rear wall (25), equipped on the inner face (2) of the said front wall with a device according to any of claims 1 to 4.
  6. Appliance according to claim 5, characterised in that the appliance comprises a silk-screened resistance (4) whose lower portion (11) has a high surface power density in excess of 1500 watts per m2.
  7. Appliance according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that the appliance comprises a silk-screened resistance (4) whose lateral portions (12, 13) have surface power densities of between 1000 and 1300 watts per m2.
  8. Appliance according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the appliance comprises a silk-screened resistance (4) whose central portion (15) has a low surface power density in the order of 700 watts per m2.
  9. Appliance according to any of the preceding claims, comprising additionally a high-power heating element (23) mounted on the rear face (25) of the appliance, to provide heating by convection.
EP05291844A 2004-09-15 2005-09-07 Heating element forming device Not-in-force EP1638370B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0409757A FR2875369B1 (en) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 DEVICE FORMING HEAT BODY

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1638370A1 EP1638370A1 (en) 2006-03-22
EP1638370B1 true EP1638370B1 (en) 2007-07-25

Family

ID=34950343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05291844A Not-in-force EP1638370B1 (en) 2004-09-15 2005-09-07 Heating element forming device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1638370B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE368365T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005001740D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2292086T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2875369B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1638370E (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2251619A1 (en) 2009-05-14 2010-11-17 Thermor Pacific Electrical heating appliance

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2346303A1 (en) 2010-01-14 2011-07-20 Calesco Division/Backer BHV AB Radiator panel for domestic and industrial applications based on heater with single sided FRTP insulation
FR3004886B1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2017-12-29 Soc Muller & Cie HEATING APPARATUS WITH FACADE HEATING ELEMENT
EP3012550B1 (en) 2014-10-22 2018-01-31 Société Muller & Cie Heating apparatus with façade-heating element

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6507056A (en) * 1964-06-04 1965-12-06
DE2842519C2 (en) * 1978-09-29 1983-07-14 Deutsch-Kanadische Grundstücksgesellschaft mbH Canespa KG, 3005 Hemmingen Process for coating electrically insulating surfaces with an electrically conductive plastic layer
LU87797A1 (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-03-11 Glaverbel HEATING MIRROR
AU1436597A (en) * 1995-10-17 1997-05-07 Magnus Kluge Electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in dwellings and buildings
DE20319024U1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2004-03-11 Econ Export + Consulting Group Gmbh Flat heating element made up of multiple layers for converting electric energy into heat energy formed by screen printing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2251619A1 (en) 2009-05-14 2010-11-17 Thermor Pacific Electrical heating appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2875369B1 (en) 2006-11-24
EP1638370A1 (en) 2006-03-22
PT1638370E (en) 2007-10-09
ATE368365T1 (en) 2007-08-15
DE602005001740D1 (en) 2007-09-06
ES2292086T3 (en) 2008-03-01
FR2875369A1 (en) 2006-03-17

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