EP3012550B1 - Heating apparatus with façade-heating element - Google Patents

Heating apparatus with façade-heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3012550B1
EP3012550B1 EP14189918.7A EP14189918A EP3012550B1 EP 3012550 B1 EP3012550 B1 EP 3012550B1 EP 14189918 A EP14189918 A EP 14189918A EP 3012550 B1 EP3012550 B1 EP 3012550B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
heating
façade
facade
screen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14189918.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3012550A1 (en
Inventor
Rémi Dwornik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Muller et Cie SA
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Muller et Cie SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Muller et Cie SA filed Critical Muller et Cie SA
Priority to EP14189918.7A priority Critical patent/EP3012550B1/en
Publication of EP3012550A1 publication Critical patent/EP3012550A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3012550B1 publication Critical patent/EP3012550B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/10—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates
    • F24H3/102—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/267—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • the felt layer disposed behind the metal front 11 makes it possible to absorb any mechanical shocks suffered by said facade after the installation of the apparatus 10.
  • the noise pollution is reduced, which improves the comfort of the users.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un appareil de chauffage électrique. Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à un appareil de chauffage avec façade rayonnante. Ledit appareil est par exemple un radiateur ou un sèche-serviette.The invention relates to an electric heater. More particularly, the invention relates to a heater with radiant facade. Said apparatus is for example a radiator or a towel rail.

En termes de confort, le chauffage par rayonnement est souvent préféré au chauffage par convection. En effet, la convection conduit au chauffage de l'air ambiant. Au contraire, le rayonnement chauffe directement les objets et les personnes qui reçoivent ledit rayonnement, en général infrarouge. Le chauffage par rayonnement donne donc à un utilisateur une sensation de chaleur sans même que l'air qui l'entoure ne soit chaud.In terms of comfort, radiant heating is often preferred over convection heating. Indeed, the convection leads to the heating of the ambient air. On the contrary, the radiation directly heats objects and people who receive said radiation, usually infrared. Radiant heating therefore gives a user a feeling of warmth without the surrounding air being hot.

Un appareil électrique de chauffage par rayonnement comporte typiquement une façade rayonnante. Ladite façade est formée d'un matériau susceptible d'émettre un rayonnement infrarouge sous l'effet d'une montée en température. Un tel matériau est par exemple la pierre, le verre ou un métal tel que l'acier.An electric radiant heater typically has a radiant facade. Said facade is formed of a material capable of emitting infrared radiation under the effect of a rise in temperature. Such a material is for example stone, glass or a metal such as steel.

Un tel appareil comprend en outre une résistance électrique apte à chauffer la façade. De manière connue, la résistance électrique chauffante est sérigraphiée sur un support plastique souple. Pour des questions d'isolation électrique, les pistes métalliques de la résistance sont généralement recouvertes entièrement d'une enveloppe souple, électriquement isolante.Such an apparatus further comprises an electrical resistance able to heat the facade. In known manner, the electric heating resistance is screen printed on a flexible plastic support. For electrical insulation issues, the metal tracks of the resistor are usually completely covered by a flexible, electrically insulating envelope.

Par ailleurs, il est connu du document FR 2 912 277 d'intercaler, entre la façade et la résistance chauffante, un écran intermédiaire isolant électrique. Ainsi, en cas de surchauffe de la résistance provoquant la fusion de l'enveloppe souple, la façade reste isolée électriquement de la résistance. Cette disposition est particulièrement avantageuse pour une façade rayonnante formée d'un matériau métallique, électriquement conducteur.Moreover, it is known from the document FR 2 912 277 to intercalate, between the facade and the heating resistor, an intermediate insulating electrical screen. Thus, in the event of overheating of the resistance causing the fusion of the flexible envelope, the facade remains electrically insulated from the resistor. This arrangement is particularly advantageous for a radiant facade formed of a metallic material, electrically conductive.

Le document FR 2 912 277 décrit un dispositif de chauffage électrique selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et notamment la disposition d'une lame d'air entre la façade rayonnante et la résistance chauffante. Cependant, une telle lame d'air a des propriétés d'isolant thermique, qui diminuent l'efficacité de la résistance pour la montée en température de la façade. En effet, dans ce cas, la façade est chauffée uniquement par le rayonnement thermique de la résistance, et non par conduction thermique. Le document FR 1 530 380 décrit un revêtement chauffant de murs comprenant une couche de base flexible, une pellicule d'un élastomère aux silicones conducteur de l'électricité enduite sur ladite couche, une couche électriquement isolante enduite sur la couche d'élastomère, et au moins une paire d'électrodes de façon à pouvoir faire passer un courant électrique à travers l'élastomère conducteur.The document FR 2 912 277 discloses an electric heater according to the preamble of claim 1 and in particular the provision of an air gap between the radiating facade and the heating resistor. However, such an air gap has thermal insulation properties, which decrease the effectiveness of the resistance for the rise in temperature of the facade. Indeed, in this case, the facade is heated only by the thermal radiation of the resistance, and not by thermal conduction. The document FR 1 530 380 discloses a wall heating coating comprising a flexible base layer, a film of an electrically conductive silicone elastomer coated on said layer, an electrically insulating layer coated on the elastomer layer, and at least one pair of electrodes so as to pass an electric current through the conductive elastomer.

La couche de base peut être en une matière appropriée quelconque qui est stable à la température de fonctionnement voulue.The base layer may be any suitable material that is stable at the desired operating temperature.

Le document FR 2 580 887 décrit un élément chauffant à résistance électrique comprenant une résistance chauffante découpée dans une feuille métallique qui est enrobée dans un substrat en matière électriquement isolante, résistant à la température de chauffage et adhérant à la feuille métallique et à la matière constituant le support de la surface chauffante d'un article équipée d'un tel élément chauffant.The document FR 2,580,887 discloses an electric resistance heating element comprising a heating resistor cut from a metal sheet which is embedded in a substrate of electrically insulating material, resistant to the heating temperature and adhering to the metal foil and the material constituting the support of the heating surface an article equipped with such a heating element.

Dans ce document, l'élément chauffant est enrobé, noyé dans le substrat isolant de sorte qu'il est de conception complexe est constitue un un bloc difficile à recycler.In this document, the heating element is embedded, embedded in the insulating substrate so that it is of complex design and is a difficult block to recycle.

Le document DE 18 06 723 décrit un dispositif chauffant comportant un élément d'isolation électrique apte à transférer la chaleur de l'élément chauffant du dispositif. Selon ce document, l'élément d'isolation est composé d'au moins deux couches distinctes, l'une étant réalisée en matière plastique et l'autre étant exécutée en papier mica, rendant ce dispositif complexe.The document DE 18 06 723 discloses a heating device having an electrical insulation element adapted to transfer the heat of the heating element of the device. According to this document, the insulation element is composed of at least two distinct layers, one being made of plastic material and the other being made of mica paper, making this device complex.

Le document EP 1 638 370 décrit un dispositif formant corps de chauffe comportant une résistance sérigraphiée sur un support isolant et un épaisseur de matériau en mousse à cellules fermées présentant de bonnes propriétés d'isolement électrique, placé entre ladite résistance et la paroi avant d'un appareil de chauffage. L'inconvénient de ce dispositif est que bien que la propriété d'isolation électrique est obtenue par la mousse alvéolée, la principale propriété de conductivité thermique essentielle pour un appareil chauffant entravée par cette mousse alvéolée.The document EP 1 638 370 discloses a heater body device having a screen printed resistor on an insulating support and a closed cell foam material thickness having good electrical insulation properties, placed between said resistor and the front wall of a heater. The disadvantage of this device is that although the property of electrical insulation is obtained by the cellular foam, the main property of essential thermal conductivity for a heating apparatus hampered by this cellular foam.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif simple permettant d'améliorer le transfert thermique entre la résistance chauffante et la façade rayonnante, tout en garantissant l'isolation électrique de ladite façade. Dans ce but, l'écran intermédiaire est formé d'un matériau bon conducteur thermique et électriquement isolant.The present invention aims to provide a simple device for improving the heat transfer between the heating resistor and the radiant facade, while ensuring the electrical insulation of said facade. For this purpose, the intermediate screen is formed of a good thermal conductor material and electrically insulating.

L'invention se rapporte donc à un appareil de chauffage électrique comprenant une façade métallique et au moins un élément chauffant entouré d'une gaine électriquement isolante, un écran intermédiaire étant disposé entre la façade et l'élément chauffant, une première face dudit écran étant au contact de la façade et une seconde face dudit écran étant au contact de la gaine de l'élément chauffant, ledit écran intermédiaire comportant un matériau textile non tissé, formé d'une couche de feutre de polyester.The invention thus relates to an electric heater comprising a metal front and at least one heating element surrounded by an electrically insulating sheath, an intermediate screen being disposed between the front and the heating element, a first face of said screen being in contact with the facade and a second face of said screen being in contact with the sheath of the heating element, said intermediate shield comprising a nonwoven fabric material formed of a layer of polyester felt.

Le terme « textile non-tissé » s'entend par un textile dont les fibres sont entremêlées de façon aléatoire. Ainsi, les fibres forment un réseau discontinu, électriquement isolant, assurant l'isolation électrique de la façade de l'appareil. En revanche, une telle structure offre un bon transfert thermique à travers le textile, entre l'élément chauffant de l'appareil et ladite façade de ce dernier.The term "non-woven fabric" refers to a textile whose fibers are intermixed randomly. Thus, the fibers form a discontinuous network, electrically insulating, ensuring the electrical insulation of the front of the device. On the other hand, such a structure provides good heat transfer through the textile, between the heating element of the appliance and said front of the appliance.

Préférentiellement, la gaine électriquement isolante comprend plusieurs couches de film polymère disposées entre l'élément chauffant et l'écran intermédiaire. Ces couches renforcent l'isolation électrique de la résistance.Preferably, the electrically insulating sheath comprises several layers of polymer film disposed between the heating element and the intermediate screen. These layers reinforce the electrical insulation of the resistor.

Préférentiellement, la façade et l'élément chauffant sont reliés par des éléments d'attache ponctuels, en matériau électriquement isolant.Preferably, the facade and the heating element are connected by point fasteners, made of electrically insulating material.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen de la figure qui l'accompagne. Celle-ci est donnée à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif de l'invention.The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the accompanying figure. This is given as an indication and in no way limitative of the invention.

La figure 1 montre une vue schématique, en coupe éclatée, d'un appareil de chauffage selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Ledit appareil est par exemple destiné à équiper l'intérieur d'un bâtiment.The figure 1 shows a schematic view, in exploded section, of a heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention. Said apparatus is for example intended to equip the interior of a building.

L'appareil 10 comporte une façade 11, ladite façade étant formée d'un matériau apte à émettre un rayonnement infrarouge sous l'effet d'une montée en température. La façade est préférentiellement formée d'un métal tel que l'acier. La façade 11 peut être plane, ou présenter une forme convexe, ou encore comporter plusieurs parties planes et orientées différemment les unes des autres.The apparatus 10 comprises a facade 11, said facade being formed of a material capable of emitting infrared radiation under the effect of a a climb in temperature. The facade is preferably formed of a metal such as steel. The front 11 may be flat, or have a convex shape, or have several flat portions and oriented differently from each other.

L'appareil 10 comporte en outre une enveloppe 12 qui forme l'arrière de l'appareil. L'enveloppe 12 est par exemple équipée de moyens pour accrocher l'appareil 10 à une paroi verticale, comme un mur du bâtiment.The apparatus 10 further comprises an envelope 12 which forms the rear of the apparatus. The envelope 12 is for example equipped with means for attaching the device 10 to a vertical wall, such as a wall of the building.

L'appareil 10 comporte en outre une résistance chauffante 13, destinée à chauffer la façade 11. La résistance 13 comprend principalement des pistes 14 métalliques, sérigraphiées sur un support 15 constitué d'un film plastique. Lorsque du courant électrique circule dans les pistes 14, la résistance 13 émet de la chaleur.The apparatus 10 further comprises a heating resistor 13, for heating the facade 11. The resistor 13 mainly comprises metal tracks 14, screen printed on a support 15 made of a plastic film. When electric current flows in the tracks 14, the resistor 13 emits heat.

Une couche 16 de film polymère est intercalée entre les pistes 14 et le support 15 pour isoler électriquement lesdites pistes du reste de l'appareil. Du côté opposé au support 15, les pistes 14 sont recouvertes de trois couches successives 17 de film polymère. Les couches (16, 17) forment donc une gaine électriquement isolante pour les pistes 14. De préférence, les couches (16, 17) sont formées de polyester, seul ou en mélange avec d'autres composés.A layer 16 of polymer film is interposed between the tracks 14 and the support 15 to electrically isolate said tracks from the rest of the apparatus. On the side opposite the support 15, the tracks 14 are covered with three successive layers 17 of polymer film. The layers (16, 17) thus form an electrically insulating sheath for the tracks 14. Preferably, the layers (16, 17) are formed of polyester, alone or in admixture with other compounds.

Bien que la figure 1 représente une vue éclatée de l'appareil 10, le support 15, la couche 16, les pistes 14 et les trois couches 17 sont accolés les uns aux autres, dans l'ordre décrit ci-dessus.Although the figure 1 is an exploded view of the apparatus 10, the support 15, the layer 16, the tracks 14 and the three layers 17 are contiguous to each other, in the order described above.

Entre la façade 11 et les couches 17 de la gaine est intercalé un écran 18 intermédiaire. Une première face dudit écran est au contact de la façade 11. Une seconde face dudit écran est au contact de la couche 17 formant une face de la gaine de la résistance 13.Between the facade 11 and the layers 17 of the sheath is interposed an intermediate screen 18. A first face of said screen is in contact with the facade 11. A second face of said screen is in contact with the layer 17 forming a face of the sheath of the resistor 13.

L'écran intermédiaire 18 comporte un matériau textile non tissé, formé d'une couche de feutre de polyester.The intermediate screen 18 comprises a non-woven textile material formed of a layer of polyester felt.

Le réseau formé par les fibres est discontinu. Il est donc inapte à conduire le courant électrique et forme ainsi un bon isolant. En revanche, la couche de feutre présente des propriétés de transfert thermique. La chaleur dégagée par la résistance 13 est donc efficacement communiquée à la façade 11, l'efficacité de l'élément chauffant étant ainsi améliorée.The network formed by the fibers is discontinuous. It is therefore unfit to conduct electrical current and thus forms a good insulator. On the other hand, the felt layer has heat transfer properties. The heat generated by the resistor 13 is thus efficiently communicated to the facade 11, the efficiency of the heating element thus being improved.

Par ailleurs, la couche de feutre disposée derrière la façade 11 métallique permet d'absorber d'éventuels chocs mécaniques subis par ladite façade après l'installation de l'appareil 10. Les nuisances sonores sont diminuées, ce qui améliore le confort des usagers.Furthermore, the felt layer disposed behind the metal front 11 makes it possible to absorb any mechanical shocks suffered by said facade after the installation of the apparatus 10. The noise pollution is reduced, which improves the comfort of the users.

De préférence, l'épaisseur de la couche de feutre est d'au minimum 0,7 mm. La densité de la couche de feutre est par exemple d'environ 150 g/m2. Le titrage des fibres du feutre est par exemple compris entre 3,0 et 4,0 décitex, soit entre 3 x 10-7 kg/m et 4 x 10-7 kg/m.Preferably, the thickness of the felt layer is at least 0.7 mm. The density of the felt layer is for example about 150 g / m 2 . The titration of the fibers of the felt is for example between 3.0 and 4.0 decitex, or between 3 x 10 -7 kg / m and 4 x 10 -7 kg / m.

Les différentes couches constituant l'appareil 10 sont juxtaposées, les unes à la suite des autres.The various layers constituting the apparatus 10 are juxtaposed, one after the other.

L'écran 18 et la résistance 13 peuvent être assemblés à la façade 11 par collage. Cependant, il est préférable de brider mécaniquement l'ensemble, afin d'éviter des risques de décollement sous l'effet de la chaleur. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, des éléments 19 d'attache ponctuels relient la façade 11 et le support 15. Les éléments 19 sont formés d'un matériau électriquement isolant, tel qu'un plastique rigide.The screen 18 and the resistor 13 can be assembled to the front 11 by gluing. However, it is preferable to mechanically clamp the assembly, in order to avoid risks of delamination under the effect of heat. In the example of the figure 1 , point fasteners 19 connect the facade 11 and the support 15. The elements 19 are formed of an electrically insulating material, such as a rigid plastic.

Que les couches soient uniquement juxtaposées, collées ou bridées mécaniquement, l'appareil 10 selon l'invention est de conception et de fabrication simple. De plus, les différentes couches étant aisément séparables, les opérations de maintenance sont plus aisées et cet appareil peut être facilement recyclé.Whether the layers are only juxtaposed, glued or mechanically clamped, the apparatus 10 according to the invention is of simple design and manufacture. In addition, the various layers being easily separable, maintenance operations are easier and this device can be easily recycled.

L'exemple ci-dessus présente une résistance 13 disposée sur un support 15 souple. Toutefois, le principe de l'invention reste identique pour une résistance chauffante sur support rigide, la couche de matériau textile non tissé s'adaptant à la forme de la résistance.The above example has a resistor 13 disposed on a flexible support 15. However, the principle of the invention remains the same for a heating resistor on rigid support, the layer of nonwoven fabric material adapting to the shape of the resistor.

Claims (3)

  1. Electric heating device (10) comprising a metal façade (11) and at least one heating element (13) surrounded by an electrically insulating sheath (16, 17), an intermediate screen (18) arranged between the façade (11) and the heating element (13), a first face of said screen being in contact with the façade and a second face of said screen being in contact with the sheath (17) of the heating element, the device (10) being characterized in that said intermediate screen (18) comprises a non-woven textile material, formed from a layer of polyester felt, providing the electrical insulation of the façade (11) while allowing good thermal conductivity between the heating element (13) and said façade.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically insulating sheath (16, 17) comprises several layers (17) of polymer film arranged between the heating element (13) and the intermediate screen (18).
  3. Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that point-like attachment members (19), made of electrically insulating material, connect the façade (11) and the heating element (13).
EP14189918.7A 2014-10-22 2014-10-22 Heating apparatus with façade-heating element Not-in-force EP3012550B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14189918.7A EP3012550B1 (en) 2014-10-22 2014-10-22 Heating apparatus with façade-heating element

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14189918.7A EP3012550B1 (en) 2014-10-22 2014-10-22 Heating apparatus with façade-heating element

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EP3012550A1 EP3012550A1 (en) 2016-04-27
EP3012550B1 true EP3012550B1 (en) 2018-01-31

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EP14189918.7A Not-in-force EP3012550B1 (en) 2014-10-22 2014-10-22 Heating apparatus with façade-heating element

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1530380A (en) * 1967-07-06 1968-06-21 Ici Ltd Heating coating of walls, ceilings and the like
DE1806723A1 (en) 1968-11-02 1970-05-27 Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh Electric heating device
FR2580887B1 (en) 1985-04-19 1989-04-14 Seb Sa ELECTRIC RESISTANCE FLAT HEATING ELEMENT AND HEATING ARTICLE COMPRISING SUCH AN ELEMENT
FR2769166A1 (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-02 Bernard Aulagne Electric room heating panel
FR2875369B1 (en) 2004-09-15 2006-11-24 Thermor Ind Soc Par Actions Si DEVICE FORMING HEAT BODY
FR2912277B1 (en) 2007-02-01 2009-04-17 Muller & Cie Sa Soc ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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