EP3266278B1 - Heating cable with directed heat flow - Google Patents

Heating cable with directed heat flow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3266278B1
EP3266278B1 EP16717418.4A EP16717418A EP3266278B1 EP 3266278 B1 EP3266278 B1 EP 3266278B1 EP 16717418 A EP16717418 A EP 16717418A EP 3266278 B1 EP3266278 B1 EP 3266278B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating cable
heating
insulator
heat
adhesive layer
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EP16717418.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3266278A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Paul Bert
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Heatself
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Heatself
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of heating cables, and relates in particular to a flat heating cable, flexible, directed thermal flow.
  • Heating cables are known for attachment to a support to be heated. These are often attached to the support to be heated by collars, which makes the heating efficiency of the optimal support at the collars, and less effective between the collars.
  • US4334148A discloses a flat, flexible heating cable comprising: at least two metal conductors extending in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable; a heating matrix in which the metal conductors are embedded; and an electrical insulator surrounding the heating die, the heating die being flat and having a flat top face and a flat bottom face such that the electrical insulator has a flat upper outer face and a flat lower outer face.
  • the present invention aims at solving the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a flat, flexible, heat-flow-oriented heating cable, said flat heating cable having at one of its flat faces a thermal insulation and at the level of the other of its flat faces an adhesive layer which makes it possible to ensure uniform contact with a support to be heated in order to increase the heating efficiency, and the thermal insulator for orienting the heat flow produced by the heating cable to the support to be heated in order to reduce heat losses on the heating cable faces that do not require heating.
  • the heating cable is flat and thin, preferably in the form of ribbon, packaged or not in the form of a coil, and the heating matrix is used to heat through an electric current flowing in the heating matrix.
  • the cable can advantageously be cut, to strip the metal conductors for connection heating cable to a power source by a terminal, a plug, a plug or the like.
  • the thermal resistance of the thermal insulation is adjusted by the thickness of the thermal insulation formed on the electrical insulator, in particular with respect to the thickness of the adhesive layer, or by the choice of the material of the thermal insulation.
  • the heating cable further comprises a heat shield disposed between the electrical insulator and the thermal insulator, the heat shield extending preferably over the entire length of the heating cable and extending transversely over all or part of the width of the face of the electrical insulator on which the thermal insulator is placed, the heat shield being advantageously embedded in the thermal insulator, in the vicinity of the face of the thermal insulator in contact with electrical insulation.
  • the heat shield may cover the thermal insulation, the thermal insulation being then between the heat shield and the electrical insulation.
  • the heat shield further limits the heat flow through the thermal insulation, thereby directing most of the heat flow produced by the heating matrix to the adhesive layer and thus to the support to be heated.
  • the heat shield may be of low shrinkage polyester, stabilized polyester, nonwoven polyester and aluminum complex, nonwoven polyester and polyester complex, or polyetherimide (PEI) material.
  • PEI polyetherimide
  • the thermal insulation may be a polyolefin type polymer, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy.
  • the polyolefin polymer may, for example, be polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene.
  • the fluoropolymer may, for example, be one of FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), ECTFE (polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) or ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene).
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • ECTFE polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • the thermal insulation is a thermally insulating sheath.
  • the skilled person depending on the material constituting the adhesive layer and the material constituting the thermal insulation, adjust the thickness of the thermal insulation to guide the flow according to the invention.
  • the skilled person will also if necessary choose a material for thermal insulation.
  • the thermally insulating sheath makes it possible to limit the heat flux passing therethrough, thus directing a large part of the thermal flux produced by the heating matrix towards the adhesive layer and thus towards the support to be heated.
  • the thermal insulation may also advantageously be an electrical insulator.
  • the adhesive layer may be a double-sided adhesive applied to the outer face of the electrical insulator opposite to that on which the thermal insulator is placed.
  • the double-sided adhesive makes it possible to ensure a greater contact surface with the support to be heated in order to increase the heating efficiency, and the thermal insulation can direct the heat flow produced by the heating matrix to the support to be heated in order to reduce heat losses on the heating cable faces that do not require heating.
  • the double-sided adhesive allows easy installation of the heating cable on a support to be heated.
  • the heating cable being flat and flexible, it can, for example, easily be wound over the entire length or around a channel-type support while ensuring uniform contact with the channel-type support.
  • the heating matrix may be a semiconductor heating matrix with a positive temperature coefficient.
  • the semiconductor heating matrix may be made of polyolefin polymer or fluoropolymer loaded with carbon black or a mixture of carbon black and carbon nanotubes.
  • the polyolefin-based polymer may, for example, be polyethylene
  • the fluoropolymer may, for example, be PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone).
  • the heating matrix may advantageously have an electrical resistance that varies as a function of temperature, for self-regulation of the electric power of the heating cable. Examples of temperature-controlled heating cables are described in US Pat. US4876440 .
  • the heating cable comprises at least two metal conductors extending parallel in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable.
  • Each metal conductor may advantageously be a nickel-plated copper strand.
  • the nickel-plated copper strand (s) enable an electric current to be conveyed inside the heating cable in order to heat the heating matrix so that the latter produces a thermal flow directed towards the support to be heated.
  • the electrical insulator is made of polyolefin-based polymer.
  • the electrical insulator has good dielectric and mechanical characteristics.
  • the polyolefin-based polymer may, for example, be polyethylene or thermoplastic elastomer.
  • the heating cable further comprises at each end terminals for the power supply of the metal conductors. It can also include plugs or plugs.
  • the thickness of the heating cable is between 0.1 and 15 mm and the width of the heating cable is between 0.5 and 800 mm, without these dimensions being limiting.
  • the heating cable can easily be bent or curved in order to optimize contact with a support to be heated in any shape.
  • the invention also relates to a coil comprising a heating cable as defined above wound.
  • the heating cable being flat and flexible, it can easily be wound into a coil form to make its compact packaging.
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen that there is shown a heating cable 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention disposed on a substrate to be heated 2.
  • the heating cable 1 is flat, flexible and preferably self-regulating electrical power as a function of temperature.
  • the embodiments shown are self-regulating electrical power as a function of temperature, but the invention is not limited in this respect and single-matrix heating cables are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the heating cable 1 comprises, over its entire length, two metal conductors 3 extending in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable 1, a positive temperature coefficient semiconductor heating matrix 4 in which the conductors 3 are embedded, and an electrical insulator 5 surrounding the semiconductor heating matrix 4.
  • the semiconductor heating die 4 is flat and has a flat upper face and a flat lower face such that the electrical insulator 5 has a flat upper outer face and a flat lower outer face.
  • the heating cable 1 further comprises, over its entire length, a thermal insulator 6 disposed on the upper outer face of the electrical insulator 5, and an adhesive layer shown in the embodiments, without the invention being limited to this in the form of a double-sided adhesive 7 disposed on the lower outer face of the electrical insulator 5.
  • the adhesive layer 7 could for example be extruded with the electrical insulator 5, the outwardly facing face of the adhesive layer 7 is then made adhesive.
  • thermal insulator 6 and the double-sided adhesive 7 could respectively be arranged on the lower outer face of the electrical insulator 5 and on the upper outer face of the electrical insulator 5, without departing of the scope of the present invention.
  • the double-sided adhesive 7 is then bonded by a user to the substrate to be heated 2 so that the heating cable 1 is fixed to the substrate to be heated 2.
  • the substrate to be heated 2 may, for example, be a pipe, a gutter or an access ramp of a building.
  • the thermal resistance of the thermal insulation 6 is greater than that of the double-sided adhesive 7 so that a heat flux produced by the semiconductor heating matrix 4 is oriented towards the face external of the electrical insulator 5 carrying the double-sided adhesive 7, that is to say towards the substrate to be heated 2.
  • the thermal insulation 6 is made of polyolefin type polymer (for example, polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene), fluoropolymer (for example, FEP, PVDF, ECTFE or ETFE), thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy.
  • polyolefin type polymer for example, polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene
  • fluoropolymer for example, FEP, PVDF, ECTFE or ETFE
  • thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy.
  • the two metal conductors 3 are two nickel-plated copper strands spaced from one another, extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the heating cable 1.
  • heating cable 1 could comprise more than two metal conductors 3, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the semiconductor heating matrix 4 is made of a polymer based on polyolefin (for example, polyethylene) or fluoropolymer (for example, PVDF or FEP) loaded with carbon black.
  • polyolefin for example, polyethylene
  • fluoropolymer for example, PVDF or FEP
  • the electrical insulation 5 is made of polyolefin-based polymer (for example, polyethylene or thermoplastic elastomer).
  • the thickness of the heating cable 1 is preferably between 0.1 and 15 mm and the width of the heating cable 1 is preferably between 0.5 and 800 mm, the invention being not limited to this regard.
  • the positive temperature coefficient semiconductor heating matrix 4 produces a heat flux, said heating matrix 4 being self-regulated in electrical power with respect to the temperature.
  • the thermal insulator 6 makes it possible to orient the heat flux produced by the heating matrix 4 towards the substrate to be heated 2, a minor portion 8 of the heat flux passing through the thermal insulation 6 and a portion major 9 heat flow through the double-sided adhesive 7 and reaching the substrate to be heated 2.
  • the double-sided adhesive 7 makes it possible to ensure a greater contact surface of the heating cable 1 with the substrate to be heated 2 in order to increase the heating efficiency, and the thermal insulation 6 makes it possible to reduce the losses. on the faces of the heating cable 1 not requiring heating.
  • the heating cable 1 being flat and flexible, it can easily be wound over the entire length of a pipe-type heating substrate 2 while ensuring uniform contact over the entire length of the pipe.
  • the heating cable 11 further comprises, over its entire length, a heat shield 20 disposed between the electrical insulator 15 and the thermal insulator 16.
  • the heat shield 20 is made of low shrinkage polyester, stabilized polyester, nonwoven polyester and aluminum complex, nonwoven polyester and polyester complex, or polyetherimide (PEI) material.
  • the heat shield 20 makes it possible to further limit the heat flux produced by the heating matrix 14, passing through the thermal insulation 16, thus directing the greater part of the heat flow produced by the semiconductor heating matrix 14 to the double-sided adhesive 17 and thus to the support to be heated.
  • the arrangement of the heat shield 20 between the thermal insulator 16 and the electrical insulator 15 makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the thermal insulator 16 with respect to the thermal insulator 6 of the Figure 1 , thereby further reducing the overall thickness of the heating cable 11.
  • the thickness of the thermal insulation 16 could also be identical to the thickness of the thermal insulation 6 of the Figure 1 without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the heating cable 1, 11 is flat and flexible, preferably in the form of a ribbon, this ribbon can easily be wound into a coil in order to make its packaging compact.
  • the present invention also relates to a coil comprising a heating cable 1, 11 according to the present invention wound.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des câbles chauffants, et porte en particulier sur un câble chauffant plat, flexible, à flux thermique orienté.The present invention relates to the field of heating cables, and relates in particular to a flat heating cable, flexible, directed thermal flow.

On connaît les câbles chauffants destinés à être fixés à un support à chauffer. Ceux-ci sont souvent fixés au support à chauffer par des colliers, ce qui rend l'efficacité de chauffe du support optimale au niveau des colliers, et d'efficacité moindre entre les colliers.Heating cables are known for attachment to a support to be heated. These are often attached to the support to be heated by collars, which makes the heating efficiency of the optimal support at the collars, and less effective between the collars.

En outre, une partie non négligeable de la chaleur est généralement perdue du côté du câble non fixé au support à chauffer, ce qui diminue fortement le rendement du câble chauffant.In addition, a significant part of the heat is generally lost on the side of the cable not fixed to the support to be heated, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the heating cable.

US4334148A décrit un câble chauffant plat, flexible, comprenant : au moins deux conducteurs métalliques s'étendant suivant la direction longitudinale du câble chauffant; une matrice chauffante dans laquelle les conducteurs métalliques sont noyés ; et un isolant électrique enveloppant la matrice chauffante, la matrice chauffante étant plate et possédant une face supérieure plate et une face inférieure plate de telle sorte que l'isolant électrique possède une face externe supérieure plate et une face externe inférieure plate. 1 US4334148A discloses a flat, flexible heating cable comprising: at least two metal conductors extending in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable; a heating matrix in which the metal conductors are embedded; and an electrical insulator surrounding the heating die, the heating die being flat and having a flat top face and a flat bottom face such that the electrical insulator has a flat upper outer face and a flat lower outer face. 1

La présente invention vise à résoudre les inconvénients de l'état antérieur de la technique, en proposant un câble chauffant plat, flexible, à flux thermique orienté, ledit câble chauffant plat possédant au niveau de l'une de ses faces plates un isolant thermique et au niveau de l'autre de ses faces plates une couche adhésive qui permet d'assurer un contact uniforme avec un support à chauffer afin d'augmenter l'efficacité de chauffe, et l'isolant thermique permettant d'orienter le flux thermique produit par le câble chauffant vers le support à chauffer afin de réduire les déperditions thermiques sur les faces du câble chauffant ne nécessitant pas de chauffage.The present invention aims at solving the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a flat, flexible, heat-flow-oriented heating cable, said flat heating cable having at one of its flat faces a thermal insulation and at the level of the other of its flat faces an adhesive layer which makes it possible to ensure uniform contact with a support to be heated in order to increase the heating efficiency, and the thermal insulator for orienting the heat flow produced by the heating cable to the support to be heated in order to reduce heat losses on the heating cable faces that do not require heating.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un câble chauffant plat, flexible, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend :

  • au moins deux conducteurs métalliques s'étendant suivant la direction longitudinale du câble chauffant ;
  • une matrice chauffante dans laquelle les conducteurs métalliques sont noyés ;
  • un isolant électrique enveloppant la matrice chauffante, la matrice chauffante étant plate et possédant une face supérieure plate et une face inférieure plate de telle sorte que l'isolant électrique possède une face externe supérieure plate et une face externe inférieure plate ;
  • un isolant thermique formé sur l'une des faces externes supérieure et inférieure de l'isolant électrique ; et
  • une couche adhésive formée sur l'autre des faces externes supérieure et inférieure de l'isolant électrique, la face adhésive de la couche adhésive étant celle opposée à celle disposée sur l'isolant électrique et configurée pour coller le câble chauffant sur un support, l'isolant thermique et la couche adhésive étant accolés sur les côtés de l'isolant électrique de telle sorte que l'isolant thermique et la couche adhésive enveloppent l'isolant électrique ;
  • la résistance thermique de l'isolant thermique étant supérieure à celle de la couche adhésive de telle sorte qu'un flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante est orienté vers la face externe de l'isolant électrique portant la couche adhésive.
The subject of the present invention is therefore a flat, flexible heating cable, characterized in that it comprises:
  • at least two metal conductors extending in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable;
  • a heating matrix in which the metal conductors are embedded;
  • an electrical insulator surrounding the heating die, the heating die being flat and having a flat top face and a flat bottom face such that the electrical insulator has a flat upper outer face and a flat lower outer face;
  • a thermal insulator formed on one of the upper and lower outer faces of the electrical insulator; and
  • an adhesive layer formed on the other of the upper and lower outer faces of the electrical insulator, the adhesive face of the adhesive layer being opposite to that disposed on the electrical insulator and configured to bond the heating cable to a support, thermal insulation and the adhesive layer being contiguous on the sides of the electrical insulator so that the thermal insulator and the adhesive layer envelop the electrical insulator;
  • the thermal resistance of the thermal insulation being greater than that of the adhesive layer so that a heat flux produced by the heating matrix is oriented towards the outer face of the electrical insulator carrying the adhesive layer.

Le câble chauffant est plat et de faible épaisseur, de préférence sous forme de ruban, conditionné ou non sous forme de bobine, et la matrice chauffante permet de chauffer par l'intermédiaire d'un courant électrique circulant dans la matrice chauffante.The heating cable is flat and thin, preferably in the form of ribbon, packaged or not in the form of a coil, and the heating matrix is used to heat through an electric current flowing in the heating matrix.

Le câble peut avantageusement être coupé, pour dénuder les conducteurs métalliques en vue de la connexion du câble chauffant à une source de courant par une borne, une fiche, une prise ou similaires.The cable can advantageously be cut, to strip the metal conductors for connection heating cable to a power source by a terminal, a plug, a plug or the like.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, la résistance thermique de l'isolant thermique est ajustée par l'épaisseur de l'isolant thermique formé sur l'isolant électrique, notamment par rapport à l'épaisseur de la couche adhésive, ou par le choix du matériau de l'isolant thermique.According to one particular characteristic of the invention, the thermal resistance of the thermal insulation is adjusted by the thickness of the thermal insulation formed on the electrical insulator, in particular with respect to the thickness of the adhesive layer, or by the choice of the material of the thermal insulation.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le câble chauffant comprend en outre un écran thermique disposé entre l'isolant électrique et l'isolant thermique, l'écran thermique s'étendant de préférence sur toute la longueur du câble chauffant et s'étendant transversalement sur toute ou partie de la largeur de la face de l'isolant électrique sur laquelle est disposé l'isolant thermique, l'écran thermique étant avantageusement noyé dans l'isolant thermique, au voisinage de la face de l'isolant thermique en contact avec l'isolant électrique.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the heating cable further comprises a heat shield disposed between the electrical insulator and the thermal insulator, the heat shield extending preferably over the entire length of the heating cable and extending transversely over all or part of the width of the face of the electrical insulator on which the thermal insulator is placed, the heat shield being advantageously embedded in the thermal insulator, in the vicinity of the face of the thermal insulator in contact with electrical insulation.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'écran thermique peut recouvrir l'isolant thermique, l'isolant thermique se trouvant alors entre l'écran thermique et l'isolant électrique.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the heat shield may cover the thermal insulation, the thermal insulation being then between the heat shield and the electrical insulation.

Ainsi, l'écran thermique permet de davantage limiter le flux thermique traversant l'isolant thermique, orientant ainsi la plus grande partie du flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante vers la couche adhésive et donc vers le support à chauffer.Thus, the heat shield further limits the heat flow through the thermal insulation, thereby directing most of the heat flow produced by the heating matrix to the adhesive layer and thus to the support to be heated.

L'écran thermique peut être en polyester à faible retrait, polyester stabilisé, complexe polyester non tissé et aluminium, complexe polyester non tissé et polyester, ou matériau de type polyétherimide (PEI).The heat shield may be of low shrinkage polyester, stabilized polyester, nonwoven polyester and aluminum complex, nonwoven polyester and polyester complex, or polyetherimide (PEI) material.

L'isolant thermique peut être un polymère de type polyoléfine, fluoropolymère, polymère thermoplastique ou alliage de polymères.The thermal insulation may be a polyolefin type polymer, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy.

Le polymère de type polyoléfine peut, par exemple, être du polyéthylène ou du polyéthylène réticulé.The polyolefin polymer may, for example, be polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene.

Le fluoropolymère peut, par exemple, être l'un parmi du FEP (éthylène propylène fluoré), du PVDF (polyfluorure de vinylidène), du ECTFE (polyéthylènechlorotrifluoroéthylène) ou du ETFE (éthylène tétrafluoroéthylène).The fluoropolymer may, for example, be one of FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), ECTFE (polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) or ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene).

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'isolant thermique est une gaine thermiquement isolante.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the thermal insulation is a thermally insulating sheath.

L'homme du métier, en fonction du matériau constituant la couche adhésive et du matériau constituant l'isolant thermique, ajuster l'épaisseur de l'isolant thermique pour orienter le flux selon l'invention. L'homme du métier saura également au besoin choisir un matériau pour l'isolant thermique.The skilled person, depending on the material constituting the adhesive layer and the material constituting the thermal insulation, adjust the thickness of the thermal insulation to guide the flow according to the invention. The skilled person will also if necessary choose a material for thermal insulation.

Ainsi, la gaine thermiquement isolante permet de limiter le flux thermique traversant celle-ci, orientant ainsi une grande partie du flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante vers la couche adhésive et donc vers le support à chauffer.Thus, the thermally insulating sheath makes it possible to limit the heat flux passing therethrough, thus directing a large part of the thermal flux produced by the heating matrix towards the adhesive layer and thus towards the support to be heated.

L'isolant thermique peut aussi avantageusement être un isolant électrique.The thermal insulation may also advantageously be an electrical insulator.

La couche adhésive peut être un adhésif double face appliqué sur la face externe de l'isolant électrique opposée à celle sur laquelle est disposé l'isolant thermique.The adhesive layer may be a double-sided adhesive applied to the outer face of the electrical insulator opposite to that on which the thermal insulator is placed.

Ainsi, l'adhésif double face permet d'assurer une surface de contact plus importante avec le support à chauffer afin d'augmenter l'efficacité de chauffe, et l'isolant thermique permet d'orienter le flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante vers le support à chauffer afin de réduire les déperditions thermiques sur les faces du câble chauffant ne nécessitant pas de chauffage.Thus, the double-sided adhesive makes it possible to ensure a greater contact surface with the support to be heated in order to increase the heating efficiency, and the thermal insulation can direct the heat flow produced by the heating matrix to the support to be heated in order to reduce heat losses on the heating cable faces that do not require heating.

De plus, l'adhésif à double face permet une simplicité d'installation du câble chauffant sur un support à chauffer. Le câble chauffant étant plat et flexible, celui-ci peut, par exemple, facilement être enroulé sur toute la longueur ou autour d'un support de type canalisation tout en assurant un contact uniforme avec le support de type canalisation.In addition, the double-sided adhesive allows easy installation of the heating cable on a support to be heated. The heating cable being flat and flexible, it can, for example, easily be wound over the entire length or around a channel-type support while ensuring uniform contact with the channel-type support.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, la matrice chauffante peut être une matrice chauffante semi-conductrice à coefficient de température positif.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the heating matrix may be a semiconductor heating matrix with a positive temperature coefficient.

La matrice chauffante semi-conductrice peut être réalisée en polymère à base de polyoléfine ou fluoropolymère chargé de noir de carbone ou d'un mélange de noir de carbone et de nanotubes de carbone. Le polymère à base de polyoléfine peut, par exemple, être du polyéthylène, et le fluoropolymère peut, par exemple, être du PVDF (polyfluorure de vinylidène), du FEP (éthylène propylène fluoré), du PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) ou du PEEK (polyétheréthercétone).The semiconductor heating matrix may be made of polyolefin polymer or fluoropolymer loaded with carbon black or a mixture of carbon black and carbon nanotubes. The polyolefin-based polymer may, for example, be polyethylene, and the fluoropolymer may, for example, be PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone). ).

La matrice chauffante peut avantageusement avoir une résistance électrique qui varie en fonction de la température, pour une autorégulation de puissance électrique du câble chauffant. Des exemples de câbles chauffants autorégulés en température sont décrits dans le brevet américain US4876440 .The heating matrix may advantageously have an electrical resistance that varies as a function of temperature, for self-regulation of the electric power of the heating cable. Examples of temperature-controlled heating cables are described in US Pat. US4876440 .

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le câble chauffant comprend au moins deux conducteurs métalliques s'étendant parallèlement suivant la direction longitudinale du câble chauffant.According to one particular characteristic of the invention, the heating cable comprises at least two metal conductors extending parallel in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable.

Chaque conducteur métallique peut avantageusement être un toron en cuivre nickelé.Each metal conductor may advantageously be a nickel-plated copper strand.

Ainsi, le ou les torons de cuivre nickelé permettent de transporter un courant électrique à l'intérieur du câble chauffant afin de chauffer la matrice chauffante pour que cette dernière produise un flux thermique orienté vers le support à chauffer.Thus, the nickel-plated copper strand (s) enable an electric current to be conveyed inside the heating cable in order to heat the heating matrix so that the latter produces a thermal flow directed towards the support to be heated.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'isolant électrique est réalisé en polymère à base de polyoléfine.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the electrical insulator is made of polyolefin-based polymer.

Ainsi, l'isolant électrique présente de bonnes caractéristiques diélectrique et mécanique.Thus, the electrical insulator has good dielectric and mechanical characteristics.

Le polymère à base de polyoléfine peut, par exemple, être du polyéthylène ou de l'élastomère thermoplastique.The polyolefin-based polymer may, for example, be polyethylene or thermoplastic elastomer.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le câble chauffant comprend en outre à chaque extrémité des bornes pour l'alimentation en courant des conducteurs métalliques. Il peut également comprendre des fiches ou des prises.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the heating cable further comprises at each end terminals for the power supply of the metal conductors. It can also include plugs or plugs.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'épaisseur du câble chauffant est comprise entre 0,1 et 15 mm et la largeur du câble chauffant est comprise entre 0,5 et 800 mm, sans que ces dimensions soient limitatives.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the thickness of the heating cable is between 0.1 and 15 mm and the width of the heating cable is between 0.5 and 800 mm, without these dimensions being limiting.

Ainsi, le câble chauffant peut facilement être plié ou courbé afin d'optimiser le contact avec un support à chauffer de forme quelconque.Thus, the heating cable can easily be bent or curved in order to optimize contact with a support to be heated in any shape.

L'invention a également pour objet une bobine comprenant un câble chauffant tel que défini ci-dessus enroulé.The invention also relates to a coil comprising a heating cable as defined above wound.

Ainsi, le câble chauffant étant plat et flexible, celui-ci peut facilement être enroulé en forme de bobine afin de rendre son conditionnement compact.Thus, the heating cable being flat and flexible, it can easily be wound into a coil form to make its compact packaging.

Pour mieux illustrer l'objet de la présente invention, on va en décrire ci-après, à titre illustratif et non limitatif, deux modes de réalisation préférés, avec référence aux dessins annexés.To better illustrate the object of the present invention will be described below, by way of illustration and not limited to two preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la Figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un câble chauffant selon un premier mode de réalisation de la présente invention ; et
  • la Figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un câble chauffant selon un second mode de réalisation de la présente invention.
On these drawings:
  • the Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heating cable according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and
  • the Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a heating cable according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Si l'on se réfère à la Figure 1, on peut voir qu'il y est représenté un câble chauffant 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation de la présente invention disposé sur un substrat à chauffer 2.If we refer to the Figure 1 it can be seen that there is shown a heating cable 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention disposed on a substrate to be heated 2.

Le câble chauffant 1 est plat, flexible et de préférence à autorégulation de la puissance électrique en fonction de la température. Les modes de réalisation représentés sont à autorégulation de la puissance électrique en fonction de la température, mais l'invention n'est pas limitée à cet égard et les câbles à simple matrice chauffante entrent dans le cadre de la présente invention.The heating cable 1 is flat, flexible and preferably self-regulating electrical power as a function of temperature. The embodiments shown are self-regulating electrical power as a function of temperature, but the invention is not limited in this respect and single-matrix heating cables are within the scope of the present invention.

Le câble chauffant 1 comprend, sur toute sa longueur, deux conducteurs métalliques 3 s'étendant suivant la direction longitudinale du câble chauffant 1, une matrice chauffante semi-conductrice à coefficient de température positif 4 dans laquelle les conducteurs métalliques 3 sont noyés, et un isolant électrique 5 enveloppant la matrice chauffante semi-conductrice 4.The heating cable 1 comprises, over its entire length, two metal conductors 3 extending in the longitudinal direction of the heating cable 1, a positive temperature coefficient semiconductor heating matrix 4 in which the conductors 3 are embedded, and an electrical insulator 5 surrounding the semiconductor heating matrix 4.

La matrice chauffante semi-conductrice 4 est plate et possède une face supérieure plate et une face inférieure plate de telle sorte que l'isolant électrique 5 possède une face externe supérieure plate et une face externe inférieure plate.The semiconductor heating die 4 is flat and has a flat upper face and a flat lower face such that the electrical insulator 5 has a flat upper outer face and a flat lower outer face.

Le câble chauffant 1 comprend en outre, sur toute sa longueur, un isolant thermique 6 disposé sur la face externe supérieure de l'isolant électrique 5, et une couche adhésive représentée dans les modes de réalisation, sans que l'invention soit limitée à cet égard, sous la forme d'un adhésif à double face 7 disposé sur la face externe inférieure de l'isolant électrique 5. La couche adhésive 7 pourrait par exemple être extrudée avec l'isolant électrique 5, la face tournée vers l'extérieur de la couche adhésive 7 étant ensuite rendue adhésive.The heating cable 1 further comprises, over its entire length, a thermal insulator 6 disposed on the upper outer face of the electrical insulator 5, and an adhesive layer shown in the embodiments, without the invention being limited to this in the form of a double-sided adhesive 7 disposed on the lower outer face of the electrical insulator 5. The adhesive layer 7 could for example be extruded with the electrical insulator 5, the outwardly facing face of the adhesive layer 7 is then made adhesive.

Il est à noter que l'isolant thermique 6 et l'adhésif à double face 7 pourraient respectivement être disposés sur la face externe inférieure de l'isolant électrique 5 et sur la face externe supérieure de l'isolant électrique 5, sans s'écarter du cadre de la présente invention.It should be noted that the thermal insulator 6 and the double-sided adhesive 7 could respectively be arranged on the lower outer face of the electrical insulator 5 and on the upper outer face of the electrical insulator 5, without departing of the scope of the present invention.

L'adhésif à double face 7 est ensuite collé, par un utilisateur, sur le substrat à chauffer 2 de telle sorte que le câble chauffant 1 est fixé au substrat à chauffer 2.The double-sided adhesive 7 is then bonded by a user to the substrate to be heated 2 so that the heating cable 1 is fixed to the substrate to be heated 2.

Le substrat à chauffer 2 peut, par exemple, être une canalisation, une gouttière ou une rampe d'accès d'un bâtiment.The substrate to be heated 2 may, for example, be a pipe, a gutter or an access ramp of a building.

La résistance thermique de l'isolant thermique 6 est supérieure à celle de l'adhésif à double face 7 de telle sorte qu'un flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante semi-conductrice 4 est orienté vers la face externe de l'isolant électrique 5 portant l'adhésif à double face 7, c'est-à-dire vers le substrat à chauffer 2.The thermal resistance of the thermal insulation 6 is greater than that of the double-sided adhesive 7 so that a heat flux produced by the semiconductor heating matrix 4 is oriented towards the face external of the electrical insulator 5 carrying the double-sided adhesive 7, that is to say towards the substrate to be heated 2.

L'isolant thermique 6 est réalisé en polymère de type polyoléfine (par exemple, polyéthylène ou polyéthylène réticulé), fluoropolymère (par exemple, FEP, PVDF, ECTFE ou ETFE), polymère thermoplastique ou alliage de polymères.The thermal insulation 6 is made of polyolefin type polymer (for example, polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene), fluoropolymer (for example, FEP, PVDF, ECTFE or ETFE), thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy.

Les deux conducteurs métalliques 3 sont deux torons en cuivre nickelé espacés l'un de l'autre, s'étendant parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du câble chauffant 1.The two metal conductors 3 are two nickel-plated copper strands spaced from one another, extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the heating cable 1.

Il est à noter que le câble chauffant 1 pourrait comprendre plus que deux conducteurs métalliques 3, sans s'écarter du cadre de la présente invention.It should be noted that the heating cable 1 could comprise more than two metal conductors 3, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

La matrice chauffante semi-conductrice 4 est réalisée en polymère à base de polyoléfine (par exemple, polyéthylène) ou fluoropolymère (par exemple, PVDF ou FEP) chargé de noir de carbone.The semiconductor heating matrix 4 is made of a polymer based on polyolefin (for example, polyethylene) or fluoropolymer (for example, PVDF or FEP) loaded with carbon black.

L'isolant électrique 5 est réalisé en polymère à base de polyoléfine (par exemple, polyéthylène ou élastomère thermoplastique).The electrical insulation 5 is made of polyolefin-based polymer (for example, polyethylene or thermoplastic elastomer).

L'épaisseur du câble chauffant 1 est comprise, de préférence, entre 0,1 et 15 mm et la largeur du câble chauffant 1 est comprise, de préférence, entre 0,5 et 800 mm, l'invention n'étant pas limitée à cet égard.The thickness of the heating cable 1 is preferably between 0.1 and 15 mm and the width of the heating cable 1 is preferably between 0.5 and 800 mm, the invention being not limited to this regard.

Lorsqu'un courant électrique est injecté dans les conducteurs métalliques 3, la matrice chauffante semi-conductrice à coefficient de température positif 4 produit un flux thermique, ladite matrice chauffante 4 étant autorégulée en puissance électrique par rapport à la température. L'isolant thermique 6 permet d'orienter le flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante 4 vers le substrat à chauffer 2, une partie mineure 8 du flux thermique traversant l'isolant thermique 6 et une partie majeure 9 du flux thermique traversant l'adhésif à double face 7 et atteignant le substrat à chauffer 2.When an electric current is injected into the metal conductors 3, the positive temperature coefficient semiconductor heating matrix 4 produces a heat flux, said heating matrix 4 being self-regulated in electrical power with respect to the temperature. The thermal insulator 6 makes it possible to orient the heat flux produced by the heating matrix 4 towards the substrate to be heated 2, a minor portion 8 of the heat flux passing through the thermal insulation 6 and a portion major 9 heat flow through the double-sided adhesive 7 and reaching the substrate to be heated 2.

Ainsi, l'adhésif à double face 7 permet d'assurer une surface de contact plus importante du câble chauffant 1 avec le substrat à chauffer 2 afin d'augmentation l'efficacité de chauffe, et l'isolant thermique 6 permet de réduire les déperditions thermiques sur les faces du câble chauffant 1 ne nécessitant pas de chauffage.Thus, the double-sided adhesive 7 makes it possible to ensure a greater contact surface of the heating cable 1 with the substrate to be heated 2 in order to increase the heating efficiency, and the thermal insulation 6 makes it possible to reduce the losses. on the faces of the heating cable 1 not requiring heating.

Le câble chauffant 1 étant plat et flexible, celui-ci peut facilement être enroulé sur toute la longueur d'un substrat à chauffer 2 de type canalisation tout en assurant un contact uniforme sur toute la longueur de la canalisation.The heating cable 1 being flat and flexible, it can easily be wound over the entire length of a pipe-type heating substrate 2 while ensuring uniform contact over the entire length of the pipe.

Si l'on se réfère à la Figure 2, on peut voir qu'il y est représenté un câble chauffant 11 selon un second mode de réalisation de la présente invention.If we refer to the Figure 2 it can be seen that there is shown a heating cable 11 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Les éléments communs entre le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention sur la Figures 1 et ce second mode de réalisation de l'invention portent le même chiffre de référence auquel on a ajouté 10, et ne seront pas décrits plus en détail ici lorsqu'ils sont de structures identiques.The common elements between the first embodiment of the invention on the Figures 1 and this second embodiment of the invention bear the same reference numeral to which 10 has been added, and will not be described in more detail here when they are of identical structures.

Le câble chauffant 11 comprend en outre, sur toute sa longueur, un écran thermique 20 disposé entre l'isolant électrique 15 et l'isolant thermique 16.The heating cable 11 further comprises, over its entire length, a heat shield 20 disposed between the electrical insulator 15 and the thermal insulator 16.

L'écran thermique 20 est réalisé en polyester à faible retrait, polyester stabilisé, complexe polyester non tissé et aluminium, complexe polyester non tissé et polyester, ou matériau de type polyétherimide (PEI).The heat shield 20 is made of low shrinkage polyester, stabilized polyester, nonwoven polyester and aluminum complex, nonwoven polyester and polyester complex, or polyetherimide (PEI) material.

Ainsi, l'écran thermique 20 permet de davantage limiter le flux thermique, produit par la matrice chauffante 14, traversant l'isolant thermique 16, orientant ainsi la plus grande partie du flux thermique produit par la matrice chauffante semi-conductrice 14 vers l'adhésif à double face 17 et donc vers le support à chauffer.Thus, the heat shield 20 makes it possible to further limit the heat flux produced by the heating matrix 14, passing through the thermal insulation 16, thus directing the greater part of the heat flow produced by the semiconductor heating matrix 14 to the double-sided adhesive 17 and thus to the support to be heated.

La disposition de l'écran thermique 20 entre l'isolant thermique 16 et l'isolant électrique 15 permet de réduire l'épaisseur de l'isolant thermique 16 par rapport à l'isolant thermique 6 de la Figure 1, permettant ainsi de réduire davantage l'épaisseur globale du câble chauffant 11.The arrangement of the heat shield 20 between the thermal insulator 16 and the electrical insulator 15 makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the thermal insulator 16 with respect to the thermal insulator 6 of the Figure 1 , thereby further reducing the overall thickness of the heating cable 11.

Il est à noter que l'épaisseur de l'isolant thermique 16 pourrait également être identique à l'épaisseur de l'isolant thermique 6 de la Figure 1, sans s'écarter du cadre de la présente invention.It should be noted that the thickness of the thermal insulation 16 could also be identical to the thickness of the thermal insulation 6 of the Figure 1 without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Le câble chauffant 1, 11 étant plat et flexible, de préférence en forme de ruban, celui-ci peut facilement être enroulé en bobine afin de rendre son conditionnement compact.Since the heating cable 1, 11 is flat and flexible, preferably in the form of a ribbon, this ribbon can easily be wound into a coil in order to make its packaging compact.

La présente invention porte également sur une bobine comprenant un câble chauffant 1, 11 selon la présente invention enroulé.The present invention also relates to a coil comprising a heating cable 1, 11 according to the present invention wound.

Claims (14)

  1. A flat, flexible heating cable (1, 11) comprising :
    - at least two metal conductors (3, 13) extending along the longitudinal direction of the heating cable (1, 11);
    - a heating matrix (4, 14) in which the metal conductors (3, 13) are embedded; and
    - an electric insulator (5, 15) surrounding the heating matrix (4, 14), the heating matrix (4, 14) being flat and having a flat upper face and a flat lower face such that the electric insulator (5, 15) has a flat upper outer face and a flat lower outer face;
    the heating cable being characterized in that it comprises:
    - a heat insulator (6, 16) formed on one of the upper and lower outer faces of the electric insulator (5, 15); and
    - an adhesive layer (7, 17) formed on the other of the upper and lower outer faces of the electric insulator (5, 15), the adhesive face of the adhesive layer (7, 17) being opposed to that arranged on the electric insulator (5, 15) and configured to bond the heating cable (1, 11) on a support, the heat insulator (6, 16) and the adhesive layer (7, 17) being appended at the sides of the electric insulator (5, 15) such that the heat insulator (6, 16) and the adhesive layer (7, 17) wrap the electric insulator (5, 15);
    the heat resistance of the heat insulator (6, 16) being greater than that of the adhesive layer (7, 17) such that a heat flow generated by the heating matrix (4, 14) is directed towards the outer face of the electric insulator (5, 15) carrying the adhesive layer (7, 17).
  2. The heating cable (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a heat shield (20) arranged between the electric insulator (15) and the heat insulator (16), the heat shield (20) preferably extending on the entire length of the heating cable (11) and transversally extending on all or part of the width of the face of the electric insulator (15) on which the heat insulator (16) is arranged.
  3. The heating cable (11) according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat shield (20) is made of low-shrinkage polyester, stabilized polyester, aluminum and non-woven polyester complex, polyester and non-woven polyester complex, or polyetherimide-type material.
  4. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the heat insulator (6, 16) is a polymer of the type polyolefin, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic polymer or polymer alloy.
  5. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the heat insulator (6, 16) is also an electric insulator.
  6. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the adhesive layer (7, 17) is a double-sided adhesive applied on the outer face of the electric insulator (5, 15) opposed to that on which the heat insulator (6, 16) is arranged.
  7. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the heating matrix (4, 14) is a semi-conductor heating matrix with positive temperature coefficient.
  8. The heating cable (1, 11) according to claim 7, characterized in that the semi-conductor heating matrix (4, 14) is made of a polymer based on polyolefin or fluoropolymer filled with carbon black or a mixture of carbon black and carbon nanotubes.
  9. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the heating matrix (4, 14) has an electrical resistance which varies according to the temperature.
  10. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises at least two metal conductors (3, 13) extending in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the heating cable (1, 11).
  11. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that each metal conductor (3, 13) is a nickel-plated copper strand.
  12. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the electric insulator (5, 15) is made of polyolefin-based polymer.
  13. The heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that it further comprises, at each end, terminals for the power supply of the metal conductors (3, 13).
  14. A coil comprising a heating cable (1, 11) according to one of claims 1-13 which is wound.
EP16717418.4A 2015-03-03 2016-03-01 Heating cable with directed heat flow Active EP3266278B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1551762A FR3033445B1 (en) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 THERMAL FLUX HEATING CABLE ORIENTE
PCT/FR2016/050455 WO2016139413A1 (en) 2015-03-03 2016-03-01 Heating cable with directed heat flow

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3266278A1 EP3266278A1 (en) 2018-01-10
EP3266278B1 true EP3266278B1 (en) 2018-12-12

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ID=53794292

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16717418.4A Active EP3266278B1 (en) 2015-03-03 2016-03-01 Heating cable with directed heat flow

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3266278B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3033445B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016139413A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1521460A (en) * 1974-08-30 1978-08-16 Raychem Corp Self-limiting electrically resistive article and process for its manufacture
US4876440A (en) 1976-12-13 1989-10-24 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising conductive polymer compositions
US4346277A (en) * 1979-10-29 1982-08-24 Eaton Corporation Packaged electrical heating element

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3033445A1 (en) 2016-09-09
EP3266278A1 (en) 2018-01-10
WO2016139413A1 (en) 2016-09-09
FR3033445B1 (en) 2017-03-10

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