FR2644660A1 - Heating cable, more especially intended for direct heating by radiation - Google Patents

Heating cable, more especially intended for direct heating by radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2644660A1
FR2644660A1 FR8903799A FR8903799A FR2644660A1 FR 2644660 A1 FR2644660 A1 FR 2644660A1 FR 8903799 A FR8903799 A FR 8903799A FR 8903799 A FR8903799 A FR 8903799A FR 2644660 A1 FR2644660 A1 FR 2644660A1
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Prior art keywords
heating cable
heating
cable according
profile
cable
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FR8903799A
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French (fr)
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FR2644660B1 (en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • F24D3/141—Tube mountings specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

The heating cable comprises one or more electrically resistant wires surrounded by an electrically insulating layer, and is shaped as a snaking line and covered, between two consecutive extremities 3a, 3b, with a straight segment 4 of a profiled member made from a rigid material with high bending resistance and high hardness, each end of which is set slightly back from the adjacent extremity 3a or 3b. Each segment 4 is fixed at one point of a longitudinal lace or strap 10 so that the angle between two adjacent straight segments 2 is constant. The transverse section of the profiled member is in the shape of an inverted U, the ends of the branches 5, 6 of the U being slightly toed in.

Description

La présente invention concerne un câble chauffant et, plus particulièrement, un câble chauffant destiné au chauffage direct par rayonnement. The present invention relates to a heating cable and, more particularly, a heating cable intended for direct heating by radiation.

Le chauffage par le sol au moyen de câbles électriques chauffants doit actuellement en France répondre aux normes suivantes:
- document technique unifié 65/7 du CSTB, et
- norme NFC 32.330 relative à la fabrication des câbles chauf
fants et éléments de chauffage.Underfloor heating using electric heating cables must currently meet the following standards in France:
- CSTB unified technical document 65/7, and
- NFC 32.330 standard relating to the manufacture of heating cables
gloves and heating elements.

Ces documents concernent essentiellement la fabrication ainsi que la mise en oeuvre de câbles installés dans la masse des dalles des planchers, l'inertie thermique de la dalle jouant un rôle prépondérant. L'émission linéique de tels câbles chauffants est alors habituellement comprise entre 25 et 33 W/m. These documents essentially relate to the manufacture as well as the implementation of cables installed in the mass of the floor slabs, the thermal inertia of the slab playing a predominant role. The linear emission of such heating cables is then usually between 25 and 33 W / m.

Le chauffage direct par rayonnement présente de plus en plus d'intérêt. En effet, le sol constitue une surface d'émission très efficace. Cependant, la qualification de chauffage dit "direct" implique que l'inertie thermique de l'émetteur de chaleur est faible, c'est-à-dire que l'on utilise des chapes ou des dalles flottantes en béton de faible épaisseur disposées sur une couche en matière thermiquement isolante, le câble chauffant étant installé entre la chape et la couche isolante. Direct heating by radiation is of increasing interest. Indeed, the ground constitutes a very effective emission surface. However, the qualification of heating known as "direct" implies that the thermal inertia of the heat emitter is low, that is to say that one uses screeds or floating concrete slabs of thin thickness arranged on a layer of thermally insulating material, the heating cable being installed between the screed and the insulating layer.

Afin de ne pas dépasser le seuil de 280 C en tous points de contact au sol, il faut évidemment réduire l'émission linéique des câbles utilisés jusqu'à 10 à 15 W/m. On est donc conduit à prévoir des câbles chauffants d'une structure sensiblement différente de celles des câbles connus, en tenant compte de nouvelles contraintes, telles que le risque de pénétration du câble dans la couche isolante thermique lors des déplacements du personnel qui pose le câble ou de celui qui l'enrobe. In order not to exceed the 280 C threshold at all ground contact points, it is obviously necessary to reduce the linear emission of the cables used up to 10 to 15 W / m. It is therefore necessary to provide heating cables with a structure substantially different from those of known cables, taking into account new constraints, such as the risk of penetration of the cable into the thermal insulating layer during the movement of the personnel laying the cable. or whoever wraps it.

Dans la demande de brevet français n0 88 14854, intitulée "Câble chauffant, plus particulièrement destiné au chauffage direct par rayonnement" et déposée par le présent demandeur, il est décrit un tel câble comprenant un ou des fils électriquement résistants autour desquels est prévue une couche électriquement isolante autour de laquelle est encore prévue une gaine en matière thermoplastique rigide à haute résistance à la flexion et de grande dureté. La matière de la gaine peut faire partie du groupe polypropylène, polychlorure de vinyle (PVC), polyéthylène. In French patent application No. 88 14854, entitled "Heating cable, more particularly intended for direct radiation heating" and filed by the present applicant, there is described such a cable comprising one or more electrically resistant wires around which a layer is provided. electrically insulating around which is still provided a sheath of rigid thermoplastic material with high flexural strength and high hardness. The sheath material can be part of the polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene group.

Pour équiper une surface plane avec un tel câble chauffant, on le dispose en segments parallèles successifs en effectuant à chaque extrémité un changement de direction à 1800, ce qui est exécuté en chauffant localement la gaine. La pose d'un tel câble prend donc du temps. To equip a flat surface with such a heating cable, it is arranged in successive parallel segments by making a change of direction at 1800 at each end, which is carried out by locally heating the sheath. Laying such a cable therefore takes time.

Un objet de la présente invention consiste à prévoir un arrangement en réseau d'un câble à chauffage direct permettant d'en faciliter la pose et de la rendre plus rapide. An object of the present invention to provide a network arrangement of a direct heating cable to facilitate installation and make it faster.

Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, le câble comprenant un ou des fils électriquement résistants entourés d'une couche électriquement isolante est conformé en une ligne sinueuse et coiffé, entre deux sommets consécutifs, d'un segment rectiligne d'un profilé en matière rigide à haute résistance à la flexion et de grande dureté dont chaque extrémité est légèrement en retrait du sommet adjacent. According to a characteristic of the invention, the cable comprising one or more electrically resistant wires surrounded by an electrically insulating layer is formed in a sinuous line and capped, between two consecutive vertices, with a rectilinear segment of a profile made of rigid material with high flexural strength and great hardness, each end of which is slightly set back from the adjacent vertex.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, chaque segment est fixé en un point d'un cordon ou d'une lanière longitudinale de sorte que l'angle entre deux segments rectilignes adjacents soit constant. According to another characteristic, each segment is fixed at a point of a cord or a longitudinal strap so that the angle between two adjacent rectilinear segments is constant.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, le ou lesdits cordons ou lanières longitudinaux sont en matière élastomère. According to another characteristic, the one or more longitudinal cords or strips are made of elastomeric material.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, la matière du profilé est une matière plastique rigide. According to another characteristic, the material of the profile is a rigid plastic material.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, la matière du profilé est métallique. According to another characteristic, the material of the profile is metallic.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, la section transversale du profilé est en forme de U inversé, les extrémités des branches du U étant légèrement pincées vers l'intérieur. According to another characteristic, the cross section of the profile is in the form of an inverted U, the ends of the branches of the U being slightly pinched inwards.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, lesdites extrémités sont, après avoir été pincées vers l'intérieur, pliées vers l'extérieur. According to another characteristic, said ends are, after being pinched inwards, folded outwards.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, les extrémités sont prolongées horizontalement. According to another characteristic, the ends are extended horizontally.

Les caractéristiques de l'invention mentionnées ci-dessus, ainsi que d'autres, apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation, ladite description étant faite en relation avec les dessins joints, parmi lesquels:
la Fig. I est une vue de dessus d'une portion de câble chauffant suivant l'invention, avant étirage,
la Fig. 2 est une vue de dessus du câble chauffant de la Fig.The characteristics of the invention mentioned above, as well as others, will appear more clearly on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments, said description being made in relation to the accompanying drawings, among which:
Fig. I is a top view of a portion of heating cable according to the invention, before stretching,
Fig. 2 is a top view of the heating cable of FIG.

1, après étirage longitudinal, et
les Figs. 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe de deux profilés utilisables avec le câble chauffant de l'invention.1, after longitudinal stretching, and
Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views of two sections usable with the heating cable of the invention.

Le câble 1 de la Fig. 1 est constitué par une âme formée d'un ou de plusieurs fils électriques résistants et revêtue d'une couche électriquement isolante. Le fil 1 se présente sous la forme d'une ligne sinueuse comportant des parties rectilignes 2 entre des sommets arrondis 3a, à gauche, et 3b, à droite en regardant le dessin. Entre chaque sommet 3a et le sommet voisin 3b, chaque partie rectiligne 2 du câble 1 est coiffée d'un segment rectiligne 4 découpé dans un profilé. The cable 1 of FIG. 1 consists of a core formed by one or more resistant electrical wires and coated with an electrically insulating layer. The wire 1 is in the form of a sinuous line comprising rectilinear parts 2 between rounded vertices 3a, on the left, and 3b, on the right while looking at the drawing. Between each vertex 3a and the neighboring vertex 3b, each rectilinear part 2 of the cable 1 is capped with a rectilinear segment 4 cut out from a profile.

Chaque extrémité d'un segment 4 est légèrement en retrait du sommet adjacent 3a ou 3b de manière à laisser une longueur de câble nu suffisante pour que le coudage soit bien toléré par le câble 1. Each end of a segment 4 is slightly set back from the adjacent apex 3a or 3b so as to leave a sufficient length of bare cable so that bending is well tolerated by the cable 1.

Comme le montre la Fig. 3, la section d'un segment 4 est, par exemple, en U inversé. La matière du profilé est telle qu'il est rigide, à haute résistance à la flexion et à grande dureté. Comme le montre encore la Fig. 2, la largeur du U est sensiblement égale au diamètre du câble 1. Par ailleurs, de préférence, les extrémités 5 et 6 des branches du U comportent chacune un pli 7 vers l'intérieur suivi d'un pli 8 vers l'extérieur. Le pli 7 permet d'éviter que le profilé ne se détache du câble. Le pli 8 facilite la pose du profilé sur le câble. As shown in Fig. 3, the section of a segment 4 is, for example, in inverted U. The material of the profile is such that it is rigid, with high resistance to bending and with great hardness. As still shown in FIG. 2, the width of the U is substantially equal to the diameter of the cable 1. Furthermore, preferably, the ends 5 and 6 of the branches of the U each have a fold 7 towards the inside followed by a fold 8 towards the outside. The fold 7 makes it possible to prevent the profile from coming off the cable. The fold 8 facilitates the installation of the profile on the cable.

La Fig. 4 montre un autre exemple de coupe transversale d'un segment 4, en forme de oméga dont les branches horizontales 9 assurent une meilleure diffusion de la chaleur. Fig. 4 shows another example of a cross section of a segment 4, in the shape of an omega, the horizontal branches 9 of which provide better heat distribution.

Les segments 4 sont reliés les uns aux autres par une lanière longitudinale 10, les points de liaison entre la lanière et les segments se trouvant au milieu de ces derniers. En pratique, la liaison peut être réalisée par collage. En particulier, la lanière peut être constituée par deux rubans adhésifs dont les faces adhésives sont tournées l'une vers l'autre. Entre les segments, les rubans sont collés l'un à l'autre et, au passage d'un segment, celui-ci est prisonnier entre les deux rubans. Bien entendu au lieu d'une lanière, on peut en prévoir deux symétriques par rapport à l'axe de symétrie du réseau. The segments 4 are connected to each other by a longitudinal strap 10, the connection points between the strap and the segments being in the middle of the latter. In practice, the connection can be made by gluing. In particular, the strap may consist of two adhesive tapes, the adhesive faces of which are turned towards one another. Between the segments, the ribbons are glued to each other and, when a segment passes, it is trapped between the two ribbons. Of course, instead of a strap, two symmetrical ones can be provided with respect to the axis of symmetry of the network.

Le câble 1, les segments 3 et la lanière 10 forment ainsi un réseau en bande longitudinale de largeur constante qui peut être conditionné, enroulé ou encore replié en couches successives. The cable 1, the segments 3 and the strap 10 thus form a network in a longitudinal strip of constant width which can be packaged, rolled up or even folded in successive layers.

Dans un local à équiper, la longueur du câble chauffant et, donc, la longueur du réseau utilisé sont fonction de la puissance linéique à atteindre. Cette opération est facile quand on peut étirer uniformément le réseau. A cet effet, on peut prévoir, de préférence, une lanière 10 extensible. On peut alors avoir la forme de réseau montré à la Fig. 2. In a room to be equipped, the length of the heating cable and, therefore, the length of the network used are a function of the linear power to be achieved. This is easy when you can stretch the network evenly. For this purpose, provision may preferably be made for an extensible strap 10. We can then have the form of network shown in FIG. 2.

Le profilé dans lequel sont découpés les segments peut être en métal ou en matière plastique. Dans ce dernier cas, la matière plastique peut être du groupe polypropylène, polychlorure de vinyle ou polyéthylène, par exemple.  The profile in which the segments are cut can be made of metal or plastic. In the latter case, the plastic may be of the polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene group, for example.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Câble chauffant et, plus particulièrement, câble chauffant destiné au chauffage direct par rayonnement caractérisé en ce que le câble (1) comprend un ou des fils électriquement résistants entourés d'une couche électriquement isolante, et est conformé en une ligne sinueuse et coiffé, entre deux sommets consécutifs (3a, 3b), d'un segment rectiligne (4) d'un profilé en matière rigide à haute résistance à la flexion et de grande dureté dont chaque extrémité est légèrement en retrait du sommet adjacent (3a ou 3b). 1) Heating cable and, more particularly, heating cable intended for direct heating by radiation, characterized in that the cable (1) comprises one or more electrically resistant wires surrounded by an electrically insulating layer, and is shaped into a sinuous and capped line , between two consecutive vertices (3a, 3b), of a rectilinear segment (4) of a profile made of rigid material with high flexural strength and great hardness, each end of which is slightly set back from the adjacent vertex (3a or 3b ). 2) Câble chauffant suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque segment (4) est fixé en un point d'un cordon ou d'une lanière longitudinale (10) de sorte que l'angle entre deux segments rectilignes adjacents (2) soit constant. 2) Heating cable according to claim 1, characterized in that each segment (4) is fixed at a point of a cord or a longitudinal strap (10) so that the angle between two adjacent rectilinear segments (2) be constant. 3) Câble chauffant suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le ou lesdits cordons ou lanières longitudinaux (10) sont en matière élastomère. 3) Heating cable according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the or said longitudinal cords or strips (10) are made of elastomeric material. 4) Câble chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la matière du profilé est une matière plastique rigide. 4) Heating cable according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material of the profile is a rigid plastic. 5) Câble chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la matière. du profilé est métallique. 5) Heating cable according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material. of the profile is metallic. 6) Câble chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale du profilé est en forme de U inversé, les extrémités des branches (5, 6) du U étant légèrement pincées vers l'intérieur. 6) Heating cable according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the profile is in the form of an inverted U, the ends of the legs (5, 6) of the U being slightly pinched inwards. 7) Câble chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites extrémités sont, après avoir été pincées vers l'intérieur, pliées vers l'extérieur. 7) Heating cable according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said ends are, after being pinched inwards, folded outwards. 8) Câble chauffant suivant la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités sont prolongées horizontalement.  8) Heating cable according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the ends are extended horizontally.
FR8903799A 1989-03-17 1989-03-17 HEATING CABLE, PARTICULARLY FOR DIRECT RADIANT HEATING Expired - Lifetime FR2644660B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903799A FR2644660B1 (en) 1989-03-17 1989-03-17 HEATING CABLE, PARTICULARLY FOR DIRECT RADIANT HEATING

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903799A FR2644660B1 (en) 1989-03-17 1989-03-17 HEATING CABLE, PARTICULARLY FOR DIRECT RADIANT HEATING

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FR2644660A1 true FR2644660A1 (en) 1990-09-21
FR2644660B1 FR2644660B1 (en) 1991-05-24

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2800560A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-04 Nortene Sa Under floor electric heating comprises support with lozenge-shaped mesh, and series of electric heating elements, under floor heating structure being also able to stretch up to 400% for covering floor
WO2007110229A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-04 Al Bernstein Electrical heating cell conductor and its use
EP2050310A1 (en) * 2006-04-17 2009-04-22 Solco Biomedical Co., Ltd. Method for bending the self-regulating cable and heating mat for protecting over-heating

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB877054A (en) * 1957-12-24 1961-09-13 Panelec Great Britain Ltd Improvements relating to electric heating installations
CH474935A (en) * 1967-09-19 1969-06-30 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Heating mat for electrical surface heating and process for its manufacture
FR2196889A1 (en) * 1972-08-22 1974-03-22 Haupt Wilhelm
FR2225265A1 (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore
FR2272580A7 (en) * 1974-05-22 1975-12-19 Hunlas Bv Building wall cladding assembly - has electric heating cable in profiled beam running lengthwise between panel and support
FR2279299A2 (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-02-13 Deleage & Fils Ets Flexible heating element - has meandering semi rigid heating cable on flexible support strips
DE2445719A1 (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-04-08 Froetherm Gmbh Electrical heating of surfaces - using heating elements mounted in profile sections embedded in insulating mouldings
DE2910612A1 (en) * 1979-03-17 1980-09-18 Noke Waermebau Gmbh & Co Kg Surface heater pipe-laying equipment - comprises flat components assembled into rigid grid and with pipe clips
US4278876A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-07-14 Savoca Paul F Thermostatically controlled heater
EP0225835A1 (en) * 1985-10-22 1987-06-16 Société DELEAGE SA Electrical heating cable

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB877054A (en) * 1957-12-24 1961-09-13 Panelec Great Britain Ltd Improvements relating to electric heating installations
CH474935A (en) * 1967-09-19 1969-06-30 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Heating mat for electrical surface heating and process for its manufacture
FR2196889A1 (en) * 1972-08-22 1974-03-22 Haupt Wilhelm
FR2225265A1 (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore
FR2272580A7 (en) * 1974-05-22 1975-12-19 Hunlas Bv Building wall cladding assembly - has electric heating cable in profiled beam running lengthwise between panel and support
FR2279299A2 (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-02-13 Deleage & Fils Ets Flexible heating element - has meandering semi rigid heating cable on flexible support strips
DE2445719A1 (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-04-08 Froetherm Gmbh Electrical heating of surfaces - using heating elements mounted in profile sections embedded in insulating mouldings
DE2910612A1 (en) * 1979-03-17 1980-09-18 Noke Waermebau Gmbh & Co Kg Surface heater pipe-laying equipment - comprises flat components assembled into rigid grid and with pipe clips
US4278876A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-07-14 Savoca Paul F Thermostatically controlled heater
EP0225835A1 (en) * 1985-10-22 1987-06-16 Société DELEAGE SA Electrical heating cable

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2800560A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-04 Nortene Sa Under floor electric heating comprises support with lozenge-shaped mesh, and series of electric heating elements, under floor heating structure being also able to stretch up to 400% for covering floor
WO2007110229A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-04 Al Bernstein Electrical heating cell conductor and its use
EP2050310A1 (en) * 2006-04-17 2009-04-22 Solco Biomedical Co., Ltd. Method for bending the self-regulating cable and heating mat for protecting over-heating
EP2050310A4 (en) * 2006-04-17 2011-04-06 Solco Biomedical Co Ltd Method for bending the self-regulating cable and heating mat for protecting over-heating

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Publication number Publication date
FR2644660B1 (en) 1991-05-24

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