EP1627696B1 - Device and method for heating extrusion dies before mounting them into an extrusion apparatus - Google Patents

Device and method for heating extrusion dies before mounting them into an extrusion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1627696B1
EP1627696B1 EP05015970A EP05015970A EP1627696B1 EP 1627696 B1 EP1627696 B1 EP 1627696B1 EP 05015970 A EP05015970 A EP 05015970A EP 05015970 A EP05015970 A EP 05015970A EP 1627696 B1 EP1627696 B1 EP 1627696B1
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heating
dies
temperature
heated
fluid
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1627696A1 (en
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Rolf-Josef Schwartz
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heating extruding tools prior to installation in an extruder, in which the tools are heated to a predetermined temperature and held on this.
  • the invention further relates to a method for heating extrusion dies prior to installation in an extruder.
  • the device and the method are particularly suitable for heating and keeping warm steel tools for extruding aluminum, non-ferrous metal and similar alloys.
  • the required temperature of the tools is in the range of 400 ° C to 550 ° C.
  • the heating of the tools should be as uniform and fast as possible, so that the thermal distortion, the oxidation and the stain remain as low as possible and the tool can be provided quickly.
  • the tools are usually round elements with filigree openings, which consist of high-strength steel and several consecutively connected plates.
  • the heating of the tools to a predetermined temperature is conventionally carried out with the aid of a radiation or convection oven.
  • This chamber or chest oven are used, in each of which one or more tools are.
  • the heating of the furnaces is usually done with electrical resistors, by gas flames or by a combination of these heaters.
  • the heating of the tools takes place only slowly, since the heat transfer coefficient is comparatively low.
  • radiant heating the problem of overheating filigree elements of the tool often arises because radiant heaters have a typical temperature of about 800 ° C. and thus produce undesirable temperature gradients in the tool.
  • the technique of magnetic field heating is used, which also has the disadvantage of difficult temperature distribution.
  • the magnetic field heating does not allow the use of protective or reaction gas and the technology requires high acquisition costs. In multiple tool ovens, it often happens that cold tools are used in addition to warmed-up and then cool these inadmissibly on filigree elements. This can lead to tool breakage during pressing, which also causes high costs.
  • a furnace for the uniform heating of metallic material has a pressure channel system delimiting the furnace interior.
  • the pressure channel system opens at the bottom of the furnace below the transport plane of the material to be heated in nozzle boxes with nozzles directed into the furnace interior.
  • On the furnace ceiling fans are arranged, which lead a heated by heaters fluid via the nozzles on the surface of the material to be heated, the warming material is acted on one side from below with the heated fluid.
  • the fluid flows from below to the top of the furnace chamber and is sucked in there by the fans to flow out again after the heating of the nozzles of the nozzle boxes.
  • EP 0 529 198 A2 describes a controlled atmosphere furnace which is particularly suitable for heating extrusion molds for aluminum or alloys thereof.
  • the oven has a plurality of chambers, in each of which a mold to be heated can be introduced.
  • the heating was accomplished by electrical resistances, and preferably in an atmosphere devoid of oxygen, to prevent oxidation of the mold surfaces.
  • Each chamber can be opened in a drawer, so that the removal of a workpiece does not affect the condition in the other chambers.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for heating and keeping warm tools for the extrusion of materials, which avoids the disadvantages of known ovens.
  • the device should realize a high heat transfer coefficient, allow a uniform heating of the tools and thereby take up little space.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide a method for heating tools for extruding materials, in which the materials are heated as quickly and uniformly, the process requires little energy and the chemical properties of the tool steel are as little as possible negatively changed ,
  • the device according to the invention for heating extruding tools prior to installation in an extruder, in which the tools are heated to a predetermined temperature and held on this comprises a gas-tight and heat-insulated furnace housing, which at least one loading and unloading opening with a furnace lid having. Within the furnace housing, a baffle nozzle field is arranged, in the region of which a tool can be introduced. The apparatus is further provided with at least one heater which heats a fluid flowing through the openings of the baffle pad.
  • the device is preferably operated with protective or reaction gas. This gas atmosphere inside the system is intended to protect against oxidation or other undesirable chemical influences. For example, it prevents the degradation of the nitriding layer.
  • the device has at least one fan for circulating the fluid through the heating device and the baffle nozzle field.
  • the fans can accelerate the fluid used, for example, to nozzle exit speeds of about 20-100 m / s.
  • the supply of the fluid to the tools takes place in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention by means of nozzles, by the flow direction and - speed of the fluid can be designed so that when hitting the tool a maximum heat transfer performance is realized.
  • the impact rays preferably impinge on the tools perpendicularly or at an angle of 80 ° to 100 ° to the surface.
  • the heater can be heated in various ways. It has proven to be useful to heat the blast furnace directly or indirectly. This can be done for example with electrical resistance elements or with the help of one or more fuel-operated burner. It has proved to be useful that the baffle pad thermostatically preserved at a temperature is, which is above the predetermined heating temperature of the tools.
  • the temperature of the fluid is for example about 10 to 100 ° C above the predetermined heating temperature of the tools.
  • the invention further includes a method of heating extrusion dies prior to installation in the extrusion press, wherein the dies are heated to and maintained at a predetermined temperature.
  • the tools are introduced into a device which has a baffle pad in which the tools are heated at least to the predetermined temperature. After heating, the tool is placed in a press.
  • the fluid used is preferably heated by heaters and flows through one or more fans through nozzle openings on one or more tools.
  • in each case only one tool is introduced into the device, heated therein and kept at a predetermined temperature.
  • the invention turns away from single or multi-tool ovens with convection or radiation heating and instead uses a nozzle array with impact jets, which brings very good conditions for the relevant temperature range.
  • a blast furnace brings various advantages.
  • the impact radiation heating is not critical with respect to excess temperatures with the consequence of large temperature gradients.
  • the heating with impact rays is easy to carry out and has been tested in their handling. In addition, it represents a cost-effective heating technique.
  • the most important advantage of a blast furnace is the very good and even heat transfer between the nozzle field and tool, which is realized by the highly turbulent contact between the tool surface and impact fluid. Heat transfer rates of up to 150 W / m 2 h can be achieved with this type of heating compared to about 50 W / m 2 h in normal convection or radiation.
  • the device according to the invention is designed as a chest oven, in which in each case only one extrusion die is introduced, the dimensions can be kept small. Furthermore, the heating of the tools is not affected by cold tools in the vicinity of already heated tools. Even chemical changes during the sometimes very long holding phases of a tool in a heating furnace can be largely avoided by the inventive design of a device with a baffle pad.
  • FIG. 1 In the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 is an oven hearth 10 with various structural features, in Fig. 1, the device is shown in a side cross-section, while Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the device.
  • the arrows represent the direction of flow of the fluid within the device.
  • the white arrows indicate the direction of flow within the pressure chamber of the device and the black arrows indicate the direction of flow of the fluid in the impact nozzle field.
  • the tools 90 to be heated in the apparatus are extrusion dies which often consist of several round steel plates with holes and engravings. Such a tool is shown by way of example in FIG. 1 as a round plate 90. Through such steel plates materials are pressed to obtain a specific profile. In addition to various plastics, aluminum, non-ferrous metals or similar alloys can also be pressed by a tool. However, other shaped tools can be heated for subsequent installation in a press.
  • the plant and the heating method are particularly suitable for heating extrusion tools, which consist of high-strength steels.
  • the furnace hearth 10 provides a gas-tight and heat-insulated furnace housing 50 into which the tools 90 can be introduced through one or more charging and removal openings 70.
  • the tools are subsequently heated in a baffle pad 20 to a predetermined temperature.
  • the baffle pad is shown by dashed lines.
  • the nozzles are located on two opposite sides of a pressure chamber 60 within the oven chamber 80th
  • the tool 90 introduced there is heated to the predetermined temperature, which, for example, amounts to 400 ° C. to 550 ° C. for some steels.
  • the furnace chamber 80 can be flooded with protective or reaction gas and rinsed. Once a tool 90 is needed, the operator removes it by opening the furnace lid 40 and feeds it directly into the press.
  • the nozzle array 20 consists primarily of a pressure chamber 60 and a furnace chamber 80 which is highly insulated and gas-tight to the outside.
  • the nozzle array 20 can be heated in various ways. The heating can be done, for example, electrically or with fuel.
  • the heating temperature of the nozzle array corresponds at least to the predetermined heating temperature of the tools, but it is preferably slightly higher than this. The actual required temperature must be determined empirically. Typical temperature differences are of the order of 10 to 100 ° C. At a treatment temperature of about 650 ° C, the nozzle field temperature is for example 20 ° C above the predetermined heating temperature of the tools.
  • the tools 90 located in the oven chamber 80 are continuously surrounded by fresh fluid, which is accelerated by means of one or more fans 100.
  • the fluid exits from a plurality of openings 110 and contacts the tool as a typical impact jet.
  • a very good heat transfer from the fluid to the tool is realized, so that in this way short heating times can be realized.
  • the required time is divided into three and halved the temperature band.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

The device (10) includes a gas-tight and thermally-insulated oven housing (50) comprising at least one feed and removal opening (70) with an oven lid (40). A deflector nozzle area (20) is arranged inside the oven housing. A tool can be placed in the deflector nozzle area. The device is provided with a heating device which warms a fluid that flows through the openings in the deflector nozzle area. An independent claim is included for a method of warming extruder tools.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung von Strangpresswerkzeugen vor dem Einbau in eine Strangpresse, in der die Werkzeuge auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt und auf dieser gehalten werden.The invention relates to a device for heating extruding tools prior to installation in an extruder, in which the tools are heated to a predetermined temperature and held on this.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Strangpresswerkzeugen vor dem Einbau in eine Strangpresse.The invention further relates to a method for heating extrusion dies prior to installation in an extruder.

Die Vorrichtung und das Verfahren eignen sich insbesondere zur Erwärmung und zum Warmhalten von Werkzeugen aus Stahl für das Strangpressen von Aluminium, Buntmetall und ähnliche Legierungen.The device and the method are particularly suitable for heating and keeping warm steel tools for extruding aluminum, non-ferrous metal and similar alloys.

Beim Strangpressen von Materialien zu Profilen ist es erforderlich, die dazu verwendeten Werkzeuge zuvor auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur zu erwärmen. Wird Aluminium mittels Strangpressen zu Profilen verarbeitet, wie es beispielsweise für Fensterprofile der Fall ist, liegt die erfoderliche Temperatur der Werkzeuge im Bereich von 400°C bis 550°C. Die Erwärmung der Werkzeuge sollte möglichst gleichmäßig und schnell erfolgen, damit der thermische Verzug, die Oxidation und die Abstickung möglichst gering bleiben und das Werkzeug schnell bereitgestellt werden kann. Bei den Werkzeugen handelt es sich in der Regel um Rundelemente mit filigranen Öffnungen, die aus höherfestem Stahl und aus mehreren hintereinander verbundenen Platten bestehen.When extruding materials into profiles, it is necessary to first heat the tools used to a given temperature. If aluminum is extruded into profiles, as is the case, for example, with window profiles, the required temperature of the tools is in the range of 400 ° C to 550 ° C. The heating of the tools should be as uniform and fast as possible, so that the thermal distortion, the oxidation and the stain remain as low as possible and the tool can be provided quickly. The tools are usually round elements with filigree openings, which consist of high-strength steel and several consecutively connected plates.

Die Erwärmung der Werkzeuge auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erfolgt herkömmlicherweise mit Hilfe eines Strahlungs- oder Konvektionsofens. Dabei kommen Kammer- oder Truhenofen zur Anwendung, in welchem sich jeweils ein oder mehrere Werkzeuge befinden. Die Beheizung der Öfen erfolgt in der Regel mit elektrischen Widerständen, durch Gasflammen oder durch eine Kombination dieser Heizeinrichtungen.The heating of the tools to a predetermined temperature is conventionally carried out with the aid of a radiation or convection oven. This chamber or chest oven are used, in each of which one or more tools are. The heating of the furnaces is usually done with electrical resistors, by gas flames or by a combination of these heaters.

Diese herkömmlichen Erwärmungsverfahren sind mit spezifischen Nachteilen behaftet. Das Erwärmen der Werkzeuge mit Hilfe eines Strahlungs- oder Konvektionsofens führt durch die bei dieser Temperatur physikalisch bedingten niedrigen erreichbaren Wärmeübergangszahlen zu relativ langen Aufheizzeiten. Ferner sind große Öfen erforderlich, welche wiederum zu einem großen Flächenbedarf und zu hohen Leerverlusten führen, da die Ofenwandverluste proportional zur Oberfläche sind. Darüber hinaus wird eine große Innenfläche des Ofens auf Erwärmungstemperatur erwärmt, die nach Einstellen des Betriebes wieder abkühlt, ohne dass diese Wärme wiedergewonnen werden kann.These conventional heating methods have specific disadvantages. The heating of the tools with the aid of a radiation or convection oven leads to relatively long heating times due to the physically low heat transfer coefficients that can be achieved at this temperature. Furthermore, large furnaces are required, which in turn lead to a large space requirement and high empty losses, since the furnace wall losses are proportional to the surface. In addition, a large inner surface of the furnace is heated to heating temperature, which cools down after the operation is stopped, without this heat can be recovered.

In den genannten Öfen erfolgt die Erwärmung der Werkzeuge zudem nur langsam, da der Wärmeübertragungskoeffizient vergleichsweise gering ist. Bei einer Strahlungsheizung entsteht oftmals das Problem der Überhitzung filigraner Elemente des Werkzeugs, da Heizstrahler eine typische Temperatur von etwa 800°C haben und dadurch unerwünschte Temperaturgradienten im Werkzeug erzeugen. Vielfach wird auch die Technik der Magnetfelderwärmung benutzt, die gleichfalls den Nachteil der schwierigen Temperaturverteilung aufweist. Ferner ermöglicht die Magnetfelderwärmung nicht den Einsatz von Schutz- oder Reaktionsgas und die Technik bedingt hohe Anschaffungskosten. In Mehrfach-Werkzeugöfen kommt es häufig ferner vor, dass kalte Werkzeuge neben durchwärmte eingesetzt werden und diese dann an filigranen Elementen unzulässig abkühlen. Dies kann zum Werkzeugbruch beim Anpressen führen, was ebenfalls hohe Kosten verursacht.Moreover, in the furnaces mentioned, the heating of the tools takes place only slowly, since the heat transfer coefficient is comparatively low. In the case of radiant heating, the problem of overheating filigree elements of the tool often arises because radiant heaters have a typical temperature of about 800 ° C. and thus produce undesirable temperature gradients in the tool. In many cases, the technique of magnetic field heating is used, which also has the disadvantage of difficult temperature distribution. Furthermore, the magnetic field heating does not allow the use of protective or reaction gas and the technology requires high acquisition costs. In multiple tool ovens, it often happens that cold tools are used in addition to warmed-up and then cool these inadmissibly on filigree elements. This can lead to tool breakage during pressing, which also causes high costs.

In der DE 91 06 439 U1, welche die Basis für den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bildet, ist ein Ofen zum gleichmäßigen Erwärmen von metallischem Gut offenbart. Der Ofen weist ein den Ofeninnenraum begrenzendes Druckkanalsystem auf. Das Druckkanalsystem mündet an der Ofenunterseite unterhalb der Transportebene des Erwärmungsgutes in Düsenkästen mit in den Ofeninnenraum gerichteten Düsen. An der Ofendecke sind Lüfter angeordnet, die ein von Heizeinrichtungen aufgeheiztes Fluid über die Düsen auf die Oberfläche des Erwärmungsgutes führen, Das Erwärmungsgut wird einseitig von unten mit dem erwärmten Fluid beaufschlagt. Das Fluid strömt von unten zur Oberseite der Ofenkammer und wird dort von den Lüftern angesaugt, um nach dessen Erwärmung wieder aus den Düsen der Düsenkästen auszuströmen.In DE 91 06 439 U1, which forms the basis for the preamble of claim 1, a furnace for the uniform heating of metallic material is disclosed. The furnace has a pressure channel system delimiting the furnace interior. The pressure channel system opens at the bottom of the furnace below the transport plane of the material to be heated in nozzle boxes with nozzles directed into the furnace interior. On the furnace ceiling fans are arranged, which lead a heated by heaters fluid via the nozzles on the surface of the material to be heated, the warming material is acted on one side from below with the heated fluid. The fluid flows from below to the top of the furnace chamber and is sucked in there by the fans to flow out again after the heating of the nozzles of the nozzle boxes.

Die EP 0 529 198 A2 beschreibt einen Ofen mit kontrollierter Atmosphäre, der insbesondere zur Erwärmung von Extrusionsformen für Aluminium oder Legierungen davon geeignet ist. Der Ofen weist mehrere Kammern auf, in welche jeweils eine zu erwärmende Form eingebracht werden kann. Die Erwärmung erfolgte durch elektrische Widerstände und vorzugsweise in einer Atmosphäre, die frei von Sauerstoff ist, um die Oxidation der Formoberflächen zu verhindern. Jede Kammer kann schubladenartig geöffnet werden, so dass durch die Entnahme eines Werkstücks der Zustand in den anderen Kammern nicht beeinflusst wird.EP 0 529 198 A2 describes a controlled atmosphere furnace which is particularly suitable for heating extrusion molds for aluminum or alloys thereof. The oven has a plurality of chambers, in each of which a mold to be heated can be introduced. The heating was accomplished by electrical resistances, and preferably in an atmosphere devoid of oxygen, to prevent oxidation of the mold surfaces. Each chamber can be opened in a drawer, so that the removal of a workpiece does not affect the condition in the other chambers.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung und zum Warmhalten von Werkzeugen für das Strangpressen von Materialien bereitzustellen, das die Nachteile bekannter Öfen vermeidet. Insbesondere soll die Vorrichtung einen hohen Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten realisieren, eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung der Werkzeuge ermöglichen und dabei wenig Platz beanspruchen.The object of the invention is to provide a device for heating and keeping warm tools for the extrusion of materials, which avoids the disadvantages of known ovens. In particular, the device should realize a high heat transfer coefficient, allow a uniform heating of the tools and thereby take up little space.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ferner, ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Werkzeugen für das Strangpressen von Materialien bereitzustellen, bei dem die Materialien möglichst schnell und gleichmäßig aufgeheizt werden, wobei das Verfahren wenig Energie benötigt und die chemischen Eigenschaften des Werkzeugstahls so wenig wie möglich negativ verändert werden.The object of the invention is also to provide a method for heating tools for extruding materials, in which the materials are heated as quickly and uniformly, the process requires little energy and the chemical properties of the tool steel are as little as possible negatively changed ,

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 6 und 8 bis 12.According to the invention the object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 7. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 12th

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung von Strangpresswerkzeugen vor dem Einbau in eine Strangpresse, in der die Werkzeuge auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt und auf dieser gehalten werden, umfasst ein gasdichtes und wärmeisoliertes Ofengehäuse, welches wenigstens eine Beschickungs- und Entnahmeöffnung mit einem Ofendeckel aufweist. Innerhalb des Ofengehäuses ist ein Pralldüsenfeld angeordnet, in dessen Bereich ein Werkzeug einbringbar ist. Die Vorrichtung ist ferner mit wenigstens einer Heizeinrichtung versehen, welche ein Fluid erwärmt, dass durch die Öffnungen des Pralldüsenfelds strömt. Die Vorrichtung wird vorzugsweise mit Schutz- oder Reaktionsgas betrieben. Diese Gasatmosphäre innerhalb der Anlage ist zum Schutz gegen Oxidation oder andere unerwünschte chemische Beeinflussungen vorgesehen. Beispielsweise verhindert sie den Abbau der Nitrierschicht.The device according to the invention for heating extruding tools prior to installation in an extruder, in which the tools are heated to a predetermined temperature and held on this, comprises a gas-tight and heat-insulated furnace housing, which at least one loading and unloading opening with a furnace lid having. Within the furnace housing, a baffle nozzle field is arranged, in the region of which a tool can be introduced. The apparatus is further provided with at least one heater which heats a fluid flowing through the openings of the baffle pad. The device is preferably operated with protective or reaction gas. This gas atmosphere inside the system is intended to protect against oxidation or other undesirable chemical influences. For example, it prevents the degradation of the nitriding layer.

In einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist die Vorrichtung wenigstens einen Ventilator zum Umwälzen des Fluides durch die Heizeinrichtung und das Pralldüsenfeld auf. Die Ventilatoren können das verwendete Fluid beispielsweise auf Düsenaustrittsgeschwindigkeiten von ca. 20-100 m/s beschleunigen. Die Zuführung des Fluides an die Werkzeuge erfolgt in einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung mittels Düsen, durch die sich Strömungsrichtung und - geschwindigkeit des Fluides so gestalten lassen, dass beim Auftreffen auf das Werkzeug eine maximale wärmeübertragungsleistung realisiert wird. Die Prallstrahlen treffen dabei vorzugsweise senkrecht oder in einem Winkel von 80° bis 100° zur Oberfläche auf die Werkzeuge auf.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the device has at least one fan for circulating the fluid through the heating device and the baffle nozzle field. The fans can accelerate the fluid used, for example, to nozzle exit speeds of about 20-100 m / s. The supply of the fluid to the tools takes place in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention by means of nozzles, by the flow direction and - speed of the fluid can be designed so that when hitting the tool a maximum heat transfer performance is realized. The impact rays preferably impinge on the tools perpendicularly or at an angle of 80 ° to 100 ° to the surface.

Die Heizeinrichtung kann auf verschiedene Arten beheizt werden. Es hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, den Prallstrahlenofen direkt oder indirekt zu beheizen. Dies kann beispielsweise mit elektrischen Widerstandselementen oder mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer mit Brennstoff betriebenen Brenner erfolgen. Es hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, dass das Pralldüsenfeld thermostatisch auf einer Temperatur haltbar ist, die oberhalb der vorgegebenen Erwärmungstemperatur der Werkzeuge liegt. Dabei liegt die Temperatur des Fluides beispielsweise etwa 10 bis 100°C oberhalb der vorgegebenen Erwärmungstemperatur der Werkzeuge.The heater can be heated in various ways. It has proven to be useful to heat the blast furnace directly or indirectly. This can be done for example with electrical resistance elements or with the help of one or more fuel-operated burner. It has proved to be useful that the baffle pad thermostatically preserved at a temperature is, which is above the predetermined heating temperature of the tools. The temperature of the fluid is for example about 10 to 100 ° C above the predetermined heating temperature of the tools.

Die Erfindung umfasst ferner ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Strangpresswerkzeugen vor dem Einbau in die Strangpresse, bei dem die Werkzeuge auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt und auf dieser gehalten werden. Dabei werden die Werkzeuge in eine Vorrichtung eingebracht, welche ein Pralldüsenfeld aufweist, in welchem die Werkzeuge mindestens auf die vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt werden. Nach der Erwärmung wird das Werkzeug in eine Presse eingebracht. Das verwendete Fluid wird vorzugsweise durch Heizeinrichtungen erwärmt und strömt mittels einer oder mehrerer Ventilatoren durch Düsenöffnungen auf ein oder mehrere Werkzeuge. In einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird jeweils nur ein Werkzeug in die Vorrichtung eingebracht, in dieser erwärmt und auf einer vorgegebenen Temperatur gehalten.The invention further includes a method of heating extrusion dies prior to installation in the extrusion press, wherein the dies are heated to and maintained at a predetermined temperature. The tools are introduced into a device which has a baffle pad in which the tools are heated at least to the predetermined temperature. After heating, the tool is placed in a press. The fluid used is preferably heated by heaters and flows through one or more fans through nozzle openings on one or more tools. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in each case only one tool is introduced into the device, heated therein and kept at a predetermined temperature.

Die Erfindung wendet sich ab von Ein- oder Mehrwerkzeugöfen mit Konvektions- oder Strahlungserwärmung und nutzt stattdessen ein Düsenfeld mit Prallstrahlen, das für den relevanten Temperaturbereich sehr gute Voraussetzungen mitbringt. Die Verwendung eines Prallstrahlenofens bringt verschiedene Vorteile mit sich. Beispielsweise ist die Pralletrahlenerwärmung unkritisch bezüglich Übertemperaturen mit der Folge zu großer Temperaturgradienten. Ferner ist die Erwärmung mit Prallstrahlen einfach durchführbar und ist in ihrer Handhabung erprobt. Darüber hinaus stellt sie eine kostengünstige Erwärmungstechnik dar.The invention turns away from single or multi-tool ovens with convection or radiation heating and instead uses a nozzle array with impact jets, which brings very good conditions for the relevant temperature range. The use of a blast furnace brings various advantages. For example, the impact radiation heating is not critical with respect to excess temperatures with the consequence of large temperature gradients. Furthermore, the heating with impact rays is easy to carry out and has been tested in their handling. In addition, it represents a cost-effective heating technique.

Der bedeutendste Vorteil eines Prallstrahlenofens liegt in dem sehr guten und gleichmäßigen Wärmeübergang zwischen Düsenfeld und Werkzeug, der durch den hochturbulenten Kontakt zwischen Werkzeugoberfläche und Prallfluid realisiert wird. Wärmeübergangszahlen von bis zu 150 W/m2h sind mit dieser Erwärmungsart gegenüber ca. 50 W/m2h bei normaler Konvektion oder Strahlung erreichbar.The most important advantage of a blast furnace is the very good and even heat transfer between the nozzle field and tool, which is realized by the highly turbulent contact between the tool surface and impact fluid. Heat transfer rates of up to 150 W / m 2 h can be achieved with this type of heating compared to about 50 W / m 2 h in normal convection or radiation.

Wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als Truhenofen ausgeführt, in welchen jeweils nur ein Strangpresswerkzeug eingebracht wird, können die Abmaße gering gehalten werden. Ferner wird die Erwärmung der Werkzeuge nicht durch kalte Werkzeuge in der Nähe bereits erwärmter Werkzeuge beeinflusst. Auch chemische Veränderungen während der gelegentlich sehr langen Haltephasen eines Werkzeuges in einem Erwärmungsofen können durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung einer Vorrichtung mit einem Pralldüsenfeld weitestgehend vermieden werden.If the device according to the invention is designed as a chest oven, in which in each case only one extrusion die is introduced, the dimensions can be kept small. Furthermore, the heating of the tools is not affected by cold tools in the vicinity of already heated tools. Even chemical changes during the sometimes very long holding phases of a tool in a heating furnace can be largely avoided by the inventive design of a device with a baffle pad.

Weitere Vorteile, Besonderheiten und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Darstellung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der Abbildungen.Further advantages, features and expedient developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings.

Von den Abbildungen zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung im Seitenschnitt; und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung in der Aufsicht:
From the pictures shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of the device according to the invention in side section; and
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the device according to the invention in the supervision:

Bei der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung handelt es sich um einen Ofenherd 10 mit verschiedenen baulichen Merkmalen, In Fig. 1 ist die Vorrichtung in einem Seitenquerschnitt dargestellt, währen die Fig. 2 eine Aufsicht auf die Vorrichtung wiedergibt. Die Pfeile stellen die Flussrichtung des Fluides innerhalb der Vorrichtung dar. Dabei bezeichnen die weißen Pfeile die Flussrichtung innerhalb des Druckraumes der Vorrichtung und die schwarzen Pfeile die Flussrichtung des Fluids im Pralldüsenfeld.In the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 is an oven hearth 10 with various structural features, in Fig. 1, the device is shown in a side cross-section, while Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the device. The arrows represent the direction of flow of the fluid within the device. The white arrows indicate the direction of flow within the pressure chamber of the device and the black arrows indicate the direction of flow of the fluid in the impact nozzle field.

Bei den in der Vorrichtung zu erwärmenden Werkzeugen 90 handelt es sich um Strangpresswerkzeuge, die oftmals aus mehreren runden Stahlplatten mit Löchern und Gravuren bestehen. Ein derartiges Werkzeug ist in Fig. 1 beispielhaft als runde Platte 90 dargestellt. Durch solche Stahlplatten werden Materialien gepresst, um ein bestimmtes Profil zu erhalten. Neben verschiedenen Kunststoffen können auch Aluminium, Buntmetalle oder ähnliche Legierungen durch ein Werkzeug gepresst werden. Es können jedoch auch anders geformte Werkzeuge für einen nachfolgenden Einbau in eine Presse erwärmt werden. Die Anlage und das Erwärmungsverfahren eignen sich insbesondere zur Erwärmung von Strangpresswerkzeugen, die aus höherfesten Stählen bestehen.The tools 90 to be heated in the apparatus are extrusion dies which often consist of several round steel plates with holes and engravings. Such a tool is shown by way of example in FIG. 1 as a round plate 90. Through such steel plates materials are pressed to obtain a specific profile. In addition to various plastics, aluminum, non-ferrous metals or similar alloys can also be pressed by a tool. However, other shaped tools can be heated for subsequent installation in a press. The plant and the heating method are particularly suitable for heating extrusion tools, which consist of high-strength steels.

Der Ofenherd 10 sieht ein gasdichtes und wärmeisoliertes Ofengehäuse 50 vor, in welches die Werkzeuge 90 durch eine oder mehrere Beschickungs- und Entnahmeöffnungen 70 einbringbar sind. Die Werkzeuge werden nachfolgend in einem Pralldüsenfeld 20 auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt. In der Fig. 1 ist das Pralldüsenfeld durch gestrichelte Linien dargestellt. Die Düsen befinden sich auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten eines Druckraumes 60 innerhalb des Ofenraumes 80.The furnace hearth 10 provides a gas-tight and heat-insulated furnace housing 50 into which the tools 90 can be introduced through one or more charging and removal openings 70. The tools are subsequently heated in a baffle pad 20 to a predetermined temperature. In Fig. 1, the baffle pad is shown by dashed lines. The nozzles are located on two opposite sides of a pressure chamber 60 within the oven chamber 80th

Nach einer vorgegebenen Verweilzeit in dem Düsenfeld 20 ist das dort eingebrachte Werkzeug 90 auf die vorgegebene Temperatur erwärmt, die beispielsweise für einige Stähle 400°C bis 550°C beträgt. Nach einem vorgegebenen Zeitablauf kann der Ofenraum 80 mit Schutz- oder Reaktionsgas geflutet und gespült werden. Sobald ein Werkzeug 90 benötigt wird, entnimmt der Werker dieses durch Öffnen des Ofendeckels 40 und führt es direkt in die Presse.After a predetermined residence time in the nozzle field 20, the tool 90 introduced there is heated to the predetermined temperature, which, for example, amounts to 400 ° C. to 550 ° C. for some steels. After a predetermined time interval, the furnace chamber 80 can be flooded with protective or reaction gas and rinsed. Once a tool 90 is needed, the operator removes it by opening the furnace lid 40 and feeds it directly into the press.

Das Düsenfeld 20 besteht in erster Linie aus einem Druckraum 60 und einem Ofenraum 80 der nach außen stark isoliert und gasdicht ausgeführt ist. Das Düsenfeld 20 kann auf verschiedene Weisen beheizt werden. Die Beheizung kann beispielsweise elektrisch oder mit Brennstoff erfolgen. Die Heiztemperatur des Düsenfeldes entspricht mindestens der vorgegebenen Erwärmungstemperatur der Werkzeuge, sie liegt jedoch vorzugsweise etwas höher als diese. Die tatsächlich erforderliche Temperatur muss empirisch ermittelt werden. Typische Temperaturunterschiede liegen in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 100°C. Bei einer Behandlungstemperatur von etwa 650°C liegt die Düsenfeldtemperatur beispielsweise 20°C über der vorgegebenen Erwärmungstemperatur der Werkzeuge.The nozzle array 20 consists primarily of a pressure chamber 60 and a furnace chamber 80 which is highly insulated and gas-tight to the outside. The nozzle array 20 can be heated in various ways. The heating can be done, for example, electrically or with fuel. The heating temperature of the nozzle array corresponds at least to the predetermined heating temperature of the tools, but it is preferably slightly higher than this. The actual required temperature must be determined empirically. Typical temperature differences are of the order of 10 to 100 ° C. At a treatment temperature of about 650 ° C, the nozzle field temperature is for example 20 ° C above the predetermined heating temperature of the tools.

Die im Ofenraum 80 befindlichen Werkzeuge 90 werden fortlaufend von frischem Fluid umspült, das mittels einer oder mehrerer Ventilatoren 100 beschleunigt wird. Das Fluid tritt dabei aus mehreren Öffnungen 110 aus und berührt das Werkzeug als ein typischer Prallstrahl. Dadurch wird ein sehr guter Wärmeübergang von dem Fluid auf das Werkzeug realisiert, so dass auf diese Weise kurze Aufheizzeiten verwirklicht werden können. Gegenüber konventionellen Erwärmungsmethoden wird die erforderliche Zeit gedrittelt und das Temperaturband halbiert.The tools 90 located in the oven chamber 80 are continuously surrounded by fresh fluid, which is accelerated by means of one or more fans 100. The fluid exits from a plurality of openings 110 and contacts the tool as a typical impact jet. As a result, a very good heat transfer from the fluid to the tool is realized, so that in this way short heating times can be realized. Compared to conventional Heating methods, the required time is divided into three and halved the temperature band.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Ofenherdfurnace hearth
2020
PralldüsenfeldImpact nozzle field
3030
Ventilatorfan
4040
Ofendeckelfurnace cover
5050
Gasdichtes OfengehäuseGas-tight oven housing
6060
Druckraumpressure chamber
7070
Beschickungs- und EntnahmeöffnungLoading and unloading opening
8080
Ofenraumfurnace
9090
StrangpresswerkzeugExtrusion die
100100
Heizeinrichtungheater
110110
Düsenöffnungenorifices

Claims (12)

  1. A device for heating up extrusion dies prior to their installation in an extruder, whereby the dies are heated up to a prescribed temperature and kept at this temperature, whereas the device (10) comprises a gas-tight and thermally insulated oven housing (50) that has at least one charging and discharging opening (70) with an oven cover (40), and whereas inside the oven housing, there is an impact nozzle field (20) into which a die (90) can be placed, and whereas the device (10) is provided with a heating means (100) that heats up a fluid flowing through the openings (110) of the impact nozzle field (20), characterized in that the openings (110) of the impact nozzle field (20) are arranged on two opposite sides of the area into which a die (90) can be placed.
  2. The device according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one fan (30) is provided to circulate the fluid through the heating means (100) and through the impact nozzle field (20).
  3. The device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heating means (100) can be electrically heated.
  4. The device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heating means (100) can be heated by a fuel-operated burner.
  5. The device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a thermostat can be used to keep the impact nozzle field (20) at a temperature that lies above the prescribed heating temperature of the dies (90).
  6. The device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the device can be operated with inert gas or reaction gas.
  7. A method for heating up extrusion dies (90) prior to their installation in an extruder, whereby the method comprises the following steps:
    - placing the dies in a device which comprises an impact nozzle field, whereas the nozzle openings (110) of the impact nozzle field (20) are arranged on opposite sides of the area of the device into which the dies can be placed;
    - acting upon the dies with impact jets of heated fluid;
    - heating the dies up to a prescribed temperature; and
    - keeping the dies on the prescribed temperature.
  8. The method according to Claim 7, characterized in that only one die (90) at a time is placed into a device (10), where said die is heated up and kept at the prescribed temperature.
  9. The method according to one of Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the method is carried out in the device (10) in an inert-gas or reaction-gas atmosphere.
  10. The method according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the fluid is heated up by heating means (100) and then made to flow over one or more dies (90) through nozzle openings (110) by means of one or more fans (30).
  11. The device according to one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the temperature of the fluid is about 10°C to 100°C [18°F to 180°F] above the prescribed heating temperature of the dies (90).
  12. The method according to one or more of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that, after the dies (90) have been heated up, they are installed in an extruder.
EP05015970A 2004-08-05 2005-07-22 Device and method for heating extrusion dies before mounting them into an extrusion apparatus Not-in-force EP1627696B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004038247A DE102004038247B3 (en) 2004-08-05 2004-08-05 Apparatus and method for heating extrusion dies prior to installation in an extrusion press

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EP1627696A1 EP1627696A1 (en) 2006-02-22
EP1627696B1 true EP1627696B1 (en) 2007-05-02

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EP (1) EP1627696B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE361158T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004038247B3 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6095683B2 (en) * 2011-12-02 2017-03-15 エクスコ テクノロジーズ リミテッドＥｘｃｏ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ Extrusion mold preheating system, apparatus, and method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580973A (en) * 1984-07-09 1986-04-08 Ronald R. Yamada Kiln with improved heat distribution
IT1247439B (en) * 1991-04-30 1994-12-14 Co M P Es Spa PARTICULARLY CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE OVEN FOR THE PREHEATING OF ALUMINUM EXTRUSION DIES AND ITS ALLOYS
DE9106439U1 (en) * 1991-05-25 1991-07-18 Otto Junker Gmbh, 5107 Simmerath Furnace for uniform heating of metallic goods
DE4312627A1 (en) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-20 Hauzer Holding Method and device for heat treatment of objects
DE19627300A1 (en) * 1996-07-06 1998-01-08 Kramer Carl Convection oven to directly heat crucible

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DE102004038247B3 (en) 2006-05-11
DE502005000649D1 (en) 2007-06-14
EP1627696A1 (en) 2006-02-22
ATE361158T1 (en) 2007-05-15

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