EP1621780B1 - Hydraulic cylinder with stroke end damping - Google Patents

Hydraulic cylinder with stroke end damping Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1621780B1
EP1621780B1 EP05014290A EP05014290A EP1621780B1 EP 1621780 B1 EP1621780 B1 EP 1621780B1 EP 05014290 A EP05014290 A EP 05014290A EP 05014290 A EP05014290 A EP 05014290A EP 1621780 B1 EP1621780 B1 EP 1621780B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
ring
cylinder
pressure
valve opening
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP05014290A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1621780A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Acksen
Klaus Anklam
Christian Baerwolff
Gerald Strugg
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STILL GmbH
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STILL GmbH
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Publication of EP1621780A1 publication Critical patent/EP1621780A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressure cylinder with a cylinder tube, a piston and a pressure chamber for a pressure medium in the interior of the cylinder tube, and a device for cushioning an extension movement of the piston, wherein the device for cushioning forms a filled with pressure medium annular space in the radial direction through the Inside the cylinder tube and the outside of the piston and is limited in the axial direction by a plugged onto the piston ring and a cylinder head, wherein the annular space is connected during the cushioning of the stroke of the piston via at least one defined throttle opening with the pressure chamber of the pressure medium.
  • the pressure medium cylinder can be designed, for example, as a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic oil, water or a gas such as air in question as a pressure medium.
  • Hydraulic pressure cylinder with end position damping devices, with which an extension movement of the piston is decelerated before reaching an end stop, are used, for example, as lifting cylinders in masts of industrial trucks, such. Forklift trucks, stackers or Hochhubkommissionierem used.
  • Such a pressure medium cylinder is for example in the DE 297 07 639 U1 disclosed.
  • the cushioning of the extension movement of the piston is achieved by means of an annular space filled with pressure medium, which is connected via an opening with the pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder.
  • the volume of the annular space decreases, wherein the pressure medium present in the annular space flows through the opening.
  • the opening is covered by a cylinder head of the pressure cylinder and thereby sealed.
  • the hydraulic oil located in the annular space can then flow off in a further extension movement of the piston only through the defined throttle opening, whereby the movement of the piston is decelerated.
  • the device for end position damping of the prior art is relatively complex and requires a specially trained metallic piston, in which the throttle opening and a further valve opening are integrated.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a generic pressure cylinder available, which is simpler.
  • the throttle opening is formed by the plugged onto the piston ring, wherein the ring is formed of plastic. It can be used for the ring the same or a similar material, such as it is used for piston guides, piston seals or Kolbenabstreifer.
  • the plugged ring has one or more throttle openings through which hydraulic oil can flow from the annular space into the pressure chamber during the damping process.
  • the throttle openings are dimensioned so that a pressure builds up during the damping process in the annulus, which is significantly greater than the pressure in the pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder.
  • the throttle openings may be designed, for example, as holes or as grooves.
  • the ring In addition to the throttle function of the ring has the further task of guiding the piston in the cylinder tube, wherein the ring is in contact with the outer surface of the inner surface of the cylinder tube and with its inner side with the piston and thereby existing between the cylinder tube and the piston gap - Apart from the defined openings formed by the ring - seals.
  • the annular space is connected via at least one valve opening with the pressure chamber, wherein the valve opening is closed during an extension movement of the piston and is open during a retraction movement of the piston, and wherein the valve opening is formed by the plugged onto the piston ring.
  • the valve opening ensures that during a retraction movement of the piston pressure medium can flow unhindered into the annulus.
  • the valve opening is closed, however, so that during the damping process pressure medium can flow out of the annulus exclusively via the throttle openings.
  • this valve opening is formed by the plugged onto the piston ring, wherein the valve function is exerted by the ring.
  • the piston has a circumferentially extending groove in which the ring is arranged.
  • the ring arranged in the groove is movable relative to the piston.
  • the dimension of the groove is greater than the dimension of the ring in the corresponding direction. This allows a tilting, a displacement or any other change in the position of the groove arranged in the ring.
  • the valve function of the ring is realized in that the ring and the groove are formed such that in a position of the ring in which it is during a retraction movement of the piston, the valve opening between the annulus and the pressure chamber is released, and in that a position of the ring, in which it is during an extension movement of the piston, the valve opening is closed. Due to the mobility of the ring within the groove, the valve opening is thus opened or closed automatically depending on the direction of movement of the piston.
  • valve opening has at least one channel which connects the end faces of the ring with each other.
  • the channel may be formed, for example, by axially extending notches on the inner surface of the ring. This channel can then be flowed through by pressure medium and is connected on the one end face of the ring with the annulus and on the other end face of the ring with the pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder.
  • the throttle opening is open regardless of the position of the ring.
  • the throttle opening is formed by at least one bore in the ring.
  • the bore is arranged such that it connects regardless of the position of the ring within the groove at any time the annular space with the pressure chamber.
  • the ring is a guide element for guiding the piston in the cylinder tube. It can be dispensed with a separate guide element for the piston.
  • the pressure medium cylinder has a device for cushioning a retraction movement of the piston.
  • the invention can be implemented in pressure medium cylinders of various designs.
  • the pressure medium cylinder can be designed to be single-acting or double-acting as well as with a closed or hollow piston rod.
  • the inventive design of a telescopic cylinder wherein a cushioning of the extension movement can be provided for one or more pistons.
  • FIG. 1 shown pressure cylinder of the prior art has a cylinder tube 1, a welded to the cylinder tube 1 cylinder bottom 2 and a screwed onto the cylinder tube 1 cylinder head 3.
  • a piston 4 is arranged displaceably in the axial direction. In the illustrated position, the piston 4 is fully retracted.
  • the filled with pressure medium pressure chamber 5 of the pressure medium cylinder is located between the piston 4 and the cylinder bottom 2 and inside the hollow piston 4.
  • the cylinder head 3 is sealed relative to the piston 3 by means of a seal 6 and an additional scraper 7.
  • the piston 4 is guided by means of a piston guide 8 in the cylinder tube 1 and sealed by a piston seal 9.
  • the pressure medium displaced from the annular space 10 flows via the channel 12 and the throttle valve 13 into the pressure chamber 5.
  • the throttle valve 13 defines a throttle opening whose flow resistance leads to an increase in pressure in the annular space 10 and thereby slows the extension movement of the piston 4.
  • a retraction movement of the piston 4 in the opposite direction is not hindered, however, since the throttle valve 13 allows flow of pressure medium into the annular space 10 unhindered.
  • FIG. 2 An inventive pressure medium cylinder is in FIG. 2 shown.
  • the design of the pressure medium cylinder according to the invention corresponds to the pressure medium cylinder of the prior art. Basically designed differently, however, is the left in the drawing area of the piston 14, which is designed in one piece in the embodiment according to the invention and has a groove 15 for receiving a ring 16. The extension movement of the piston 14 to the right in the drawing is limited by stop 17, which is formed in this embodiment of a locking ring.
  • the ring 16 forms a throttle opening, through which the pressure medium present in the annular space 10 can flow off in a throttled manner when the opening 11 is covered by the cylinder head 3 shortly before the end of the extension movement of the piston 14.
  • the ring 16 forms a valve opening.
  • the valve opening allows during a retraction movement of the piston 14 according to the left in the drawing, an unhindered inflow of pressure medium in the annular space 10, but is closed during an extension movement of the piston 14, so that during a Extension movement of the piston 14 only the throttle opening is opened.
  • the valve function of the ring 16 is made possible by an axial displaceability of the ring 16 within the groove 15.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 A possible embodiment of the ring 16 and its operation is in the FIGS. 3 and 4 shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows FIG. 3 the pressure fluid cylinder during an extension movement of the piston 14 according to the right in the drawing (arrow v). It can be seen that the opening 10 in the piston 14 is covered by the cylinder head 3 and thus closed, whereby the end position damping of the piston 14 is active.
  • the ring 16 is rich on the left side surface of the groove 15, so that only the connection between the annulus 10 and the pressure chamber 5 in the ring provided as a bore throttle opening 18 is available.
  • FIG. 4 shows the function of the ring 16 during a retraction movement of the piston 14 to the left in the drawing (arrow v).
  • the ring is moved to the right side of the groove 15 in the drawing.
  • end face of the ring 16 grooves are provided which form the valve opening 19 of the ring 16. Through this valve opening 19, pressure medium can flow unhindered into the annular space 10.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates how the pressure fluid cylinder according to the invention can be converted without constructive changes to the piston 14, the cylinder tube 1, the cylinder base 2 or the cylinder head 3 in a pressure medium cylinder without cushioning.
  • a conventional piston guide ring 20 is inserted into the groove 15, which corresponds to the width of the groove 15 and is thus fixed in the groove 15 is not displaceable.
  • the piston guide ring 20 has openings or channels, not shown, through which pressure medium can freely flow from the pressure chamber 5 into the annular space 10 or can flow out of the annular space 10.

Abstract

The hydraulic cylinder (1), with a piston (14) and a pressure zone (5) for the hydraulic medium, has a ring zone (10) filled with hydraulic medium as a damper radially between the inner side of the cylinder and the outer side of the piston and axially between a ring (16) attached to the piston and a piston head (3). For movement damping at the end of the piston stroke, the ring zone is connected to the pressure zone through at least one throttle opening (18) formed by the attached ring. At least one valve opening in the connection is closed when the piston is advanced and open when the piston is retracted. The reverse movement of the piston is also damped at the end stage.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckmittelzylinder mit einem Zylinderrohr, einem Kolben und einem Druckraum für ein Druckmedium im Inneren des Zylinderrohrs, sowie einer Vorrichtung zur Endlagendämpfung einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens, wobei die Vorrichtung zur Endlagendämpfung einen mit Druckmedium gefüllten Ringraum bildet, der in radialer Richtung durch die Innenseite des Zylinderrohrs und die Außenseite des Kolbens und in axialer Richtung durch einen auf den Kolben aufgesteckten Ring und einen Zylinderkopf begrenzt ist, wobei der Ringraum während der Endlagendämpfung der Hubbewegung des Kolbens über mindestens eine definierte Drosselöffnung mit dem Druckraum des Druckmediums verbunden ist.The invention relates to a pressure cylinder with a cylinder tube, a piston and a pressure chamber for a pressure medium in the interior of the cylinder tube, and a device for cushioning an extension movement of the piston, wherein the device for cushioning forms a filled with pressure medium annular space in the radial direction through the Inside the cylinder tube and the outside of the piston and is limited in the axial direction by a plugged onto the piston ring and a cylinder head, wherein the annular space is connected during the cushioning of the stroke of the piston via at least one defined throttle opening with the pressure chamber of the pressure medium.

Der Druckmittelzylinder kann beispielsweise als Hydraulikzylinder oder Pneumatikzylinder ausgeführt sein, wobei als Druckmedium Hydrauliköl, Wasser oder ein Gas wie beispielsweise Luft in Frage kommt. Hydraulische Druckmittelzylinder mit Vorrichtungen zur Endlagendämpfung, mit der eine Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens vor Erreichen eines Endanschlags abgebremst wird, werden beispielsweise als Hubzylinder in Hubgerüsten von Flurförderzeugen, wie z.B. Gabelstaplern, Hochhubwagen oder Hochhubkommissionierem eingesetzt.The pressure medium cylinder can be designed, for example, as a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic oil, water or a gas such as air in question as a pressure medium. Hydraulic pressure cylinder with end position damping devices, with which an extension movement of the piston is decelerated before reaching an end stop, are used, for example, as lifting cylinders in masts of industrial trucks, such. Forklift trucks, stackers or Hochhubkommissionierem used.

Ein derartiger Druckmittelzylinder ist beispielsweise in der DE 297 07 639 U1 offenbart. Die Endlagendämpfung der Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens wird dabei mittels eines mit Druckmedium gefüllten Ringraums erreicht, der über eine Öffnung mit dem Druckraum des Druckmittelzylinders verbunden ist. Bei einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens verkleinert sich das Volumen des Ringraums, wobei das in dem Ringraum vorhandene Druckmedium durch die Öffnung abströmt. Kurz vor Erreichen der ausgefahrenen Endstellung des Kolbens wird die Öffnung von einem Zylinderkopf des Druckmittelzylinders verdeckt und dadurch verschlossen. Das in dem Ringraum befindliche Hydrauliköl kann dann bei einer weiteren Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens nur noch durch die definierte Drosselöffnung abfließen, wodurch die Bewegung des Kolbens abgebremst wird.Such a pressure medium cylinder is for example in the DE 297 07 639 U1 disclosed. The cushioning of the extension movement of the piston is achieved by means of an annular space filled with pressure medium, which is connected via an opening with the pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder. During an extension movement of the piston, the volume of the annular space decreases, wherein the pressure medium present in the annular space flows through the opening. Shortly before reaching the extended end position of the piston, the opening is covered by a cylinder head of the pressure cylinder and thereby sealed. The hydraulic oil located in the annular space can then flow off in a further extension movement of the piston only through the defined throttle opening, whereby the movement of the piston is decelerated.

Die Vorrichtung zur Endlagendämpfung des Standes der Technik ist relativ aufwändig aufgebaut und erfordert einen speziell ausgebildeten metallischen Kolben, in den die Drosselöffnung und eine weitere Ventilöffnung integriert sind.The device for end position damping of the prior art is relatively complex and requires a specially trained metallic piston, in which the throttle opening and a further valve opening are integrated.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Druckmittelzylinder zur Verfügung zu stellen, der einfacher aufgebaut ist.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a generic pressure cylinder available, which is simpler.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Drosselöffnung von dem auf den Kolben aufgesteckten Ring gebildet ist, wobei der Ring aus Kunststoff ausgebildet ist. Es kann für den Ring dasselbe oder ein ähnliches Material verwendet werden, wie es beispielsweise für Kolbenführungen, Kolbendichtungen oder Kolbenabstreifer Verwendung findet. Der aufgesteckte Ring weist eine oder mehrere Drosselöffnungen auf, durch die während des Dämpfungsvorgangs Hydrauliköl von dem Ringraum in den Druckraum abströmen kann. Die Drosselöffnungen sind so bemessen, dass sich während des Dämpfungsvorgangs in dem Ringraum ein Druck aufbaut, der deutlich größer ist als der Druck im Druckraum des Druckmittelzylinders. Die Drosselöffnungen können beispielsweise als Bohrungen oder als Nuten ausgeführt sein. Neben der Drosselfunktion hat der Ring die weitere Aufgabe, den Kolben in dem Zylinderrohr zu führen, wobei der Ring mit seiner Außenseite mit der Innenfläche des Zylinderrohrs und mit seiner Innenseite mit dem Kolben in Kontakt steht und dabei den zwischen dem Zylinderrohr und dem Kolben vorhandenen Spalt - abgesehen von den von dem Ring gebildeten definierten Öffnungen - abdichtet.This object is achieved in that the throttle opening is formed by the plugged onto the piston ring, wherein the ring is formed of plastic. It can be used for the ring the same or a similar material, such as it is used for piston guides, piston seals or Kolbenabstreifer. The plugged ring has one or more throttle openings through which hydraulic oil can flow from the annular space into the pressure chamber during the damping process. The throttle openings are dimensioned so that a pressure builds up during the damping process in the annulus, which is significantly greater than the pressure in the pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder. The throttle openings may be designed, for example, as holes or as grooves. In addition to the throttle function of the ring has the further task of guiding the piston in the cylinder tube, wherein the ring is in contact with the outer surface of the inner surface of the cylinder tube and with its inner side with the piston and thereby existing between the cylinder tube and the piston gap - Apart from the defined openings formed by the ring - seals.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Ringraum über mindestens eine Ventilöffnung mit dem Druckraum verbunden, wobei die Ventilöffnung während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens geschlossen ist und während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens geöffnet ist, und wobei die Ventilöffnung von dem auf den Kolben aufgesteckten Ring gebildet ist. Die Ventilöffnung gewährleistet, dass während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens Druckmedium ungehindert in den Ringraum einströmen kann. Während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens ist die Ventilöffnung hingegen geschlossen, sodass während des Dämpfungsvorgangs Druckmedium ausschließlich über die Drosselöffnungen aus dem Ringraum abströmen kann. Erfindungsgemäß ist diese Ventilöffnung von dem auf den Kolben aufgesteckten Ring gebildet, wobei auch die Ventilfunktion von dem Ring ausgeübt wird.According to one embodiment of the invention, the annular space is connected via at least one valve opening with the pressure chamber, wherein the valve opening is closed during an extension movement of the piston and is open during a retraction movement of the piston, and wherein the valve opening is formed by the plugged onto the piston ring. The valve opening ensures that during a retraction movement of the piston pressure medium can flow unhindered into the annulus. During an extension movement of the piston, the valve opening is closed, however, so that during the damping process pressure medium can flow out of the annulus exclusively via the throttle openings. According to the invention, this valve opening is formed by the plugged onto the piston ring, wherein the valve function is exerted by the ring.

Zweckmäßigerweise weist der Kolben eine in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende Nut auf, in welcher der Ring angeordnet ist.Conveniently, the piston has a circumferentially extending groove in which the ring is arranged.

Besondere Vorteile ergeben sich hierbei, wenn der in der Nut angeordnete Ring relativ zu dem Kolben bewegbar ist. Die Abmessung der Nut ist dabei größer als die Abmessung des Rings in entsprechender Richtung. Dies ermöglicht ein Verkippen, ein Verschieben oder eine beliebige andere Lageänderung des in der Nut angeordneten Rings.Particular advantages arise here, if the ring arranged in the groove is movable relative to the piston. The dimension of the groove is greater than the dimension of the ring in the corresponding direction. This allows a tilting, a displacement or any other change in the position of the groove arranged in the ring.

Die Ventilfunktion des Rings wird dadurch realisiert, dass der Ring und die Nut derart geformt sind, dass in einer Position des Rings, in der er sich während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens befindet, die Ventilöffnung zwischen dem Ringraum und dem Druckraum freigegeben ist, und dass in einer Position des Rings, in der er sich während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens befindet, die Ventilöffnung verschlossen ist. Durch die Bewegbarkeit des Rings innerhalb der Nut wird die Ventilöffnung also in Abhängigkeit von der Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens automatisch geöffnet oder verschlossen.The valve function of the ring is realized in that the ring and the groove are formed such that in a position of the ring in which it is during a retraction movement of the piston, the valve opening between the annulus and the pressure chamber is released, and in that a position of the ring, in which it is during an extension movement of the piston, the valve opening is closed. Due to the mobility of the ring within the groove, the valve opening is thus opened or closed automatically depending on the direction of movement of the piston.

Darüber hinaus weist die Ventilöffnung mindestens einen Kanal auf, der die Stirnflächen des Rings miteinander verbindet. Der Kanal kann beispielsweise von axial verlaufenden Kerben an der Innenfläche des Rings gebildet sein. Dieser Kanal kann dann von Druckmedium durchströmt werden und ist auf der einen Stirnseite des Rings mit dem Ringraum und auf der anderen Stirnseite des Rings mit dem Druckraum des Druckmittelzylinders verbunden.In addition, the valve opening has at least one channel which connects the end faces of the ring with each other. The channel may be formed, for example, by axially extending notches on the inner surface of the ring. This channel can then be flowed through by pressure medium and is connected on the one end face of the ring with the annulus and on the other end face of the ring with the pressure chamber of the pressure cylinder.

Die Drosselöffnung hingegen ist unabhängig von der Position des Rings geöffnet.The throttle opening, however, is open regardless of the position of the ring.

Vorzugsweise ist die Drosselöffnung von mindestens einer Bohrung im Ring gebildet. Die Bohrung ist dabei derart angeordnet, dass sie unabhängig von der Position des Rings innerhalb der Nut jederzeit den Ringraum mit dem Druckraum verbindet.Preferably, the throttle opening is formed by at least one bore in the ring. The bore is arranged such that it connects regardless of the position of the ring within the groove at any time the annular space with the pressure chamber.

Weiter stellt der Ring ein Führungselement zum Führen des Kolbens in dem Zylinderrohr dar. Auf ein separates Führungselement für den Kolben kann damit verzichtet werden.Next, the ring is a guide element for guiding the piston in the cylinder tube. It can be dispensed with a separate guide element for the piston.

Gemäß einer zweckmäßigen Weiterbildung weist der Druckmittelzylinder eine Vorrichtung zur Endlagendämpfung einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens auf.According to an expedient development, the pressure medium cylinder has a device for cushioning a retraction movement of the piston.

Die Erfindung kann in Druckmittelzylindern unterschiedlichster Ausführung realisiert werden. Insbesondere kann der Druckmittelzylinder einfachwirkend oder doppeltwirkend sowie mit geschlossener oder hohler Kolbenstange ausgeführt sein. Möglich ist ebenfalls die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung eines Teleskopzylinders, wobei eine Endlagendämpfung der Ausfahrbewegung für einen oder für mehrere Kolben vorgesehen sein kann.The invention can be implemented in pressure medium cylinders of various designs. In particular, the pressure medium cylinder can be designed to be single-acting or double-acting as well as with a closed or hollow piston rod. Also possible is the inventive design of a telescopic cylinder, wherein a cushioning of the extension movement can be provided for one or more pistons.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten werden anhand des in den schematischen Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt

Figur 1
einen Druckmittelzylinder mit Endlagendämpfung des Standes der Technik,
Figur 2
einen erfindungsgemäßen Druckmittelzylinder,
Figur 3
einen Druckmittelzylinder während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens,
Figur 4
einen Druckmittelzylinder während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens,
Figur 5
einen Druckmittelzylinder ohne Endlagendämpfung.
Further advantages and details will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the schematic figures. It shows
FIG. 1
a pressure medium cylinder with end position damping of the prior art,
FIG. 2
a pressure medium cylinder according to the invention,
FIG. 3
a pressure medium cylinder during an extension movement of the piston,
FIG. 4
a pressure medium cylinder during a retraction movement of the piston,
FIG. 5
a pressure cylinder without cushioning.

Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Druckmittelzylinder des Standes der Technik weist ein Zylinderrohr 1, einen mit dem Zylinderrohr 1 verschweißten Zylinderboden 2 und einen auf das Zylinderrohr 1 aufgeschraubten Zylinderkopf 3 auf. Innerhalb des Zylinderrohrs 1 ist ein Kolben 4 in axialer Richtung verschiebbar angeordnet. In der dargestellten Position ist der Kolben 4 vollständig eingefahren. Der mit Druckmedium gefüllte Druckraum 5 des Druckmittelzylinders befindet sich zwischen dem Kolben 4 und dem Zylinderboden 2 und im Inneren des hohlen Kolbens 4. Der Zylinderkopf 3 ist gegenüber dem Kolben 3 mittels einer Dichtung 6 und eines zusätzlichen Abstreifers 7 abgedichtet. In dem in der Zeichnung linken Bereich des Kolbens 4 ist der Kolben 4 mittels einer Kolbenführung 8 in dem Zylinderrohr 1 geführt und mittels einer Kolbendichtung 9 abgedichtet.The in FIG. 1 shown pressure cylinder of the prior art has a cylinder tube 1, a welded to the cylinder tube 1 cylinder bottom 2 and a screwed onto the cylinder tube 1 cylinder head 3. Within the cylinder tube 1, a piston 4 is arranged displaceably in the axial direction. In the illustrated position, the piston 4 is fully retracted. The filled with pressure medium pressure chamber 5 of the pressure medium cylinder is located between the piston 4 and the cylinder bottom 2 and inside the hollow piston 4. The cylinder head 3 is sealed relative to the piston 3 by means of a seal 6 and an additional scraper 7. In the left in the drawing area of the piston 4, the piston 4 is guided by means of a piston guide 8 in the cylinder tube 1 and sealed by a piston seal 9.

Zwischen dem Kolben 4 und dem Zylinderrohr 1 befindet sich ein mit Hydrauliköl gefüllter Ringraum 10, der in axialer Richtung einerseits durch die Kolbendichtung 9 und andererseits durch den Zylinderkopf 3 und die darin angeordnete Dichtung 6 begrenzt ist. Während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 4 nach in der Zeichnung rechts verkleinert sich das Volumen des Ringraums 10 -während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens 4 wird der Ringraum 10 entsprechend größer. Der Ringraum 10 ist über eine Öffnung 11 mit dem Druckraum 5 verbunden, sodass der Ringraum 10 vollständig mit Druckmedium gefüllt ist. Bei einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 4 wird die Öffnung 11 kurz vor Erreichend der Endstellung des Kolbens 4 vom Zylinderkopf 3 verschlossen. Bei einer weiteren Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens fließt das aus dem Ringraum 10 verdrängte Druckmedium über den Kanal 12 und das Drosselventil 13 in den Druckraum 5 ab. Hierbei definiert das Drosselventil 13 eine Drosselöffnung, deren Strömungswiderstand zu einer Druckerhöhung im Ringraum 10 führt und dadurch die Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 4 verlangsamt. Eine Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens 4 in entgegengesetzte Richtung wird jedoch nicht behindert, da das Drosselventil 13 ein Zuströmen von Druckmedium in den Ringraum 10 ungehindert zulässt.Between the piston 4 and the cylinder tube 1 is a filled with hydraulic oil annulus 10, which is bounded in the axial direction on the one hand by the piston seal 9 and the other by the cylinder head 3 and the seal 6 arranged therein. During an extension movement of the piston 4 to the right in the drawing, the volume of the annular space 10 decreases during a retraction movement of the piston 4, the annular space 10 is correspondingly larger. The annular space 10 is connected via an opening 11 with the pressure chamber 5, so that the annular space 10 is completely filled with pressure medium. In an extension movement of the piston 4, the opening 11 is closed shortly before reaching the end position of the piston 4 from the cylinder head 3. In a further extension movement of the piston, the pressure medium displaced from the annular space 10 flows via the channel 12 and the throttle valve 13 into the pressure chamber 5. Here, the throttle valve 13 defines a throttle opening whose flow resistance leads to an increase in pressure in the annular space 10 and thereby slows the extension movement of the piston 4. A retraction movement of the piston 4 in the opposite direction is not hindered, however, since the throttle valve 13 allows flow of pressure medium into the annular space 10 unhindered.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Druckmittelzylinder ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. Der Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Druckmittelzylinders entspricht hinsichtlich des Zylinderrohrs 1, des Zylinderbodens 2 und des Zylinderkopfs 3 dem Druckmittelzylinder des Standes der Technik. Grundsätzlich anders gestaltet ist hingegen der in der Zeichnung linke Bereich des Kolbens 14, der in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung einstückig gestaltet ist und eine Nut 15 zur Aufnahme eines Rings 16 aufweist. Die Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 nach in der Zeichnung rechts wird durch Anschlag 17 begrenzt, der in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel von einem Sicherungsring gebildet ist.An inventive pressure medium cylinder is in FIG. 2 shown. With regard to the cylinder tube 1, the cylinder base 2 and the cylinder head 3, the design of the pressure medium cylinder according to the invention corresponds to the pressure medium cylinder of the prior art. Basically designed differently, however, is the left in the drawing area of the piston 14, which is designed in one piece in the embodiment according to the invention and has a groove 15 for receiving a ring 16. The extension movement of the piston 14 to the right in the drawing is limited by stop 17, which is formed in this embodiment of a locking ring.

Erfindungsgemäß bildet der Ring 16 eine Drosselöffnung, durch welche das in dem Ringraum 10 vorhandene Druckmedium gedrosselt abfließen kann, wenn die Öffnung 11 kurz vor dem Ende der Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 durch den Zylinderkopf 3 verdeckt ist. Darüber hinaus bildet der Ring 16 eine Ventilöffnung. Die Ventilöffnung ermöglicht während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 nach in der Zeichnung links ein ungehindertes Zuströmen von Druckmedium in den Ringraum 10, ist jedoch während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 verschlossen, sodass während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 nur die Drosselöffnung geöffnet ist. Die Ventilfunktion des Rings 16 wird durch eine axiale Verschiebbarkeit des Rings 16 innerhalb der Nut 15 ermöglicht.According to the invention, the ring 16 forms a throttle opening, through which the pressure medium present in the annular space 10 can flow off in a throttled manner when the opening 11 is covered by the cylinder head 3 shortly before the end of the extension movement of the piston 14. In addition, the ring 16 forms a valve opening. The valve opening allows during a retraction movement of the piston 14 according to the left in the drawing, an unhindered inflow of pressure medium in the annular space 10, but is closed during an extension movement of the piston 14, so that during a Extension movement of the piston 14 only the throttle opening is opened. The valve function of the ring 16 is made possible by an axial displaceability of the ring 16 within the groove 15.

Eine mögliche Ausgestaltung des Rings 16 und dessen Funktionsweise ist in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellt.A possible embodiment of the ring 16 and its operation is in the FIGS. 3 and 4 shown.

Hierbei zeigt Figur 3 den Druckmittelzylinder während einer Ausfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 nach in der Zeichnung rechts (Pfeil v). Zu erkennen ist, dass die Öffnung 10 im Kolben 14 durch den Zylinderkopf 3 verdeckt und damit verschlossen ist, womit die Endlagendämpfung des Kolbens 14 aktiv ist. Die der Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens 14 entgegen gerichtete Reibungskraft FReib zieht den Ring 16 an die linke Seite der Nut 15. Der Ring 16 liegt an der linken Seitenfläche der Nut 15 satt an, sodass als Verbindung zwischen dem Ringraum 10 und dem Druckraum 5 nur die in dem Ring als Bohrung vorgesehene Drosselöffnung 18 zur Verfügung steht.This shows FIG. 3 the pressure fluid cylinder during an extension movement of the piston 14 according to the right in the drawing (arrow v). It can be seen that the opening 10 in the piston 14 is covered by the cylinder head 3 and thus closed, whereby the end position damping of the piston 14 is active. The direction of movement of the piston 14 opposing frictional force F friction pulls the ring 16 to the left side of the groove 15. The ring 16 is rich on the left side surface of the groove 15, so that only the connection between the annulus 10 and the pressure chamber 5 in the ring provided as a bore throttle opening 18 is available.

Figur 4 zeigt die Funktion des Rings 16 während einer Einfahrbewegung des Kolbens 14 nach in der Zeichnung links (Pfeil v). In Folge der Reibungskraft FReib zwischen dem Ring 16 und dem Zylinderrohr 1 ist der Ring auf die in der Zeichnung rechte Seite der Nut 15 verschoben. In der in der Zeichnung rechten Stirnfläche des Rings 16 sind Nuten vorgesehen, die die Ventilöffnung 19 des Rings 16 bilden. Durch diese Ventilöffnung 19 kann Druckmedium ungehindert in den Ringraum 10 einströmen. FIG. 4 shows the function of the ring 16 during a retraction movement of the piston 14 to the left in the drawing (arrow v). As a result of the frictional force F friction between the ring 16 and the cylinder tube 1, the ring is moved to the right side of the groove 15 in the drawing. In the right in the drawing end face of the ring 16 grooves are provided which form the valve opening 19 of the ring 16. Through this valve opening 19, pressure medium can flow unhindered into the annular space 10.

In Figur 5 ist verdeutlicht, wie der erfindungsgemäße Druckmittelzylinder ohne konstruktive Änderungen am Kolben 14, am Zylinderrohr 1, am Zylinderboden 2 oder am Zylinderkopf 3 in einen Druckmittelzylinder ohne Endlagendämpfung umgebaut werden kann. Hierzu wird an Stelle des Rings 16 gemäß Fig. 2 ein herkömmlicher Kolbenführungsring 20 in die Nut 15 eingesetzt, der der Breite der Nut 15 entspricht und damit in der Nut 15 nicht verschiebbar festgelegt ist. Der Kolbenführungsring 20 weist nicht dargestellte Öffnungen oder Kanäle auf, durch die Druckmedium ungehindert von dem Druckraum 5 in den Ringraum 10 einströmen oder aus dem Ringraum 10 heraus strömen kann.In FIG. 5 illustrates how the pressure fluid cylinder according to the invention can be converted without constructive changes to the piston 14, the cylinder tube 1, the cylinder base 2 or the cylinder head 3 in a pressure medium cylinder without cushioning. For this purpose, instead of the ring 16 according to Fig. 2 a conventional piston guide ring 20 is inserted into the groove 15, which corresponds to the width of the groove 15 and is thus fixed in the groove 15 is not displaceable. The piston guide ring 20 has openings or channels, not shown, through which pressure medium can freely flow from the pressure chamber 5 into the annular space 10 or can flow out of the annular space 10.

Claims (10)

  1. Pressurising medium cylinder with a cylinder tube (1), a piston (14) and a pressure chamber (5) for a pressure medium in the interior of the cylinder tube (1), as well as a device for the stroke end damping of an advancing movement of the piston (14), the device for the stroke end damping forming an annular chamber (10) filled with pressure medium, which is limited in the radial direction by the inside of the cylinder tube (1) and the outside of the piston (14) and, in the axial direction, by a ring (16) placed on the piston (14) and a cylinder head (3), the annular chamber (10) being connected, during the stroke end damping of the stroke movement of the piston (14), by means of at least one defined throttle opening (18) to the pressure chamber (5) of the pressure medium, characterised in that the throttle opening (18) is formed by the ring (16) placed on the piston (14), the ring (16) being formed from plastics material.
  2. Pressurising medium cylinder according to claim 1, characterised in that the annular chamber (10) is connected by means of at least one valve opening (19) to the pressure chamber (5), the valve opening (19) being closed during an advancing movement of the piston (14) and opened during a retraction movement of the piston (14) and the valve opening (19) being formed by the ring (16) placed on the piston (14).
  3. Pressurising medium cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the piston (14) has a groove (15) running in the peripheral direction, in which groove the ring (16) is arranged.
  4. Pressurising medium cylinder according to claim 3, characterised in that the ring (16) arranged in the groove (15) can be moved relative to the piston (14).
  5. Pressurising medium cylinder according to claim 4, characterised in that the ring (16) and the groove (15) are formed in such a way that in a position of the ring (16), in which it is located during a retraction movement of the piston (14), the valve opening (19) between the annular chamber (10) and the pressure chamber (5) is opened up, and in that in a position of the ring (16), in which it is located during an advancing movement of the piston (14), the valve opening (19) is closed.
  6. Pressurising medium cylinder according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the valve opening (19) has at least one channel, which connects the end faces of the ring (16) to one another.
  7. Pressurising medium cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the throttle opening (18) is opened independently of the position of the ring (16).
  8. Pressurising medium cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the throttle opening (18) is formed by at least-one bore in the ring (16).
  9. Pressurising medium cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the ring (16) is a guide element to guide the piston (14) in the cylinder tube (1).
  10. Pressurising medium cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the pressurising medium cylinder has a device for stroke end damping of a retraction movement of the piston (14).
EP05014290A 2004-07-27 2005-06-30 Hydraulic cylinder with stroke end damping Not-in-force EP1621780B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004036424A DE102004036424A1 (en) 2004-07-27 2004-07-27 Hydraulic cylinder with end position damping

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1621780A1 EP1621780A1 (en) 2006-02-01
EP1621780B1 true EP1621780B1 (en) 2008-05-21

Family

ID=35057029

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05014290A Not-in-force EP1621780B1 (en) 2004-07-27 2005-06-30 Hydraulic cylinder with stroke end damping

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EP (1) EP1621780B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE396342T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004036424A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012107197A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Still Gmbh Hydraulic cylinder with end position damping

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004039211A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-23 Still Gmbh Mast and hydraulic cylinder with a compensation device
DE502007001184D1 (en) 2007-03-27 2009-09-10 Freudenberg Carl Kg Sealing element and seal assembly so
DE102011009365A1 (en) 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Still Gmbh Pressure cylinder for use as lifting cylinder of lifting mechanism for load bearing device of industrial truck, has piston ring comprising two semi-circular half-casings that are mounted into receiving groove, without using tools
DE102011105363A1 (en) * 2011-06-20 2012-12-20 Carl Freudenberg Kg Sealing ring for plunger cylinder, has pressure equalization openings which are evenly distributed along circumferential direction
US9926178B2 (en) * 2014-08-20 2018-03-27 Crown Equipment Corporation Actuator in a lift truck

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2902055A1 (en) * 1978-01-20 1979-07-26 Girling Ltd GAS SPRING
GB2122305B (en) * 1982-04-10 1987-02-18 Tokico Ltd Fluid spring or damper with slidable piston
DE29707639U1 (en) * 1997-04-28 1997-08-21 Still Gmbh Hydraulic cylinder with shock protection
US6557456B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2003-05-06 The Raymond Corporation Cushioned actuator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012107197A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Still Gmbh Hydraulic cylinder with end position damping

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1621780A1 (en) 2006-02-01
DE102004036424A1 (en) 2006-03-23
DE502005004170D1 (en) 2008-07-03
ATE396342T1 (en) 2008-06-15

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