EP1614496B1 - A spot welding gun and a gun accessory - Google Patents

A spot welding gun and a gun accessory Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1614496B1
EP1614496B1 EP05445059A EP05445059A EP1614496B1 EP 1614496 B1 EP1614496 B1 EP 1614496B1 EP 05445059 A EP05445059 A EP 05445059A EP 05445059 A EP05445059 A EP 05445059A EP 1614496 B1 EP1614496 B1 EP 1614496B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
rod
welding gun
structural elements
spot welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05445059A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1614496A2 (en
EP1614496A3 (en
Inventor
Magnus Eek
Sivert Stenkvist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Car O Liner AB
Original Assignee
Car O Liner AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Car O Liner AB filed Critical Car O Liner AB
Publication of EP1614496A2 publication Critical patent/EP1614496A2/en
Publication of EP1614496A3 publication Critical patent/EP1614496A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1614496B1 publication Critical patent/EP1614496B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/28—Portable welding equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/31—Electrode holders and actuating devices therefor
    • B23K11/314—Spot welding guns, e.g. mounted on robots

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spot welding gun and to a spot welding gun accessory.
  • Resistance welding or spot welding is a technique in which two or more objects are joined together at one or several points, typically with the aid of a spot welding gun.
  • Resistance welding of this kind can be used in manufacturing processes or in repair work, particularly with regard to car chasses. Resistance welding is a quick and an effective method which provides stronger weld joints with fewer weld points than is achieved with a MIG-welding process or similar process. Resistance welding with the aid of a welding gun is also environmentally friendly, for instance significantly reduces fume emission. The method also results in a low development of heat in the metal around the welding point, meaning that the resistance to corrosion of galvanized or zincified metal will be retained and thermal stresses in the construction minimized.
  • Those so-called welding parameters that can be varied in the welding process include electrode pressure, amperage of the welding current and duration of said current, cooling effect, cooling time and so-called stay time or residence time.
  • the X-guns have a pneumatic cylinder with which the electrode is actuated via a lever.
  • the electrode pressure is thus dependant on the length of the lever arm which, in turn, affects other welding parameters.
  • An example of X-guns is shown in US 2349835 , which patent discloses a spot welding gun according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the pneumatic cylinder of C-guns influences the electrode directly.
  • the electrode pressure remains constant, regardless of the design of the lever arm.
  • An example of C-guns is shown in WO 00/15379 .
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a spot welding gun with which one or more of the problems arising with a spot welding gun according to known technology is/are avoided.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a spot welding gun which, via an uncomplicated procedure, enables or facilitates passage of the guns passed obstacles when positioning the guns in relation to objects to be welded and when removing the guns therefrom.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a spot welding gun of the aforesaid kind which is compact and reliable.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a spot welding gun accessory wherewith the welding gun and the accessory when fitted thereto will satisfy at least one of the above objects.
  • a spot welding gun for resistant welding of objects includes an axially moveable rod and two electrode-carrying arms, wherewith the electrodes face one another and the gun is adapted to press together the objects to be welded between the electrodes by moving the rod axially, and to permit welding current to flow between the electrodes.
  • the rod extends axially generally at right angles to the directions of the electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrode-carrying arms is pivotally mounted, and wherein means are operatively connected to at least the pivotally mounted arm and to the rod.
  • Said means are disposed between the point at which one of the electrode arms is pivotally mounted and said electrodes and are in engagement with each other and move transitively relative to one another and therewith force at least one electrode to move towards the other electrode in response to axial movement of the rod.
  • a change in the angle of force of about 90° is obtained by the wedging effect or by utilizing the principle of sloping planes.
  • the electrode arm can be attached at its innermost end and therewith enable the full length of the arm to be used for pivotal action.
  • This enables the arm to pivot about a larger radius, wherewith the clamping force will be directed more linearly - i.e. the directions of the forces will lie closer to the normal to the surfaces of the objects to be welded.
  • the elements are placed so that at least one of the elements can be replaced with another element that has a different angle of inclination so as to change the clamping force or the electrode distance and to enable a complete accessory (tool) to be replaced with another accessory that has a different angle of inclination with regard to its wedging effect, a different electrode distance or a different arm length. Placement of these elements is achieved with a highly flexible construction.
  • co-acting elements have a number of different designs.
  • One of the elements may comprise a slot, a groove, a wheel or a roller and another of said elements may comprise a projection, a pin or like device intended to run in the slot or the groove, or a surface adapted to guide the roller or the wheel.
  • the other electrode arm is pivotally mounted and operatively connected to said elements so that said other electrode arm will be forced to move towards the first electrode arm when said rod is moved axially.
  • the inventive spot welding gun is very compact and very flexible. It can be moved far into a car chassis and other not readily accessed structures and is able to reach objects that were previously impossible to reach with spot welding guns of the earlier known kind.
  • Figures 1 - 2 are diagrammatic views of a spot welding gun according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an accessory for a spot welding gun according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4 - 10 are diagrammatic illustrations of spot welding guns according to further preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figures 1 - 2 are diagrammatic illustrations of a spot welding gun according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the spot welding gun comprises a housing 1 that includes a pneumatic cylinder in which there is provided a piston or a pressure rod that can be moved axially through a limited path, a handle 3, and an accessory 5 which can be releasably fitted to the housing 1.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the gun with its pneumatically driven piston in a retracted position, while figure 2 shows the gun with the piston in a forwardly projected position.
  • the gun also includes a connection for supplying compressed air to the pneumatic cylinder and electric connections for the electrodes and also for the control electronics.
  • the accessory 5 includes a ring-shaped part 7 which can be releasably fastened to the housing 1, a handle 8, a rod 2 which is operatively connectable, for instance mechanically securable, to the piston of the welding gun, and an attachment 9 for electrode arms that are fixedly mounted to the ring-shaped part 7.
  • Two electrode arms 10, 11 are pivotally affixed to the attachment 9 and each one is provided with a respective electrode 12, 13, which is preferably fixedly mounted to its respective arm.
  • the two electrodes 12, 13 face towards each other and have rounded and possibly slightly flattened electrode tips. It will be noted that the directions of the electrodes are generally perpendicular to the axial direction of the rod 2 and therewith also perpendicular to the axial direction of the pneumatic cylinder as opposed, for instance, to a C-gun.
  • each of said plates includes oblique slots or grooves 16, 17.
  • Extending from respective electrode arms 10, 11 are two projections, for example pins, spikes or like devices 18, 19 which engage with the slots 16, 17 in the plates 14, 15, this engagement forcing the electrodes 12, 13 towards each other in response to axial movement of the rod 2.
  • the change in the force direction from the axial direction of the piston and the rod 2 to the perpendicular direction from electrode to electrode is achieved by virtue of a wedging effect or by using an inclined plane.
  • the oblique slots 16, 17 can be likened to wedges or to inclined planes and the axial forward drive of the rod 2 will force the electrode arms 10, 11 to move up these wedges or inclined planes as the projections or pins 18, 19 move or slide translatively in the slots 16, 17.
  • the welding gun is shown obliquely from one side in figure 1 and although only one plate 14 with its oblique slots 16, 17 and only the projections 18, 19 on one electrode arm 10 can be clearly seen it will be understood that the other plate 15 has corresponding oblique slots 16, 17 and that the other electrode arm 11 is provided with corresponding projections.
  • the plates 14, 15 can be mutually connected at their rear end portions by means of a spacing element or the like and may also provide a contact surface, a support or an attachment means for the front end of the rod 2.
  • the welding gun When using the welding gun from the starting position shown in figure 1 , the welding gun is set so that the electrodes 12, 13 will be located on a respective side of the objects to be welded together.
  • the rod 2 is driven axially forwards by means of the pneumatic piston-cylinder device of the welding gun, therewith forcing the electrodes 12, 13 towards one another.
  • the objects to be welded are pressed together between the electrodes 12, 13 as a result of the movement of rod 2 and the resultant wedging effect, and welding current is caused to flow between the electrodes so as to form a spot welding joint.
  • the rod 2 is then retracted axially by means of the pneumatic piston-cylinder device of the welding gun, such as to move the electrodes apart so as to enable or simplify removal of the welding gun.
  • Figure 1 shows the welding gun in an open or retracted state (the projections 18, 19 on the electrode arms are located furthest forward in the slots 16, 17) whereas figure 2 shows the welding gun in a closed or forwardly displaced position (the projections 18, 19 on the electrode arms are located furthest to the rear in the slots 16, 17).
  • the plates 14, 15 need not be fixedly mounted to the front end of the rod 2 but need only be arranged so that they will be driven forwards by the rod 2 when said rod is driven forwards.
  • the inventive spot welding gun described above shall be constructed particularly to satisfy the various quality demands of car manufacturers, particularly in respect of the aftermarket.
  • the welding gun must have sufficient clamping force, amperage and cooling ability to be able to manage occurring plate thicknesses and anti-rust coatings present on the chassis. Welding time, cooling time and stay time shall be controlled precisely and reliably.
  • the accessory is very compact and can be moved far into car chassis and the like.
  • the magnitude of the clamping force obtained between the electrodes is dependent (i) on the distance between the electrodes 12, 13 and the attachment of the arms 10, 11, (ii) the distance between the slots 16, 17 and the electrodes 12, 13, and (iii) the angle of the slots 16, 17.
  • the accessory 5 may be pivotal/rotatable radially around the housing 1.
  • the ring-shaped part 7 will preferably include a slot or an aperture that will enable it to be locked firmly to the housing 1 with the aid of a single screw.
  • the screw is integral with the handle 8, wherewith the accessory 5 can be turned by (i) releasing the arm (the screw is loosened by turning the handle 8), (ii) rotating the accessory 5, and (iii) firmly locking the accessory 5 (by turning the handle 8).
  • the accessory can, of course, also be dismantled and replaced with another accessory of appropriate design.
  • the length of the arms 10, 11 and the angle of the slots 16, 17, and therewith the distance between the electrodes 12, 13 in the retracted position can vary from device to device.
  • a cylinder-mounted rear electrode and a C-arm described in the aforesaid WO 00/15379 can also be used together with the spot welding gun (substituted for the above mentioned accessory) in the case of certain applications.
  • This provides a highly flexible spot welding gun with which accessories are chosen in accordance with the application in which they are used, among other things the electrode arm design.
  • Accessories other than those typically used with welding guns can be fitted alternatively to the welding gun shown in figures 1 - 2 .
  • a tool which is similar to the accessory 5 but which lacks electrodes and the electrical connections and which is modified so that the slots 16, 17 in the plates 14, 15 are angled in mutually opposite directions with respect to the axial direction of the rod 2 for loosening a joint and the like, such as a riveted joint.
  • the tool may be designed so that the arms 10, 11 will be brought together when the rod 2 is in its rear position wherewith the arms are forced outwards away from each other when the rod 2 is driven forwards by means of the pneumatic piston-cylinder device of the spot welding gun. There is obtained in this case a force which is directed outwardly instead of the inwardly directed force obtained with a spot welding rod that includes the accessory 5 shown in figures 1 - 2 .
  • the pneumatic cylinder of the spot welding gun can be replaced with some other type of driving mechanism, provided that the mechanism used is able to cause the rod 2 to move in a generally axial direction.
  • an hydraulic cylinder can be used or a linear motor such as an electric motor.
  • a spot welding gun of similar modus operandi can be obtained by angling the slots 16, 17 in mutually opposite directions with regard to the axial direction of the rod 2 and that the rod can be retracted instead and driven forwards.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an accessory for a spot welding gun according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the accessory shown in figure 3 differs from the accessory shown in figures 1 - 2 , by virtue of the plates 14, 15 having a slightly different design. These plates include oblique non-penetrating grooves instead of through-penetrating slots.
  • Each electrode arm 10, 11 has a hole in which a cylindrical shaft or pin is disposed such as to project out on both sides of respective electrode arms 10, 11.
  • Each of the cylindrical shafts will conveniently be fastened in respective electrode arms with the aid of a bearing, such as a roller bearing or ball bearing, such as to engage a groove in each plate 14, 15, so as to obtain a similar translation movement and wedging effect as that obtained in the aforesaid manner when the rod 2 is driven forwards so as to move the electrodes towards one another and press said electrodes against the objects to be welded at the necessary force.
  • a bearing such as a roller bearing or ball bearing
  • the electrode arms 10, 11 may be pivotally mounted in the electrode arm attachment 9 with the aid of bearings, so as to further reduce friction as the rod 2 is driven forwards.
  • the plates 14, 15 are affixed at their rear portions to a spacing element 30 which also forms a support or an attachment for the front end of the rod 2.
  • the plates 14, 15 are screwed firmly to the spacing element 30 by means of screws 31.
  • FIGS. 4 - 10 are diagrammatic illustrations of spot welding guns according to other preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the spot welding gun illustrated in figure 4 differs from that illustrated in figures 1 - 2 by virtue of the slots 16, 17 being curved instead of straight. Because the slots are more vertical at their front portions, the electrodes 12, 13 will approach each other more quickly initially as the rod 2 is driven forwards. Because the slots are more horizontal at their rear portions, a greater compressive force will be obtained in a later stage of this forward movement of the rod 2 since the wedging effect is then more pronounced, provided that the objects to be welded and located between the electrodes are sufficiently thin for the more horizontal part of the slots 16, 17 to be reached.
  • a spot welding gun according to the present invention may have curved slots of a shape other than that shown in figure 4 .
  • the spot welding gun illustrated in figure 5 differs from that illustrated in figures 1 - 2 by virtue of the electrode arms 11, 12 and the plates 14, 15 having a different design.
  • the electrode arms 11, 12 lack projections but, instead, engage surfaces 51, 52 which face away from each other and which are provided with an appropriate gradient.
  • the plates 14, 15 are provided with rollers 53, 54 that are adapted to roll along said surfaces formed on the electrode arms 11, 12 so as to force the electrodes 12, 13 to move towards each other with a similar wedging effect as the rod 2 is driven forwards.
  • the inclined surfaces on the electrode arms constitute the components that create the wedging effect.
  • the rollers are forced along the gradient of the surfaces and the horizontal movement of the rod 2 is converted into a force that acts on the electrodes in a perpendicular direction.
  • a change in force direction is achieved classically by applying a force in the longitudinal direction of the "wedge" (which coincides with the axial direction of the rod 2 and therewith also the axial direction of the pneumatic cylinder), there being obtained a much greater force in the transverse direction (which coincides with the direction from one electrode to the other).
  • the spot welding gun shown in figure 6 differs from that shown in figures 1 - 2 solely by virtue of the upper electrode arm 10 being pivotally mounted in the attachment 9 for said electrode arms, whereas the lower electrode arm 10 is fixedly mounted to the arm attachment 9.
  • Both of the arms 10, 11 are provided with projections 18, 19 and the plates 14, 15 include upper oblique slots 16 and lower, generally horizontal slots 17 adapted to receive the projections or pins 18, 19.
  • the upper electrode arm 10 and its electrode 12 will be subjected to a wedging effect, such as to force the electrode on the upper electrode arm to move towards the electrode 13 on the lower electrode arm 11.
  • the electrodes 12, 13 are caused to move towards each other also in this case, even though only one electrode is able to move in this fixed co-ordinate system.
  • the spot welding gun shown in figure 7 differs from that shown in figures 1 - 2 by virtue of the gun including solely one plate 14 having two slots 16, 17 and disposed in a respective opening or aperture 71 in respective electrode arms 10, 11.
  • Each electrode arm 10, 11 includes a hole in which a cylindrical shaft or pin 72 is disposed.
  • Each of the cylindrical pins 72 which are conveniently fastened in respective electrode arms with the aid of bearings, such as roller bearings or ball bearings, are in engagement with a slot 16, 17 in the plate 14, in other words each pin 72 extends through a respective slot 16, 17 so as to obtain the same wedging effect as that earlier described as the rod 2 is driven forwards, so that the electrodes will be moved towards each other and press against the objects to be welded with the force required.
  • the spot welding gun shown in figure 8 differs from that shown in figure 6 solely by virtue of the upper slots 16 in the plates 14, 15 being open at one end, so as to enable the upper electrode arm 10 to pass completely free from the plates ?
  • This free-passing possibility is extremely valuable when needing to pass different obstacles in order to reach the objects to be welded.
  • the spot welding gun shown in figure 9 differs from that shown in figures 1 - 2 by virtue of the electrode arm attachment 9, which is firmly mounted in the ring-shaped part 7, extending further forwards.
  • the gun includes only one plate 14 having two slots (only the upper slot 16 being visible in figure 9 ), which is firmly fastened to the rod 2 behind the pivot attachment of the arms 10, 11 in the plate 14.
  • the slots in the plate 14, which engage with corresponding pins on the rear parts of the electrode arms 10, 11, are angled in opposite directions with regard to the axial direction of the rod 2 as compared with the embodiment shown in figures 1 - 2 , so that the rear parts of the electrode arms will be pressed outwards by the wedging effect described earlier, as the rod 2 is driven forwards, wherewith the front parts of the electrode arms (carrying the electrodes 12, 13) are pressed inwards towards each other via the lever arms that are created when the electrode arms 10, 11 are pivotally mounted in the attachment 9 between the positions of the electrodes 12, 13 and the position of engagement between the pins on the electrode arms 10, 11 and the slots 16 and the plate 14.
  • part of the attachment 9 has been omitted in the figure 9 illustration, so as to illustrate the slot 16 and its engagement with a corresponding pin on the rear part of the electrode arm 10 more clearly.
  • the spot welding gun shown in figure 10 differs from that shown in figures 1 - 2 by virtue of each of the plates 14, 15 including two slots 16, 17 for each electrode arm 10, 11, where the slots 16, 17 for each electrode arm 10, 11 are preferably parallel with each other and located after one another in the longitudinal direction of the spot welding gun.
  • each electrode arm 10, 11 includes two projections or pins for each plate 14, 15 and for respective engagement with its slot 16, 17.
  • the rear end parts of the electrode arms 10, 11 are not only pivotally fastened in the attachment 9 but are also moveable vertically to a limited extent.
  • the attachment 9 is provided to this end with vertically extending slots 100 with which pins or like projections on the rear end parts of the electrode arms 10, 11 engage. This embodiment ensures that as the rod 2 is driven forwards, the pins on the electrode arms 10, 11 will run in respective slots 16, 17, 100 so that the wedging action created in double slots will force the electrode arms 10, 11 to move linearly with respect to each other.
  • each plate connected operatively to the rod 2 includes slots, grooves or a roller and that each electrode arm is provided with projections, one or more pins, or an oblique surface in the preferred embodiments described above, the reverse is also applicable, i.e. that each plate operatively connected to the rod 2 may be provided with projections, pins, or oblique surfaces while each electrode arm is provided with one or more slots, grooves or a roller that engages with respective corresponding components on the plate or the plates.
  • the force on the electrodes (12, 13) can be controlled relatively simply in relation to the force applied via the pressure rod (2) of the cylinder device, for instance at a ratio of 1:1.
  • the force on the electrodes can also readily be amplified or decreased in relation to the cylinder output force, depending on the chosen force source and the force desired on the electrodes.
  • the electrode arms may have a geometric shape other than those shown in the figures.
  • the electrode arms may conveniently be designed for each application, among other things in accordance with the appearance and position of the objects to be welded, and also in accordance with the compressive force required to effect welding of said objects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
EP05445059A 2004-07-09 2005-07-05 A spot welding gun and a gun accessory Active EP1614496B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0401825A SE526470C2 (sv) 2004-07-09 2004-07-09 Punktsvetstång samt tillbehör till punktsvetstång

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1614496A2 EP1614496A2 (en) 2006-01-11
EP1614496A3 EP1614496A3 (en) 2006-04-19
EP1614496B1 true EP1614496B1 (en) 2009-09-02

Family

ID=32823027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05445059A Active EP1614496B1 (en) 2004-07-09 2005-07-05 A spot welding gun and a gun accessory

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7173210B2 (sv)
EP (1) EP1614496B1 (sv)
AT (1) ATE441494T1 (sv)
DE (1) DE602005016342D1 (sv)
SE (1) SE526470C2 (sv)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10352929A1 (de) * 2003-11-11 2005-06-23 Forschung + Entwicklung Klaus Dobernecker Ing. Grad. Vorrichtung zum Ultraschallschweißen
DE102009019130A1 (de) * 2009-04-29 2010-11-04 Newfrey Llc, Newark Fügekopfanordnung und Fügeverfahren
US9505079B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2016-11-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc High capacity aluminum spot welding trans-gun primary cable
CN104400201B (zh) * 2014-11-25 2016-11-09 广汽本田汽车有限公司 一种用于车窗框玻璃导槽的焊枪
FR3099073B1 (fr) 2019-07-24 2021-07-30 Gys Appareil de soudage comportant un bras amovible doté d’une partie mobile en rotation supportant une électrode

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2082904A (en) * 1935-03-18 1937-06-08 Murray Corp Electric welding apparatus
US2349835A (en) * 1941-09-25 1944-05-30 Budd Wheel Co Welding tool
JPS6264481A (ja) * 1985-09-13 1987-03-23 Hongou Seisakusho:Kk 溶接用ガン
JPS63299866A (ja) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-07 Ohara Kinzoku Kogyo Kk 溶接用ガン装置
SE512390C2 (sv) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-13 Car O Liner Ab Förfarande och svetstång för motståndssvetsning med axiellt rörlig elektrod
US6708990B1 (en) * 2000-01-11 2004-03-23 Robert Saino Method and device for transporting a container having a threaded fitting
DE20107328U1 (de) * 2001-04-20 2001-08-30 Festo Ag & Co Fluidische Schweißzange
FR2839910B1 (fr) 2002-05-24 2004-10-15 Celette Sa Pince a souder portable
US6706990B1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-03-16 Goran K. Olsson Resistance welder multi-purpose attachment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602005016342D1 (de) 2009-10-15
EP1614496A2 (en) 2006-01-11
ATE441494T1 (de) 2009-09-15
US20060006152A1 (en) 2006-01-12
SE0401825L (sv) 2005-09-20
SE526470C2 (sv) 2005-09-20
US7173210B2 (en) 2007-02-06
SE0401825D0 (sv) 2004-07-09
EP1614496A3 (en) 2006-04-19

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