Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
  • C08L89/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
  • C08L89/06—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair derived from leather or skin, e.g. gelatin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
  • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
  • C08L23/0853—Vinylacetate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
  • C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin

Definitions

• Shaped body made of biological fiber material and plastic
• the invention relates to a molded body containing biological fiber material and plastic.
• the invention relates to a molded body made of vegetable and / or animal fiber material, with at least one plastic and at least one water-binding biopolymer.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing such a shaped body.
• the Austrian patent application AT-A 1682/2001 discloses molded articles produced by extrusion whose tightness or cohesion depends on the water content of the fiber material used and on the use of additional water-binding inorganic and possibly organic additives. Only with simultaneous use of wood chips dried with great effort to a water content of 1.5% by weight and granular gypsum burned to a high rate of 8% by weight was it possible to produce a shaped body that was true to shape. When using wood shavings with a water content of 2% by weight, despite the use of 6% calcium oxide, a molded article with an improved profile surface could only be produced by the additional use of an additional 8% corn flour.
• a disadvantage of the shaped body disclosed in AT-A 1682/2001 is that it is essential for the production of a dense, true-to-shape shaped body that the wood fiber material used be dried with great effort and that even then the use of inorganic water-binding substances or the additional use of organic water-binding substances cannot be dispensed with.
• non-dried material is that it can be used to produce simple and economical moldings, the moisture of which is in equilibrium with the air humidity typically occurring in the Central European climate (20-80% by weight). Such moldings are particularly dimensionally stable.
• a shaped body in which such a complex predrying of the biological fiber material used can be dispensed with.
• This object is now achieved according to the invention in the case of a shaped body which comprises at least one vegetable or animal fiber material, at least one plastic and at least one water-binding biopolymer in that it has a water content of ⁇ 8.0% by weight, preferably of ⁇ 8.5% by weight , particularly preferably of> 9.0% by weight and is not expanded.
• a non-expanded shaped body is understood to mean a shaped body which, in the course of its production, undergoes less than 10% volume increase through the molding step, i.e. has an expansion index of less than 1.1, in particular from 1.00 to 1.09.
• the expansion index can be set in the manufacture of the shaped body by the choice of the shape or the choice of process conditions during the shape.
• shaped body is understood to mean the process product of a shaping process, for example pressing, pelletizing, granulating, injection molding, profile extrusion, etc.
• the molded body has a water content of up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 12% by weight.
• all materials of plant or animal origin which contain fibrous plymers and thus the moldings can be used as fiber materials can impart good strength properties.
• suitable vegetable fiber materials are wood fibers, wood flour, wood chips, cellulose-containing materials such as waste paper, hemp, straw, flax or other agricultural fiber materials such as ground plant parts, such as rice husks or sugar cane waste.
• Animal fiber material can also be used in the form of leather waste, for example.
• mixtures of one or more of the materials mentioned above can also be used, depending on availability.
• the fiber materials are contained in the moldings in an amount of 5-95% by weight, in particular 30-80% by weight.
• the moldings according to the invention contain at least one plastic, which can be either thermosetting or thermoplastic.
• the type of plastic used also depends on the intended use of the moldings produced. Examples of suitable plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, melamine, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polybutene, and mixtures of the aforementioned plastics. Every type of random, block and graft copolymer is also included.
• the amount of the plastic or plastic mixture contained in the moldings according to the invention is 2-90% by weight, in particular 5-50% by weight.
• the moldings according to the invention further contain at least one biopolymer which is suitable for binding water, for example by interacting with water at an elevated temperature and incorporating it.
• the biopolymer binds at least part of the water so that it is not available for evaporation when the molded body is molded.
• Suitable biopolymers are, for example, comminuted crops containing starch or starch, such as corn or rice, in the form of flour.
• proteins for example gluten, collagen, keratin, lignins, pectins and hemicelluloses, which can bind water like starch, are also suitable.
• the amount of the biopolymer contained in the moldings according to the invention is 5-50% by weight, in particular 10-30% by weight.
• the raw material mixture can contain other auxiliaries customary in plastics technology, such as plasticizers, fillers, adhesion promoters, dyes, lubricants, thermal and / or UV stabilizers, antioxidants or flame retardants Amount of 0.2-20% by weight, preferably 0.5-10% by weight, based on the total mass of the raw material mixture.
• auxiliaries customary in plastics technology such as plasticizers, fillers, adhesion promoters, dyes, lubricants, thermal and / or UV stabilizers, antioxidants or flame retardants Amount of 0.2-20% by weight, preferably 0.5-10% by weight, based on the total mass of the raw material mixture.
• the moldings according to the invention have a density of 0.8-2.0 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.0-1.5 g / cm 3 .
• the pressures occurring or to be used are up to 500 bar (extrusion) or up to 2000 bar (injection molding). In individual cases, even higher pressures can be applied.
• the raw material mixture can be subjected to a plastic or thermoplastic shaping, for example in an extruder, which is also carried out under pressure.
• the processes of pressing, pelletizing, injection molding or injection molding are preferably used to form the moldings according to the invention.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing the moldings according to the invention.
• a method for producing the moldings according to the invention For the production of the molded body
• the raw material mixture is heated, the optionally heated raw material mixture is optionally - plastically or thermoplastic under pressure, and optionally with temperature increase - formed into a molding compound and
• the optionally heated raw material mixture or the molding composition is shaped under pressure and, if appropriate, with an increase in temperature to give a non-expanded shaped body.
• the raw material mixture is produced by dry mixing the individual components and the raw material mixture is then fed to a pellet press (similar to a pellet press for the production of wood pellets).
• a pellet press similar to a pellet press for the production of wood pellets.
• an unexpanded shaped body in this case a pellet.
• the raw material mixture is pressed through the holes in a die.
• the raw material mixture heats up due to internal friction processes.
• the method can also be influenced by the targeted selection of the die. For example, a die with a larger thickness - because of the greater pressures occurring when passing through the holes - allows even non-expanded molded articles to be produced even at higher moisture contents.
• the raw material mixture is preferably not heated before it is fed to the pellet press. However, with some raw material mixtures it may be necessary to preheat them up to about 70 - 80 ° C in order to enable perfect pellet production. In the pellet press itself there is preferably also no supply of thermal energy.
• the raw material mixture When injection molding, the raw material mixture is also premixed dry first. Then the raw material mixture is fed into an extruder, in which the Raw material mixture under pressure, and at melt temperatures of 100-200 ° C undergoes a thermoplastic transformation and is converted into a molding compound.
• a material cushion is built up in the extruder by simultaneously dosing the raw materials and retracting the screw, which is then injected into the tool under pressure of up to 2000 bar.
• the tool contains both the sprue system and the cavities.
• the sprue system can be formed by a cold or hot runner manifold or combinations thereof. A cold runner distributor is preferred for cost reasons.
• the gates are connected to the cavities which are filled with the molding compound under pressure.
• the mold remains closed until the molding compound solidifies. After the molding compound has solidified, the mold is opened and the injection-molded body is removed from the mold.
• the moldings according to the invention can either be used on their own anywhere where pure plastic or pure wooden parts are used today, or they can be processed in a known manner in a subsequent process step to produce such molded parts.
• Examples of such molded parts are: edges , Strips, facade parts, floor boards, fence elements, cable ducts, panels, profiles, cladding, packaging materials, hollow profiles and decorative strips.
• wood chips (water content 10.5% by weight)
• adhesion promoter PP grafted with maleic anhydride
• the moisture content of the raw material mixture was adjusted to 12% by weight by adding water.
• Granules were produced as molded articles.
• Feed zone 150 ° C
• Nozzle inlet 170 ° C
• the granules produced in this way had a moisture content of 9% by weight. However, the granulate has an average diameter of 3.3 mm. Based on the original hole diameter (3.0 mm), this corresponds to a volume increase of 21%. The moldings produced in this way were therefore expanded.
• Example 2
• wood chips (water content 10.5% by weight)
• adhesion promoter PP grafted with maleic anhydride
• the moisture content of the raw material mixture was adjusted to 12% by weight by adding water.
• the pan mill clearance was set to 0.2 mm.
• the power consumption of the pelletizer was 50 - 60 A.
• the moisture content of the pellets thus produced was 9% by weight.
• wood chips (water content 10.5% by weight)
• the moisture content of the raw material mixture was adjusted to 12% by weight by adding water.
• the pan mill clearance was set to 0.2 mm.
• the power consumption of the pelletizer was 50 - 60 A.
• the moisture content of the pellets thus produced was 10% by weight.
• Pellets produced according to Example 2 are metered into a twin-screw extruder (130 kg / h) and a window frame profile is extruded therefrom.
• Feed zone 150 ° C
• Nozzle inlet 160 ° C
• the cross-sectional area of the finished profile is identical to the cross-section of the extrusion die.
• the expansion index is therefore 1.0.
• Pellets produced according to Example 3 are metered into a twin-screw extruder (300 kg / h) and a panel profile is extruded therefrom.
• Nozzle inlet 115 ° C
• Moisture content of the profile 10% by weight, density: 1.4 g / cm 3
• the cross-sectional area of the finished profile is identical to the cross-section of the extrusion die.
• the expansion index is therefore 1.0.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

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Family Cites Families (9)

• 2003
  • 2003-04-14 AT AT0057303A patent/AT412781B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2004
  • 2004-03-25 CA CA002522178A patent/CA2522178A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-03-25 AU AU2004228138A patent/AU2004228138A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-03-25 WO PCT/EP2004/003162 patent/WO2004090022A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-03-25 US US10/552,940 patent/US20060208387A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-03-25 EP EP04723195A patent/EP1613688A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-10-12 HR HR20050892A patent/HRP20050892A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-11-04 NO NO20055213A patent/NO20055213L/no unknown

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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