EP1603684B1 - Systeme de projection a la flamme, a haute vitesse et a basse temperature - Google Patents

Systeme de projection a la flamme, a haute vitesse et a basse temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1603684B1
EP1603684B1 EP03778244A EP03778244A EP1603684B1 EP 1603684 B1 EP1603684 B1 EP 1603684B1 EP 03778244 A EP03778244 A EP 03778244A EP 03778244 A EP03778244 A EP 03778244A EP 1603684 B1 EP1603684 B1 EP 1603684B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
low
combustion chamber
spray
flame spraying
chamber
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EP03778244A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1603684A1 (fr
Inventor
Erwin Dieter Hühne
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Ibeda Sicherheitsgeraete und Gastechnik & Co GmbH
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Ibeda Sicherheitsgerate und Gastechnik & Co KG GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE10253794A external-priority patent/DE10253794B4/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/08—Flame spraying
    • B05D1/10—Applying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to low-temperature high-speed flame spraying systems for the thermal spraying of powdered materials and an auxiliary device for plasma torches for low-temperature high-speed spraying with the features of the preambles of claims 1, 2 and 14.
  • the DE 199 05 811 A1 discloses a high speed flame spray gun for thermal spraying of rod, wire, and / or powder spray additives with a port for introducing gaseous and liquid fuel operating media and an expansion nozzle combustor.
  • Noble gases such as argon, helium, etc., as non-flammable gases can be added to the combustion chamber and create the opportunity to optimally match the physical and chemical properties of the high-energy hypersonic gas jet exactly to the respective spray additive material.
  • highly reactive spray additives such. B. pure nickel or superalloys, as they are for. B. are advantageously used when coating aircraft engine parts, found in the spray coatings much lower levels of oxygen.
  • a high energy electrical arc is ignited between a thoriated tungsten electrode (tungsten cathode) and a constricting copper nozzle as an anode.
  • the gas, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, helium and mixtures thereof flowing in a gap between the cathode and the anode are heated to a high degree, so that monatomic gases partially ionize, diatomic gases dissociate and partially ionize and form a plasma jet.
  • Spray additives by means of a carrier gas, such. B. Ar, N 2 o.
  • a in the highly heated gas mixture of the plasma jet are injected radially from one or more of the anode downstream Pulverinjektoren adhere substantially by mechanical anchoring on by roughening, z.
  • B sandblasting, prepared base material.
  • DC plasma spray gun with "not transferred arc" at a power of about 30 to 100 kW.
  • metallic, ceramic and metal-ceramic powder types are sprayed which could not or only to a limited extent be processed with the usual flame or arc spraying.
  • Plasma-sprayed coatings enhance the economical use of metal spraying and, in terms of their homogeneity, exceed the technical and physical properties of conventional sprayed coatings. Due to the high gas jet temperature of emerging from the end face of the plasma torch plasma jet are introduced into the spray additives, depending on the chemical composition of the grain shape, the particle structure and size, a more or less strong surface oxidation of the individual melt-plastic and or molten spray particles one. These oxides cause a reduced Interpellehaftung after the impact of the spray particles on the substrate surface. The chemical and physical properties of a high oxide spray coating are not suitable for specific applications in coating technology.
  • the US 5,330,798 (Browning) discloses a low temperature, high velocity flame spraying system for thermal spraying of powdered spray additives with ports for introducing gaseous and liquid fuel operating media into a combustion chamber.
  • the US 5,330,798 get liquid and gaseous fuel and oxidizing gas in each case together in the combustion chamber.
  • US 5,330,798 discloses an expansion nozzle downstream of the combustion chamber and further downstream an additional mixing chamber having a non-combustible gas injection system and / or water by means of which the temperature of the supersonic flame jet entering the mixing chamber from the combustion chamber is adjustably lowered by admixing the non-combustible gases and / or water , Expansion of the gases takes place in the expansion nozzle only up to the injection system for non-combustible gases and / or water.
  • the object of the invention is to provide improved and inexpensive low-temperature high-speed flame spraying systems which allows the processing of oxidation-sensitive, non-ductile spray additives with melting temperatures> 800 ° C but also with low melting temperatures and at the same time practically prevents the oxidation of the active ingredients during their flight phase.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide low temperature, high speed flame spraying systems that provide retrofit perspectives to existing HVOF technology users for upgrading existing state of the art HVOF burner systems or plasma powder spray guns.
  • the combustion chamber of known HVOF combustion systems for operation with gaseous and / or liquid fuels in conjunction with oxidizing gases, for spraying powdery spray additives an additional mixing chamber with an injection system with downstream expansion nozzle added, in the controllable quantities and with selectable inflow pressure
  • Non-combustible gases eg argon, helium, nitrogen, etc.
  • controllable in terms of quantity and pressure are supplied by a plurality of radially and / or axially arranged in the flow direction supply channels of the injection system so that after the exit orifice of the combustion chamber with a gas temperature of about 1600 - 3.165 ° C in the mixing chamber inflowing Hypersonic flame jet by mixing the non-combustible gases and / or water at a temperature corresponding to the discharge temperature of steel bottles, bottle bundles or tank facilities, on desired gas jet temperatures can be lowered until the flame is completely extinguished.
  • Non-combustible gases eg argon, helium, nitrogen, etc.
  • Spray additives with a melting point> 1200 ° C such as Cr steel, CrNI steel, as well as the superalloys "M-CrAIY” and others can be processed according to the invention.
  • Fluorine-containing plastics such.
  • the gas jet temperature can be set exactly to the required process temperature, without causing a decomposition process by overheating of the fluorine-containing plastics and thereby the formation of toxic, neurotic gases would and would lose the specific, technical physical properties of fluorine-containing plastics thereby.
  • the addition of the non-combustible gases and / or water into the mixing chamber does not affect the combustion in the upstream combustion chamber in any way, so that the combustion in the combustion chamber by the admixture of the non-combustible gases is not limited in the mixing chamber.
  • the gas jet flowing from the mixing chamber into the downstream, optionally cylindrical, conical and / or laval nozzle-shaped expansion nozzle, lowered to its setpoint temperature is composed of at least two injectors arranged at a radial angle or at an angle between about 45 ° to 90 ° of the mixing chamber outlet orifice powdery spray additive charged, which is heated in the gas jet to its temperature, accelerated and is shot with the kinetic energy of the gas jet to the substrate surface.
  • the "low temperature hyperkinetics" HVOF burner according to the invention is designed in terms of material, functional components and in its dimensioning that sufficient reliability of the burner system at sufficiently high inflow of gaseous and / or liquid fuels to ensure against backflow, such as non-combustible cooling gases between about 5 -> 20 bar, as well as, primary and mixing chamber pressures of the same order of magnitude is guaranteed.
  • the low-temperature high-speed flame-spraying system makes it possible to retrofit or modify state-of-the-art HVOF burner systems by retrofitting a mixing chamber with e.g. radial injection and admixture of non-combustible gases and / or water for arbitrary lowering of the high temperature of the Hypersonic gas jet, which flows through the retrofitted mixing chamber from the combustion chamber (primary chamber).
  • a mixing chamber with e.g. radial injection and admixture of non-combustible gases and / or water for arbitrary lowering of the high temperature of the Hypersonic gas jet, which flows through the retrofitted mixing chamber from the combustion chamber (primary chamber).
  • the advantage of the coating technology of the invention is u.a. It is based on the fact that practically all pulverulent spray additives can be processed in the melting point range 100-2000 ° C.
  • the controllable choice of the mixing ratios between gaseous and liquid fuels with oxidizing gases can be used to set a hypersonic, over-stoichiometric or hypochromic HVOF flame as required become.
  • the low-temperature high-speed flame spraying system according to the invention is controlled by a so-called "mass flow meter", so that with increasing backpressure in the combustion chamber by expanding coolant additions to the outlet opening of the combustion chamber, the flow rate of the gaseous or liquid fuels with oxidizing gases to a previously set value can be held. Faults in the control are indicated acoustically and / or visually by the Mass Flow Meter.
  • controllable amounts and controllable adjustable inflow pressures and / or - temperatures of non-combustible gases and / or water in the "HyperKinetic gas jet" whose beam temperature and its kinetic energy can be flexibly adapted to the respective requirements. Due to the specific training in the field of powder feed into the device system, it is possible to work with cost-effective, extreme low-pressure powder conveying systems.
  • a HVOF combustion system with at least one injector is provided, through which preferably finely atomized demineralized water can be separately conducted into the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion temperature could be arbitrarily lowered at tested fuel-oxygen combinations, without the flame went out in the combustion chamber.
  • the exiting from the combustion chamber, cooled, regulated gas jet is fed from one or more of the combustion chamber downstream radial powder injectors with spray powder and shot with very high kinetic energy at low Spritzpumbletempera-tur on the surface to be coated on which an optimally adhering , dense, oxide-free spray layer deposited from special powder with very high purity of copper, aluminum, zinc and stainless steel (316L) in Grain size range smaller than 25 microns and larger than 5 microns.
  • the inflow pressures of the finely atomized water are between about 3-> 15 bar.
  • HVOF standard TopGun burner with centric powder feed from the Heckanschlußflansches through the center of Gasmischblockitatis, the gas mixing block and the combustion chamber in the water-cooled expansion nozzle and frontally emerging as in the prior art are according to the invention by simple conversion, namely by the replacement of the central Verschl constitutikinserts in gas mixing block against a water injector with at least one or more diverging arranged injector holes and replacement of the combustion chamber with downstream expansion nozzle, intermediate andclassschraubhülse of the prior art against the invention corresponding components for radial powder injection with one or more Pulverinjektoren to low temperature HVOF coating system convertible.
  • the injector of the finely atomized water is provided with at least one axially or focussing in the mouth region to the combustion chamber, arranged fine atomizer nozzle bore.
  • At least one metal seal is provided between the housing of the combustion chamber and preferably an end face of a mixing block of the HVOF fuel system.
  • an additional device downstream, for low-temperature high-speed spraying of powder spray additives to a plasma torch corresponding to the prior art is arranged to mount a chamber, for. B. as a mixing or cooling chamber, an injection system for water or non-combustible gases in the chamber, injectors for powdery spray additives and a chamber downstream expansion nozzle has.
  • the additional device according to the invention is flexible and inexpensive to adapt to virtually all known plasma torch, with radial or centric feeding device, for thermal spraying of powdery materials.
  • the assembly of the auxiliary device according to the invention with known plasma torches allows the spraying of highly reactive powdered spray additives in a "hyperkinetics low-temperature high-speed plasma jet, and thereby produces sprayed layer qualities with extremely low oxygen contents and excellent adhesion to the substrate surface, with excellent density of the sprayed layer and optimal Interparticle adhesion, as previously possible only by vacuum plasma spraying.
  • the plasma jet temperature is arbitrary, adjustable lowered outside the plasma torch without lowering the preset performance data and values such.
  • ignition voltage, current and plasma gas quantities with simultaneous arbitrary increase in the plasma jet speed to> 1000 m / sec.
  • the plasma coating technique of the present invention is applicable to the aerospace industry for coating turbine blades of gas turbines, the chemical industry, paper mills, in the printing press industry and others.
  • the plasma coating technique according to the invention is applicable in the field of modern medical technology, for. B. for coating applications such as titanium implants u. or CrNi steel and other carrier materials.
  • a plasma burner having a cathode and an anode is provided with a front plate with a central outlet bore, from which the high-energy plasma jet emerges and opens into the cylindrical annular space (cooling space) of the additional device according to the invention ,
  • At least one replaceable injector of the injection system is provided, through which finely atomized, demineralized water can be fed into the chamber.
  • the injectors for powdery spray additives are connected downstream of the at least one injector of the injection system.
  • replaceable injection nozzles of different nozzle bore diameters are provided for the at least one injector of the injection system.
  • the junction area of the plasma jet provided at very high set power, in the cylindrical chamber (mixing chamber) with an inner wall of a copper-cast, dimensionally processed tungsten profile part.
  • access and outlet connections for cooling water of an additional, independent of the cooling circuit of the plasma torch own cooling system are provided on the additional device.
  • the gas jet flowing from the cylindrical chamber or mixing chamber into the downstream, optionally cylindrical, conical and / or laval nozzle-shaped expansion nozzle, lowered to its setpoint temperature is composed of at least two injectors arranged radially or at an angle between approximately 45 ° and 90 ° of the mixing chamber orifice charged with the corresponding powdery spray additive, which is heated in the gas jet to its temperature, accelerated and shot with the kinetic energy of the gas jet to the substrate surface.
  • the additional device according to the invention for adapting to plasma torches is designed in terms of material, functional components and in their dimensions so that sufficient reliability of the burner system, at sufficiently high inflow of gaseous and / or liquid cooling media, such.
  • the additional device according to the invention for plasma torches for low-temperature high-speed flame spraying allows the retrofitting, or modification of the prior art plasma torch systems by retrofitting an additional device with a mixing chamber with z.
  • the advantage of the coating technology of the invention is u.a. It is based on the fact that virtually all pulverulent spray additives in the melting point range 200 -> 2000 ° C can be processed inexpensively and flexibly.
  • a high speed flame spray gun 10 includes a port 9 for introducing gaseous and liquid fuel operating media which are supplied to the port 9 under high pressure.
  • a port 9 for introducing gaseous and liquid fuel operating media which are supplied to the port 9 under high pressure.
  • liquid fuel such as.
  • gaseous Fuel such as.
  • hydrogen As hydrogen
  • oxidizing gas such as.
  • air or oxygen passed.
  • Terminal 9 is bordered on the outer periphery and on a flat end surface 12 gas and liquid-tight in a mouthpiece 4.
  • a combustion chamber housing 6 is flanged with a seal.
  • the combustion chamber housing 6 contains a combustion chamber 8 and then to the combustion chamber 8, an expansion nozzle 13. Radially at the expansion nozzle 13 nozzles 7 are provided for the injection of spray additives.
  • Mouthpiece 4 is flat on the flat end face 12 of terminal 9 and gas and liquid-tight. Through a central bore 14 in mouthpiece 4, the needle-shaped injection nozzle 11 protrudes a small distance beyond an end face 19 of the mouthpiece 4 out into the combustion chamber 8. Coaxial with the channels 2 are provided in the mouthpiece 4 connecting holes 15 with a narrower cross-section. Channels 3 open into a chamber 16 between the outer circumference of the terminal 9 and mouthpiece 4. Holes 17 in mouthpiece 4 connect chamber 16 to the combustion chamber 8. The piece of the needle-shaped injection nozzle 11 projecting beyond the end face 19 of the mouthpiece 4 into the combustion chamber 8 is in FIG Operation preferably glowing hot, so that the passing kerosene is vaporized and gaseous flows into the combustion chamber 8.
  • the high speed flame spraying gun 10 may be mounted in a periphery similar to that of FIG DE 197 32 815.6 equivalent.
  • the revelation of DE 197 32 815.6 is incorporated in full in the present description.
  • the individual channels can be variably charged with different fuels.
  • Fig. 2 Corresponding features are indicated by the reference numerals Fig. 1 Mistake.
  • the end face 19 of the mouthpiece 4 has on concentric rings, the holes 17, the connection holes 15 and the central bore 14.
  • a low-temperature high-velocity flame spraying system is supplied at port 3 cooling water at an inflow pressure> 8 bar.
  • the cooling water passes through the channels 9, 21 via the radial bores 27 in the cooling water annulus 18, which is formed by the intermediate sleeve 19 and the outer wall of the expansion nozzle 23, - then flows through the annulus, the is formed by the intermediate sleeve 19 and the secondary chamber outer wall 16, to finally flow out via an outflow bore, which is connected to the port 47. Due to the above-described cooling water management all functional parts exposed to the operating temperature are optimally cooled by the combustion chamber 30 during operation.
  • oxidation gas (predominantly oxygen) is supplied to the connecting piece 1 via an upstream explosion protection device with integrated gas backflow protection at an inflow pressure> 5 bar and reaches via the distributor grooves 5 and an axial bore in the radial Sauerstoffverteilernute 11 of mixing block carrier 39. From here it passes through a plurality of axial channels in the annular space 35, and then in axial or focusing in the flow direction constricted Injektormischbohronne 48, 49 to arrive.
  • the highly accelerated oxygen streams flow through the filled with hydrogen as a fuel gas Injektorringkanal 34 which is fed via the connection 44 with upstream circuit breaker with integrated Gas Wegströmtechnisch by means of the feed channels 36 in the Injektorringraum 34 at an inflow> 8 bar, then at the front of the concentric around the Central hole arranged Injektormischbohronne 48 and 49 in the combustion chamber space 30 as premixed fuel gas / oxygen mixture (mainly hydrogen / oxygen mixture) einunden.
  • premixed fuel gas / oxygen mixture mainly hydrogen / oxygen mixture
  • the fuel gas-oxygen mixture is selected with respect to the mixing ratio so that stoichiometric combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 30 when the mixture is ignited.
  • the mixture of oxygen and fuel gas flows from the constricted exit bore 29 and flows through the mixing chamber 28, then to flow through the central outlet bore X of the mixing chamber 28 and finally exit as fuel gas-oxygen mixture from the lavaldüsenförmig formed expansion nozzle bore 26 frontally, where the fuel gas Oxygen mixture is ignited electrically.
  • the inflow pressure for fuel gas and oxygen is selected so that the ignition speed of the fuel gas-oxygen mixture exiting the expansion nozzle orifice is higher than the outflow velocity of the fuel gas-oxygen mixture, so that the flame ignites back into the combustion chamber 30.
  • the inflow pressures for both operating gases, fuel gas and oxygen in a predetermined time interval of z. B. raised to the desired values for 5 sec, so that from the output hole 29, a hypersonic flame jet with a temperature> 2.600 ° C is formed, which flows through the mixing chamber 28 at very high speed to get into the expansion nozzle bore 26 via the central outflow bore X and exit at the front.
  • the spray powder feed into the "HyperKinetic gas jet" via two or more radially to the beam direction, arranged between the outflow hole X and the expansion nozzle bore Y injectors 22 in the expanded diameter expansion nozzle bore 26 in the HyperKinetic gas jet, in which the powder is heated to the gas jet temperature and with the kinetic energy of the hyper kinetic gas jet of> 1,000 m / sec. is shot onto the substrate surface to form a virtually oxide-free, dense sprayed layer with excellent interparticle adhesion and excellent bonding to the base material.
  • the central bore 45 can be used to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber 30.
  • the measurement data thus determined are digitally displayed via a process control (not shown) and u. a. used as parameter for process control.
  • a high-speed, conventional kerosene-fueled flame-spraying system for upgrading to the low-temperature, high-velocity flame-spraying system, has opposed non-combustible gas injectors A1, which are mountable with an insert 2 to an end cross-section 37 of the known high-speed flame-spraying system.
  • the use 2 forms after a passage, a mixing chamber X to an expansion nozzle 5 with an injection system B2 for Pulverinjektoren. 4
  • the low-temperature high-speed flame spraying system Prior to commissioning, the low-temperature high-speed flame spraying system is supplied with cooling water at an inlet pressure> 5 bar at an inlet connection of approx. 16 - 20 ° C inlet temperature.
  • Combustion chamber 36 and flange nut 13 form a cooling water annulus.
  • the cooling water passes through channels between a water jacket 1 and an intermediate sleeve 3 to the outlet mouth of the expansion nozzle 5, - then flows through a plurality of radial bores in the intermediate sleeve 3 and cools the wall of the expansion nozzle 5, the wall of the cylindrical mixing chamber X with the injectors A1 for non-combustible, cold gas.
  • the cooling water cools the outer wall 36 of the combustion chamber and an oxygen-kerosene mixture block 17 to finally exit via channels from the connecting piece 34 via a hose line to an external cooling system (not shown). Due to the cooling water guide described above, the cooling water heats up to over 60 ° C. Combustion chamber 36 is optimally cooled during operation. In the external cooling system of the circuit, the cooling water is cooled to 16 - 20 ° C before it is fed back into the connecting piece 33. After the cooling system of the low-temperature high-speed flame-spraying system is activated, the kerosene-oxygen mixture is ignited with a special spark plug 49 protruding into the combustion chamber 36.
  • Oxygen is supplied at an inflow pressure> 8 bar via connecting pieces 27 and passes via concentric around the central bore of the nozzle carrier 20 arranged axial bores and radial-axial pressure equalization chambers for oxygen and kerosene via a plurality of axially or focusing arranged in the flow direction bores in the combustion chamber 36th ,
  • Kerosene is fed via the port 26 by means of a fuel pump with an inflow> 8 bar and passes via the radial-axial pressure compensation chamber of the nozzle carrier 20 via concentrically arranged axially around the central bore of the nozzle carrier 20 channels in at least four atomizer holes of the mixing block 17, which on a inner pitch concentrically focusing around the central bore 20 are arranged with special spark plug 49 and open into the combustion chamber 36.
  • the finely atomized kerosene is mixed with the oxygen and ignited.
  • the resulting during the combustion of the kerosene oxygen mixture high-speed flame flows through the central outlet bore of the combustion chamber 36 and the mixing chamber X with at least 2 injectors A1 for non-combustible gas and then enters the area of the injection system B2 for Pulverinjektoren 4 of the injector-shaped, water-cooled expansion nozzle 5, where the flame escapes from the front.
  • the respective inflow pressures for the kerosene and the oxygen are raised to the setpoint values greater than 8 bar and the mixing ratio is selected so that a stoichiometric combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 36 when the mixture is ignited.
  • the combustion chamber pressure increases to values greater than 8 to greater than 20 bar.
  • the extreme gas expansion during combustion leads to a hypersonic gas jet, with a gas jet temperature of about 2 600 - 2 900 ° C from the narrowed central bore of the water-cooled combustion chamber 36, the mixing chamber X, and by the cylindrical or lavaldüsenförmig formed expansion nozzle bore. 5 emerges on the front side.
  • the injectors A1 can be used to introduce nonflammable gases with any desired inflow pressures and quantities into the cylindrical mixing chamber X into the high-energy Hypersonic flame jet in order to lower it to the desired temperature.
  • the cooled "HyperKinetic gas jet” now has the desired temperature and flows through the central outflow hole X, to then flow through the expansion nozzle bore 5 and the front side with high kinetic jet velocity of> 1,000 m / sec. withdraw.
  • the spray powder feed into the "HyperKinetic gas jet" via two or more radially to the beam direction between the outlet bore X and the expansion nozzle bore 5 arranged injectors "B2" in the expansion nozzle 5 in the "HyperKinetic gas jet” in which the powder is heated to the gas jet temperature and with the kinetic energy of the "HyperKinetic gas jet” of> 1,000 m / sec. is shot onto the substrate surface to form a super-dense, oxide-free, sprayed layer with excellent interparticle adhesion and excellent bonding to the base material.
  • An alternative high speed flame spray burner 50 has an outer screw sleeve 1, a socket 6 and a device housing 16.
  • a connecting piece 28 an oxidizing gas connection piece 26, a fuel connection piece 27 and cooling water connections 33, 34 are provided on a device connection flange 25.
  • Device connection flange 25 is screwed to the device housing 16.
  • the device housing 16 contains a mixing block 17 for mixing the operating media, namely liquid fuels with at least one oxidation gas, preferably oxygen.
  • a union nut 18 abuts axially against a radially outer stop of the mixing block 17 and holds the mixing block 17 against a mixing block carrier 20 which is arranged coaxially in the device connection flange 25 and in the device housing 16.
  • a distributor plate 22 is provided for the operating components.
  • annular channel 60 for liquid fuels, in particular kerosene, is arranged.
  • an expansion nozzle tube 5 Coaxial with the expansion chamber 36 is an expansion nozzle tube 5. Coaxially with expansion nozzle tube 5, in the outer screw sleeve 1, an intermediate sleeve 3 surrounds the expansion nozzle tube 5 as a delimitation between the cooling water supply and return. The outer screw sleeve 1 is screwed to an outer threaded sleeve 6.
  • a press nut 11 is screwed onto a thread in the device housing 16 and holds the Theschraubsteckhülse 6 in the device housing 16.
  • Theschraubsteckhülse 6 is located on a flange nut 13 for the attachment of the combustion chamber 36 at. Flange nut 13 is screwed into device housing 16.
  • nozzles 65, 66 are screwed, which open with their nozzle heads into the interior of the expansion nozzle tube 5. Through the nozzles 65, 66, the spray additives are injected into the Hypersonicflammstrahl in the expansion nozzle.
  • the for assembly The nozzles 65, 66 required adjustment between holisticschraubsteckhggse 6 and expansion nozzle tube 5 by means of cylindrical pins 38th
  • the alternative high speed flame spray burner 50 is ignited analogous to that for Fig. 3 described method, wherein the injection of demineralized water by injector 53 into the combustion chamber 36 is preferably carried out only after stable combustion state in the combustion chamber 36.
  • a plasma torch 6 includes a port 8 for introducing plasma gases, nitrogen, argon, etc., as well as plasma gas mixtures with hydrogen proportions.
  • a rear connection 5 with a cooling water inlet and power connection (minus pole) 7dewasser Weglauf- and power connector (plus pole) 9, flanged.
  • a tungsten cathode 3 and an anode 10 is arranged.
  • the cathode 10 has a flat end surface, with a central access bore for the plasma jet (plasma flame).
  • the transferring plasma arc is drawn. Due to the constriction of the anode 10, the plasma gas expanding through the highly heated tungsten cathode 3 is greatly accelerated and thereby obtains outflow velocities of the order of magnitude of up to> 800 m / sec.
  • the plasma torch is first supplied with cooling water at port 7 at an inflow pressure> 5 bar.
  • the cooling water passes through channels, radial bores and cooling water annuli of the plasma torch to the cooling water outlet port 9.
  • all operating temperature exposed functional parts are optimally cooled by the combustion chamber between the cathode 3 and anode 10 during operation.
  • a Hf current is first supplied to the terminal 7 and the terminal 9 and a pilot arc between the negatively poled tungsten cathode 3 and the positively poled copper anode 10 is ignited.
  • plasma gas is simultaneously passed through the terminal 8 from the cathode 3 and the anode 10 and thereby ionized, ie made electrically conductive, then the main current is turned on by the sequencer, which is connected between the negatively polarized cathode 3 and the positive polarity
  • Anode 10 flowing, ionized plasma gas from the cathode 3 to the anode 10 skips so that there is an extreme expansion of the plague gas and the high-energy arc burning between the cathode 3 and the anode 10 is blown out of the central bore, so that a bright-luminescent plasma flame is produced.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrated plasma torch for low-temperature high-speed flame spraying system.
  • An injection system with powder injectors 20 for pulverulent spray additives opens into a mixing chamber X, to which an expansion nozzle 29 connects with a central outlet bore of the auxiliary device 1
  • the plasma torch 6 is turned on by generating a high-energy arc between the tungsten cathode 3 and the copper anode 10, whereby the extremely expanding plasma gas flowing between the cathode 3 and the anode 10 is blown from the plasma burner 6 at the end and via the central bore 13 of the attachment flange 11 of the auxiliary device 1 passes into the cylindrical annular space of the mixing chamber 28.
  • the plasma jet temperature is at this time, depending on the set current and plasma gas used> 5000 degrees K.
  • the inner wall of the central bore 13 is made of a tungsten profile part 14, which is encapsulated for reasons of thermal engineering with copper and then machined to measure.
  • cooling water at an inlet temperature of about 18 ° C first flows through the cooling system of the plasma torch 6 and flows through cooling water channels 12 and the subsequent Radialkühlementringraum via radial / axial bores 25 in the front side arranged cooling water annulus 31, including the front of the fferver gleichdeckel 24 is formed with the central outlet bore 30.
  • the cooling water then flows at a temperature of max. 60 ° C via radially / axially disposed cooling water channels 26, radially arranged Verteilernute 27 and radially / axially disposed cooling water channels 31 back into the cooling water system of the plasma torch back to a Cooling block system, where it is cooled down again to about 18 degrees Celsius and the cooling circuit begins again.
  • the cooling system of the attachment can with access or exit ports for cooling water to the cooling water inlet 12 and cooling water return 32 (not shown) to an additional cooling circuit bez. Cooling block system can be connected.
  • the additional device 1 can also be designed so that it has its own, independent of the plasma torch to be adapted 6 cooling water circuit, with its own connections "cooling water inlet” 7 and “cooling water outlet” 9 and for the best possible cooling of the entire system 1, 6 by a separate cooling block system is powered.
  • At least one or more powder injectors 20 is sprayed radially, preferably in the grain size ranges -25 .mu.m + 10 .mu.m in the injector-like transition of the cylinder bore X in the expansion nozzle bore 29 in the lowered in its temperature, accelerated gas jet.
  • the spray powder particles are highly accelerated by the gas jet and heat during the residence time - ie from entering the gas jet to impinging on the substrate surface - to the preselected desired temperature, the gas jet temperature and speed is selected so that highly reactive spray additives, which is a very have high affinity for oxygen, do not oxidize during the coating process in the gas jet, ie do not absorb oxygen.
  • the spray powder particles located in the highly accelerated gas jet which is adapted to the process temperature, are shot onto the substrate surface with the high kinetic energy of the gas jet, where they plastically deform due to the extremely high impact energy, the impact energy of the spray particles being converted into heat energy, resulting in a very dense one , extremely low-pore, oxide-free sprayed layer leads with optimal connection to the base material.
  • FIG. 9 Corresponding features are indicated by the reference numerals FIG. 6 designated.
  • a so-called "Wills ring” formed C-shaped metal gasket 67 is provided between the housing of the combustion chamber 36 and an end face of the mixing block 17, for increased pressures and temperatures during operation of the high-speed flame spray burner 50th

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température pour l'extrusion thermique des matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses avec au moins un raccordement (1, 3, 9, 26, 27, 44) pour l'introduction des agents de service des carburants gazeux et liquids dans une chambre à combustion (30, 36), le raccordement étant formé tel que du carburant gazeux et liquid et du gaz d'oxidation puissent être amenés séparés dans la chambre à combustion (30, 36) et une buse d'expansion (5, 26), caractérisé en ce que en aval de la chambre à combustion (30, 36) est pourvu une chambre supplémentaire comme chambre de mélange (28, X) avec un système d'injection (2, 43, A1) pour des gaz incombustibles et/ou de l'eau, la température du jet de flamme hypersonic avec une température de gaz d'environ 1600 - 3165° C émanant de la chambre à combustion et affluant dans la chambre supplémentaire étant ajustable en bas par supplément des gaz incombustibles et/ou de l'eau avec une température de gaz correspondant à la température de prélèvement des bouteilles en acier, faisceau de bouteille ou unité de réservoir et en ce que au moins deux injecteurs (22) pour l'introduction des matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses et la buse d'expansion (5, 26) sont arrangés en aval de la chambre supplémentaire (28, X).
  2. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température pour l'extrusion thermique des matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses avec des caractéristiques de la préambule de la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que au moins un injecteur (53) est pourvu pour l'introduction separée de l'eau de préférence finement dispersée dans la chambre à combustion (30, 36), et en ce que au moins deux injecteurs (22) pour l'introduction des matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses et la buse d'expansion (5, 26) sont arrangés en aval de la chambre à combustion (30, 36).
  3. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le système d'injection (2, 43, A1) comprend au moins un canal d'arrivée positioné radial et/ou axial relatif à la direction d'écoulement par lequel les gaz incombustibles et/ou de l'eau peuvent être amenés avec des pressions d'arrivée réglables.
  4. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les gaz incombustibles sont argon, hélium, azote et gaz de formation, réglables en quantité et pression.
  5. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le jet de gaz refroidi à sa température prescrite de la chambre de mélange (28, X) affluant en aval dans la buse d'expansion (5, 26) formée au choix cylindrique, conique et/ou en forme de buse laval peut être chargé avec des correspondantes matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses par au moins deux injecteurs, arrangés radial ou avec un angle prescrit entre environ 45° à 90° en aval de la sortie de la chambre de mélange.
  6. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les pressions d'affluage des carburants gazeux et/ou liquids et des gaz incombustibles sont entre environ 5 → 20 bar et que les pressions de la chambre de mélange et de la chambre primaire sont dans la gamme pareille.
  7. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que à la finale section traversale d'un système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse sont pourvus des injecteurs (A1) opposés pour les gaz incombustibles qui peuvent être montés avec un insert du système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse, qui, en aval d'un passage, présent une chambre de mélange (X) à une buse d'expansion (5) avec un système d'injection B2 pour des injecteurs de poudre.
  8. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les matières d'extrusion supplémentaires, par exemple Cr-acier, CrNi-acier et les super alliages 'M-CrAIY' et des matières plastiques avec du fluor, comme par exemple teflon, halar et matières métalliques, carbidiques et/ou oxid-ceramiques, poudreuses avec des quotités des matières plastiques avec du fluor de > 5% - > 30% quotité en poids.
  9. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un Mass Flow Meter est pourvu qui règle avec une contrepression montante dans la chambre à combustion par des suppléments de réfrigérant augmentants en aval de la sortie la quantité d'écoulement des carburants gazeux et liquids avec gaz d'oxidation à une valeur préscrite d'avance.
  10. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que des irrégularités du réglage du Mass Flow Méter sont indiquées par voie acoustique et/ou optique.
  11. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les pressions d'affluage de l'eau deminéralisée, finement dispersée sont entre environ 3 → 15 bar.
  12. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (53) est pourvu au moins d'une buse pulvérisateur (52) arrangée axial ou focusé dans la section d'embouchure de la chambre à combustion (36).
  13. Système de projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un joint metallique (67) est pourvu entre la boite de la chambre à combustion (30, 36) et de préférence une surface plane frontal d'un bloc de mélange (17).
  14. Installation supplémentaire (1) pour projection à la flamme, à haute vitesse et à basse température des matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses, permettant le montage à un brûleur plasma, caractérisé en ce qu'une chambre supplémentaire comme chambre de mélange (28) avec un système d'injection (16) pour des gaz incombustibles et/ou de l'eau est pourvu, la température du jet de flamme hypersonic émanant de la chambre à combustion et affluant dans la chambre de mélange étant ajustable en bas par supplément des gaz incombustibles et/ou de l'eau, et en ce que au moins deux injecteurs (20) pour l'introduction des matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses et une buse d'expansion (5, 26) sont arrangés en aval de la chambre supplémentaire (28, X).
  15. Installation supplémentaire (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que au moins un injecteur remplaçable du système d'injection (16) est pourvu permettant l'alimentation de la chambre (28) avec de l'eau finement dispersée.
  16. Installation supplémentaire (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les injecteurs (20) pour les matières d'extrusion supplémentaires poudreuses sont arrangés en aval du au moins un injecteur du système d'injection (16).
  17. Installation supplémentaire (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que pour le au moins un injecteur remplaçable du système d'injection (16) sont pourvus des buses d'injection remplaçable avec des diamètres d'orifice de buse différents.
  18. Installation supplémentaire (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (28, X) est pourvue d'une paroi intérieure (14) d'un élément profilé à mesure, fondu avec du cuivre.
  19. Installation supplémentaire (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que des raccordements d'accès et de la sortie sont pourvus pour de l'eau à refroidissement d'une circulation frigorifique supplémentaire.
  20. Installation supplémentaire (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la circulation frigorifique supplémentaire peut être attachée à la circulation frigorifique du brûleur plasma.
EP03778244A 2002-11-19 2003-11-03 Systeme de projection a la flamme, a haute vitesse et a basse temperature Expired - Lifetime EP1603684B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10253794A DE10253794B4 (de) 2002-11-19 2002-11-19 Niedertemperatur Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzsystem
DE10253794 2002-11-19
DE10319608 2003-05-02
DE10319608 2003-05-02
DE10325432 2003-06-05
DE10325432 2003-06-05
PCT/DE2003/003641 WO2004045777A1 (fr) 2002-11-19 2003-11-03 Systeme de projection a la flamme, a haute vitesse et a basse temperature

Publications (2)

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EP1603684A1 EP1603684A1 (fr) 2005-12-14
EP1603684B1 true EP1603684B1 (fr) 2009-03-11

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EP (1) EP1603684B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE424932T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003285268A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE50311294D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004045777A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102151629A (zh) * 2011-04-11 2011-08-17 北京航空航天大学 脉动燃烧驱动的热细水雾生成方法及装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004046111A1 (de) * 2004-09-23 2006-04-06 Elringklinger Ag Verfahren zum Beschichten von Flachdichtungen
JP5098109B2 (ja) * 2005-03-28 2012-12-12 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 皮膜形成方法
JP5071706B2 (ja) * 2006-10-11 2012-11-14 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 Ｈｖｏｆ溶射装置
CH702999A1 (de) * 2010-04-29 2011-10-31 Amt Ag Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung von Substraten mittels Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen.
ES2952997T3 (es) 2018-06-22 2023-11-07 Molecular Plasma Group Sa Método y aparato mejorados para la deposición de revestimiento por chorro de plasma a presión atmosférica sobre un sustrato
CN113957376A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2022-01-21 中机凯博表面技术江苏有限公司 一种内孔双燃料超音速火焰喷枪及喷涂方法

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US5234164A (en) * 1990-05-22 1993-08-10 Utp Schweibmaterial Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for high speed flame spraying of refractory wire of powder weld filler for the coating of surfaces
US5330798A (en) * 1992-12-09 1994-07-19 Browning Thermal Systems, Inc. Thermal spray method and apparatus for optimizing flame jet temperature
US5405085A (en) * 1993-01-21 1995-04-11 White; Randall R. Tuneable high velocity thermal spray gun
US5834066A (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-11-10 Huhne & Kunzli GmbH Oberflachentechnik Spraying material feeding means for flame spraying burner
DE19905811A1 (de) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Erwin Huehne Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzkanone

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102151629A (zh) * 2011-04-11 2011-08-17 北京航空航天大学 脉动燃烧驱动的热细水雾生成方法及装置
CN102151629B (zh) * 2011-04-11 2013-05-01 北京航空航天大学 脉动燃烧驱动的热细水雾生成方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004045777A1 (fr) 2004-06-03
ATE424932T1 (de) 2009-03-15
EP1603684A1 (fr) 2005-12-14
AU2003285268A1 (en) 2004-06-15
DE50311294D1 (en) 2009-04-23
DE10394064D2 (de) 2005-10-06

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