EP1601417A1 - VERFAHREN ZUM BRAND- UND EXPLOSIONSSCHUTZ IN EINEM HOCHREGALLAGER F R CHEMISCHE GEFAHRSTOFFE UND BRAND- UND EXPLOSIONSGESCH&U uml;TZTES HOCHREGALLAGER - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUM BRAND- UND EXPLOSIONSSCHUTZ IN EINEM HOCHREGALLAGER F R CHEMISCHE GEFAHRSTOFFE UND BRAND- UND EXPLOSIONSGESCH&U uml;TZTES HOCHREGALLAGERInfo
- Publication number
- EP1601417A1 EP1601417A1 EP04717044A EP04717044A EP1601417A1 EP 1601417 A1 EP1601417 A1 EP 1601417A1 EP 04717044 A EP04717044 A EP 04717044A EP 04717044 A EP04717044 A EP 04717044A EP 1601417 A1 EP1601417 A1 EP 1601417A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- explosion
- warehouse
- atmosphere
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for fire and explosion protection in a high-bay warehouse for chemical hazardous substances and in particular highly flammable substances by means of an oxygen-reduced atmosphere and a corresponding fire and explosion-protected high-bay warehouse.
- Protection against fires in camps with flammable liquids is usually based on fighting a fire using conventional fire extinguishing systems such as sprinklers, low-expansion foam and " gas extinguishing systems, as well as firewalls including fire detection and water retention.
- conventional fire extinguishing systems such as sprinklers, low-expansion foam and " gas extinguishing systems, as well as firewalls including fire detection and water retention.
- Fire protection is understood to mean all measures aimed at preventing and fighting fires, and in particular measures that are taken to protect people from fire or the consequences of a fire (e.g. flue gases).
- a fire e.g. flue gases
- structures must be designed in such a way that the occurrence of a fire and the spread of fire and smoke are prevented, so that in the event of a fire, people and animals can be saved and effective extinguishing work is possible.
- a fire protection concept therefore includes a variety of measures that create the conditions for successful fire fighting by a fire brigade and limit the damage.
- Suitable measures include: a) Constructional measures (formation of fire sections due to fire-resistant room boundaries as well as fire-retardant or fire-resistant components (e.g. doors), execution of the building with suitable escape and Escape routes), b) technical measures (provision of suitable extinguishing agents that can possibly be used by automatic extinguishing systems (e.g. sprinkler systems), smoke and heat extraction systems) and c) organizational measures (carrying out the fire show, setting up alarms and Danger prevention plans, the execution of exercises, the instruction of people, the provision of fire security posts at work or events with a particular fire risk for people and
- a newer method of fire prevention is to lower the oxygen in the atmosphere of the camp necessary for the development and propagation of a fire (permanent inerting).
- the oxygen concentration is reduced to a level at which no fire can start or propagate due to a lack of oxygen.
- the damage caused by a fire such as. B. Fire water damage avoided.
- Explosion protection includes all measures to protect against the dangers of explosions. You will e.g. B. divided into a) Measures that form a dangerous explosive
- Prevent or restrict the atmosphere b) measures that prevent the ignition of dangerous explosive atmospheres, and c) measures that limit the effects of an explosion to a safe level.
- Measures according to b) include the avoidance of all types of ignition sources such. B. - open fire,
- explosion-proof devices e.g. encapsulated motors
- a high-bay warehouse for hazardous substances is known from the writing process engineering 36 (2002) No. 3, in which the Oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is reduced to prevent fire.
- the oxygen concentration in the storage area is reduced to below 15% by volume by feeding in nitrogen. This value is maintained by means of suitable monitoring and tracking or supply stop of nitrogen.
- This is possible because it is a fully automated warehouse and there are therefore no people in the warehouse area at all times.
- the warehouse is divided into two separate fire sections by means of a fire wall.
- this fire wall is provided with a passage for a storage and retrieval machine to enable fully automatic operation.
- this requires the use of a fire protection door, which is extremely large and therefore expensive due to the storage size of 67,000 m 3 .
- explosion protection there is nothing to be found in the document about explosion protection.
- VbF class AI and B substances The exact oxygen concentration or specific measures to protect against explosion are not described. Tests on highly flammable substances (VbF class AI and B substances) have shown that when highly flammable, organic solvents with a flame temperature of less than 21 ° C (VbF class AI and B substances) are stored, they ignite and continue to burn under an oxygen-reduced atmosphere at the age of 13 Vol.% Oxygen is not possible.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a method for both safe fire and explosion protection in a high-bay warehouse for chemical hazardous substances, in particular VbF substances of classes AI and B and to provide a corresponding high-bay warehouse, wherein an oxygen-reduced atmosphere is used, but the warehouse remains accessible without respiratory protection and is also structurally simple, ie ⁇ . B. can be carried out without fire compartments and without separate fire protection cladding.
- Fire and explosion protection is also achieved in the high-bay warehouse for chemical hazardous substances according to the invention and in particular VbF substances of classes AI and B, which has at least one device for. B. recirculation system to reduce the oxygen volume in the atmosphere of the camp by feeding a protective gas, in particular nitrogen, preferably to a value between 12.9 and 13.4 vol.%, At least one monitoring device for monitoring the oxygen volume in the atmosphere z. B. with the help of evenly distributed oxygen detectors in the warehouse, at least one recirculation system to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the oxygen-reduced atmosphere in the warehouse, at least one other monitoring device for monitoring the volume of solvent in the atmosphere with the help of solvent detectors, - at least one cleaning system for removing gaseous
- the lowering of the oxygen volume fraction according to the invention in particular to a value between 12.9 and 13.4 vol.%, Allows the camp to be walked on at any time without the need for respiratory protection.
- the fire protection effect is based on reducing the proportion of oxygen in the storage atmosphere to such an extent that a fire becomes impossible.
- the high-bay warehouse is therefore operated in an oxygen atmosphere of approx. 13 vol% residual oxygen. Under these conditions, fires cannot develop in the high-bay warehouse and registered fire cannot spread.
- the residual oxygen concentration must then correspond to the required values in every area of the high-bay warehouse, i.e. be homogeneously distributed.
- camp atmosphere is considered homogeneous, though
- the remaining 0 2 content is less than 13.2% by volume everywhere,
- the ventilation system is designed so that, theoretically, the entire warehouse atmosphere is circulated once at least every 2 34 hours (recirculation rate at least 0.4).
- Two recirculation systems integrated in the high-bay warehouse ensure homogeneous distribution of the internal clearance.
- the supply air is evenly distributed under the hall ceiling and sucked in again via suction channels in the floor area. Concentrations of solvent vapors in the floor area are suctioned off and diluted.
- the storage and retrieval machines also mix the storage atmosphere with their vertical and horizontal movements.
- the pure nitrogen is mixed with the storage air on the pressure side in the air recirculation channels, the mixing ratio of pure nitrogen to oxygen-reduced atmosphere is about 1/100.
- the product temperature in the high-bay warehouse must be between +5 and +30 ° C. If the internal air temperature is kept in this temperature range, it can be assumed that the product will not adopt any other temperature values. If it is nevertheless foreseeable that the air temperature range in the high-bay warehouse will be exceeded or undershot, heating or cooling devices can be connected, which can supply or remove the energy using heat exchangers integrated in the air recirculation system.
- the room temperature is measured in places where the highest temperature gradients are to be expected, i.e. under the roof and on the south facade of the high-bay warehouse. For this, e.g. 8 measuring points with resistance thermometers are provided.
- the display is in the building management system.
- the room temperature must always be between 5 and 30 ° C. If these values are exceeded, heating or cooling energy can be introduced from the outside using heat exchangers that are built into the air circulation ducts. For this purpose, mobile energy units can be placed on the outside of the high-bay warehouse and connected to the facade via couplings and pipes installed inside to the heat exchangers.
- the oxygen-reduced atmosphere is largely compared to the surrounding atmosphere with the normal oxygen concentration of 20.9 vol.% 0 2 to keep the balancing processes from outside to inside and vice versa as low as possible, ie the high-bay warehouse must be as tight as possible.
- the tightness of the building also depends on the weather conditions. Air pressure, wind force, temperature,
- the influence of external conditions on the building envelope can be tested using standardized methods.
- the resulting leak rate is calculated by applying a constant overpressure or underpressure in the building.
- the level of the leak rate provides information about the minimum amount of nitrogen to be replenished in the warehouse. This minimum nitrogen quantity could be sensibly estimated with tests on a sample hall on a scale of 1:10.
- the construction of the airtight building envelope includes: - a base plate and building base with inserted plastic sealing membrane HDPE,
- Element joints and joints to the base of the building are covered with an airtight plastic sealing membrane and stored mechanically.
- a roof surface made of non-combustible trapezoidal steel sheets with mineral wool insulation (melting point greater than 1000 ° C) and airtight welded plastic sealing membrane taped over and stored mechanically.
- the ventilation technology for air circulation in the high-bay warehouse is located on a stage in the high-bay warehouse itself, so that the fire wall does not have to be penetrated for this.
- oxygen inputs into the high-bay warehouse are associated with the storage and retrieval processes:
- packaging is to be understood as packaging as cardboard boxes, wound tinplate ballages and the like.
- the atmosphere in the high-bay warehouse is influenced by:
- the building due to weather conditions such as air pressure, wind strength, temperature, solar radiation
- the number of lock operations c) the number of registered load carriers, eg cardboard boxes.
- the amount of nitrogen or nitrogen / air mixture is therefore not constantly supplied, but varies depending on the external conditions and the way the warehouse is operated. If the high-bay warehouse is busy, the greater number of lock activities can also lead to an increased oxygen input. These influences only gradually become noticeable in the storage atmosphere due to the large storage space volume.
- the pure, or already, premixed nitrogen can be added:
- Oxygenation / nitrogen loss is to be expected, e.g. near the locks,
- Oxygen input due to the partial pressure drop due to the partial pressure drop. Enrichments of oxygen are kept within the permitted tolerances at every point of the high-bay warehouse. Possible oxygen inputs must be quickly compensated. This requires a quick detection of the deviations from the target state.
- sensors are evenly distributed in the high-bay warehouse.
- the oxygen content is extracted through vertically installed suction pipes that are attached to the shelves. There are several intake openings distributed over the height in the intake pipes.
- the measurement is carried out redundantly via two parallel sensor heads.
- One sensor head measures the oxygen content permanently, the other sensor is switched on at defined time intervals and compares the two measured values for a possible deviation.
- a sensor If a sensor is defective, the defect is recognized by comparing the two sensors and a fault is reported. If more than two sensors fail, the system is switched off.
- paramagnetic 0 2 measuring devices are used as sensors, 16 measuring points being switched serially, ie one after the other, to an analyzer device.
- the analysis air is sucked in.
- the residence time of a Q 2 measuring point on the analyzer is 30s.
- the measured value is updated every 8 minutes.
- the analyzer devices are preferably calibrated automatically once a day with high-precision test gases.
- suction openings are arranged across the entire area and distributed over three levels.
- suction openings are provided.
- the 0 2 analyzer devices are preferably installed outside the high-bay warehouse, for example in a control cabinet.
- the analyzers preferably have a common reference point in the area of the entrance door to the high-bay warehouse. This means an arrangement in which a 0 2 measuring point of each analyzer device detects the same measuring point. A 2 out of 3 evaluation of these 0 2 measuring points is then carried out, in which at least two measured values must lie within a defined range. If the measured values lie outside this range, this is taken as an indication of an incorrect measurement and these measured values are not taken into account.
- the regulation of the oxygen concentration in the high-bay warehouse takes place in that nitrogen is fed into the high-bay warehouse depending on the measured oxygen concentrations.
- the amount of nitrogen is continuously adjusted depending on the analog output signal of a PID controller by means of a control valve.
- the controller is preferably designed as a software module.
- the arithmetic mean of 48 individual measurements of the O 2 concentration is used as the control variable.
- the command variable is fixed and is set to 13.1 vol% O 2 .
- the analog measured value signals of the analyzer devices are also monitored for exceeding or falling below the above alarm limits. Each O 2 measuring point is monitored and evaluated and alarmed accordingly. The arithmetic mean is not used for the alarm.
- the passenger access door to the high-bay warehouse is automatically locked and shut-off valves in a nitrogen supply line are activated by direct control from a programmable logic controller (PLC).
- PLC programmable logic controller
- a fail-safe PLC in the sense of the European standard IEC 61511 is used.
- the alarming of the personal protection limit, the shutoff of the nitrogen supply and the locking of the access door are implemented as a class A protection function. If there is a total power failure, there are no longer any ignition sources in the warehouse and access is blocked, the people in the warehouse are prompted by radio to immediately leave the warehouse.
- the control of the nitrogen valves is switched off, the valves close and interrupt the nitrogen supply.
- An external feed takes place after max. 30 minutes of power supply from an emergency generator, such as the factory fire department.
- the 0 2 measurements and the 0 2 control are also resumed.
- the analysis system for oxygen can also be equipped with an infrared gas filter correlation sensor for carbon monoxide.
- the measuring range is preferably set to 0 to 100 ppm CO, so that traces of carbon monoxide can be reliably detected.
- Monitoring for CO is carried out across the board in the same way as the oxygen measurement described above. If the limit is exceeded, an alarm is given in the building management system.
- the measurement which is used to protect the personnel of the high-bay warehouse, which is normally operated without personnel, takes place locally at locations where Persons entering the high-bay warehouse and who are at immediate risk:
- control deviation there is, for example, + -0.125 vol.%.
- a narrow control deviation is desired for reasons of personal protection.
- Illuminated display panels on the access doors indicate the reduced oxygen content in the high-bay warehouse.
- the current oxygen content can also be read off.
- the nitrogen introduction is increased via a valve with PID control characteristics and regulated to approximately 13.1 vol% oxygen content.
- Alarms are reported to the building management system, which is constantly occupied. If the alarms are not acknowledged within 15 minutes, this is done forwarding via the fire alarm system as a collective alarm to the plant fire brigade. However, alarms do not always lead to a shutdown.
- the nitrogen is produced using a nitrogen generation system (e.g. membrane system) and brought to the building via an appropriately protected pipeline or generated on site.
- the plant continuously delivers nitrogen in the required quality and quantity.
- the delivery is constantly regulated and monitored via area valves.
- the following can serve as a monitoring device:
- the constant availability is guaranteed by a further nitrogen evaporator system that can be operated without electricity as a backup system.
- the nitrogen is fed into the supply network with the same quality.
- the quantities ensure the supply of nitrogen (possibly also for the rest of the plant):
- the delivery is secured by a contractual agreement with the nitrogen supplier.
- the delivery agreement includes the weekend. This corresponds to the usual practice at gas suppliers.
- the level of liquid nitrogen in the backup evaporator system is also displayed in the fire department's control center. If the minimum quantity is undershot, appropriate measures are initiated.
- the entire system is secured against external influences by a fence, the liquid gas tank is equipped with a collision protection.
- the backup system is put into operation instead of the primary nitrogen generation system at certain times of the year.
- the entire system should remain secure in the long term.
- the system can only be restarted after the planned operating status has been reached.
- the system can only be restarted after the planned operating status has been reached. Corresponding repair material is kept in stock.
- the air recirculation mode is partially maintained via a second fan.
- the storage air of solvent z. B. be cleaned by means of a cleaning system (z. B. activated carbon).
- the clearance is also at z. B. 24 locations of the high-bay warehouse near the floor are checked for solvents using suitability-tested devices.
- the storage area is in areas with a side length of z. B. each divided about 15 * 15 m.
- the suction takes place via a pipe perforated on one side, which is attached over the diagonal of the respective surface.
- the grid is captured as completely as possible.
- FID flame ionization detectors
- the ventilation system continues to operate.
- the solvent-laden room air can be released or cleaned outside in a safe place via a partial flow of the circulating air in an already installed duct. At the same time, a partial stream of fresh nitrogen may be added.
- the warehouse consists of the automatic high-bay warehouse according to the invention and in addition a picking and loading zone and a social and office area arranged on a partial area of the picking and loading zone. Permanent jobs have been set up in the latter two areas; normal atmospheric conditions prevail here, ie approx. 21 vol.% oxygen.
- the warehouse is intended for approx. 30,500 pallet spaces, in which a total of 12,600 tons of goods that are essentially ready for dispatch can be stored.
- the stored goods are essentially divided into 3,100 t of VbF substances of hazard classes AI, A II and B as well as approx.
- the picking zone spatially separated from it, the loading station for forklifts and the machine store, extends in an L-shaped arrangement with its main part over an area of 162 x 33 m and an adjacent extension with 58 x 25 m and thus covers an area of approx . 6796 m 2 .
- a technical area is located in the basement below the picking and loading zone on an area of approx. 800 m 2 and takes installations for the house connection (gas, water, electrical) as well as the special technical equipment for the sprinkler system and the nitrogen generation technology for the permanent oxygen reduction Creation of the high-bay warehouse. This area has its own independent access directly from the outside.
- the loading yard is on the
- the nitrogen supply can also be external and the supply can take place via secured lines.
- the load-bearing components of the high-bay warehouse can be realized as a whole unprotected steel construction, since a fire cannot occur due to oxygen reduction.
- the shelving system is constructed in a self-supporting and stiffening manner (steel construction).
- the facades and roof structures are attached to the shelving system.
- the high-bay storage facility has a collecting tray with a height of approx. 1.30 m.
- the media-resistant seal consists of an HDPE plastic sealing membrane. This is followed by a steel sandwich wall formation up to the level of order picking and a horizontally arranged industrial glazing in the upper area.
- the load-bearing components of the two-story picking area with the office and social wing located on it are constructed in reinforced concrete of fire resistance class F 90 in accordance with DIN 4102.
- the floor ceiling of the office and social wing is designed as an open, at least fire-resistant reinforced concrete pane.
- the single-storey area of the picking and loading zone is provided with reinforced concrete columns and steel girders on top as a roof structure.
- the roof structure is made using trapezoidal sheet steel elements, a non-combustible thermal insulation on top and a foil seal.
- the consistent use of non-combustible building materials is planned for the construction.
- the high-bay storage facility and the logistics building are effectively separated from each other in terms of fire protection by designing a fire wall in accordance with BauO NRW and DIN 4102 and are accordingly identified as separate fire compartments. However, the high-bay warehouse itself is built without fire compartments.
- This fire wall is led up to 5 m above the roof of the picking and loading zone and horizontally 7 m above the inner corners.
- the wall of the west side of the picking zone is also led up to a distance of 30 m from the inner corners between the two structures in fire resistance class F 90-A by bricking out the fields formed by the reinforced concrete columns.
- the roof of the logistics building is designed to be fire-resistant in an area of 18 m adjacent to the high-bay storage facility (fire resistance class F 90-A).
- the roof area is thus manufactured to a significantly greater depth in front of the rising east high-bay wall, as well as the entire length of the fire wall described above or its extension, in fire resistance class F 90-A, thereby transmitting fire to the high-bay warehouse to be protected effectively prevented.
- the outer walls of the high-bay warehouse are designed to be non-combustible in the area above the fire wall and - in the area up to a distance of 30 m from the inner corner with the picking zone in the event of a full fire in the picking zone.
- a facing shell made of concrete elements is used.
- the heat radiation that acts there in the event of a full fire in the picking zone is dissipated by water covering the described outer wall areas.
- This sprinkler system can be activated automatically when the sprinkler system is triggered in the picking area, and is therefore very safe from false triggering.
- a manual trigger point can be provided.
- the warehouse in shelf-supported silo construction is operated unmanned using 11 storage and retrieval machines. While the picking and loading zone is to be protected as an extinguishing system using conventional sprinkler technology with the addition of film-forming foam, the high-bay warehouse is designed to protect the intended storage heights and the stored goods in the form of permanent oxygen reduction to prevent fire.
- the camp is accessed via numerous doors and gates in the surrounding walls. About the necessary from the point of view of Access doors required for escape routes are installed in the western outer wall of the commissioning zone in the extensions of the fire wall for exploration and fire-fighting. Access to the office and social wing is via an external staircase that complies with the building regulations and another necessary staircase as a second footpath that can be reached on foot. The entire property is free-standing and can be bypassed by fire-fighting vehicles and is surrounded by a security zone in which no other buildings are located.
- the high-bay warehouse is used to store finished goods.
- a total of 12,600 t of finished goods are planned, of which max. 3,100 t VbF products and max. 6,400 1 other flammable liquids the powder coatings based on polyester to be stored in the high-bay warehouse are flammable substances which, due to their flowability, can form explosive mixtures that can be ignited in fine distribution in air (see above).
- the maximum storage height is approx. 30 m (top edge of storage goods).
- the high rack is operated fully automatically, which in turn means that this is only used for maintenance and repair purposes. However, access to the high-bay warehouse must be guaranteed at all times.
- the storage, retrieval and picking of the products takes place via the upstream picking and loading zone. Goods are delivered from the factory via a gate on the south side of the picking and loading area. The products arrive at the high-bay warehouse via a functional area with sorting and order picking devices and the associated locks, or are transferred from there, picked, packed and loaded into trucks or forwarded to rail shipping.
- the combustion system consists of the necessary requirements of various types. On the one hand, these are the material requirements of fuel and oxygen. If these are present in a favorable quantitative ratio required for the combustion, the combustion reaction can take place through further energetic requirements of ignition energy or minimum combustion temperature.
- the reduced oxygen content directly hinders the entry or exit of the combustion reaction, so that a condition is permanently established which corresponds to the condition of a room after an extinguishing system has been triggered.
- the extinguishing concentration of the fire extinguishing agent must not only be reached, but must also be maintained for a sufficiently long period of time to be able to extinguish a fire effectively. This requirement applies to all fire classes, because a permanent ignition source such as an arc or a deep fire can lead to a resuscitation of the initial event after the extinguishing agent has been used up.
- the hold time must be at least 10 minutes and at the end of the hold time the extinguishing agent concentration must still be at least the effective extinguishing concentration.
- the concentration of the extinguishing agent may therefore drop from the nominal concentration to the extinguishing concentration during the holding time of at least 10 minutes.
- Another advantage of an oxygen-reduced room is that the holding time to be provided when planning a gas extinguishing system for the extinguishing gas concentration to be set in an inerted building is particularly long due to the special tightness of the building envelope.
- Nitrogen has been used in the chemical industry for a long time for inerting fire or explosion hazardous processes. For example, when inerting tanks and pipelines, silos or pit fires. The oxygen concentration in a storage room can thus be reduced to such a level that a fire can no longer occur.
- oxygen reduction has the great advantage over conventional protection methods that a fire that must first be recognized by other techniques in order to then fight it cannot occur in the rooms protected in this way.
- the advantages of oxygen reduction compared to other fire protection systems can be detailed as follows.
- sprinkler systems cannot completely prevent the fire, a fire and subsequent smoke damage, as well as water damage from the use of the extinguishing agent, can also be expected on furnishings and storage items not affected by the fire itself.
- Sprinkler systems can fail if the rate of fire propagation exceeds the expected level and the effective area described in the design rule for the sprinkler systems is exceeded. This is to be feared in the case of high rack storage, particularly when protecting the storage of flammable liquids.
- the sprinkler statistics of the non-life insurers also show the following causes of failure: errors in the water supply, errors in the alarm valve station, sabotage, system not ready for operation, poor design, failure of spatial separation.
- Fire alarm systems are suitable facilities to detect a fire and to warn people who are present, if necessary to ask for your own extinguishing attempt and the fire brigade summon. Only then can the fire be explored by the fire department and then combated.
- Openings that were not recorded during the planning of the extinguishing system limit the reliability of the extinguishing system due to inadmissible outflow of the extinguishing agent or too rapid access to atmospheric oxygen.
- Extinguishing gas passing through openings in neighboring rooms can be there
- nitrogen is non-toxic and therefore environmentally friendly. Because fires cannot occur in an oxygen-reduced protection area, there are no fire products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or other environmental toxins. There is also no fire debris and there is no need to retain extinguishing agents. In comparison with sprinkler systems, the oxygen reduction is largely independent of design parameters, which have to be selected very differently for sprinkler systems.
- Residual oxygen content in the area to be protected continuously monitored and the effectiveness of room protection is guaranteed at all times.
- Another great advantage of protecting a high-bay warehouse by reducing oxygen is that fire protection is guaranteed for a very long time even if nitrogen production fails due to the hermetic seal of the building, whereas damage is repeatedly reported in buildings with conventional extinguishing systems the extinguishing systems were not ready for operation due to maintenance work or serious operating errors.
- the stored goods delivered on pallets are subjected to a contour check in order to identify deviations from the nominal dimensions and possibly tilted packages. This prevents packages from bumping, falling and causing leakage. Furthermore, a measurement for organic solvent vapors released from the package as well as smoke detection is carried out. To increase reliability, this detection takes place within a detection tunnel. Only after this have the tested goods been approved for storage in the high-bay warehouse without any complaints.
- the warehouse will also be equipped with a conventional fire alarm system.
- Fire detectors of the smoke parameter are used in the area of order picking, offices and some other rooms that need special protection.
- the use of fire detection technology is limited to the areas in which detection makes sense. These are the switchgear and the switching devices traveling on the storage and retrieval machines. The further. Equipping the high-bay warehouse with
- Fire detection devices are not necessary, since a fire that can trigger a conventional smoke detector according to EN 54-7 is not expected in the permanently oxygen-reduced high rack.
- the trigger threshold of such a detector is an extinction (reduction in air transparency) 5-6% / m. This threshold is determined on the one hand in consideration of the experience with disturbance variables (whirled up dust etc.) and the required reliability of triggering.
- An event that can release fire aerosols in the high-bay warehouse is a smoldering fire in defective cable systems and, despite the complex control measures, smoldering nests in an outer packaging of stored goods.
- Overheating of electric drives can be reliably ruled out because they are temperature-monitored from the point of view of explosion protection, so that surface temperatures of more than 160 ° C cannot arise.
- section 3.6 of VDI 3564 - version August 2002 - high-bay systems must have smoke and heat extraction systems, which must be planned evenly distributed in the roof area.
- the SHEV units must have a test certificate (ZPZ) in accordance with DIN 18 232 Part 3. These specifications take into account the presence of an automatic extinguishing system based on a sprinkler system, which means that in the event of a fire, flue gas generation must be assumed.
- the high-bay warehouse is effectively separated from the upstream picking and loading zone by fire wall design in accordance with the state building regulations and DIN 4102.
- the high-bay warehouse itself can be constructed without fire compartments due to the use of oxygen reduction.
- the fire walls are not led directly to the roof of the high-bay warehouse. Accordingly, these are led at least up to the roof of the picking and loading zone and further
- the roof areas adjacent to the rising facade of the high-bay rack are designed to be open at a depth of at least 7 m in accordance with VDI 3564 and in fire resistance class F 90 in accordance with DIN 4102 (see above).
- the fire wall is led 5 m above the roof of the commissioning zone and the adjacent roof area at a depth of 18 m to the row of supports there in fire resistance class F 90-A.
- the structural components of this roof surface refurbishment are also fire-resistant, which is fulfilled for this area by means of the reinforced concrete construction type.
- the thermal insulation of all roof surfaces is made using non-combustible building materials.
- the fire walls in accordance with the requirements of VDI 3564 in the area of receding corners are continued in such a way that a horizontal flashover path - measured over the respective inner corner - of at least 7 m is achieved, in the area of the separation of the office zone from the order picking zone 5 m ,
- the western outer wall of the picking zone is being built by extending the fire wall overpass by a further 23 m in sand-lime brick masonry in fire resistance class F 90-A.
- Other doors in this wall that are useful for fighting fires in this area are designed as T 30 doors.
- fire protection closures are used in rail-bound conveyor systems.
- Fire barriers are kept open depending on usage, then only hold-open devices that have been approved by the building inspectorate and which cause the closures to close automatically when exposed to smoke. Railway-bound qualifications are mandatory with this.
- the fire protection closures with hold-open systems are closed outside of operating hours. In order to guarantee this, the gates are marked accordingly and the opening status of the gates is also displayed in the control center of the fire department.
- the warehouse is equipped with electrotechnical equipment in accordance with the usual VDE rules that apply to this.
- Firing systems are arranged in the property exclusively in the area of the upper floor of the logistics building.
- the heating and firing systems are manufactured in accordance with the Firing Ordinance of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia.
- Enclosing walls for these technical areas are designed in fire resistance class F 90 and with self-closing fire protection closings T 30.
- Raised floors larger than 20 cm are provided in the area of the low and medium voltage switch rooms below the order picking and in the server room (office area). This area is equipped with automatic smoke detectors.
- the entire warehouse is equipped with a lightning protection system according to the recognized rules of technology.
- This lightning protection system is designed in accordance with the general conditions of lightning arrester construction in conjunction with DIN VDE 0185.
- the high-bay warehouse at least 0.4 times recirculated air
- the picking and loading zone at least 2 times, of which 0.4 times fresh air and 1, 6 recirculated air mode
- ventilation systems or recirculated air systems are equipped with ventilation systems or recirculated air systems.
- Smoke extraction measures are not required for the high-bay warehouse, since effective measures to prevent the occurrence of fire - and thus smoke - are taken by installing permanent oxygen reduction. It should also be borne in mind that smoke extraction (thermal or mechanical) is the Counteracts fire prevention by removing the oxygen-reduced atmosphere in the high-bay warehouse.
- the warehouse is equipped with an alarm device as an internal alarm to allow the escape route lengths described above in accordance with the industrial building directive. In the picking area, this also signals that the oxygen content may be too low due to the nitrogen transfer from the high-bay warehouse.
- internal signal transmitters for early warning of people in the entire property, internal signal transmitters (sirens, horns, etc.) are activated as an alarm device by monitored transmission paths of the fire alarm system (in accordance with VDE 0833 Part 2).
- the signals of the alarm device differ from operational signals and, in the case of acoustic alarms, from the general noise level (noise level) and these always exceed 10 dB (A). With noise levels above 110 dB (A), additional optical internal signal transmitters are used (according to VDE 0833, DIN 33404-3).
- the warehouse is equipped with security lighting in accordance with the applicable technical rules.
- the emergency lighting has a backup power source that is independent of the supply network and switches on automatically within one second if the power supply fails.
- the illuminance of the security lighting is at least 1 LUX.
- the escape route signage is also connected to a power supply system for the emergency lighting.
- a safety power supply is provided for the warehouse, which, if the general power supply fails, will operate the Safety-related systems and facilities, in particular safety lighting, lighting of the information on exits, fire alarm system, smoke and heat extraction systems, as far as electrically operated, monitoring system for oxygen reduction in the high-bay warehouse, explosion size measuring devices and minimum oxygen concentration measurement in the picking zone.
- the safety power supply system corresponds to VDE 0108. Nitrogen generation for the permanent oxygen reduction system is taken over by the membrane system through the cold evaporator for liquid nitrogen in the event of a power failure.
- the sprinkler system is operated by a diesel pump in the event of a power failure.
- the installation rooms for the backup power supply systems (batteries, power generators, etc.) are separated from the surrounding rooms in fire resistance class F 90. Required ventilation systems for these rooms are routed through channels to fire resistance class L 90 through outside areas or directly into the open air.
- the heat energy that acts on the high-bay warehouse in the event of a full fire in the picking zone is dissipated with water by sprinkling the eastern front wall and the adjacent 30 m long outer wall areas.
- the design of the sprinkler can, for. B. according to the rules for the dimensioning of water spray systems DIN 14 494 or VdS 2109. This sprinkler system is activated automatically when the sprinkler system is triggered in the picking area, and is therefore very safe from being triggered incorrectly. An additional manual trigger point is also provided. For test purposes, automatic irrigation can be switched off separately.
- the installation rooms are separated from other parts of the building in fire resistance class F 120; upstands to the light ditch ensure that the rooms cannot be put under water by extinguishing water; the power supply lines for air separation and the sprinkler center are buried underground and provided with a backup power supply from a diesel generator.
- wall hydrants are also provided on the access doors.
- portable fire extinguishers are always installed in readily accessible locations in readily accessible locations.
- the equipment is equipped with portable fire extinguishers according to DIN EN 3.
- the fire extinguishers are preferably located near the emergency exits or the wall hydrants.
- the dimensioning corresponds to the requirements of workplace law.
- the number and type of extinguishing equipment required is measured in accordance with BGR 133 "Rules for equipping workplaces with fire extinguishers".
- Pipe bushings with a diameter of a B line are provided next to the access doors to the high-bay warehouse. In normal condition, these are provided with blind couplings on the inside and outside to prevent the inadmissible oxygen entry into the high-bay warehouse.
- a fire brigade plan in accordance with DIN 14 095 is also being drawn up for the warehouse in close coordination with the plant fire brigade, the responsible fire protection service and the city fire brigade.
- This fire service plan contains at least the following information: 1.
- Fire water removal options in the area around the object to be assessed. Set-up and movement options for the fire brigade including access to the object. 3. Central points of contact for the Fire brigade (fire alarm center) including the triggering devices for fire protection systems (smoke and heat extraction systems etc.). 4. Subdivisions or partitions effective in terms of fire protection. 5.Display of the escape and rescue routes, exits, emergency exits, stairwells and escape routes that can be walked safely and safely at all times. 6. Information on special focal points of danger as well as preconditions to be assessed particularly critically in terms of tactics. 7. Information on areas relevant to operational tactics (technical center, ventilation center, service connection rooms, etc.).
- Liquids and dusty solids are stored in the high-bay warehouse (see above).
- the powdery solids mainly comprise powder coatings based on polyester. They are to be regarded as flammable and are capable of creating an explosive atmosphere after being stirred up in air form.
- Vapors from harmless small leaks are captured, diluted and removed by the circulation of the storage atmosphere. Only a small proportion is discharged into the environment (if necessary using suitable filters) the atmosphere, the greater part is returned in the circulation of the air recirculation system.
- a leakage of flammable vapors or liquids is detected by the solvent detectors (gas warning devices). Measuring points are distributed in the suction line and in the storage area.
- the actual warning and alarm thresholds are set significantly lower, in particular ⁇ 20%, preferably ⁇ 10 %, very particularly preferably to about 1% of the LEL in air.
- Escaping combustible dusts cannot be detected by the gas warning device. You risk being whirled up at a later point in time after being deposited for the first time and then being able to form explosive mixtures again.
- the majority of the dusts that occur are continuously removed from the storage atmosphere during operation by filters installed in the air recirculation system.
- the filters can be reached via suitable catwalks for the maintenance of the circulating air system and are regularly replaced or cleaned.
- Inspection rounds in the high-bay warehouse area are carried out regularly to detect (larger quantities) of flammable dust that has escaped.
- the manual removal of the dusts takes place in an appropriate manner, e.g. B. with the aid of a suitable ignition source-free vacuum cleaner for vacuuming combustible dusts. If there is an explosive mixture due to combustible vapors at the same time, the vacuum cleaner must also be free of ignition sources with regard to combustible gases or vapors.
- the combustible gases and vapors remaining in the atmosphere are removed from the cycle gas via an activated carbon filter. If necessary, a separate fan and / or a mobile activated carbon filter can be used for this purpose. In the other areas, explosion hazards can only arise in the event of serious malfunctions. Measures are required here in individual cases.
- the atmosphere is monitored with the help of gas warning devices; when combustible vapors are detected in the air, the air exchange rate is increased and only ambient air is supplied.
- the storage floor is designed as a collecting trough for the high-bay warehouse.
- locks are provided between the high-bay warehouse and the picking area, so that explosive mixtures cannot pass over in this area and therefore no explosive mixtures can occur.
- a check is carried out in the picking area before storage.
- a gas trough system for organic solvents is installed in the area of the contour inspection of the pallets before storage (see above).
- a warning to a permanently manned control center is issued if a warning block of 10% of the LEL is exceeded. This is followed by a visual inspection of the interior of the warehouse and, if necessary, an identification of the source of the organic components in the warehouse atmosphere. If an alarm threshold of 20% of the LEL is exceeded, all equipment that does not meet the requirements for Category 3 G is switched off. To be on the safe side, these respective thresholds can e.g. B. can be reduced to approx. 1% or approx. 10%.
- the air recirculation system is started up to a double air change in the storage atmosphere per hour until the LEL falls below the alarm thresholds again. Possibly. additional nitrogen is blown in and the storage atmosphere is cleaned of solvent vapors via activated carbon filters and / or if necessary a partial flow is discharged into the environment.
- hand switches are provided for manually triggering the shutdown of all equipment. After a corresponding warning or alarm threshold has been reached, in addition to the double air change, the flammable substances that have escaped are immediately and properly removed, if necessary, by manual absorption using an adsorbent.
- the high-bay warehouse 100 comprises a room 1, which has two coffee locks 2 and a personal lock 3. Through this Locks can be used for material transport or passage of people between the high-bay warehouse and a room 4 in front of it for order picking.
- a circulating device for circulating the atmosphere located in the high-bay warehouse is provided in the high-bay warehouse 1. It comprises a plurality of suction openings 5 arranged in the lower region of the high-bay warehouse and shown only schematically in the drawing, through which the atmosphere is sucked in, as symbolized by the downward-pointing arrows.
- the intake power is generated by two fans 8, 9 switched on in lines 6, 7, via which the suctioned atmosphere is supplied to discharge openings 10, which are arranged in the upper region of the high-bay warehouse 1.
- the current of the exiting atmosphere is symbolized by the arrows pointing downwards.
- the 0 2 measured values determined by the analyzer devices are used to feed nitrogen via a line 11 into lines 6, 7, if necessary, ie when the oxygen concentration exceeds a predetermined value.
- the nitrogen supply is regulated via a control valve 12 which is switched on in line 11
- Control valve 12 has a shut-off valve 13, via which in the case If the control valve fails, the nitrogen supply can be interrupted.
- a filter device 14 is provided outside the high-bay warehouse, which comprises individual filters F3 to F6. It can be switched into the circulation circuit via lines 14, 15 and valves 16 in such a way that the atmosphere flows through the individual filters in succession, supported by additional fans 17, 18, during the circulation.
- the filter device is not in operation during normal operation. It is only activated in an emergency, for example if the atmosphere is contaminated by escaping solvents.
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10310439 | 2003-03-11 | ||
DE10310439A DE10310439B3 (de) | 2003-03-11 | 2003-03-11 | Verfahren zum Brand- und Explosionsschutz in einem Hochregallager für chemische Gefahrstoffe und brand- und explosionsgeschütztes Hochregallager |
PCT/EP2004/002168 WO2004080540A1 (de) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-04 | Verfahren zum brand- und explosionsschutz in einem hochregallager für chemische gefahrstoffe und brand- und explosionsgeschütztes hochregallager |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1601417A1 true EP1601417A1 (de) | 2005-12-07 |
EP1601417B1 EP1601417B1 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04717044A Expired - Lifetime EP1601417B1 (de) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-04 | Verfahren zum brand- und explosionsschutz in einem hochregallager für chemische gefahrstoffe und brand- und explosionsgeschütztes hochregallager |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20080105443A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1601417B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE345848T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10310439B3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2277243T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004080540A1 (de) |
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DE19625559C1 (de) * | 1996-06-26 | 1997-10-09 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Verfahren zur Brandbekämpfung und Vorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung |
EP0861436A1 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-09-02 | Hartmann & Braun GmbH & Co. KG | Magnetische sauerstoffmesseinrichtung |
US5799495A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-09-01 | Nitec, Inc. | Container oxygen control system for transporting and ripening perishable goods |
JP3832612B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-16 | 2006-10-11 | 忠弘 大見 | クリーンルームにおける消火方法及びその装置 |
DE19811851C2 (de) * | 1998-03-18 | 2001-01-04 | Wagner Alarm Sicherung | Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandverhütung und -löschung in geschlossenen Räumen |
ES2269432T3 (es) * | 2000-04-17 | 2007-04-01 | Igor K. Kotliar | Sistemas de hipoxicos para suprimir incendios y composiciones respirables para apagar fuegos. |
DE10033650A1 (de) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-01-31 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Anlage und Verfahren zum Lagern und/oder Verarbeiten von Gegenständen unter inerten Bedingungen |
GB2374007A (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-09 | Kidde Plc | Fire / explosion protection system and method, using inert gas produced in low temperature catalytic oxidation of organic fuel |
-
2003
- 2003-03-11 DE DE10310439A patent/DE10310439B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-04 ES ES04717044T patent/ES2277243T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-04 WO PCT/EP2004/002168 patent/WO2004080540A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-03-04 US US10/547,690 patent/US20080105443A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-04 DE DE502004002089T patent/DE502004002089D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-04 AT AT04717044T patent/ATE345848T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-04 EP EP04717044A patent/EP1601417B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2004080540A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1601417B1 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
DE10310439B3 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
ES2277243T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
US20080105443A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
DE502004002089D1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
ATE345848T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
WO2004080540A1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
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