EP1599570A2 - Reacteur pour culture industrielle de micro-organismes photosynthetiques - Google Patents

Reacteur pour culture industrielle de micro-organismes photosynthetiques

Info

Publication number
EP1599570A2
EP1599570A2 EP04713853A EP04713853A EP1599570A2 EP 1599570 A2 EP1599570 A2 EP 1599570A2 EP 04713853 A EP04713853 A EP 04713853A EP 04713853 A EP04713853 A EP 04713853A EP 1599570 A2 EP1599570 A2 EP 1599570A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
culture
reactor according
culture chamber
grid structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04713853A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mario Tredici
Liliana Rodolfi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universita degli Studi di Firenze
Original Assignee
Universita degli Studi di Firenze
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universita degli Studi di Firenze filed Critical Universita degli Studi di Firenze
Publication of EP1599570A2 publication Critical patent/EP1599570A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/04—Flat or tray type, drawers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/20—Material Coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/40—Manifolds; Distribution pieces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M39/00—Means for cleaning the apparatus or avoiding unwanted deposits of microorganisms

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a low-cost reactor for the culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms or plant cells, easy to scale up at industrial level and able to achieve high volumetric productivity and high cell concentration.
  • PBR phototrophic micro-organisms
  • the PBR must have a high illuminated surface to volume ratio (hereinafter referred to as "Si/V") in order to achieve high volumetric productivities and maintain high cell concentrations.
  • Si/V illuminated surface to volume ratio
  • the need for high cell concentrations and volumetric productivities is related to the cost for harvesting and for preparing and moving the culture medium; the higher the cell concentration and the productivity per unit of volume, the lower are these costs.
  • the capacity of the culture to withstand contamination from invading micro-organisms will be higher, the higher are these two parameters;
  • oxygen is generated as a result of oxygenic photosynthesis; if this oxygen is not removed from the culture medium, it can reach levels that are toxic to the organism cultivated.
  • the rate of oxygen production and of oxygen accumulation in the culture medium are related to the Si/V of the reactor;
  • the temperature tends to reach values which do not permit the growth of the cultivated organism; this is due to the fact that a transparent wall reactor kept outdoors behaves as a solar collector. An adequate control of temperature is therefore required;
  • the culture has to be continuously mixed in order to prevent thermal stratification, sedimentation and/or aggregation of the cells, which may cause nutritional deficiencies, and in order to provide the cells with adequate light/dark cycles;
  • the reactor walls must be made from materials having high transparency to the photosynthetically active radiation (hereinafter referred to as "PAR") of wavelength ranging between 400 and 700 nm for oxygenic phototrophs and between 400 and more than 900 nm for anoxygenic phototrophs. Materials have moreover to be resistant to weathering and to mechanical stress, and preferably have low cost; - biofouling, i.e. the adhesion of cells or particulate or pigmented matter to the reactor walls, which may reduce transmission of the radiation useful to the growth of the cultivated micro-organisms, must be avoided;
  • a reactor for the culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms and plant cells comprising:
  • a culture chamber delimited by walls of a material transparent to PAR and suitable for holding the micro-organisms or the cells to be cultivated, suspended in a suitable culture medium;
  • a further subject of the invention is the use of the above said reactor for the industrial culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms or cells, and the plant for the culture of phototrophic micro-organisms or cells comprising one or more of the above said reactors.
  • Figure 1 shows two views, 1a and 1b, of the framework and of the grid structure for the containment of the culture chamber according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a particular of the grid and of the bulges of the culture chamber
  • Figure 3 shows a plant made of several reactors according to the invention, placed parallel and vertically on the ground;
  • Figure 4 shows a plant made of several reactors according to the invention, placed on the ground so as to create a tunnel having triangular section;
  • Figure 5a shows a frontal view of a circular reactor according to the invention;
  • Figure 5b shows a top view of the same reactor.
  • Figure 1 shows two different views of the preferred embodiment of the present reactor, wherein both the grid structure and the containment external framework are present.
  • Figure 1a shows the containment framework (1 ,3) and the grid structure (2), which consists of large-meshed grids, preferably made of a metallic material.
  • Figure 1 b better shows the vertical cross section of the reactor, substantially rectangular in shape, which becomes slightly elliptic as a consequence of the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the culture.
  • the vertical cross section of the culture chamber can be varied by a different and non-parallel arrangement of the grid structure and/or of the containment framework and may assume trapezoidal, or buckled, or triangular or other suitably chosen shape.
  • Figure 1 b shows the grid structure (2) the base (3) onto which the reactor rests, and the uprights (1) comprised in the external metallic framework that gives stability to the whole structure.
  • the present reactor is suitable for building culture units or modules, in any number according to the production needs and to the available area, wherein the single module may have the following size: a) length ranging from 1 to 50 m, preferably from 10 to 25 m; b) height corresponding to the height of the reactor and ranging between 0.5 and 3 m, preferably between 1 and 1.5 m; c) width corresponding to the width of the culture chamber, and ranging between 0.01 and 0.2 m, preferably between 0.02 and 0.08 m.
  • a module of 10 x 1 x 0.04 m (length, height, width) will contain a culture volume of 0.4 m 3 , which may increase up to 0.5-0.6 m 3 as a consequence of the width increase caused by the internal hydrostatic pressure.
  • the present reactor comprises the culture chamber, the grid structure containing the culture chamber, and the containment framework containing the grid structure and the culture chamber.
  • the present reactor comprises the culture chamber, and a structure containing the culture chamber selected from the grid structure and the containment framework.
  • the grid structure and the containment framework are designed to contain the culture chamber.
  • the grid structure and the culture chamber are both contained in a rigid external framework that gives stability to the whole structure.
  • the culture chamber is placed within the grid structure and/or the external containment framework without any connection, such as by welding or by any other type of connection; when both the grid structure and the external framework are present, they are not connected together nor to the culture chamber.
  • the walls of the culture chamber must necessarily be transparent so as to allow transmittance of PAR to the cells, which are kept inside the chamber; for example, the walls can be made of transparent plastic sheets, films or tubes, preferably having a thickness lower than 1 mm.
  • the walls of the culture chamber are made of flexible plastic film.
  • the walls of the chamber can be made from sheets of rigid transparent material as. for example, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), poiymethacrylate, polycarbonate, glass, fibreglass and similar.
  • the material of the walls either rigid or flexible, has anti-adhesive properties, so as to limit biofouling.
  • the said culture chamber, said grid structure and/or the said rigid framework have a substantially parallelepipedal shape and a width much smaller than length.
  • the said culture chamber, said grid structure and/or the said rigid framework have a curvilinear shape, forming for example a semicircle; the curvature may be increased until the two extremities of the said culture chamber, said grid structure and/or the said rigid framework, meet, and the reactor assumes a closed shape, for example triangular, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, hexagonal, more or less elliptical, or circular. If the reactor assumes a closed shape, the culture chamber may not necessarily be interrupted, but may be continuous. For example, if the shape is circular, as in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, the culture chamber can have an annular section.
  • Figure 5 shows a circular reactor in which the culture chamber is made of flexible plastic, a metal grid structure contains and gives support to the culture chamber from the outside (Figure 5a), and both a metal grid structure and a rigid framework support the chamber from inside ( Figure 5b).
  • the culture chamber of the reactor shown in Figure 5, and of other reactors of similar closed shape may be built using rigid plastic material of limited thickness, for example using rolls of fibreglass 1-3 m high and 1-2 mm thick.
  • the culture chamber may be supported from outside by a grid structure or by a net or by flat rings placed at different heights as hoops in a barrel.
  • the reactor according to the invention is provided with one or several perforated tubes placed for example at the bottom of the culture chamber; typically the tubes, made of either plastic or metal, have a diameter ranging between 0.5 and 1 cm, and are provided with holes or injectors of diameter ranging between 0.5 and 1 mm, which are placed at a distance ranging between 4 and 10 cm from each other and allow the tubes to be in communication with the culture chamber.
  • compressed air or compressed air mixed with CO 2 of with other gasses suitably chosen, is introduced; the air exits from the holes into the culture achieving mixing of the culture and removal of the dissolved oxygen. In the typical case in which air is injected, this will provide the required oxygen for cell respiration during the dark period, as well. Air bubbling achieves turbulent mixing of the culture and thus provides a suitable light-dark cycle to the cells and, at least partially, cleans the internal surface of the reactor walls, thus reducing the risk of biofouling.
  • the control of the temperature is achieved by two different systems, which can be operated alternatively or in combination.
  • the first system consists of one or more tubes or serpentines made of metal or any other material having high thermal conductivity.
  • the serpentine may cross the reactor longitudinally at different heights, typically near the bottom.
  • Inside the tubes or serpentines a thermoregulated liquid is circulated.
  • a temperature probe is connected to an actuator that opens a valve or activates a pump, which circulates the thermoregulated fluid in the serpentine according to the thermal needs of the culture.
  • the second system for controlling the culture temperature, more suitable to cool the culture consists of a plastic tube provided with sprinklers placed outside the reactor so as to sprinkle or nebulise water on the reactor walls and achieves evaporative cooling.
  • the opening of the sprinklers is regulated, as in the previous example, by a temperature probe and an actuator.
  • the liquid sprayed onto the walls is collected by a suitable drain and recycled.
  • Carbon dioxide is provided as a mixture with air or other gasses, otherwise it is supplied separately as pure gas using the aeration tubes described above or a different tube placed for this purpose in the reactor or in some zones of the reactor.
  • the culture chamber is divided in bubbled and non-bubbled zones, so as to obtain circulation of the culture as in air lift reactors.
  • the culture chamber is provided with sections or channels, for example made by welding the opposite reactor's alls, suitable to force the ascending gas bubbles to follow predetermined routes.
  • sections or channels for example made by welding the opposite reactor's alls, suitable to force the ascending gas bubbles to follow predetermined routes.
  • filters and devices may be used at the air inlets and outlets to keep sterile the culture chamber and carry out the harvesting, the addition of the culture medium and similar operations under axenic conditions.
  • Electrodes, probes and other sensors for measurement and regulation of the main chemical- physical culture parameters may be introduced.
  • the culture chamber is made from a plastic sheet
  • the chamber will be open at the top and might be closed, hermetically or not, by a suitable cover sheet provided with outlets for air and gasses and inlets for electrodes and probes.
  • a suitable cover sheet provided with outlets for air and gasses and inlets for electrodes and probes.
  • suitable holes for gas exit and probes will be provided in the upper part of the tube.
  • a module of 10 m length x 1 m height x 0.04 m width can be built from a 10 x 2.2 m rectangular film (or from a flexible plastic tube 10 m long and 1.1 m high) made of transparent and flexible plastic, having a thickness lower than 0.4 mm.
  • the film is introduced inside a parallelepipedal cage made by metal grids, 2.5 m long and 1 m high, placed vertically and in two parallel rows, at a distance of 0.04 m from each other.
  • the lateral edges of the film (or of the tube) are welded or glued or hermetically sealed.
  • the grids are placed inside a suitable metal framework as that indicated as (1 , 3) in Figure 1.
  • the grids have large meshes, for example comprised between 10 x 50 cm and 5 x 10 cm and typically 5 x 20 cm, so as not to intercept a significant part of the impinging radiation.
  • the reactors according to the invention may be placed vertically on the ground as shown in Figure 3, preferably in parallel east-west oriented rows.
  • the reactors of the invention may be placed on the ground with an inclination different from the vertical; besides also the orientation and the distance between the reactors may vary depending from the climatic and topographic conditions and from the photochemical requirements of the culture.
  • An example of arrangement of the reactors with an inclination different from the vertical is shown in - Figure 4, where the reactors have alternatively an opposite inclination so as that they converge at the top and form a sort of tunnel having triangular section.
  • This arrangement has a further advantage as the space inside the tunnel may be used, for example, to house devices for artificial illumination; therefore this arrangement makes it possible the combined use of natural light (intercepted by the walls facing upwards) and artificial light impinging from below.
  • the reactors according to the invention offer the possibility to be connected so as to have a continuity of the culture medium and build modules of bigger size.
  • the connection consists of a tube of suitable diameter inserted into the reactors at the bottom near the close extremities of the two reactors to be connected.
  • an internal zone of the reactor will be partially isolated, for example by welding the walls, at the level of the connecting tube. This zone is not bubbled.
  • the culture in this non-bubbled zone has a higher specific weight and moves down and then along the connection tube to a second reactor.
  • the reactor according to the invention shows the following advantages that make it suitable to overcome the limitations typical of the reactors currently in use and described above, and thus it will be able to be scaled up to industrial level maintaining its efficiency:
  • the reactor of the invention has a high Si/V typically between 25 and 200 m "1 .
  • Si/V typically between 25 and 200 m "1 .
  • the reactor of the invention is suitable to realise a system for the culture of photosynthetic oxygenic, and also anoxygenic, micro-organisms, suspended in a suitable culture medium, and is particularly suited to be scaled up to commercial level.
  • Any culture medium commonly used in the culture of photosynthetic micro- organisms and plant cells can be used in the reactor according to the invention.
  • the culture medium is an aqueous solution comprising salts and nutrients that are required for the metabolism and/or the growth of the cultivated organism.
  • micro-organisms that can be cultured with the present reactor are: Chlorella and other green microalgae, Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, red and green photosynthetic bacteria, and similar. These micro-organisms can be used to produce biomass and products which are useful as labelled molecules, natural pigments, biopesticides, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, aquaculture feed, probiotics, food and feed ingredients, and in bio-processes such as bio-remediation or solar energy conversion into fuels.
  • the reactor is characterised by its ease of operation, flexibility and low cost in comparison with the photobioreactors currently used at industrial level.
  • a plant made of 400 reactors, 25 m long, 1 m high and placed at a distance of 1 m from each other will contain 400 m 3 of culture suspension and display 20.000 m 2 of illuminated surface area (thus achieving a significant light dilution effect), and has the potential for producing 60 tons of dry biomass per year.

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un réacteur pour la culture de micro-organismes ou de cellules végétales photosynthétiques dans un milieu de culture approprié, comportant une enceinte de culture réalisée en un matériau qui est transparente à un rayonnement photosynthétiquement actif, une structure en grille à mailles larges (2) apte à renfermer l'enceinte de culture, et un châssis de support extérieur (1, 3).
EP04713853A 2003-02-24 2004-02-24 Reacteur pour culture industrielle de micro-organismes photosynthetiques Withdrawn EP1599570A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITFI20030047 2003-02-24
ITFI20030047 ITFI20030047A1 (it) 2003-02-24 2003-02-24 Reattore per la coltura industriale di microrganismi fotosintetici
PCT/EP2004/001797 WO2004074423A2 (fr) 2003-02-24 2004-02-24 Reacteur pour culture industrielle de micro-organismes photosynthetiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1599570A2 true EP1599570A2 (fr) 2005-11-30

Family

ID=32894151

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04713853A Withdrawn EP1599570A2 (fr) 2003-02-24 2004-02-24 Reacteur pour culture industrielle de micro-organismes photosynthetiques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1599570A2 (fr)
IL (1) IL170429A (fr)
IT (1) ITFI20030047A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004074423A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010134069A1 (fr) 2009-05-21 2010-11-25 Yohanan Frederic Zweig Dispositif de concentration, de reorientation et de distribution de lumiere

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US8110395B2 (en) 2006-07-10 2012-02-07 Algae Systems, LLC Photobioreactor systems and methods for treating CO2-enriched gas and producing biomass
EP2152848A2 (fr) 2007-04-27 2010-02-17 Greenfuel Technologies Corporation Systèmes de photobioréacteur positionnés sur des plans d'eau
ES2351566B1 (es) * 2009-03-09 2012-06-14 Repsol Ypf, S.A Método de cultivo de microorganismos y fotobiorreactor empleado en dicho método.
AT507989B1 (de) * 2009-03-12 2013-01-15 Ecoduna Technologie Gmbh Einrichtung für einen photochemischen prozess
FR2946362B1 (fr) * 2009-06-09 2012-11-09 Edouard Kabakian Photobioreacteur,notamment pour la croissance et le developpement de microorganismes photosynthetiques
IT1398499B1 (it) 2009-07-30 2013-03-01 Fotosintetica E Microbiologica S R L Fotobioreattore a basso costo per la coltura di microalghe.
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US9260685B2 (en) 2010-02-15 2016-02-16 Univerve Ltd. System and plant for cultivation of aquatic organisms
WO2011124727A1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Acciona Energía, S. A. Système de culture de microalgues à consommation d'énergie optimale
ES2347515B2 (es) * 2010-05-03 2011-05-20 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Fotobiorreactor laminar para la produccion de microalgas.
IT1402640B1 (it) 2010-11-04 2013-09-13 Poli De "metodo e relativo impianto per la coltivazione di microrganismi fotosintetici"
AU2012234690A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2013-11-21 Rival Societe En Commandite Photobioreactors and culture bags for use therewith
CN103184141B (zh) * 2011-12-28 2016-04-20 新奥科技发展有限公司 环流反应器
US9845929B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2017-12-19 Institut National D'optique Sun tracking light distributor system
US9392757B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2016-07-19 Institut National D'optique Sun tracking light distributor system
WO2014191939A1 (fr) 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 CENTRE DE RECHERCHE INDUSTRIELLE DU QUéBEC Système répartiteur de lumière en forme de v
ITVR20130157A1 (it) 2013-07-05 2015-01-06 Francesco Campostrini Impianto per una coltivazione di microrganismi fotosintetici, colture miste di microrganismi fotosintetici e non-fotosintetici e/o cellule vegetali.
DE102013017742A1 (de) * 2013-10-28 2015-04-30 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Hohler Lichtleiter mit Öffnungen, insbesondere zur Versorgung eines Photobioreaktors mit Licht und Nährstoffen
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DE102017001041B4 (de) 2017-01-27 2024-01-25 Jörn Jander Photobioreaktor und Verfahren zur Kultivierung von phototrophen Mikroalgen
EP3673728A1 (fr) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-01 Global Biotech, S.L. Système basé sur des microalgues de production de produits et son procédé d'utilisation
US11028355B2 (en) 2019-05-22 2021-06-08 SolarClean Fuels, LLC Methods and systems for efficient bioreactor mixing and light utilization embodying low process energy and scalability
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010134069A1 (fr) 2009-05-21 2010-11-25 Yohanan Frederic Zweig Dispositif de concentration, de reorientation et de distribution de lumiere

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004074423A2 (fr) 2004-09-02
ITFI20030047A1 (it) 2004-08-25
IL170429A (en) 2010-11-30
WO2004074423A3 (fr) 2004-11-25

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