Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B3/00—Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
  • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
  • E21D23/16—Hydraulic or pneumatic features, e.g. circuits, arrangement or adaptation of valves, setting or retracting devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
  • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
  • F15B11/028—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force
  • F15B11/032—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of fluid-pressure converters
  • F15B11/0325—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of fluid-pressure converters the fluid-pressure converter increasing the working force after an approach stroke
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
  • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
  • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
  • F15B2211/214—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being hydrotransformers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
  • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
  • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
  • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
  • F15B2211/7055—Linear output members having more than two chambers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for increasing the pressure in cylinders for the
• Oil hydraulics, water hydraulics, emulsion hydraulics, as well as plasma and other liquid hydraulics and pneumatics in which two-part or multi-part cylinders are moved apart or into each other in a controlled manner via valves and the pressure transmitter that has passed through a high-pressure pump, whereby in the piston surface cavity under the respective piston after driving apart, predetermined pressure is generated and maintained.
• the invention also relates to a cylinder for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 6, consisting of a base body connected to a high-pressure pump via a supply line and having a cylinder housing and a piston / piston rod displaceably arranged therein and the piston surface cavity formed below the piston.
• a pressure transmitter which is oil, water, water in an oil emulsion, plasma or other liquids or else air.
• Hydraulics is the teaching and technical application of flows in compressible liquids. This means that in hydraulics, the liquid, but above all oil or water in oil emulsion, is initially influenced accordingly in a high-pressure pump, ie preloaded, in order to then be fed to the cylinder via hose or similar lines.
• the extension and retraction of the cylinders are controlled by valves, and the same pressure is always used, namely the pressure dependent on the output of the high pressure pump.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device which enables the operation of cylinders with an internal pressure (working pressure) which is arbitrarily increased compared to the pump pressure.
• the task is solved procedurally by first supplying the cylinder with a pressure transmitter (oil, water, emulsion, plasma, compressed air) of a predetermined pressure level and moving the cylinder apart, and then increasing the pressure in the piston surface cavity underneath the piston as desired by Pressure transmitters of the same pressure level are used for further compression of the pressure transmitter in the piston surface cavity.
• a pressure transmitter oil, water, emulsion, plasma, compressed air
• This method thus makes it possible, regardless of the starting point of the pressure level, to increase it in a targeted manner in order to achieve advantages in this way. If, for example, a pressure level that is clearly below 400 bar is assumed, it is possible with the aid of the method according to the invention to increase the pressure level in the cylinder in a targeted manner without it this requires different lines, a differently dimensioned cylinder or the like. Rather, the pressure within the cylinder is increased so that the desired pressure level is reached. In this way, for example in underground mining and tunneling, the necessary setting pressure in the punch, that is to say the correspondingly designed cylinder, can be achieved without it being necessary to use the expensive high-pressure pump, which also requires corresponding lines.
• the pressure transmitter is supplied to the cylinder by a 200 bar pump and the pressure in the piston surface cavity is increased to 300-400 bar or more. This is achieved by means of a translation system mentioned above and explained further below, with the aid of which the pressure level within the cylinder can be increased accordingly easily and safely and depending on the dimensions.
• the pressure transmitter is thus further compressed accordingly, without it being necessary to supply pressure transmitters, that is to say an oil or compressed air, to higher levels, i. H. no separate or different pump is required and a correspondingly different system pressure.
• the invention aims to increase the pressure level within the cylinder, which it achieves according to the invention in that a piston of smaller dimensions is inserted into the piston surface cavity, compressing the pressure transmitter there, via the pressure transmitter of the same pressure level. This increases the pressure level very much and just as it is needed for the respective application.
• the invention provides for the pressure transmitter to be switched on at the same pressure level as a function of other switching processes or separately, in order to keep the switching effort that may be required as low as possible.
• the invention enables the pressure transmitter to be connected at the same pressure level in series or parallel connection, which is made possible, among other things, by the fact that a second system pressure is not present and is also not required to be under the piston increase the pressure or pressure level in a targeted manner.
• a cylinder is provided which has a cylinder housing and the piston with piston rod which is displaceable therein, the piston surface cavity being formed below the piston, into which the pressure fluid or the pressure transmitter is introduced in order to achieve the extension of the cylinder.
• a variable pressure level within the piston surface cavity is achieved in that the piston surface cavity, namely the pressure transmitter located therein, is designed to be able to be influenced directly via an inlet valve and additionally indirectly via a compressor with the same high-pressure pump.
• the compressor is a translation system, which thus ensures that the higher pressure in the piston surface cavity can actually be reached, even if the pressure transmitter required or used for this has a correspondingly lower pressure level.
• An expedient embodiment of the invention is that in which the piston surface cavity is designed as a bore made in the cylinder cover and piston and piston rod, the bore in the piston rod being expanded to accommodate a bushing in which a tensioning piston serving as a compressor and having a diameter with the bore
• a tensioning piston serving as a compressor and having a diameter with the bore
• small piston rod is slidably arranged and can be connected to the head of the same high-pressure pump via a connection valve.
• the piston surface cavity is connected directly to the high-pressure pump and indirectly, it being provided that the piston surface cavity can be connected directly to the high-pressure pump via the inlet valve arranged on the head side of the piston.
• the inlet valve is located in the base area of the plunger or cylinder, so that the piston with the piston rod is safely extended when the connection to the high-pressure pump has been established, because the piston is then loaded over a correspondingly large area.
• the tensioning piston which is displaceably arranged within the cylinder, is in turn acted upon optically and, using the example of a stamp, seen from above with hydraulic fluid from above, i.e. H. with the pressure transmitter.
• the bushing receiving the tensioning piston is closed by a rod head which at the same time also closes the large piston rod and to which the connection valve and tensioning piston are connected at the head side connecting bores.
• This rod head is partially inserted into the bushing or the correspondingly large piston rod and fixed there, whereby it is held in this position by the fact that it is clamped or loaded from above.
• the connection valve rises with the rod head, but always remains easily accessible, if only because it protrudes laterally over the rod head or the piston rod.
• the same pressure transmitter can also be used to generate the additional pressure in the cylinder from the pressure level.
• the pressure transmitter Via the connection valve and the connection bores, the pressure transmitter is guided to the top of the tensioning piston so that it is shifted accordingly, because this forces the specified areas.
• the tensioning piston has corresponding dimensions, it is much larger than the piston rod.
• the rod head which closes the sleeve at the top and thus also the hollow, large piston rod, ensures that the pressure conditions within the cylinder can be built up accordingly.
• the tensioning piston has a plate-shaped recess on the head side. This plate-shaped recess ensures that the pressure fluid or the pressure transmitter can have an effect over as large a surface as possible of the piston. It also prevents the clamping piston from practically sticking to the rod head. All in all, this ensures that the corresponding translation system responds quickly and safely.
• the tensioning piston has a significantly larger diameter than the associated small piston rod.
• the piston rod has a diameter of 68 mm and the tensioning piston has a diameter of 110 mm.
• the piston surface cavity has a diameter of 70 mm, which will be discussed further below.
• an annular gap remains in a targeted manner, the invention providing that the small piston rod is designed to leave an annular gap between it and the bore wall of the piston, which is connected to the underside of the sleeve base that can be passed through by the small piston rod.
• the bush base is designed in a stepped manner, the lower small step having sealing rings which are effective with respect to the outer wall of the small piston rod and the inner wall of the large piston rod. While there is initially only a small area available for the further compressed pressure transmitter, this area becomes larger when the sleeve is lifted out of the second seat, so that the second stage then becomes effective. From the dimensions given above, but also from the basic effect, it can be seen that the tensioning piston has a larger diameter than the small piston rod, with an air ring space in the bush thereby containing air.
• the air in it must be displaceable, which is achieved in that the sleeve in the area of the sleeve base has a transverse hole connecting the air ring space between the sleeve inner wall and the outer wall of the small piston rod with a longitudinal hole to the outside atmosphere.
• the tensioning piston and the small piston rod are retracted, the air is easily pressed into the longitudinal bore via the transverse bore and from there it can escape into the outside atmosphere.
• air will penetrate into the air annulus via the outside atmosphere and the longitudinal bore as well as the transverse bore, so that the tensioning piston and the small piston rod can be safely pushed back into the starting position.
• the large piston is pressurized from below with the pressure transmitter or with the hydraulic fluid.
• This is particularly expediently achieved in that an annular space is formed between the inner wall of the cylinder housing and the outer wall of the large piston rod, which is closed at the bottom by the piston with sealing rings and at the top by a locking ring with integrated sealing rings, which is connected to the same high pressure pump can be connected. If the connection to the high-pressure pump is established via the intake valve, the pressure transmitter penetrates directly into the annular space, the sealing rings ensuring that the annular space is sealed off from the outside. As a result, the pressure transmitter only affects the underside of the large piston, so that it is pushed back into the starting position.
• Locking ring has an external thread which is designed to correspond to an internal thread assigned to the end of the cylinder housing.
• the Locking ring can be screwed in accordingly and is in a secure position, even when the cylinder is extended or retracted.
• the sealing rings assigned to the locking ring are arranged to seal against the large piston rod and the annular space.
• the locking ring expediently has two and one downward on the piston rod side, i. H. third sealing ring directed towards the annulus.
• the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a method and a device are created with which the operation of cylinders is considerably simplified. Either pumps with a lower output can be used, in which case the necessary pressure increase in the cylinder is carried out, or one works with the same units, in particular the high-pressure pumps that generate the highest pressure, and can then generate a pressure that is significantly higher inside the cylinder, either brings more path or more pressure within the cylinder. All in all, with the aid of the method and the device according to the invention, experts have the opportunity to simplify existing hydraulic systems or compressed air systems, to make do with cheaper and thinner-walled hoses and, if necessary, also to operate with appropriate cylinders or just such a high pressure level, that the advantages described above can be achieved, using the previous hoses.
• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a cylinder with a transmission system
• FIG. 2 shows a shield removal with several cylinders to be used in underground mining
• FIG. 3 shows an excavator which is also equipped with several cylinders.
• Figure 1 shows a cylinder 1 in longitudinal section, it being clear that the base body 2 of this cylinder 1 consists of the cylinder housing 3 with the cylinder cover 4 and the piston 5 with piston rod 6.
• the piston 5 with the piston rod 6 is arranged displaceably within the cylinder housing 3, the supply line 7 to introduce pressure fluid or pressure transmitter into the piston surface cavity 8 via the inlet valve 9.
• This pressure transmitter which penetrates into the piston surface cavity 8, ensures that the piston 5 with the piston rod 6 and the rod end 19 at the end moves out of the cylinder housing 3.
• the interior, here designated compressor 10, does not stand in the way of this pushing out or supports it.
• the piston surface cavity 8 is formed by the bore 11 in the cylinder cover 4, the bore 12 in the piston 5 and the bore 13 in the piston rod 6.
• the piston surface cavity 8 thus has the shape of a cylinder.
• the large piston rod 6 is hollow, the bore 13 being pulled through to the upper end.
• a bushing 15 is arranged in this bore 13 and receives a tensioning piston 16 with the small piston rod 17.
• the tensioning piston 16 is arranged to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction, it being able to be connected to the supply line 7 ′ and the high-pressure pump (not shown here) via a connection valve 18 attached to the rod head 19 and the connection bores 20, 21.
• the pressure transmitter is thus passed from the supply line 7 into the connection valve 18 and from there via the two connection bores 20, 21 to the tensioning piston 16, which has a plate-shaped recess 22 in this area. This ensures that the inflowing pressure medium, ie the pressure transfer ger can also act fully on the tensioning piston 16.
• Seals 23, 24 are arranged on the edge side of the tensioning piston 16, which ensure the necessary sealing and ensure that the pressure transmitter can also act on the tensioning piston 16 as far as the bush 15.
• the correspondingly large diameter of the tensioning piston 16 then ensures that the pressure piston 16 and the small piston rod 17 are advanced in the direction of the piston surface cavity 8 with a corresponding load with the usual pressure transmitter, that is to say the pressure transmitter usual pressure levels.
• the small piston rod 17 displaces pressure transducers present in the piston surface cavity 8 or initially compresses them. Only when an additional increased pressure is present in the piston surface cavity 8 will pressure fluid or pressure transmitter also act on the underside 29 of the sleeve base 30 via the annular gap 26 between the bore wall 27 of the piston 5 and the outer wall 28 of the small piston rod 17.
• annular space 45 is provided between the inner wall 43 of the cylinder housing 3 and the outer wall 44 of the large piston rod 6. This annular space 45 extends below the piston 5.
• the annular space 45 is connected to the inlet valve 52 via a transverse bore 42, so that pressure transmitters can be brought into this annular space 45 as needed via the supply line 7 ′′ Relief in the area of the inlet valve 9 of the piston 5 is pushed back with the large piston rod 6 into the starting position shown in Figure 1.
• sealing rings 46, 47 are provided in the piston 5, which once against the annular space 45 and once to seal against the inlet valve 9.
• the annular space 45 is connected to the cylinder housing end 55 via a locking ring 48, which is equipped with a plurality of sealing rings 49, 50, 51 in order to seal against all sides. It has an external thread 54 which is designed to correspond to the internal thread 56 of the cylinder housing end 55 so that it can be screwed in.
• FIG. 2 shows a longwall construction 60 which is equipped with a plurality of cylinders to be mentioned later.
• water in oil hydraulics is used to achieve a safety standard that is excellent both in terms of the liquid used and the setting forces to be achieved.
• the material to be conveyed is conveyed away via the conveying means 61, this conveying means 61 extending in the direction of the background and vice versa and being connected to the base plate 63 of the face structure 60 via a push cylinder 62.
• the conveying means 61 is always influenced via the push cylinder 62 in such a way that it lies close to the coal pile (not shown here).
• the fracture plate 64 is connected to a plurality of lemniscate links 65 in order to always be able to assume an optimal position in relation to the person lying down.
• the stamp or stamps 66 here a multi-part stamp, are supplied with hydraulic fluid of approximately 360-400 bar via a supply line running through the strut. Are over the connection valve 67 these punches 66, as explained further above, are connected directly and indirectly to the high-pressure pump. All that is required for this is a supply line, which can be simplified in particular if the cylinder, ie the plunger 66 and also the other cylinders, are designed as shown in FIG. 1.
• the hanging end cap 68 which is supported by the stamp 66, adjoins the break plate 64.
• this hanging end cap 68 forms the sliding part 69, which can also be pushed in and out via a cylinder, not shown here, in order to bring the tip 72 of the hanging end cap 68 as far as possible to the coal joint.
• a longwall construction stretches between slopes 70 and lying 71 and ensures that the cavity remains open as long as it is required for extraction.
• FIG. 3 shows a hydraulic excavator 73 with its driving part 74 and the swivel arm 75 in a simplified manner.
• the swivel arm 75, the bucket 77 and other components are also assigned cylinders, by means of which individual functions can be carried out or facilitated.
• the actuating cylinder 76 With the actuating cylinder 76, the lower part of the swivel arm 75 is swiveled up or else brought into another position, while the movement of the shovel 77 is controlled via the shovel cylinder 78.
• the use of the present invention is particularly interesting both in such hydraulic excavators 73 and in the longwall construction 60, because a large number of cylinders are used there, which also have different tasks. It is therefore not absolutely necessary to equip all cylinders with an internal compressor.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Actuator (AREA)
• Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
• Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
• Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=32747820

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• 2003
  • 2003-02-14 DE DE10306128A patent/DE10306128A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2004
  • 2004-02-06 DE DE502004004233T patent/DE502004004233D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-06 EP EP04708712A patent/EP1597484B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-06 WO PCT/DE2004/000207 patent/WO2004072486A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2004-02-06 US US10/545,818 patent/US7424803B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-06 AU AU2004211436A patent/AU2004211436B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2004-02-06 AT AT04708712T patent/ATE366370T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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