EP1595098A1 - Sonnenenergiesystem - Google Patents

Sonnenenergiesystem

Info

Publication number
EP1595098A1
EP1595098A1 EP04705740A EP04705740A EP1595098A1 EP 1595098 A1 EP1595098 A1 EP 1595098A1 EP 04705740 A EP04705740 A EP 04705740A EP 04705740 A EP04705740 A EP 04705740A EP 1595098 A1 EP1595098 A1 EP 1595098A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
air
ducts
array
solar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04705740A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1595098A4 (de
Inventor
Paul F. Curtis
Robert A. Curtis
Ross W. Delaney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panel IP Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Panel IP Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Panel IP Pty Ltd filed Critical Panel IP Pty Ltd
Publication of EP1595098A1 publication Critical patent/EP1595098A1/de
Publication of EP1595098A4 publication Critical patent/EP1595098A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/006Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses air heating system
    • F24D11/007Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses air heating system combined with solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/20Solar heat collectors using working fluids having circuits for two or more working fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/17Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14Thermal energy storage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar energy system and, in particular, to a solar energy system for use in buildings which enables hot air to be generated for space heating, with the optional addition of either heat to be generated for hot water heating, and/or electricity to be generated from photovoltaic cells, or both.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the abovementioned disadvantage and provide a solar energy system which provides space heating and, if desired, either or both of heating and electricity generation can be integrated within the one overall system, and thereby utilize common component parts.
  • an air duct having a thermal solar absorber formed on one (upper) surface of said duct and in thermal communication with the interior of the duct, said absorber having a transparent pane through which said duct upper surface can be illuminated by solar radiation with a stagnant atmosphere between said pane and said duct upper surface, wherein said pane and said duct upper surface are substantially co-extensive, said duct has at least one inlet and at least one outlet, the periphery of said pane substantially overlies said inlet(s) and outlet(s), and the intended flow of air through said duct below said pane is substantially unidirectional.
  • a solar energy system for a building having an exterior surface exposed to solar radiation comprising a plurality of the abovementioned air ducts mounted on said surface to receive said solar radiation, and an air/liquid heat exchanger in thermal communication with at least one duct interior and connected with at least one heat absorbing load.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a prior art thermal solar collector used to provide hot air for space heating
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse cross-section taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a building which has installed therein the integrated solar energy system of a first embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the solar collector array incorporated in the system of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a single modular duct unit used in the array of Fig. 4 and incorporating a thermal solar absorber in its upper surface,
  • Fig. 7 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view through the collector array of Fig. 4 showing how the upper surface of the absorbers are overlapped so as to provide a water shedding arrangement
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit arrangement of the integrated solar energy system of the first embodiment showing the possible flows of hot air, hot water and electricity,
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the compact nature of an integrated system of a second embodiment.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic circuit arrangement of the embodiment of Fig. 9. Detailed Description
  • conventional thermal solar absorber for heating hot air take the form of a collector box 200 having a glass top 201, side walls 202 and an insulated base 203.
  • a collector box 200 having a glass top 201, side walls 202 and an insulated base 203.
  • two opposed sheets 205, 206 Located within the box 200 are two opposed sheets 205, 206 generally formed from profiled roofing material.
  • the opposed profiles define a number of parallel ducts 210, 211, 212, 219 which are joined end to end by
  • U-shaped insulated manifolds 220 located exterior of the collector box 200. As indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, a serpentine flow path is created with air flowing through each of the ducts 210, 211, 212,.... 219 in sequence between an inlet 225 and outlet 226.
  • a stagnant air space which insulates the ducts 210, 219.
  • the upper sheet 205 forms the heat absorbing surface.
  • This prior art arrangement suffers from various efficiency disadvantages including that the area of the actual ducts (210, 211, 212, ....219) is less than the area of the glass top 201.
  • the prior art arrangement also suffers from a number of constructional disadvantages in that each manifold 220 must be sealed to the corresponding ends of the corresponding ducts. There should also be reasonable sealing between adjacent ducts such as 210 and 211.
  • the entire box 200 needs to be mounted somewhere on a building, for example on the roof of the building, where it receives solar radiation but inevitably also forms a readily observable eyesore.
  • the inlets 225 and outlets 226 must be joined together by appropriated insulated manifolds (not illustrated) similar to manifolds 220.
  • FIG. 3 for a new building 1 an integrated system can be installed during construction, in particular during construction of the roof 2 upon which a solar collector array 3 is installed.
  • a piping array 6 in this embodiment is installed in the floor 5 which is intended to carry water for the purposes of either heating or cooling the floor 5 and thus moderating the temperature of the interior 7 of the building 1.
  • the interior 7 is also provided with air outlets 51 and inlets 52 to enable the interior 7 to be heated.
  • the floor 5 is located above a foundation 9 within which is located a corrugated metal water tank 10, or most preferably an in ground tank fabricated from concrete (not illustrated) the primary function of which is to store potable water.
  • the tank 10 having been purchased can also be used to constitute a reservoir of cold water.
  • the building 1 is also provided with a hot water service 11, which is essentially an insulated water tank, and a heat source 12 which in the preferred embodiment is a reverse cycle air conditioning system, but which could merely be a fuel burning heater such as a wood stove, gas or oil fired heater, an electric heater, or similar.
  • a heat bank 50 is also provided.
  • the hot water service 11, heat source 12, and heat bank 50 can be located either outside the building 1 (as illustrated), or inside the building, or under its floor 5 as desired.
  • the solar collector array 3 of Fig. 3 is formed from a number of individual cells 15 each of which is essentially alike.
  • the collector array 3 is illustrated in more detail in Fig. 4 and the individual collector, cells themselves are illustrated in more detail in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • each of the individual collector cells 15 is fabricated as a tubular air duct 16 having an absorber 17 formed on its upper surface.
  • the air duct 16 is preferably formed from pressed sheet metal and, as best illustrated in Fig. 6, has a transverse cross-sectional shape which is a parallelogram which thereby enables the air ducts 16 to be nested side by side as illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional shape is also a parallelogram which enables the air ducts 16 to be nested end-to-end as seen in Fig. 7.
  • the sheet metal from which each air duct 16 is fabricated is preferably pressed so as to provide two potential transverse openings 18 (Fig. 5) and two potential longitudinal openings 19. Depending upon the intended configuration of the collector array 3 and the intended direction of air flow therethrough, so individual openings 18, 19 are pressed out, or left in situ, prior to assembling the collector array 3.
  • each collector cell 15 can be formed either as a photovoltaic array 21 (Fig. 4) or as a solar thermal collector 22.
  • the thermal collector 22 essentially takes the form of an upper sheet or pane 23 of glass, polycarbonate or similar transparent material which is spaced from a lower sheet 24 (Fig. 6) which is preferably formed from the metal of the air duct 16.
  • the lower sheet 24 of the collector 22 forms the upper interior surface of the air duct 16.
  • the sheet 24 is preferably treated. The most simple form of treatment is for the upper surface of the sheet 24 to be painted black.
  • the most preferred form of treatment is for the upper surface of the sheet 24 to be coated with a material which absorbs heat and for the lower surface of the sheet 24 to be coated with a material which re-emits heat to the air within the duct 16.
  • An insulating bead 25 extends around the periphery of each of the upper sheets 23 thereby forming a sealed stagnant air volume between the upper sheet 23 and lower sheet 24. Such beads 25 are known per se from the fabrication of double glazed windows. Solar radiation incident on the upper sheet 23 passes therethrough and heats the lower sheet 24 which in turn heats the air in the interior of the duct 16.
  • the lower sheet 24 is formed into a single ridge 27 on one side of the cell 15 and into an inverted U-shaped channel 28 on the other side of the cell 15.
  • the ridges 27 and channels 28 are shaped so as to enable the cells to be slidingly engaged as illustrated in Fig. 6 with a ridge 27 of one cell 15 located interior of the chamiel 28 of the adjacent cell 15.
  • the base 26 of the duct 16 is provided with a flange 29 through which the shank of a conventional fastener (not illustrated) can pass vertically so as to secure the base 26 to a conventional timber rafter or batten 31 (Fig. 7).
  • a conventional fastener not illustrated
  • the left hand duct 16 is first secured and then each duct 16 is secured in turn progressively working to the right as seen in Fig. 6 (and the lowermost row first, and then the next highest row next, as seen in Fig. 7).
  • the upper sheet 23 is slightly angled relative to the axis of the duct 16 so as to permit the upper sheets 23 to be overlapped in the manner of conventional roofing tiles as illustrated in Fig. 7.
  • This provides a convenient and water shedding water drainage arrangement which easily mates in overlapping fashion with the conventional material from which the roof 2 is formed. This overlapping is facilitated by a cutaway 29 (Fig. 5) in the upper sheets 23.
  • the overlapped sheets 23 are generally waterproof, they can be cracked by the most severe hail.
  • the duct 16 and its upper surface 24 are formed from sheet metal and extend to overlay the surface 24 of the duct 16 below, even severe hail which cracks the sheet 23 will not result in water penetration into the interior of the building 1 via the solar collector array 3.
  • the air flow passages which extend between the individual collector cells 15 are preferably sealed by means of single sided adhesive, resilient foam tape 20 (illustrated in phantom in Fig. 5) which is located around each of the punched out openings 18, 19. In this way escape of heated air from these cells 15 is prevented.
  • This sealing action is facilitated by the transverse and longitudinal cross-sectional shapes of the ducts 16 each being a parallelogram.
  • the exterior surfaces of the collector array 3 are preferably insulated with a conventional insulation layer 30. Thermal insulation between adjacent duct cells 16 is, in general, not required.
  • the solar collector array 3 is provided with input and output ducts 32, 33 which connect to the remainder of the solar energy system to be described in relation to Fig. 8.
  • the input and output ducts 32, 33 illustrated in solid lines in Fig. 4 are those preferably used with, for example, a cathedral ceiling.
  • the solid line input and output ducts 32, 33 may interfere with rafters 31 so the input and output ducts 32, 33 illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 4 are used providing entry and exit of air through apertures (not illustrated) formed in the base 26 of the ducts 16.
  • water is passed through the pipes 36 of the heat exchanger 35 and is heated by the hot air present within the interior 38 of the cells 15.
  • FIG. 8 A solar collector array 3 essentially the same as that of Figs. 3 and 4 is provided.
  • the particular array 3 of Fig. 8 has three photovoltaic cells 21 which are shown as being connected in series with a diode 39 and a battery 40 or equivalent. These are intended to schematically illustrate the electrical supply system powered by the photovoltaic cells 21 and used to charge the battery 40. It is to be understood that the battery 40 is merely indicative of the destination for the generated electricity. Instead of a battery 40 a grid interactive inverter can be used.
  • these cells should be positioned first, or at least early on, in the flow of air through the array 3 (that is, the cells 21 should preferably be adjacent the input 32).
  • the hot air/liquid heat exchanger 35 is connected via a pump 42 and valve 107, with a heat exchanger in the hot water service 11.
  • a pump 42 and valve 107 a heat exchanger in the hot water service 11.
  • the liquid in the heat exchanger 35, and the potable water in the hot water service 11 do not mix.
  • the pump 42 can be turned off to save power thereby allowing the liquid to drain from the heat exchanger 35.
  • the heat exchanger 35 is not subjected to the relatively high liquid pressures of the building potable water supply. During daylight hours, when the collector array 3 is generating heat, hot liquid passes from the heat exchanger 35 to heat the hot water service 11.
  • valve 108 During the winter months, hot water is also passed via valve 108 to the piping array 6 which heats the floor 5 of the building 1. However, in the summer months, the valve 108 is closed and another valve 109 is opened thereby allowing a pump 43 to circulate cold water from the under floor water tank 10 through the piping array 6 to thereby cool the floor 5.
  • a heat bank 50 which preferably takes the form of individual wax "candles" 55 each located within its own tubular plastic housing, the wax undergoing a phase change at typically approximately 40°C.
  • the wax stores heat when passing from a solid to a molten condition and gives out heat when passing from a molten to a solid condition.
  • Other phase change materials including mineral salts can also be used.
  • the heat bank 50 is connected via a blower or fan 44 and dampers or valves 101-106 with the array 3, hot air outlets 51 which lead into the interior 7 of the building 1, an air inlet 52 from the interior 7, and the heat source 12.
  • valve 101 When the solar collector 3 is producing heat, hot air passes from the output duct 33 via valve 101 to the heat bank 50 and then passes via the blower or fan 44 through valve 104 to the input duct 32. This flow of air fundamentally stores heat within the heat bank 50 for use at a later time.
  • valve 105 can be manipulated so as to allow some of the hot air from the output duct 33 to pass into the interior 7 of the building via the hot air outlets 51. This provides day time heating.
  • valve 104 is closed and the valves 102 and 105 are opened thereby allowing air heated by the heat bank 50 to circulate through the air inlets 52, the valve 102, the heat bank 50 , the vale 105 and the hot air outlets 51.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 a second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated and which is particularly suitable for installation in existing buildings. In all installations it is desirable that the various components of the system be compactly located relative to each other since the volume occupied by the installed equipment should preferably be as small as possible. However, in new buildings there is generally more scope for changing the building itself to better suit the overall system whilst in existing buildings the building itself is generally not changed to minimize expenditure. The second embodiment illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 makes this minimization of expenditure possible.
  • the collector 3, building interior 7 and heat source 12 are essentially as before. However, the remaining components to supply hot air can be located within the cabinet 50 used primarily to house the heat bank "candles" 55. In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, the solar collector array 3 only provides hot air so no hot water is provided nor is any electricity generated.
  • the various flow paths for heated air in Figs. 9 and 10 are essentially as explained above in relation to Fig. 8. However, the compact geometrical relationship of the system components is apparent from Fig. 9.
  • the above described solar energy system provides hot air for space heating and, if desired, enables the simultaneous provision of electrical energy, and/or heat for hot water. Because the system is integrated, the overall cost is reduced relative to three individual systems because of the utilization of common components. Furthermore, aesthetically the solar collector array 3 is quite unobtrusive and can combine solar thermal absorbers and photovoltaic cells in an aesthetically pleasing manner. Further, the modular nature of the array and the sealing of the individual cells of the array make for both inexpensive construction and quick and inexpensive installation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
EP04705740A 2003-02-05 2004-01-28 Sonnenenergiesystem Withdrawn EP1595098A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003900506A AU2003900506A0 (en) 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Heat and power solar tiles
AU2003900506 2003-02-05
PCT/AU2004/000094 WO2004070281A1 (en) 2003-02-05 2004-01-28 Solar energy system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1595098A1 true EP1595098A1 (de) 2005-11-16
EP1595098A4 EP1595098A4 (de) 2006-05-03

Family

ID=30005206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04705740A Withdrawn EP1595098A4 (de) 2003-02-05 2004-01-28 Sonnenenergiesystem

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060124276A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1595098A4 (de)
AU (1) AU2003900506A0 (de)
WO (1) WO2004070281A1 (de)

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US7884279B2 (en) 2006-03-16 2011-02-08 United Technologies Corporation Solar tracker
DE102006023616A1 (de) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-22 Pilz, Ulrich, Dr.-Ing. Anordnung und Verfahren zur Energiegewinnung aus der Sonnenstrahlung
FR2927157B1 (fr) * 2008-01-31 2012-11-23 Patrick Claude Henri Magnier Panneau d'echange thermique, procede de fabrication et dispositif de couverture d'une construction
US8859882B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2014-10-14 Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. Solid state heat pipe heat rejection system for space power systems
US8196369B2 (en) * 2010-01-28 2012-06-12 Frank Pao Building integrated thermal electric hybrid roofing system
US8201382B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2012-06-19 Frank Pao Building integrated thermal electric hybrid roofing system
US8365500B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2013-02-05 Frank Pao Optimized building integrated hybrid roofing system
US20130269756A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-10-17 Frank Pao Tall Slate BITERS
US10094595B1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2018-10-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Solar heat collector
CN103090556B (zh) * 2013-02-28 2014-12-24 山东力诺新材料有限公司 真空平板太阳能集热器及所用单体吸热器
EP3287713B1 (de) * 2015-04-21 2023-08-23 T & T Multielétrica, Lda Modulares fassaden oder abdeckelement mit sonnenenergierückgewinnung für warmwassererzeugung, klimatisierung und belüftung
CN105202669B (zh) * 2015-10-26 2016-04-06 河北工业大学 一种应用太阳能加热新风的室内空气净化系统
EP3173702A1 (de) 2015-11-19 2017-05-31 Systovi Verfahren zur nutzung einer fotovoltaiksanlage und fotovoltaiksanlage
FR3044077B1 (fr) * 2015-11-19 2019-04-19 Systovi Installation de production d'electricite pour climatiser
FR3044076B1 (fr) * 2015-11-19 2019-05-10 Systovi Installation de production d'energie avec stockage
CN106440514A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-02-22 英豪阳光(北京)节能科技服务有限公司 一种太阳能空气源热泵设备
CN107178910B (zh) * 2017-05-22 2019-06-11 东北电力大学 一种基于cpvt和梯级蓄热的太阳能供热系统
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CN110043943A (zh) * 2019-03-17 2019-07-23 沈阳建筑大学 一种太阳能室内供暖系统
CN113063178B (zh) * 2021-05-19 2022-10-21 大连理工大学 机泵联驱增焓型pvt热泵户用发电供暖供冷及热水四联供系统
CN113639486A (zh) * 2021-09-17 2021-11-12 华东交通大学 一种基于光伏光热的地源热泵耦合系统
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US20060124276A1 (en) 2006-06-15
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