EP1575785B1 - Element de securite et procede de fabrication de celui-ci - Google Patents

Element de securite et procede de fabrication de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1575785B1
EP1575785B1 EP03767653A EP03767653A EP1575785B1 EP 1575785 B1 EP1575785 B1 EP 1575785B1 EP 03767653 A EP03767653 A EP 03767653A EP 03767653 A EP03767653 A EP 03767653A EP 1575785 B1 EP1575785 B1 EP 1575785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security element
security
printed image
cover layer
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP03767653A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1575785A2 (fr
Inventor
Mario Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP1575785A2 publication Critical patent/EP1575785A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1575785B1 publication Critical patent/EP1575785B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/22—Nonparticulate element embedded or inlaid in substrate and visible

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element comprising a carrier film and a cover layer applied to the carrier film, which has recesses in the form of characters or patterns which form visually and / or machine-readable first information.
  • the invention further relates to a security paper and a valuable article with such a security element, as well as a method for producing such a security element.
  • Security threads are typically made of a plastic film, which are coated, printed, colored or pigmented substances with metallic coating.
  • the metallic coated threads are arranged partially or completely inside the paper, then these areas are almost invisible in incident light, but appear in transmitted light as striking black stripes. Such an effect can not be imitated by a print on the paper and therefore contributes particularly to the security against counterfeiting.
  • Security films are also known which contain diffraction patterns, such as holograms, kinegrams or pixelgrams. The protection against counterfeiting of these elements is based on the variable color impression, which they convey to the observer depending on the viewing direction. Such security films are often in the form of strips or labels on valuables, such as value documents, or for product protection applied to any other objects to be secured.
  • the security threads or the security films are often provided with a so-called negative writing.
  • This negative writing is formed by metal-free regions in an otherwise continuous metallic coating of the carrier material of the security element.
  • the element In the backlight, the element itself appears dark because of the opaque metallic coating.
  • the metal-free areas stand out from this dark background easily recognizable bright.
  • the special securing effect of the negative writing lies in particular in the complex and complex production process, which requires a lot of technical experience, a lot of equipment, special printing inks and a variety of steps.
  • thermoplastic resin ink is printed on the metal-coated side of a film, which softens upon heating and intimately bonds with the metal layer. If one laminates a pretreated film under heat and pressure against a second untreated film and separates the two films after cooling, then the ink or the areas of the metallic coatings corresponding to the characters or patterns are removed from the first film.
  • WO 99/04983 is a security document, for example a banknote, a security or an identity card, known, with a security element, which has at least one machine-testable, magnetic layer and at least one further layer.
  • This further layer is a partially transparent layer in the visual spectral region, which covers the magnetic layer.
  • a security paper with a security element in the form of a thread or ribbon which consists of a translucent plastic film with at least partially opaque coating, wherein the coating translucent areas in the form of visually and / or machine-readable characters or patterns that form a first piece of information.
  • a second information in the form of visually and / or machine-readable characters or patterns is arranged, which distinguishes them from the first information regarding their size and / or their visual impression.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a security element and a method for its production, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a visually appealing design of the security element is to be associated with low production costs even for short runs or series with varying information content.
  • a printed image is arranged, which forms a visually and / or machine-readable second information, wherein the information content of the first and the second information is different.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that for the register-containing printed image in the recesses digital printing can be used, which can not be used in direct securities printing due to their widespread use and easy handling due to the imitation risk.
  • the securing effect is already brought about by the complex production process of the covering layer with recesses. It is therefore not necessary to use as counterfeit-proof method for impression in the recesses. Rather, a printed image is economically introduced into the recesses by means of digital printing, even in small batches, the information content of which differs according to the invention from the information content formed by the recesses itself.
  • banknotes of different denominations with the same geometric shape of the recesses can each be provided with a denomination representing print image in the recesses.
  • an individual design of each security element such as by different colors, gradients or a code number is possible.
  • the cover layer may be opaque, screened or at least partially transparent. In this case, combinations of these designs are possible, the cover layer may be opaque in other areas and rasterized in other areas.
  • the grid may have approximately the shape of a dot matrix, a line grid or a grid of repetitive similar raster elements of any geometric shape.
  • the cover layer comprises a metal coating.
  • the metal coating may be formed of aluminum, gold, copper, iron, nickel or an alloy containing one or more of these metals.
  • the metal layer is preferably applied to the carrier film by the vacuum vapor method or by electron beam evaporation.
  • Metallic cover layers are due to their Glaze effect visually very attractive and therefore can also be arranged on the surface of a value document.
  • the metal coating may additionally be combined with a plastic layer in which a surface relief in the form of a diffraction structure is embossed. As a result, an optically variable effect, in particular a viewing angle-dependent color impression, can be generated.
  • the cover layer may also include a dielectric layer structure that is opaque or partially transparent. Such layer structures also produce different color impressions in the viewer when the viewing angle changes in reflection. Such cover layers are also visually appealing and can therefore also be arranged on the surface of a value document.
  • the production of the recesses takes place either by subsequent removal of the metal layer by etching or by Schichtabtrag, for example by means of a laser.
  • the so-called “washing process” is used, in which a printing ink in the form of the later recesses is printed onto a carrier film before the application of the covering layer. After the full-surface application of the covering layer, this printing ink is dissolved by means of a suitable solvent, preferably water, so that both the printing ink and the covering layer are removed in this area.
  • the printed image introduced into the recesses may be finely structured and / or highly resolved, such as a pattern of guilloche lines.
  • the printed image may contain a printing ink containing luminescent pigments, magnetic pigments, liquid crystal pigments and / or interference layer pigments. By printing inks with liquid crystal pigments or interference layer pigments can produce optically variable effects in the printed image.
  • the printed image can also be multicolored or formed from a plurality of printing inks with different pigment content.
  • the printed image forms letters, numbers or any geometric figures representing the visually and / or machine-readable second information.
  • a first visually and / or machine readable information is already formed by the recesses in the cover layer.
  • the recesses may form letters, numbers or geometric figures, but according to the invention, the first and second information are different.
  • the recesses may form geometric figures in which a key figure, such as the denomination of a banknote, a portrait or a symbol, such as a country flag, is imprinted.
  • the printed image is imprinted according to the invention with a digital printing process in the recesses.
  • digital printing methods denote printing methods in which the information is brought directly from a computer to the medium to be printed without creating a print template.
  • Digital printing methods preferably used in the invention include virtual digital printing methods such as inkjet, thermal sublimation or thermal transfer, temporary digital printing methods such as electrophotographic methods, ionography or magnetography, in particular toner-based printing methods such as laser printing or liquid-color methods such as indigo.
  • virtual digital printing methods such as inkjet, thermal sublimation or thermal transfer
  • temporary digital printing methods such as electrophotographic methods, ionography or magnetography
  • toner-based printing methods such as laser printing or liquid-color methods such as indigo.
  • Inkjet or inkjet printing refers to a variety of monochrome or color non-impact printing technologies that use liquid or melted inks based on dyes or pigments, the inks.
  • the droplets of ink may either be discontinuously shot onto the print substrate on demand (drop-on-demand), or a continuous stream of droplets of defined diameter droplets will be generated, and the droplets not required for the imaging will be electrically charged as they pass through a charging station deflected under the influence of an electric field in a droplet catcher, so that only the uncharged droplets for imaging on the printing substrate pass (continuous inkjet).
  • Electrophotographic printing methods are various technologies in which a drum coated with photoreceptor material is rendered electrically conductive by irradiation by means of lasers or light emitting diodes. At the irradiated points toner accumulates, which is transferred to the printing substrate and fixed under heat.
  • the cover layer with the recesses is preferably first applied to the carrier film, and then generates the printed image in digital printing in register in the recesses of the cover layer. It is thus not necessary to produce the printed image before the application of the covering layer in a separate printing layer. Alternatively, it is also possible to first produce the printed image and then apply the cover layer.
  • the security element forms a security thread or a tear thread, or a transfer element or a label for securing a valuables item.
  • the invention also includes a security paper provided with a security element of the type described in the form of a thread or a ribbon.
  • the security element can be embedded as a window security thread in the security paper or be arranged completely on the surface of the security paper. Of course, it is also possible to embed the security thread completely in the paper.
  • the security paper can be provided with a security element of the type described in the form of a transfer element adhered to the security paper.
  • the printed image arranged in the recesses repeats the motif of another printed image of the security paper, such as a country flag, a denomination, a portrait or an architectural motif.
  • a design leads to a graphically appealing design of the security paper and makes forgeries easily recognizable.
  • the invention also includes a valuable article which is provided with a security element of the type described, in particular in the form of a preferably affixed to the valuable article, transfer element or label.
  • a security element of the type described in particular in the form of a preferably affixed to the valuable article, transfer element or label.
  • the individual layers of the security element can be generated directly on the object of value or prepared on a separate carrier.
  • the security element can be designed as a self-supporting label, or it is produced on a transfer material from which it in the desired outline shape on the valuable item is transmitted.
  • a hot-melt adhesive is preferably used for fixation on the object of value.
  • the valuable item may be value documents, product packaging or any other items to be secured.
  • the security elements can be used as Kaschierfolien in passports or other identity cards.
  • the value documents provided with the security element can in turn be used to secure other items.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10, which has an embedded window security thread 12 and a glued transfer element is provided with diffraction structures 18.
  • the window security thread 12 comes to the surface of the bank note 10 at certain areas 14 with its shiny metallic coating, while it is embedded in the intervening areas 16 inside the bank note 10.
  • the transfer element 18 is glued to the surface of the banknote 10 with a hot melt adhesive. Both the window security thread 12 and the transfer element 18 have a cover layer with in Fig.1 not shown recesses, in which in digital printing a printed image is introduced.
  • the structure and design of a security element according to the invention will be explained in more detail using the security thread 12 as an example.
  • the transfer element 18 or other embodiments of security elements may be designed analogously. In this case, it is merely necessary to ensure that the layer sequence in the case of transfer elements is present in reverse order on a carrier film, so that the security element applied to the object of value has the construction shown in the figures.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the layer structure of the security thread 12 in cross section.
  • the security thread 12 comprises a transparent plastic layer 20 onto which a metallic coating 22, in the exemplary embodiment an aluminum layer, is applied.
  • the metal layer 22 has recesses 24 in the form of letters, numbers or geometric shapes, which can be mounted both in the areas 14 lying on the surface of the banknote 10 and in the areas 16 located in the interior of the paper. For the areas 16 located in the interior, the information of the shape of the recesses 24 is only visible or readable in transmitted light. For the lying on the surface areas 14 of the security thread 12, the information shown in the incident light can be seen.
  • the Recesses 24 of the metal layer 22 is a printed image 26 imprinted in digital printing.
  • the metal layer 22 is applied with the recesses 24 on the plastic film 20 and then in a subsequent step, the printed image 26 with a digital printing method, in the embodiment with an ink jet method, register-generated in the recesses 24 of the metal layer 22.
  • the shape of the recesses 24 forms a first piece of information that can be machine readable visually or for a reader for a viewer.
  • the print image 26 then represents a second information other than the first information within the recesses 24, which may also be visually or machine readable. It can be provided that the information of the printed image 26 is visible only by special measures, such as heating, cooling or irradiation with ultraviolet or infrared light, so the printed image 26 can be designed, for example, thermochromic or luminescent.
  • the printed image 26 can first be produced to produce the layer structure, then the metal layer with the recesses can be applied. Also conceivable is a combination of a printed image produced in digital printing with a cover layer which is produced by printing super silver.
  • Fig. 3 to 5 show some advantageous variants of the design of the recesses 24 and the print image 26 in a security thread 12 in a schematic representation.
  • Fig. 3 has the security thread 12, as in the Fig. 2 , an opaque metal coating 22 made of aluminum.
  • the metal layer 22 is provided with recesses 30, 34 in the form of rectangular windows and recesses 32 in the form of a code indicating the denomination of the banknote, for which the security thread 12 is determined in the embodiment.
  • the denomination of the banknote is additionally printed as print image 36 or 38 in digital printing in the rectangular windows 30 and 34, respectively.
  • the printed images 36 and 38 can each be multicolored and / or executed differently in different rectangular windows 30 and 34, respectively.
  • the print image 36 is bicolored with opaque ink, while the print 38 is made with a luminescent color. When excited with UV light, this printed image lights up and thus contributes to a high security against counterfeiting of the banknote 10.
  • digit-shaped recesses 32 which represent the outline of the banknote 10 in its outline
  • a representation of the country flag 40 of the issuing country is imprinted in digital printing. The printing is done according to the color of each flag. Again, inks can be used with pigments that produce special optical effects.
  • FIG Fig. 4 A further embodiment of a security element according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown.
  • the security thread is designed with a covering layer in the form of a regular metal grid 42, which has rectangular recesses 44.
  • the recesses 44 as already in connection with the embodiment of Fig. 3 described in digital printing, for example, the denomination of the banknote 46 or a country flag 48 imprinted.
  • the metal layer is not flat, but designed as a sequence of smaller geometric units.
  • FIG. 5 The metal layer is applied in the form of spaced circular elements 50 on the carrier film 20.
  • a printed image is arranged, which also consists of geometric shapes.
  • the printed image is formed by spaced colored triangles 52 which are each printed in the middle between two adjacent metal elements 50 in digital printing. It is understood that instead of the triangles 52 also other geometric shapes or, as in the 3 and 4 The denomination of the banknote and / or the country flag can be represented.

Landscapes

  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) comprenant une couche de revêtement (22 ; 42 ; 50) qui comporte des évidements (24 ; 30 ; 32 ; 34 ; 44) sous forme de signes ou de motifs qui constituent une première information lisible visuellement et/ou par machine, une image imprimée (26 ; 36 ; 38 ; 40 ; 46 ; 48 ; 52) constituant une deuxième information lisible visuellement et/ou par machine étant disposée en repérage dans les évidements (24 ; 30 ; 32 ; 34 ; 44), caractérisé en ce que la teneur en information de la première et de la deuxième information est différente.
  2. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement (22 ; 42 ; 50) est opaque au moins dans des zones partielles.
  3. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement (22 ; 42 ; 50) est tramée au moins dans des zones partielles, notamment réalisée sous forme d'une trame à points, d'une trame lignée ou d'une trame constituée d'éléments de trame similaires qui se répètent.
  4. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement (22 ; 42 ; 50) est partiellement transparente au moins dans des zones partielles.
  5. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement (22 ; 42 ; 50) comporte un revêtement de métal, il étant préféré que le revêtement de métal est constitué d'aluminium, d'or, de cuivre, de fer de nickel ou d'un alliage qui contient un ou plusieurs de ces métaux.
  6. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement (22 ; 42 ; 50) comporte une structure stratifiée diélectrique qui génère différentes impressions de couleur quand l'angle d'observation en réflexion change.
  7. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la structure stratifiée diélectrique est opaque ou partiellement transparente.
  8. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (12, 18) comporte une couche en matière plastique dans laquelle un relief superficiel est gaufré sous forme d'une structure de diffraction.
  9. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'image imprimée (26 ; 36 ; 38 ; 40 ; 46 ; 48 ; 52) est finement structurée et/ou à haute résolution.
  10. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'image imprimée (26 ; 36 ; 38 ; 40 ; 46 ; 48 ; 52) contient une encre d'impression qui contient des pigments luminescents, des pigments magnétiques, des pigments à cristaux liquides et/ou des pigments de couche d'interférence.
  11. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'image imprimée (26 ; 36 ; 38 ; 40 ; 46 ; 48 ; 52) est multicolore ou est constituée d'encres d'impression à différentes teneurs en pigments.
  12. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'image imprimée (26 ; 36 ; 38 ; 40 ; 46 ; 48 ; 52) constitue des lettres, des chiffres ou des figures géométriques.
  13. Elément de sécurité (12, 18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les évidements (24 ; 30 ; 32 ; 34 ; 44) constituent des lettres, des chiffres ou des figures géométriques.
  14. Elément de sécurité (12) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité constitue un fil sécurité (12) ou une bandelette d'arrachage.
  15. Elément de sécurité (18) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité constitue un élément de transfert (18) ou une étiquette pour la sécurisation d'un objet de valeur tel qu'un document de valeur.
  16. Papier de sûreté (10) comportant un élément de sécurité (12) selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 15.
  17. Papier de sûreté selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité se présente sous forme d'un fil ou d'un ruban.
  18. Papier de sûreté (10) selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (12) est encastré sous forme de fil de sécurité à fenêtre dans le papier de sûreté (10).
  19. Papier de sûreté (10) selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité est disposé entièrement sur la surface du papier de sûreté (10).
  20. Document de valeur comprenant un élément de sécurité selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 15.
  21. Document de valeur (10) selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que l'image imprimée (26 ; 36 ; 38 ; 40 ; 46 ; 48 ; 52) disposée dans les évidements (24 ; 30 ; 32 ; 34 ; 44) réitère le motif d'une autre image imprimée du papier de sûreté (10), tel que le drapeau d'un pays, une dénomination, un portrait ou un motif architectural.
  22. Objet de valeur qui est pourvu d'un élément de sécurité (12, 18) sous forme d'un élément de transfert (18) ou d'une étiquette appliqué(e) sur l'objet de valeur selon au moins une des revendications de 1 à 15.
  23. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité comportant une image imprimée et une couche de revêtement, la couche de revêtement présentant des évidements sous forme de signes ou de motifs, la couche de revêtement comportant les évidements étant tout d'abord appliquée sur une feuille-support, et l'image imprimée étant ensuite générée en repérage par impression numérique dans les évidements de la couche de revêtement.
  24. Procédé selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que la couche de revêtement comprend une couche métallique, de préférence une couche en aluminium, or, cuivre, fer, nickel ou en un alliage qui contient un de ces métaux, et en ce que la couche métallique est appliquée par procédé d'évaporation sous vide ou par procédé d'évaporation par faisceau d'électrons.
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 23 ou 24, caractérisé en ce que l'image imprimée est générée dans les évidements par un procédé virtuel d'impression numérique tel que jet d'encre, thermosublimation ou thermotransfert, par un procédé d'impression numérique temporaire tel qu'un procédé électrophotographique, ionographie ou magnétographie, notamment par un procédé d'impression numérique basé sur toner tel qu'impression laser, ou par un procédé à encre liquide tel qu'Indigo.
EP03767653A 2002-11-28 2003-11-25 Element de securite et procede de fabrication de celui-ci Revoked EP1575785B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10255639A DE10255639A1 (de) 2002-11-28 2002-11-28 Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE10255639 2002-11-28
PCT/EP2003/013247 WO2004049353A2 (fr) 2002-11-28 2003-11-25 Element de securite et procede de fabrication de celui-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1575785A2 EP1575785A2 (fr) 2005-09-21
EP1575785B1 true EP1575785B1 (fr) 2010-09-01

Family

ID=32318777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03767653A Revoked EP1575785B1 (fr) 2002-11-28 2003-11-25 Element de securite et procede de fabrication de celui-ci

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7758078B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1575785B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE479555T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003292113A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10255639A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL211171B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2346825C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA88132C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004049353A2 (fr)

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AU2003292113A1 (en) 2004-06-18
US20060097511A1 (en) 2006-05-11
WO2004049353A2 (fr) 2004-06-10
RU2005120156A (ru) 2006-03-20
US7758078B2 (en) 2010-07-20
DE50313051D1 (de) 2010-10-14
WO2004049353A3 (fr) 2004-11-25
AU2003292113A8 (en) 2004-06-18
UA88132C2 (ru) 2009-09-25
PL375633A1 (en) 2005-12-12
DE10255639A1 (de) 2004-06-17
ATE479555T1 (de) 2010-09-15
EP1575785A2 (fr) 2005-09-21
RU2346825C2 (ru) 2009-02-20
PL211171B1 (pl) 2012-04-30

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