Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
  • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
  • A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/46—8-Azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane; Derivatives thereof, e.g. atropine, cocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/16—Central respiratory analeptics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to tiotropium containing stable pharmaceutical solution formulations suitable for aerosol administration. More particularly, this invention relates to tiotropium containing stable pharmaceutical solution formulations suitable for aerosol administration wherein either an inorganic acid or an organic acid is added to the aerosol solution formulation which contains a tiotropium salt, preferably tiotropium bromide in solution with an environmentally safe hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) as a propellant, together with an organic compound as a cosolvent.
• HFC hydrofluorocarbon
• the acid provides stability against degradation or decomposition of the medicament resulting largely from interaction of the medicament with the cosolvent and/or water present in the solution formulation.
• Tiotropium bromide is a highly effective anticholinergic with a long-lasting activity which can be used to treat respiratory complaints, particularly COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and asthma.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• tiotropium refers to the free ammonium cation.
• tiotropium bromide can also occur in form of hydrofluorocarbon containing aerosol solution formulations.
• MDIs pressurized, metered-dose inhalers
• aerosol formulations can be administered by inhalation through the mouth or topically by application to the nasal mucosa.
• Formulations for aerosol administration via MDIs can be solutions or suspensions.
• Solution formulations offer the advantage of being homogeneous in nature with the medicament and excipient completely dissolved in the propellant vehicle. Solution formulations also obviate physical stability problems associated with suspension formulations and thus assure more consistent uniform dosage administration while also eliminating the need for surfactants.
• the administration of aerosol solution formulations via MDIs is dependent upon the propulsive force of the propellant system used in its manufacture.
• the propellant comprised a mixture of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to provide the desired solubility, vapor pressure, and stability of the formulation.
• CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
• HFC hydrofluorocarbon
• 4,174,295 discloses the use of propellant systems consisting of combinations of HFCs, which may also contain a saturated hydrocarbon component, suitable for application in the fields of home products such as hair lacquers, anti- perspiration products, perfumes, deodorants, paints, insecticides and the like. It is known in the art that certain HFCs have properties suitable for use as propellants for the aerosol administration of medicaments. For example, published European patent Application No.
• HFC-134(a) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
• adjuvant a compound having a higher polarity than the HFC-134(a)
• surface active agent a compound having a higher polarity than the HFC-134(a)
• PCT Published Application No. W091/11496 discloses the use of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227), optionally mixed with other propellant components, for use in preparing suspension aerosol formulations of medicaments.
• US-A-2 868 641 and US-A-3 282781 disclose aerosol compositions comprising a medicament (epinephrine or isoproterenol HCl), a cosolvent, a propellant and ascorbic acid as anti-oxidant.
• European Patent EP 673 240 Bl proposes the addition of acids to medicinal aerosol formulations in order to provide for the stabilization of the medicament.
• aerosol solution formulation means a pharmaceutical formulation of a medicament suitable for aerosol administration wherein the medicament and excipients are completely dissolved.
• stable aerosol solution formulation means an aerosol solution formulation which exhibits substantial chemical stability over time.
• the present invention provides stabilized aerosol solution formulations comprising a tiotropium salt, an HFC propellant, a cosolvent, and an inorganic or an organic acid, characterized in that the concentration of the acid is in a range that corresponds with a pH range of 2.5 - 4.5 in aqueous solution.
• the concentration of the acid is in a range that corresponds with a pH range of 3.0 - 4.3, more preferred 3.5 - 4.0 in aqueous solution.
• a small amount of water (up to about 5%, preferably up to about 3 % by weight, ) may also be present in the propellant/cosolvent system.
• the aerosol solution formulation according to the invention preferably contains 0.00008 to 0.4 %, preferably 0.0004 to 0.16 %, more preferably 0.0008 to 0.08 % tiotropium.
• tiotropium is meant the free ammonium cation.
• the counter-ion may be chloride, bromide, iodide, methanesulphonate or para-toluenesulphonate. Of these anions, the bromide is " preferred.
• the aforementioned amounts correspond to 0.000096 to 0.48 % tiotropium bromide, preferably 0.00048 to 0,192 %, more preferably 0.00096 to 0.096 % tiotropium bromide.
• Tiotropium bromide is, depending on the choice of reaction conditions and solvents, obtainable in different crystalline modifications. Most preferred according to the invention are those formulations, that contain tiotropium in form of the tiotropium bromide monohydrate as disclosed in WO 02/30928. This tiotropium bromide monohydrate is characterised by an endothermic peak at 230 ⁇ 5°C as determined by DSC.
• the aerosol solution formulations according to the invention preferably contains 0.0001 to 0.5 % tiotropium bromide monohydrate, preferably 0.0005 to 0.2 %, more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 % tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
• Suitable HFC propellants are those which, when mixed with the cosolvent(s), form a homogeneous propellant system in which a therapeutically effective amount of the medicament can be dissolved.
• the HFC propellant must be toxicologically safe and must have a vapor pressure which is suitable to enable the medicament to be administered via a pressurized MDI. Additionally, the HFC propellant must be compatible with the components of the MDI device (such as containers, valves, and sealing gaskets, etc.) which is employed to administer the medicament.
• Preferred HFC propellants are 1 , 1 , 1 ,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134(a)) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3,-he ⁇ tafmoro ⁇ ropane (HFC-227).
• HFC- 134(a) is particularly preferred.
• HFC propellants are HFC-32 (difluoromethane), HFC-143(a) (1,1,1-trifluoroethane), HFC-134 (1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane), an HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane).
• non-halogenated hydrocarbon propellants may be used in place of the HFC propellants in the present invention.
• non- halogenated hydrocarbons are saturated hydrocarbons, including propane, n-butane, and isobutane, and ethers, including diethyl ether.
• a substantially non-aqueous HFC propellant/cosolvent system is preferred.
• Water may be present in small amounts as an impurity in the HFC propellant cosolvent system, may be introduced during the manufacturing process or may permeate into the system through the valve or valve/container seals or gaskets. If desired, small amounts of water may be added (up to about 5%, preferably up to about 2 % by weight) to the HFC/propellant system, for example, to aid in manufacturing.
• the acid in the formulations according to the invention may be any inorganic or mineral acid, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or phosphoric acid, or the like. From the aforementioned acids hydrochloric acid is of particular interest.
• the acid may also be selected from the group of acids known to those skilled in the art as organic acids, which are in most cases considered to be weak acids relative to the inorganic acids.
• organic acids which are in most cases considered to be weak acids relative to the inorganic acids.
• Representative of this group and preferred in this invention are ascorbic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, benzoic acid and tartaric acid.
• citric acid and ascorbic acid are the most preferred organic acids.
• formulations according to the invention can be prepared in analogy to methods known in the art.
• a soluble surface active agent can be added in order to improve the performance of valve systems employed in the MDI devices used for the aerosol administration of the formulations.
• preferred surface active agents are sorbitan trioleate, lecithin, and isopropylmyristate.
• Other suitable lubricants are well known in the art (see, for example, Published European Patent Application No. 0372777 (EPO 893122705)).
• excipients are: (a) antioxidants, for example ascorbic acid and tocopherol; (b) taste masking agents, for example, menthol, sweeteners, and artificial or natural flavors; and (c) pressure modifying agents, for example, n-pentane, iso-pentane, neo-pentane, and n-hexane.
• antioxidants for example ascorbic acid and tocopherol
• taste masking agents for example, menthol, sweeteners, and artificial or natural flavors
• pressure modifying agents for example, n-pentane, iso-pentane, neo-pentane, and n-hexane.
• cosolvents applicable within the formulations according to the invention are: alcohols, for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol; glycols for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, glycol ethers, and block copolymers of oxyethylene and oxypropylene; and other substances, for example, glycerol, poryoxyethylene alcohols, polyoxtethylene fatty acid esters, and glycofurols (for example glycofurol 75).
• alcohols for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol
• glycols for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, glycol ethers, and block copolymers of oxyethylene and oxypropylene
• other substances for example, glycerol, poryoxyethylene alcohols, polyoxtethylene fatty acid esters, and glycofurols (for example
• cosolvents examples include hydrocarbons, for example, n-propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, iso-pentane, neo- pentane, and n-hexane; and ethers, for example, diethyl ether.
• a preferred cosolvent according to this invention is ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
• the amount of cosolvent is preferably in the range of 5 - 50% (w/w) of the total composition. More preferably, the amount of co-solvent in the formulation according to the invention is in the range of 10 - 40 % (w/w), preferably in the range of 15 - 30 %.
• the formulations according to the invention may contain water a small amount of water.
• One preferred embodiment of the invention pertains to formulations that contain water in an amount of up to 5% (w/w), preferably of up to 3 % (w/w).
• Another preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to formulations that do not contain any water.
• the amount of cosolvent is preferably in the range of about 20 - 50% (w/w), more preferably in the range of about 30 - 40% (w/w).
• the anhydrous form of tiotropium bromide obtainable from the tiotropium bromide monohydrate mentioned hereinbefore can be used.
• the anhydrous form is obtained from the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate disclosed in WO 02/30928 by careful drying at more than 50°C, preferably at 60-100°C, most preferably at 70-100°C, under reduced pressure, preferably in a high vacuum over a period of 15 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 20 minutes to 12 hours, most preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.
• reduced pressure most preferably refers to a pressure of up to 5 x 10 "2 bar, preferably 1 x 10 "2 bar, most preferably 5 x 10 "3 bar.
• the abovementioned dehydration to form the anhydrate is carried out at about 1 x 10 "3 bar or less.
• the anhydrous form may also be prepared by storing the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate over a drying agent, preferably over dried silica gel at ambient temperature for a period of 12 to 96 hours, preferably 18 to 72 hours, most preferably at least 24 hours.
• the anhydrous form thus obtained should be stored more or less dry, depending on the particle size, to preserve its anhydrous state.
• storage at ⁇ 75 % r.h. (relative humidity) is sufficient to maintain the anhydrous state.
• the micronised state i.e.
• the crystalline structure of the anhydrous form of tiotropium bromide can be described as a layered structure.
• the bromide ions are located between the layers of tiotropium. Further details concerning the determination of the crystalline structure of the said anhydrous form are outlined in the experimental part of this patent application.
• a further preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to a stabilized aerosol solution formulation
• a stabilized aerosol solution formulation comprising anhydrous tiotropium bromide characterized by the aforementioned parameters, an HFC propellant, a cosolvent, and an inorganic or an organic acid, characterized in that the concentration of the acid is in a range that corresponds with a pH range of 2.5 - 4.5 in aqueous solution and further characterized in that the formulation is free of water.
• the invention is directed to the use of an aerosol solution formulation as described hereinbefore for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory complaints, particularly COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and asthma.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• the invention is directed to a method for treatment of respiratory complaints, such as in particular COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or asthma, characterized by the administration of an aerosol solution formulation as described hereinbefore.
• respiratory complaints such as in particular COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or asthma
• the aformentioned formulations can be prepared by conventional methods known in the state of the art.
• the anhydrous form is produced from the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate (obtainable as described in WO 02/30928) by careful drying at 80 -100 °C under reduced pressure, preferably under a high vacuum (at about 1 x 10 " bar or less) over a period of at least 30 minutes.
• the anhydrous form may also be prepared by storing over dried silica gel at ambient temperature for a period of at least 24 hours.
• the crystalline anhydrous tiotropium bromide according to the invention may be obtained from crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
• the crystalline structure of anhydrous tiotropium bromide was determined from high- resolution X-ray powder data (synchrotron radiation) using a real space approach with a so-called simulated annealing process. A final Rietveld analysis was carried out to refine the structural parameters.
• Table 1 contains the experimental data obtained for crystalline, anhydrous tiotropium bromide.
• Table 1 Experimental data relating to the crystalline structural analysis of tiotropium bromide (anhydrous)
• the crystalline structure of the anhydrous form of tiotropium bromide can be described as a layered structure.
• the bromide ions are located between the layers of tiotropium.
• the structural resolution was obtained by a so-called simulated annealing process.
• the DASH program package produced by Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC, Cambridge, United Kingdom) was used for this.
• Table 2 shows the atomic coordinates obtained for crystalline anhydrous tiotropium bromide.
• Table 3 shows the reflexes (h,k,l indices) of the powder diagram obtained for crystalline anhydrous tiotropium bromide.

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• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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• 2003
  • 2003-12-04 CN CNA2003801063667A patent/CN1726038A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-12-04 BR BR0317340-2A patent/BR0317340A/pt not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-12-04 RU RU2005122444/15A patent/RU2005122444A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-12-04 KR KR1020057010885A patent/KR20050085650A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-12-04 JP JP2004559752A patent/JP2006510680A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-12-04 EP EP03813106A patent/EP1575588A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-12-04 CA CA002510043A patent/CA2510043A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2003-12-04 WO PCT/EP2003/013692 patent/WO2004054580A1/en active Application Filing
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