EP1575067B1 - Pivoting earthing switch with direct insertion and simple movement - Google Patents

Pivoting earthing switch with direct insertion and simple movement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1575067B1
EP1575067B1 EP05101787A EP05101787A EP1575067B1 EP 1575067 B1 EP1575067 B1 EP 1575067B1 EP 05101787 A EP05101787 A EP 05101787A EP 05101787 A EP05101787 A EP 05101787A EP 1575067 B1 EP1575067 B1 EP 1575067B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disconnector
fixed contact
arms
contact
disconnector according
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Not-in-force
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EP05101787A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1575067A1 (en
Inventor
Dianin Ferruccio
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Grid Solutions SpA
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Areva T&D SpA
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Publication of EP1575067A1 publication Critical patent/EP1575067A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/50Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003Earthing switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/12Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/42Knife-and-clip contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/26Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch
    • H01H31/28Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch with angularly-movable contact

Definitions

  • An earthing switch comprising a movable contact assembly pivotable about an axis of rotation and a stationary contact arranged to be electrically connected to an end of said movable contact assembly when said assembly is brought into the closed position. of the disconnector.
  • the invention relates more particularly to an earthing switch intended to be used in transmission and distribution installations of high-voltage electrical energy in the open air and even more particularly to a so-called direct-insertion and single-movement earthing switch. wherein the movement necessary to connect the movable contact assembly with the fixed contact is made by a simple rotation of the movable assembly.
  • the mobile contact assembly is generally called “mobile contact”, and for the sake of simplicity we will use this name in the description that follows.
  • the short-circuit current value that an earthing switch is able to tolerate depends directly on the overheating (the increase of its temperature with respect to the ambient temperature) under short-circuit conditions and, in particular, overheating of the contact area between the fixed contact and the moving contact. For example, it may be specified for an earthing switch to be able to withstand a short circuit current of the order of 50 kA for one second. The behavior of the earthing switch is all the better as the contact pressure between the fixed and moving contacts is high.
  • This configuration implies that the movable contact is electrically connected to a phase of the line, which has drawbacks in particular to ensure the control of the pivoting knife and to ensure the arrangement of the knife in the open position without posing problems of dielectric strength.
  • the two flexible arms of the fixed contact must be sufficiently long and positioned so as to create when the disconnector is closed a loop current that allows to exert on the knife a force that holds it in abutment against the insulating stop .
  • Such dimensioning of the fixed contact requires a large dielectric isolation distance in the space between the pivot of the knife and the fixed contact.
  • an electrodynamic pinch of the knife is created by the parallel currents flowing in the two flexible arms of the fixed contact and which generate a force of mutual attraction between these two arms. It should be noted that with such a configuration, the electrodynamic clamping force of the knife remains lower than the mutual attraction force which tends to bring the two flexible arms closer together.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a direct-insertion and single-movement earthing switch in which the mobile part can be electrically connected to the earth, and in which the fixed part is of relatively small dimensions compared to the part mobile to ensure a dielectric isolation distance relatively low between the fixed and mobile parts in the open position of the disconnector.
  • a second object of the present invention is to exploit the electromagnetic forces that are exerted in a direct insertion and simple-ground earthing switch when a short-circuit current passes through the contacts, to reinforce the maintenance of the disconnector in its fully closed position, and to enhance the mutual contact pressure between the fixed and movable contacts by virtue of an electrodynamic pinch effect provided by leverage amplification of the mutual attraction force which tends to bring together two parallel arms of the movable contact.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a direct-insertion, single-movement earthing switch which can be set in motion by means of a low-torque control, and which makes it possible to dispense with springs to ensure the desired contact pressure between the fixed and movable contact elements.
  • the subject of the invention is an earthing switch as defined in the preamble, characterized in that said movable contact assembly comprises two substantially parallel electrically conducting arms which are bent to each form at least approximately one L, each arm elbow comprising at least one flexible finger which extends at least on the shorter branch of the L, the fixed contact being arranged to be engaged between at least one pair of flexible fingers in the closed position of the disconnector, and that joining means are mechanically connected to the two respective ends of the two bent arms on the shorter branches of the Ls to allow a leverage effect which amplifies the electrodynamic pinch exerted on the fixed contact by the flexible fingers when a current of short circuit or fault current runs through the bent arms.
  • an earthing switch exploits the well-known electrotechnical principle of the elementary force which is exerted on a conductor when it is traversed by a current and when it is subjected to an induction field.
  • electrotechnical principle of the elementary force which is exerted on a conductor when it is traversed by a current and when it is subjected to an induction field.
  • FIG. 1 it is known that two parallel conductive elements d1 traversed in the same direction by a current I undergo a pulling force df which tends to bring them closer to one another. other, and that is proportional to the square of the current.
  • An earthing switch according to the invention for high voltage applications, is a so-called direct insertion and simple movement disconnector. It is formed by a first part movable in rotation and by a second fixed part.
  • the movable portion of the earthing switch is a contact 1 mounted on a conductive rod pivoting about an axis of rotation (not shown) and connected to the potential of the earth.
  • This movable contact 1 comprises two parallel metal arms 2,3 bent to each form an L, and is able to rotate about 90 ° about the axis of rotation which is located in the axial extension of the longest branch of L-arm.
  • the movable contact 1 is electrically connected to the earth potential in its lower section and more precisely near the area of the axis of rotation, while the upper section of the movable contact (the shortest branch of the arms in L) makes the electrical contact with the fixed part of the disconnector.
  • This fixed part of the disconnector here is a cylindrical copper contact 4 which is inserted between the two shorter branches of the L-arms of the movable contact 1 when the disconnector is moved from its open position to its closed position.
  • the disconnector is shown in a complete closed position where the movable contact 1 is in electrical contact with the fixed contact 4.
  • each L-shaped arm 2,3 comprises a first arm portion indicated by the references 2A, 3A which is formed by the longest leg of the L and extends from the axis of rotation to a second arm portion 2B, 3B forming the shorter branch of L.
  • the second arm portion indicated by 2B, 3B extends substantially transversely (perpendicularly) to the first arm portion 2A, 3A .
  • the two branches of an L is strictly rectilinear.
  • a hinge spacer E connects the free ends of the second arm portions 2B, 3B which are flexibly mounted in the sense that they can move independently.
  • the spacer E defines with the second arm portions 2B, 3B an open U-shaped slot indicated by 5 and more visible in FIG. 5.
  • This U-shaped open slot 5 constitutes the upper part of the movable contact 1.
  • the second arm portions 2B, 3B are slit longitudinally to define flexible contact fingers providing even more flexibility in the elastic spacing.
  • each second arm portion is slotted to define two superimposed flexible fingers 2B1,2B2; 3B1,3B2 and the spacer E here comprises two bolts 6 passing through each of the two fingers juxtaposed, for example 2B1,3B1 or 2B2,3B2 and each blocked by a nut 7.
  • the spacer E provides a hinge function with respect to the ends of the flexible fingers and allows the amplified electrodynamic clamping effect, when the second arm portions 2B , 3B tend to get closer as explained later in this.
  • a cylindrical sleeve 8 of electrically insulating material surrounds the rod of each bolt 6 which ensures the independence of the structure of the bolt relative to a resistance to the short-circuit current.
  • the minimum spacing allowed between the two arms 2,3 is regulated by a shim 9 disposed between the two arms 2,3 of the movable contact 1 in the vicinity of the bend. This wedge prevents the two arms from coming too close when the moving contact is traversed by a short-circuit current.
  • the conductive rod 12 with the first arm portions 2A, 3A is inclined with respect to a non-equilibrium vertical position while the cylindrical fixed contact is disposed in the bottom of the open-shaped slot.
  • U in support against the spacer; thus, even when no short-circuit current flows through it, the earthing switch is held in its closed position without it being necessary for the disconnector control mechanism to exert a torque in the opposite direction. closing on the mobile contact 1 pivoting.
  • the spacer Since the spacer is electrically insulated from the fixed contact 4 by the sleeve 8, it does not have to be thermally sized to withstand the short-circuit currents, which makes it independent of the amplitude of the short circuit current from a structural and thermal point of view.
  • electromagnetic forces are exerted in the direction of the arrow F2 on the bent arms 2,3, which tend to bring the fixed contact 4 of the spacer E with the effect of blocking the fixed contact 4 in the bottom of the the slot 5 and therefore an emphasis on maintaining the disconnector in its closed position.
  • FIG. 6 the principle of leveraged electrodynamic clamping is illustrated for a second type of embodiment of an earthing switch according to the invention.
  • the disconnector is shown schematically in partial view from above.
  • the conductive rod in the extension of the two parallel arms 2,3 and the wedge between the arms in the vicinity of the elbow are not shown.
  • the difference with the first type of embodiment with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 relates mainly to the joining means which are mechanically connected to the two respective ends of the two bent arms on the shorter branches of L.
  • These joining means do not include in this case a spacer itself, in the sense that the rigid part 13 is not interposed between the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms. But this piece 13 forms a kind of stirrup which has a section substantially in C and which limits the spacing of flexible fingers.
  • This piece thus performs the same function as the spacer E in the first type of embodiment.
  • the joining means of these two embodiments provide the function of a hinge node for an electrodynamic clamp whose levers are constituted by the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms.
  • the piece 13 is called a screed.
  • This force of attraction F1 resulting from summation of the elementary forces along the length of the flexible fingers returns to a single force of attraction whose point of application on each finger is approximately half the length of the finger.
  • the distance L1 between the point of application of F1 and the hinge node provided by the joining means is approximately equal to the length of the branch. shorter bent arms.
  • This distance L1 is in any case much greater than the distance L2 between one or the other of the two points of application of the clamping force F3 of the fingers 21 and 31 on the fixed contact 4 and the hinge node.
  • the earthing switch of Figure 6 is shown schematically by a side view perpendicular to the plane formed by the bent arm 3 of the disconnector.
  • the shorter branches of each bent arm 2 or 3 are split longitudinally along their length to form flexible fingers, and the slots extend beyond the elbow over a large part of the longest branch of each arm.
  • the flexible fingers obtained are thus bent with the same L-shape as the arms, which increases the elasticity of each finger and increases the effective lever length for the amplification of the electrodynamic pinch by an effect of leverage. This makes it possible to obtain an electrodynamic clamp producing a contact pressure on the fixed contact 4 which is greater than that obtained in the first embodiment.
  • one-piece type joining means such as the yoke 13 makes it possible to produce a hinge node that is stronger and has a lower manufacturing cost than the production of a spacer E with bolts.
  • a ground switch of the second type according to the invention is shown in a partial perspective view.
  • This advantageous embodiment is almost identical to that in relation to FIGS. 6 and 7, and corresponds exactly to one or the other of the embodiments shown respectively in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • single-phase line conductor which supports the fixed contact 4.
  • the earthing switch is in an intermediate open position, and the movable contact assembly 1 is pivoting to operate for example closing the disconnector.
  • FIG. 9 A partial view from above of the earthing switch of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9, in a position where the mobile contact assembly is about to come to connect with the fixed contact 4. Wedge 9 is not shown in this view.
  • the holes 18 of the shoulders of the yoke 13 do not have threading and are not intended for tightening a bolt.
  • the yoke 13 comprises a rectangular plate 13C whose inner face to the yoke has two shoulders 13A and 13B parallel on the two opposite edges which are intended to provide a mechanical connection with the flexible fingers and their metal plates 10 '.
  • Each shoulder 13A or 13B comprises three holes 18 each penetrated by a rod 14 adapted to provide this mechanical connection between the yoke and a finger such as 21 or 31.
  • a sleeve of insulating material 24 is interposed between the wall of a hole 18 and the rod 14 which enters this hole.
  • the portion of the rod that enters the hole 18 is not threaded and is constituted by the end of a bolt that allows the clamping of a plate 10 'against a finger such as 21 or 31 in combination with means
  • the open U-shaped slot has a flared inlet which is formed by the metal plates 10 ', each plate having a tapered end at the entrance to the slot.
  • Each plate has near its beveled end a threaded hole for fixing the plate on an arm 2 or 3 by means of a bolt 17. It is visible that the gap 1 between two plates 10 'opposite, in the open position of the disconnector, is less than the width of the fixed contact 4.
  • each rod 14 alone provides both the mechanical connection function between the yoke 13 and a flexible finger and the function of fixing a metal plate 10 'on a d oigt, while these two functions are exerted by two separate bolts in the device of Figure 6.
  • This construction also reduces the height of the bar 19 in the plane of the figure, thereby reducing the distance L2 shown in Figure 6, while ensuring that the contact area between the fixed contact 4 and the plates 10 'does not have a bolt hole.
  • the leverage amplification of the electrodynamic pinch of the fixed contact is thus increased with respect to the device of FIG. 6.

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  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
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Abstract

The switch has a fixed contact (4) with smaller dimension and electrically connected to a movable contact that has curved arms (2, 3) forming a branch. The contact (4) is engaged between a pair of fingers (21, 31), in closing position of the switch. A clevis and a spacer are connected to ends of the arms to permit lever effect that amplifies electro-dynamic pinch-off exerted on the contact (4) by the fingers.

Description

L'invention porte sur un sectionneur de terre comprenant un ensemble de contact mobile pivotant autour d'un axe de rotation et un contact fixe agencé pour être électriquement connecté à une extrémité dudit ensemble de contact mobile lorsque cet ensemble est amené dans la position de fermeture du sectionneur.An earthing switch comprising a movable contact assembly pivotable about an axis of rotation and a stationary contact arranged to be electrically connected to an end of said movable contact assembly when said assembly is brought into the closed position. of the disconnector.

L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un sectionneur de terre destiné à être utilisé dans les installations de transmission et de distribution d'énergie électrique haute tension à l'air libre et encore plus particulièrement un sectionneur de terre dit à insertion directe et à mouvement simple dans lequel le mouvement nécessaire pour connecter l'ensemble de contact mobile avec le contact fixe est effectué par une simple rotation de cet ensemble mobile. L'ensemble de contact mobile est généralement appelé «contact mobile», et par souci de simplicité nous utiliserons cette appellation dans la description qui suit.The invention relates more particularly to an earthing switch intended to be used in transmission and distribution installations of high-voltage electrical energy in the open air and even more particularly to a so-called direct-insertion and single-movement earthing switch. wherein the movement necessary to connect the movable contact assembly with the fixed contact is made by a simple rotation of the movable assembly. The mobile contact assembly is generally called "mobile contact", and for the sake of simplicity we will use this name in the description that follows.

La valeur de courant de court-circuit qu'un sectionneur de terre est à même de tolérer dépend directement de la surchauffe (l'augmentation de sa température par rapport à la température ambiante) dans des conditions de court-circuit et, en particulier, de la surchauffe de la zone de contact entre le contact fixe et le contact mobile. Par exemple, il peut être spécifié pour un sectionneur de terre d'être capable de supporter un courant de court circuit de l'ordre de 50 kA pendant une seconde. Le comportement du sectionneur de terre est d'autant meilleur que la pression de contact entre les contacts fixe et mobile est élevée.The short-circuit current value that an earthing switch is able to tolerate depends directly on the overheating (the increase of its temperature with respect to the ambient temperature) under short-circuit conditions and, in particular, overheating of the contact area between the fixed contact and the moving contact. For example, it may be specified for an earthing switch to be able to withstand a short circuit current of the order of 50 kA for one second. The behavior of the earthing switch is all the better as the contact pressure between the fixed and moving contacts is high.

Une autre caractéristique de ce type de sectionneurs est leur comportement par rapport aux sollicitations électromagnétiques qui tendent habituellement à ouvrir le circuit électrique dont le sectionneur de terre est l'un des composants. Si cela se produit, les contacts du sectionneur de terre ont tendance à fondre.Another characteristic of this type of disconnectors is their behavior with respect to electromagnetic stresses that usually tend to open the electrical circuit whose earthing switch is one of the components. If this happens, the earthing switch contacts tend to melt.

En général, les meilleures solutions préexistantes concernant l'agencement d'un sectionneur de terre utilisent des pressions de contact élevées dans le cas des sectionneurs de terre à mouvement simple, ou une séparation mécanique entre le mécanisme de rotation du sectionneur et le système de contact, dans le cas des sectionneurs de terre dits à double mouvement. Ces deux solutions ne sont pas réellement satisfaisantes à cause de leur complexité mécanique et conséquemment de leur coût élevé.In general, the best pre-existing solutions for the arrangement of an earthing switch use high contact pressures in the case of single-ground earthing switches, or a mechanical separation between the disconnector rotation mechanism and the contact system. in the case of so-called dual-action earthing switches. These two solutions are not really satisfactory because of their mechanical complexity and consequently their high cost.

Jusqu'à présent, un bon contact électrique entre les contacts d'un sectionneur de terre à mouvement simple est obtenu en utilisant des composants élastiques très rigides, par exemple des ressorts, qui réalisent une pression de contact élevée mais qui induisent des couples de manoeuvre élevés même lorsque le sectionneur n'est pas sous tension (ces couples augmentant proportionnellement à la tension nominale du sectionneur). Un bon contact électrique entre les contacts d'un sectionneur de terre à double mouvement est obtenu en utilisant des mécanismes complexes d'articulation du contact mobile.Up to now, a good electrical contact between the contacts of a single-acting earthing switch is obtained by using very rigid elastic components, for example springs, which produce a high contact pressure but which induce maneuvering torques. high even when the disconnector is not energized (these torques increase proportionally to the rated voltage of the disconnector). Good electrical contact between the contacts of a double-acting earthing switch is achieved by using complex mechanisms of articulation of the moving contact.

Le document US-4490595 décrit un sectionneur de terre à insertion directe et à mouvement simple dans lequel on a cherché à minimiser l'impact des forces électromagnétiques qui s'exercent sur les contacts fixe et mobile notamment lors du passage d'un courant de court-circuit dans les contacts. Une butée isolante bloque la rotation du couteau pivotant qui fait office de contact mobile, et empêche ce couteau de pouvoir sortir dans la direction au delà de la fente ménagée entre deux bras flexibles parallèles assurant le rôle de contact fixe. Ce contact fixe est électriquement relié à une enveloppe métallique au potentiel de la terre.Document US Pat. No. 4,490,595 describes a direct-insertion, single-motion earthing switch in which it has been sought to minimize the impact of the electromagnetic forces acting on the fixed and movable contacts, in particular during the passage of a current of short circuit. -circuit in contacts. An insulating stop blocks the rotation of the pivoting knife that acts as a moving contact, and prevents this knife from being able to out in the direction beyond the slot formed between two parallel flexible arms ensuring the role of fixed contact. This fixed contact is electrically connected to a metal casing at the potential of the earth.

Cette configuration implique que le contact mobile soit électriquement relié à une phase de la ligne, ce qui présente des inconvénients notamment pour assurer la commande du couteau pivotant et pour assurer la disposition du couteau en position d'ouverture sans poser de problèmes de tenue diélectrique. D'autre part, les deux bras flexibles du contact fixe doivent être suffisamment longs et positionnés de façon à créer lorsque le sectionneur est fermé un courant de boucle qui permette d'exercer sur le couteau une force qui le maintient en appui contre la butée isolante. Un tel dimensionnement du contact fixe nécessite une distance d'isolation diélectrique importante dans l'espace entre le pivot du couteau et le contact fixe.This configuration implies that the movable contact is electrically connected to a phase of the line, which has drawbacks in particular to ensure the control of the pivoting knife and to ensure the arrangement of the knife in the open position without posing problems of dielectric strength. On the other hand, the two flexible arms of the fixed contact must be sufficiently long and positioned so as to create when the disconnector is closed a loop current that allows to exert on the knife a force that holds it in abutment against the insulating stop . Such dimensioning of the fixed contact requires a large dielectric isolation distance in the space between the pivot of the knife and the fixed contact.

Par ailleurs, un pincement électrodynamique du couteau est créé par les courants parallèles qui circulent dans les deux bras flexibles du contact fixe et qui génèrent une force d'attraction mutuelle entre ces deux bras. Il est à noter qu'avec une telle configuration, la force de pincement électrodynamique du couteau reste inférieure à la force d'attraction mutuelle qui tend à rapprocher entre eux les deux bras flexibles.Moreover, an electrodynamic pinch of the knife is created by the parallel currents flowing in the two flexible arms of the fixed contact and which generate a force of mutual attraction between these two arms. It should be noted that with such a configuration, the electrodynamic clamping force of the knife remains lower than the mutual attraction force which tends to bring the two flexible arms closer together.

Un premier objectif de la présente invention est de réaliser un sectionneur de terre à insertion directe et à mouvement simple dans lequel la partie mobile puisse être électriquement reliée à la terre, et dans lequel la partie fixe soit de dimensions relativement petites par rapport à la partie mobile afin de garantir une distance d'isolation diélectrique relativement faible entre les parties fixe et mobile dans la position d'ouverture du sectionneur.A first object of the present invention is to provide a direct-insertion and single-movement earthing switch in which the mobile part can be electrically connected to the earth, and in which the fixed part is of relatively small dimensions compared to the part mobile to ensure a dielectric isolation distance relatively low between the fixed and mobile parts in the open position of the disconnector.

Un second objectif de la présente invention est d'exploiter les forces électromagnétiques qui s'exercent dans un sectionneur de terre à insertion directe et à mouvement simple lors du passage d'un courant de court-circuit dans les contacts, pour renforcer le maintien du sectionneur de terre dans sa position de fermeture complète, et pour renforcer la pression de contact mutuel entre les contacts fixe et mobile grâce à un effet de pincement électrodynamique procuré par l'amplification par un effet de levier de la force d'attraction mutuelle qui tend à rapprocher entre eux deux bras parallèles du contact mobile.A second object of the present invention is to exploit the electromagnetic forces that are exerted in a direct insertion and simple-ground earthing switch when a short-circuit current passes through the contacts, to reinforce the maintenance of the disconnector in its fully closed position, and to enhance the mutual contact pressure between the fixed and movable contacts by virtue of an electrodynamic pinch effect provided by leverage amplification of the mutual attraction force which tends to bring together two parallel arms of the movable contact.

Un autre objectif de la présente invention est de proposer un sectionneur de terre à insertion directe et à mouvement simple qui puisse être mis en mouvement à l'aide d'une commande à faible couple, et qui permette de se passer de ressorts pour assurer la pression de contact souhaitée entre les éléments de contact fixe et mobile.Another object of the present invention is to provide a direct-insertion, single-movement earthing switch which can be set in motion by means of a low-torque control, and which makes it possible to dispense with springs to ensure the desired contact pressure between the fixed and movable contact elements.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un sectionneur de terre tel que défini en préambule, caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble de contact mobile comprend deux bras électriquement conducteurs sensiblement parallèles qui sont coudés pour former chacun au moins approximativement un L, chaque bras coudé comprenant au moins un doigt flexible qui s'étend au moins sur la branche la plus courte du L, le contact fixe étant disposé de façon à être engagé entre au moins une paire de doigts flexibles dans la position de fermeture du sectionneur, et en ce que des moyens de jointure sont mécaniquement reliés aux deux extrémités respectives des deux bras coudés sur les branches les plus courtes des L afin de permettre un effet de levier qui amplifie le pincement électrodynamique exercé sur le contact fixe par les doigts flexibles lorsque un courant de court-circuit ou courant de défaut parcourt les bras coudés.To this end, the subject of the invention is an earthing switch as defined in the preamble, characterized in that said movable contact assembly comprises two substantially parallel electrically conducting arms which are bent to each form at least approximately one L, each arm elbow comprising at least one flexible finger which extends at least on the shorter branch of the L, the fixed contact being arranged to be engaged between at least one pair of flexible fingers in the closed position of the disconnector, and that joining means are mechanically connected to the two respective ends of the two bent arms on the shorter branches of the Ls to allow a leverage effect which amplifies the electrodynamic pinch exerted on the fixed contact by the flexible fingers when a current of short circuit or fault current runs through the bent arms.

La construction d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention exploite le principe électrotechnique bien connu de la force élémentaire qui s'exerce sur un conducteur lorsqu'il est parcouru par un courant et lorsqu'il est soumis à un champ d'induction. Sur la base de ce principe, en se reportant à la figure 1, on sait que deux éléments conducteurs parallèles dl parcourus dans le même sens par un courant I subissent une force d'attraction df qui tend à les rapprocher l'un de l'autre, et qui est proportionnelle au carré du courant. En considérant un circuit électrique constitué de deux conducteurs identiques non rectilignes disposés sensiblement parallèlement entre eux et parcourus par un même courant I, ces deux conducteurs s'attirent mutuellement avec une force F c qui vérifie la relation suivante: F C = 1 l c i = 0 n f i l i

Figure imgb0001

l c est la longueur totale de circuit d'un conducteur, l i est la longueur d'un tronçon élémentaire rectiligne du circuit d'un conducteur, et f i est la force d'attraction mutuelle de deux tronçons élémentaires parallèles (l i et f i correspondent respectivement à dl et df pour un tronçon élémentaire).The construction of an earthing switch according to the invention exploits the well-known electrotechnical principle of the elementary force which is exerted on a conductor when it is traversed by a current and when it is subjected to an induction field. On the basis of this principle, referring to FIG. 1, it is known that two parallel conductive elements d1 traversed in the same direction by a current I undergo a pulling force df which tends to bring them closer to one another. other, and that is proportional to the square of the current. Considering an electrical circuit consisting of two identical non-rectilinear conductors arranged substantially parallel to each other and traversed by the same current I, these two conductors attract each other with a force F c which verifies the following relation: F VS = 1 l vs Σ i = 0 not f i l i
Figure imgb0001

where l c is the total circuit length of a conductor, l i is the length of a straight elementary section of the circuit of a conductor, and f i is the force of mutual attraction of two parallel elementary segments ( l i and f i respectively correspond to dl and df for an elementary section).

On sait aussi, en se reportant à la figure 2, que chaque élément d'un circuit en boucle (comme une bobine) parcouru par un courant I subit une force df tendant à écarter la boucle du circuit électrique.It is also known, with reference to FIG. 2, that each element of a loop circuit (like a coil) traversed by a current I undergoes a force df tending to move the loop away from the electric circuit.

Lorsque le sectionneur de terre est fermé et qu'un courant de court-circuit traverse le contact fixe et les bras parallèles en L du contact mobile, il se crée des forces électromagnétiques qui tendent à rapprocher l'une de l'autre les deux parties de bras en L entre lesquelles est disposé le contact fixe, ce qui est utilisé pour obtenir un effet de pincement du contact fixe entre les extrémités des deux bras du contact mobile. Au niveau de chaque bras en L du contact mobile, il se crée également des forces électromagnétiques qui tendent à écarter la boucle partielle de circuit formée par ce bras. Du fait que les deux bras en L formant le contact mobile sont montés de façon à pivoter solidairement autour de l'axe de rotation de ce contact, la résultante de ces forces électromagnétiques tend à faire pivoter le contact mobile vers le côté du L qui est opposé aux branches les plus courtes. Cet effet est utilisé pour maintenir le contact fixe en appui dans le fond de la fente formée par l'entretoise et les secondes parties des bras du contact mobile de sorte que le sectionneur de terre reste bloqué dans sa position de fermeture.When the earthing switch is closed and a short-circuit current flows through the fixed contact and the parallel L-shaped arms of the moving contact, it is creates electromagnetic forces which tend to bring together the two L-shaped arm parts between which the fixed contact is arranged, which is used to obtain a pinching effect of the fixed contact between the ends of the two arms of the mobile contact. At each L-arm of the moving contact, electromagnetic forces are also created which tend to move the partial circuit loop formed by this arm. Because the two L-shaped arms forming the moving contact are mounted to pivot integrally about the axis of rotation of this contact, the resultant of these electromagnetic forces tends to rotate the movable contact towards the side of the L which is opposite to the shorter branches. This effect is used to maintain the fixed contact bearing in the bottom of the slot formed by the spacer and the second parts of the arms of the movable contact so that the earthing switch remains locked in its closed position.

Les forces de pincement et de blocage du contact fixe dans la fente du contact mobile, qui sont des forces dynamiques en ce qu'elles ne se produisent qu'en présence d'un court-circuit, sont d'autant plus importantes que le courant de court-circuit circulant dans les contacts est élevé. On comprend donc qu'après la fermeture du sectionneur selon l'invention, la force de contact maximale entre le contact fixe et le contact mobile est fournie seulement durant un court-circuit. Ceci permet d'utiliser, pour les opérations courantes d'ouverture et de fermeture du sectionneur, un mécanisme d'entraînement à faible couple pour l'entraînement en rotation du contact mobile.The pinching and locking forces of the fixed contact in the slot of the moving contact, which are dynamic forces in that they occur only in the presence of a short circuit, are all the more important as the current short circuit circulating in the contacts is high. It is therefore understood that after closure of the disconnector according to the invention, the maximum contact force between the fixed contact and the movable contact is provided only during a short circuit. This makes it possible to use, for the current opening and closing operations of the disconnector, a low torque drive mechanism for driving the mobile contact in rotation.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, un sectionneur selon l'invention présente les particularités suivantes:

  • chaque bras coudé en L est fendu longitudinalement sur les deux branches du L pour former les doigts flexibles sur la majeure partie d'un bras, de façon à obtenir encore plus de souplesse dans l'écartement des extrémités des doigts et assurer un contact électrique optimal entre le contact fixe et le contact mobile du sectionneur ;
  • les moyens de jointure mécaniquement reliés aux deux extrémités respectives des deux bras coudés comprennent une chape rigide assurant la fonction d'un noeud de charnière pour une pince électrodynamique dont les leviers sont constitués par les doigts flexibles des deux bras, cette chape comprenant une plaque rectangulaire dont une face présente deux épaulements parallèles sur deux bords opposés, chaque épaulement comportant au moins deux trous pénétrés chacun par une tige apte à assurer une liaison mécanique entre la chape et un doigt flexible ;
  • un élément de butée électriquement isolant porté par le contact mobile est constitué par une barre en matériau isolant qui est fixée au milieu de la plaque de la chape parallèlement aux deux épaulements, cette barre étant prise en étau par les doigts flexibles des deux bras parallèles dans la position ouverte du sectionneur ;
  • des plaques métalliques sont fixées aux doigts flexibles des deux bras parallèles, chaque plaque métallique présentant une extrémité biseautée ou arrondie du côté par lequel le contact fixe est apte à être engagé dans le contact mobile, et l'écartement entre deux plaques métalliques en vis à vis dans la position ouverte du sectionneur est inférieur à la largeur du contact fixe ;
  • les deux bras parallèles sont prolongés axialement sur leurs branches les plus longues par une tige conductrice montée rotative autour de l'axe de rotation de l'ensemble de contact mobile pivotant.
    D'autres types ou modes de réalisation d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention sont décrits plus en détail dans la description qui suit. Un premier type de réalisation est décrit plus en détail et est illustré par les dessins des figures 3 à 5. Un second type de réalisation englobant le mode de réalisation avantageux résumé précédemment est aussi décrit plus en détail et est illustré par les dessins des figures 6 à 10.
    Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent le principe électrotechnique de la force élémentaire exploité par l'invention.
  • La figure 3 montre une vue partielle en perspective d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention dans un premier type de réalisation.
  • La figure 4 montre une vue en coupe longitudinale du sectionneur de terre de la figure 3, selon un plan parallèle à un bras en L du sectionneur.
  • La figure 5 montre une vue partielle de dessus du sectionneur de terre de la figure 3.
  • La figure 6 représente schématiquement une vue partielle de dessus d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention dans un second type de réalisation, et illustre le principe du pincement électrodynamique amplifié par un effet de levier.
  • La figure 7 représente schématiquement une vue latérale du sectionneur de terre de la figure 6.
  • La figure 7a représente très schématiquement une vue de dessus d'un élément visible latéralement sur la figure 7.
  • La figure 8 montre une vue partielle en perspective d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention dans un mode de réalisation avantageux du second type.
  • La figure 9 montre une vue partielle de dessus du sectionneur de terre de la figure 8.
  • La figure 10 représente schématiquement un détail d'une variante au sectionneur de terre de la figure 9.
In an advantageous embodiment, a disconnector according to the invention has the following particularities:
  • each L-shaped arm is split longitudinally on the two limbs of the L to form the flexible fingers over most of an arm, so as to obtain even more flexibility in the spacing of the ends of the fingers and to ensure optimum electrical contact between the fixed contact and the moving contact of the disconnector;
  • the joining means mechanically connected to the two respective ends of the two bent arms comprise a rigid yoke providing the function of a hinge node for an electrodynamic clamp whose levers are constituted by the flexible fingers of the two arms, said yoke comprising a rectangular plate one face has two parallel shoulders on two opposite edges, each shoulder comprising at least two holes each penetrated by a rod adapted to provide a mechanical connection between the yoke and a flexible finger;
  • an electrically insulating abutment element carried by the movable contact is constituted by a bar of insulating material which is fixed in the middle of the yoke plate parallel to the two shoulders, this bar being gripped by the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms in the open position of the disconnector;
  • metal plates are attached to the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms, each metal plate having a beveled or rounded end on the side by which the fixed contact is adapted to be engaged in the moving contact, and the spacing between two metal plates screwed to screw in the open position of the disconnector is less than the width of the fixed contact;
  • the two parallel arms are extended axially on their longest branches by a conductive rod rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation of the movable movable contact assembly.
    Other types or embodiments of an earthing switch according to the invention are described in more detail in the description which follows. A first embodiment is described in more detail and is illustrated by the drawings of Figures 3 to 5. A second embodiment including the previously summarized advantageous embodiment is also described in more detail and is illustrated by the drawings of Figs. to 10.
    Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the electrotechnical principle of the elemental force used by the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a partial perspective view of an earthing switch according to the invention in a first type of embodiment.
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the earthing switch of Figure 3, in a plane parallel to an L-arm of the disconnector.
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial view from above of the earthing switch of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents a partial top view of an earthing switch according to the invention in a second type of embodiment, and illustrates the principle of electrodynamic clamping amplified by a lever effect.
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents a side view of the earthing switch of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7a schematically represents a view from above of a visible element laterally in FIG. 7.
  • Figure 8 shows a partial perspective view of an earthing switch according to the invention in an advantageous embodiment of the second type.
  • FIG. 9 shows a partial view from above of the earthing switch of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 schematically represents a detail of an alternative to the earthing switch of FIG. 9.

Un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention, pour des applications en haute tension, est un sectionneur dit à insertion directe et à mouvement simple. Il est formé par une première partie mobile en rotation et par une seconde partie fixe.An earthing switch according to the invention, for high voltage applications, is a so-called direct insertion and simple movement disconnector. It is formed by a first part movable in rotation and by a second fixed part.

Plus particulièrement, comme visible sur les figures 3 à 5, la partie mobile du sectionneur de terre est un contact 1 monté sur une tige conductrice pivotante autour d'un axe de rotation (non représenté) et relié au potentiel de la terre. Ce contact mobile 1 comprend deux bras métalliques parallèles 2,3 coudés pour former chacun un L, et est apte à tourner d'environ 90° autour de l'axe de rotation qui est situé dans le prolongement axial de la branche la plus longue des bras en L. Le contact mobile 1 est connecté électriquement au potentiel de la terre dans sa section inférieure et plus précisément près de la zone de l'axe de rotation, tandis que la section supérieure du contact mobile (la branche la plus courte des bras en L) réalise le contact électrique avec la partie fixe du sectionneur. Cette partie fixe du sectionneur est ici un contact 4 cylindrique en cuivre qui vient s'insérer entre les deux branches les plus courtes des bras en L du contact mobile 1 lorsque le sectionneur est déplacé de sa position d'ouverture vers sa position de fermeture. Sur les figures 3 à 5, le sectionneur est montré dans une position de fermeture complète où le contact mobile 1 est en contact électrique avec le contact fixe 4.More particularly, as shown in Figures 3 to 5, the movable portion of the earthing switch is a contact 1 mounted on a conductive rod pivoting about an axis of rotation (not shown) and connected to the potential of the earth. This movable contact 1 comprises two parallel metal arms 2,3 bent to each form an L, and is able to rotate about 90 ° about the axis of rotation which is located in the axial extension of the longest branch of L-arm. The movable contact 1 is electrically connected to the earth potential in its lower section and more precisely near the area of the axis of rotation, while the upper section of the movable contact (the shortest branch of the arms in L) makes the electrical contact with the fixed part of the disconnector. This fixed part of the disconnector here is a cylindrical copper contact 4 which is inserted between the two shorter branches of the L-arms of the movable contact 1 when the disconnector is moved from its open position to its closed position. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the disconnector is shown in a complete closed position where the movable contact 1 is in electrical contact with the fixed contact 4.

Comme visible sur les figures 3 et 4, chaque bras 2,3 en forme de L comprend une première partie de bras indiquée par les références 2A,3A qui est formée par la branche la plus longue du L et qui s'étend depuis l'axe de rotation vers une seconde partie de bras 2B,3B formant la branche la plus courte du L. La seconde partie de bras indiquée par les références 2B,3B s'étend sensiblement transversalement (perpendiculairement) à la première partie de bras 2A,3A.As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, each L-shaped arm 2,3 comprises a first arm portion indicated by the references 2A, 3A which is formed by the longest leg of the L and extends from the axis of rotation to a second arm portion 2B, 3B forming the shorter branch of L. The second arm portion indicated by 2B, 3B extends substantially transversely (perpendicularly) to the first arm portion 2A, 3A .

Dans un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention, il n'est pas indispensable que les deux branches d'un L soit rigoureusement rectilignes. En particulier, il est envisageable de donner à la branche la plus longue une forme légèrement convexe pour accentuer la courbure procurée par le coude du L et renforcer éventuellement les forces électromagnétiques d'écartement du circuit, c'est à dire les forces qui s'exercent dans le sens de la flèche F2 sur la figure 3.In an earthing switch according to the invention, it is not essential that the two branches of an L is strictly rectilinear. In particular, it is conceivable to give the longest leg a slightly convex shape to accentuate the curvature provided by the elbow of the L and possibly to reinforce the electromagnetic spacing forces of the circuit, that is to say the forces which exert in the direction of the arrow F2 in FIG.

Une entretoise E formant charnière relie les extrémités libres des secondes parties de bras 2B,3B qui sont montées flexibles dans le sens où elles peuvent se déplacer de manière indépendante. L'entretoise E définit avec les secondes parties de bras 2B,3B une fente ouverte en forme de U indiquée par 5 et plus visible sur la figure 5. Cette fente 5 ouverte en forme de U constitue la partie supérieure du contact mobile 1.A hinge spacer E connects the free ends of the second arm portions 2B, 3B which are flexibly mounted in the sense that they can move independently. The spacer E defines with the second arm portions 2B, 3B an open U-shaped slot indicated by 5 and more visible in FIG. 5. This U-shaped open slot 5 constitutes the upper part of the movable contact 1.

Dans l'exemple des figures 3 à 5, les secondes parties de bras 2B,3B sont fendues longitudinalement pour définir des doigts de contacts flexibles apportant encore plus de souplesse dans l'écartement élastique. En particulier, chaque seconde partie de bras est fendue pour définir deux doigts flexibles superposés 2B1,2B2 ;3B1,3B2 et l'entretoise E comprend ici deux boulons 6 traversant chacun des deux doigts juxtaposés, par exemple 2B1,3B1 ou 2B2,3B2 et bloqué chacun par un écrou 7. Il est laissé un faible jeu entre chaque écrou 7 et un doigt flexible d'une partie 3B pour permettre un léger écartement des doigts des parties 2B et 3B lorsque le contact fixe 4 est engagé entre ces doigts, afin de procurer une certaine pression de contact initiale à courant nul ou faible. Une fois le contact fixe arrivé en butée dans le fond de la fente 5, l'entretoise E assure une fonction de charnière vis à vis des extrémités des doigts flexibles et permet l'effet de pincement électrodynamique amplifié, lorsque les secondes parties de bras 2B,3B tendent à se rapprocher comme expliqué plus loin dans la présente.In the example of Figures 3 to 5, the second arm portions 2B, 3B are slit longitudinally to define flexible contact fingers providing even more flexibility in the elastic spacing. In particular, each second arm portion is slotted to define two superimposed flexible fingers 2B1,2B2; 3B1,3B2 and the spacer E here comprises two bolts 6 passing through each of the two fingers juxtaposed, for example 2B1,3B1 or 2B2,3B2 and each blocked by a nut 7. There is left a small clearance between each nut 7 and a flexible finger part 3B to allow a slight spacing fingers of the parts 2B and 3B when the fixed contact 4 is engaged between these fingers, to provide a certain initial contact pressure at zero or low current. Once the fixed contact has come into abutment in the bottom of the slot 5, the spacer E provides a hinge function with respect to the ends of the flexible fingers and allows the amplified electrodynamic clamping effect, when the second arm portions 2B , 3B tend to get closer as explained later in this.

Un manchon cylindrique 8 en matière électriquement isolante entoure la tige de chaque boulon 6 ce qui assure l'indépendance de la structure du boulon par rapport à une tenue au courant de court-circuit.A cylindrical sleeve 8 of electrically insulating material surrounds the rod of each bolt 6 which ensures the independence of the structure of the bolt relative to a resistance to the short-circuit current.

De façon générale, l'espacement minimal autorisé entre les deux bras 2,3 est réglé par une cale 9 disposée entre les deux bras 2,3 du contact mobile 1 au voisinage du coude. Cette cale empêche les deux bras de se rapprocher excessivement lorsque le contact mobile est parcouru par un courant de court-circuit.In general, the minimum spacing allowed between the two arms 2,3 is regulated by a shim 9 disposed between the two arms 2,3 of the movable contact 1 in the vicinity of the bend. This wedge prevents the two arms from coming too close when the moving contact is traversed by a short-circuit current.

Les secondes parties de bras (les doigts flexibles 2B1,2B2,3B1,3B2) sont munies de plaques de cuivre telles que 10 favorisant le bon contact électrique avec le contact fixe 4, et sont aussi munies de skis en matière isolante tel que 11 (plus visible sur les figures 4 et 5) s'étendant longitudinalement sur les secondes parties de bras et conférant une forme évasée à l'entrée de la fente 5 afin de faciliter l'insertion du contact fixe 4 dans la fente 5 lors de la fermeture du sectionneur de terre. Comme cela apparaît sur les figures 4 et 5, chaque ski 11 s'étend dans le prolongement d'une plaque de cuivre 10 vers l'arrière du coude de chaque bras en forme de L. L'espacement libre entre deux plaques opposées 10 est légèrement inférieur au diamètre du contact 4 cylindrique, de façon à créer la pression de contact initiale évoquée précédemment du fait d'un léger écartement élastique des secondes parties de bras lorsque le contact 4 est engagé entre les plaques 10.The second arm portions (the flexible fingers 2B1,2B2,3B1,3B2) are provided with copper plates such as to promote good electrical contact with the fixed contact 4, and are also provided with skis made of insulating material such as 11 ( more visible in Figures 4 and 5) extending longitudinally on the second arm portions and conferring a flared shape at the entrance of the slot 5 to facilitate the insertion of the fixed contact 4 in the slot 5 when closing of the earthing switch. Like this 4 and 5, each ski 11 extends in the extension of a copper plate 10 towards the rear of the elbow of each L-shaped arm. The free spacing between two opposing plates 10 is slightly lower. the diameter of the cylindrical contact 4, so as to create the initial contact pressure mentioned above because of a slight elastic separation of the second arm portions when the contact 4 is engaged between the plates 10.

En variante, les plaques 10 peuvent avoir une épaisseur légèrement plus grande du côté de l'entretoise que du côté des skis 11, de façon à augmenter ledit écartement élastique et donc aussi l'effort de pression de contact en butée et à courant nul. Il est aussi envisageable de se passer du manchon 8 isolant à condition que les plaques 10 comportent elles mêmes du côté de l'entretoise des éléments de butée, par exemple constitués sur au moins deux plaques en vis à vis par deux épaulements trapézoïdaux de chaque plaque pour arrêter le déplacement relatif du contact fixe 4 par rapport à la fente 5. Dans cet exemple, les deux plaques en vis formeraient sensiblement une fente en U, et la fonction de butée pour le contact fixe serait assurée par ces plaques. L'espacement d'air entre les plaques et les boulons de l'entretoise permettrait l'indépendance de la structure de l'entretoise par rapport à une tenue à des courants de défaut. Il faut comprendre par cet exemple qu'un élément de butée pour le contact fixe n'est pas nécessairement électriquement isolant dans un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention.Alternatively, the plates 10 may have a slightly greater thickness on the side of the spacer than on the side of the skis 11, so as to increase said elastic spacing and thus also the contact pressure force abutment and zero current. It is also conceivable to dispense with the insulating sleeve 8 provided that the plates 10 themselves comprise on the spacer side stop elements, for example constituted on at least two plates facing each other by two trapezoidal shoulders of each plate. to stop the relative displacement of the fixed contact 4 with respect to the slot 5. In this example, the two screw plates would form substantially a U-shaped slot, and the stop function for the fixed contact would be provided by these plates. The air gap between the plates and the bolts of the spacer would allow the independence of the spacer structure with respect to resistance to fault currents. It is to be understood from this example that a stop element for the fixed contact is not necessarily electrically insulating in an earthing switch according to the invention.

Il n'est pas à priori indispensable, dans un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention, que les branches les plus courtes des bras coudés soient fendues longitudinalement. Par exemple, pour augmenter l'élasticité de ces branches, il peut être envisagé de diminuer localement l'épaisseur et/ou la hauteur de plaque métallique des bras afin de n'avoir qu'un seul doigt ou partie flexible par bras.It is not a priori indispensable, in an earthing switch according to the invention, that the shorter branches of the bent arms are split longitudinally. For example, to increase the elasticity of these branches, it may be envisaged to locally reduce the thickness and / or the height of the metal plate of the arms to have only one finger or flexible part per arm.

Les parties de bras 2A, 3A du contact mobile sont prolongées axialement par une tige conductrice 12 qui est montée rotative à son extrémité libre autour de l'axe de rotation du contact mobile 1. En position d'ouverture du sectionneur, la tige 12 est normalement sensiblement horizontale. Cette tige est électriquement reliée à la terre par l'intermédiaire de contacts glissants agencés au niveau de l'axe de rotation du contact mobile, ou encore par des câbles métalliques flexibles. Le contact fixe 4, quant à lui, est fixé à la barre sous tension qui correspond à la phase qui peut être mise à la terre par le sectionneur.The arm portions 2A, 3A of the movable contact are extended axially by a conductive rod 12 which is rotatably mounted at its free end about the axis of rotation of the movable contact 1. In the open position of the disconnector, the rod 12 is normally substantially horizontal. This rod is electrically connected to the ground by means of sliding contacts arranged at the axis of rotation of the movable contact, or by flexible metal cables. The fixed contact 4, meanwhile, is fixed to the live bar which corresponds to the phase that can be grounded by the disconnector.

Lors de la fermeture du sectionneur, la tige 12 avec les bras 2,3 en forme de L sont entraînés en rotation sur un angle d'environ 90° jusqu'à une position sensiblement verticale. Lors du déplacement du contact mobile 1 pendant la fermeture du sectionneur, le contact fixe 4 s'insère dans la fente 5 en passant d'abord au niveau des coudes des bras 2,3 entre les skis 11 et vient finalement en butée contre l'entretoise E formée. Le contact fixe cylindrique 4 qui s'étend axialement en direction de l'axe de rotation est alors modérément pincé entre les plaques de cuivre 10 qui sont fixées aux doigts flexibles 2B1,3B1 et 2B2,3B2.When closing the disconnector, the rod 12 with the L-shaped arms 2,3 are rotated at an angle of about 90 ° to a substantially vertical position. During the displacement of the movable contact 1 during the closing of the disconnector, the fixed contact 4 fits into the slot 5 by first passing at the elbows of the arms 2,3 between the skis 11 and finally abuts against the spacer E formed. The cylindrical fixed contact 4 which extends axially towards the axis of rotation is then moderately clamped between the copper plates 10 which are fixed to the flexible fingers 2B1, 3B1 and 2B2, 3B2.

En position de fermeture complète du sectionneur, la tige conductrice 12 avec les premières parties de bras 2A,3A est inclinée par rapport à une position verticale de non équilibre tandis que le contact fixe cylindrique est disposé dans le fond de la fente ouverte en forme de U, en appui contre l'entretoise ; ainsi, même lorsqu'il n'est pas parcouru par un courant de court-circuit, le sectionneur de terre est maintenu dans sa position de fermeture sans qu'il soit nécessaire au mécanisme de commande du sectionneur d'exercer un couple dans le sens de la fermeture sur le contact mobile 1 pivotant.In the fully closed position of the disconnector, the conductive rod 12 with the first arm portions 2A, 3A is inclined with respect to a non-equilibrium vertical position while the cylindrical fixed contact is disposed in the bottom of the open-shaped slot. U, in support against the spacer; thus, even when no short-circuit current flows through it, the earthing switch is held in its closed position without it being necessary for the disconnector control mechanism to exert a torque in the opposite direction. closing on the mobile contact 1 pivoting.

Dans ce qui précède, on a fait abstraction des forces électromagnétiques pour ne considérer qu'un pincement mécanique statique du contact fixe sous l'effet des forces élastiques qui tendent à rapprocher entre elles les secondes parties de bras du fait de leur flexibilité. Mais si on considère un état fermé du sectionneur avec passage d'un courant de court-circuit ou courant de défaut, il faut pendre en compte l'effet de pincement électrodynamique procuré par les forces électromagnétiques. Le pincement du contact fixe par les doigts flexibles devient alors beaucoup plus important. On entend par courant de défaut un courant supérieur au courant nominal pouvant transiter dans le conducteur de ligne qui supporte le contact fixe 4. L'entretoise E, et en particulier les boulons 6 associés aux écrou 7, empêche pratiquement tout écartement supplémentaire des extrémités des doigts flexibles une fois le contact fixe 4 positionné en butée, et a un rôle de charnière pour une pince électrodynamique dont les deux leviers opposés sont formés par les secondes parties de bras 2B,3B. Ceci permet d'amplifier au niveau du contact fixe la force d'attraction mutuelle telle que définie par la relation (1) précédente et qui tend à rapprocher les leviers opposés de la pince, en particulier au niveau des doigts flexibles. On rappelle que la force d'attraction mutuelle F c est proportionnelle au carré du courant passant à travers le circuit électrique du sectionneur de terre.In the foregoing, electromagnetic forces have been ignored to consider only a static mechanical pinch of the fixed contact under the effect of the elastic forces which tend to bring the second arm parts closer together because of their flexibility. But if we consider a closed state of the disconnector with passage of a short-circuit current or fault current, we must take into account the electrodynamic pinch effect provided by the electromagnetic forces. The pinching of the fixed contact by the flexible fingers then becomes much more important. By fault current is meant a current greater than the nominal current that may pass through the line conductor that supports the fixed contact 4. The spacer E, and in particular the bolts 6 associated with the nut 7, prevents any further separation of the ends of the flexible fingers once the fixed contact 4 positioned in abutment, and has a hinge role for an electrodynamic clamp whose two opposite levers are formed by the second arm portions 2B, 3B. This makes it possible to amplify at the fixed contact the force of mutual attraction as defined by the preceding relation (1) and which tends to bring the opposite levers of the clamp, in particular at the level of the flexible fingers. It is recalled that the mutual attraction force F c is proportional to the square of the current flowing through the electrical circuit of the earthing switch.

On obtient ainsi une force de pression des doigts flexibles contre le contact fixe qui est bien supérieure à la force F c due à l'effet électrodynamique s'exerçant sur les secondes parties de bras 2B,3B. Le contact fixe 4 étant en butée contre l'entretoise, les zones de pression des plaques 10 contre ce contact sont en effet au plus proche de l'axe de l'entretoise c'est à dire de la charnière de la pince. Cet effet d'amplification du pincement est particulièrement avantageux par rapport à un dispositif classique tel que montré dans le document US-4490595, dans lequel les bras flexibles parallèles n'agissent pas comme des leviers d'une pince de type « casse noix » du fait de l'absence d'élément charnière à l'extrémité des bras.This results in a pressure force of the flexible fingers against the fixed contact which is much greater than the force F c due to the electrodynamic effect exerted on the second arm portions 2B, 3B. The fixed contact 4 being in abutment against the spacer, the pressure zones of the plates 10 against this contact are indeed closer to the axis of the spacer, that is to say the hinge of the clamp. This effect of amplification of the nip is particularly advantageous compared to a conventional device as shown in the document US-4490595, in which the parallel flexible arms do not act as levers of a "nut crack" type of pliers. made of the absence of hinge element at the end of the arms.

On a représenté par la ligne sensiblement verticale lv sur la figure 3 la ligne d'alignement axial du contact fixe cylindrique 4 avec l'axe de rotation du contact mobile, et on voit sur cette figure que la tige 12 avec les parties de bras 2A,3A s'étendent selon une direction longitudinale qui est inclinée par rapport à la ligne lv d'un angle non nul α de quelques degrés. Le contact fixe est alors en appui contre l'entretoise E du contact mobile 1, assurant à ce dernier une position de fermeture stable. Quand un courant électrique de défaut parcourt les bras 2,3, alors que le sectionneur est dans sa position de fermeture, des forces d'attraction électromagnétiques tendent à rapprocher entre elles les secondes parties de bras 2B,3B qui portent les doigts flexibles opposés 2B1,3B1,2B2,3B2, avec pour effet un pincement électrodynamique du contact fixe 4 entre les deux bras de la partie supérieure du contact mobile. De cette manière on assure un contact électrique optimal entre les contacts fixe et mobile 1,4 puisque la force de pincement exercée est amplifiée par rapport à la force d'attraction électromagnétique F c résultant sur les deux bras. L'effet de pincement électrodynamique est illustré plus loin sur la figure 6 en rapport avec un autre mode de réalisation d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention.The line of axial alignment of the cylindrical fixed contact 4 with the axis of rotation of the moving contact is represented by the substantially vertical line lv in FIG. 3, and it can be seen in this figure that the rod 12 with the arm portions 2A , 3A extend in a longitudinal direction which is inclined relative to the line lv of a non-zero angle α of a few degrees. The fixed contact is then in abutment against the spacer E of the movable contact 1, ensuring the latter a stable closed position. When an electrical fault current flows through the arms 2,3, while the disconnector is in its closed position, electromagnetic attraction forces tend to bring together the second arm portions 2B, 3B which bear the opposing flexible fingers 2B1 , 3B1,2B2,3B2, resulting in an electrodynamic pinch of the fixed contact 4 between the two arms of the upper part of the movable contact. In this way, an optimum electrical contact is ensured between the fixed and movable contacts 1.4 since the pinching force exerted is amplified relative to the force of electromagnetic attraction F c resulting on both arms. The electrodynamic pinch effect is illustrated later in FIG. 6 in connection with another embodiment of an earthing switch according to the invention.

Vu que l'entretoise est isolée électriquement par rapport au contact fixe 4 par le manchon 8, il n'est pas nécessaire qu'elle soit thermiquement dimensionnée pour supporter les courants de court-circuit, ce qui la rend indépendante de l'amplitude du courant de court-circuit d'un point de vue structurel et thermique. En outre, des forces électromagnétiques s'exercent dans le sens de la flèche F2 sur les bras 2,3 coudés, qui tendent à rapprocher le contact fixe 4 de l'entretoise E avec pour effet un blocage du contact fixe 4 dans le fond de la fente 5 et donc une accentuation du maintien du sectionneur dans sa position de fermeture. Il faut remarquer que cela est possible parce que dans la position de fermeture du sectionneur, l'état de la tige portant le contact mobile est incliné par rapport à la position de la ligne lv, et l'effet électrodynamique qui tend à ouvrir le circuit en L permet de pousser encore plus la tige 12 avec les bras coudés dans le sens de la fermeture du sectionneur. Comme indiqué plus haut, ces forces électromagnétiques sont dynamiques et d'autant plus fortes que le courant de court-circuit est élevé.Since the spacer is electrically insulated from the fixed contact 4 by the sleeve 8, it does not have to be thermally sized to withstand the short-circuit currents, which makes it independent of the amplitude of the short circuit current from a structural and thermal point of view. In addition, electromagnetic forces are exerted in the direction of the arrow F2 on the bent arms 2,3, which tend to bring the fixed contact 4 of the spacer E with the effect of blocking the fixed contact 4 in the bottom of the the slot 5 and therefore an emphasis on maintaining the disconnector in its closed position. It should be noted that this is possible because in the closed position of the disconnector, the state of the rod carrying the movable contact is inclined with respect to the position of the line IV, and the electrodynamic effect which tends to open the circuit in L allows to further push the rod 12 with the arms bent in the direction of closing the disconnector. As indicated above, these electromagnetic forces are dynamic and even stronger than the short-circuit current is high.

Sur la figure 6, le principe du pincement électrodynamique amplifié par un effet de levier est illustré pour un second type de réalisation d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention. Le sectionneur est représenté schématiquement en vue partielle par le dessus. La tige conductrice dans le prolongement des deux bras parallèles 2,3 ainsi que la cale entre les bras au voisinage du coude ne sont pas représentées. La différence avec le premier type de réalisation en rapport avec les figures 3 à 5 porte principalement sur les moyens de jointure qui sont mécaniquement reliés aux deux extrémités respectives des deux bras coudés sur les branches les plus courtes des L. Ces moyens de jointure ne comprennent pas dans le cas présent une entretoise à proprement parler, dans le sens où la pièce rigide 13 n'est pas intercalée entre les doigts flexibles des deux bras parallèles. Mais cette pièce 13 forme une sorte d'étrier qui présente une section sensiblement en C et qui permet de limiter l'écartement des doigts flexibles. Cette pièce assure donc la même fonction que l'entretoise E dans le premier type de réalisation. De façon générale, les moyens de jointure de ces deux types de réalisation assurent la fonction d'un noeud de charnière pour une pince électrodynamique dont les leviers sont constitués par les doigts flexibles des deux bras parallèles. Dans ce qui suit, la pièce 13 est appelée une chape.In FIG. 6, the principle of leveraged electrodynamic clamping is illustrated for a second type of embodiment of an earthing switch according to the invention. The disconnector is shown schematically in partial view from above. The conductive rod in the extension of the two parallel arms 2,3 and the wedge between the arms in the vicinity of the elbow are not shown. The difference with the first type of embodiment with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 relates mainly to the joining means which are mechanically connected to the two respective ends of the two bent arms on the shorter branches of L. These joining means do not include in this case a spacer itself, in the sense that the rigid part 13 is not interposed between the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms. But this piece 13 forms a kind of stirrup which has a section substantially in C and which limits the spacing of flexible fingers. This piece thus performs the same function as the spacer E in the first type of embodiment. In general, the joining means of these two embodiments provide the function of a hinge node for an electrodynamic clamp whose levers are constituted by the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms. In what follows, the piece 13 is called a screed.

Dans la position de fermeture du sectionneur représentée sur la figure 6, le contact fixe 4 cylindrique est engagé en butée dans le fond de la fente 5 en U qui est définie par la chape 13 et par les branches les plus courtes des deux bras coudés parallèles. Par souci de simplicité du commentaire de la figure 6, on ne considérera que les doigts flexibles parallèles 21 et 31 pour l'explication du pincement électrodynamique, mais la même explication est valable pour les autres paires de doigts flexibles en vis à vis. Lorsque un courant de court-circuit ou courant de défaut parcourt les doigts flexibles parallèles 21 et 31, il résulte sur les deux doigts une force d'attraction électromagnétique F1 pouvant être déterminée de la même façon que la force F c dans la relation (1). Cette force d'attraction F1 résultant de la sommation des forces élémentaires sur la longueur des doigts flexibles revient à une force d'attraction unique dont le point d'application sur chaque doigt se situe approximativement à la moitié de la longueur du doigt. Ainsi, étant donnée la relativement grande longueur des doigts flexibles dans ce second type de réalisation, la distance L1 entre le point d'application de F1 et le noeud de charnière assuré par les moyens de jointure est approximativement égale à la longueur de la branche la plus courte des bras coudés. Cette distance L1 est en tout cas bien supérieure à la distance L2 entre l'un ou l'autre des deux points d'application de la force de pincement F3 des doigts 21 et 31 sur le contact fixe 4 et le noeud de charnière.In the closed position of the disconnector shown in FIG. 6, the fixed cylindrical contact 4 is engaged in abutment in the bottom of the U-shaped slot 5 which is defined by the yoke 13 and by the shorter branches of the two parallel bent arms. . For the sake of simplicity of the commentary of FIG. 6, only the parallel flexible fingers 21 and 31 will be considered for the explanation of the electrodynamic pinch, but the same explanation is valid for the other pairs of flexible fingers facing each other. When a current of short-circuit or fault current traverses the parallel flexible fingers 21 and 31, it results on the two fingers an electromagnetic attraction force F1 can be determined in the same way as the force F c in the relation (1 ). This force of attraction F1 resulting from summation of the elementary forces along the length of the flexible fingers returns to a single force of attraction whose point of application on each finger is approximately half the length of the finger. Thus, given the relatively long length of the flexible fingers in this second embodiment, the distance L1 between the point of application of F1 and the hinge node provided by the joining means is approximately equal to the length of the branch. shorter bent arms. This distance L1 is in any case much greater than the distance L2 between one or the other of the two points of application of the clamping force F3 of the fingers 21 and 31 on the fixed contact 4 and the hinge node.

Comme pour toute pince mécanique de type « casse-noix », on a ici la relation F1 · L1 = F3 · L2, soit F3 = F1 · L1/L2, ce qui implique qu'un effet de levier amplifie avec un coefficient égal à L1/L2 la force d'attraction électromagnétique F1 exercée sur les leviers qui sont constitués par les doigts flexibles parallèles 21 et 31, pour obtenir la force de pincement F3 exercée sur le contact fixe 4.As with any type of mechanical nutcracker, we have here the relation F1 · L1 = F3 · L2, ie F3 = F1 · L1 / L2, which implies that a leverage amplifies with a coefficient equal to L1 / L2 the electromagnetic attraction force F1 exerted on the levers which are constituted by the parallel flexible fingers 21 and 31, to obtain the pinching force F3 exerted on the fixed contact 4.

La distance L2 peut être modifiée dans une certaine mesure en modifiant la hauteur de la barre isolante 19 qui sert de moyen de butée pour le contact fixe 4 et qui est fixée à l'intérieur de la chape 13 par un boulon associé à un écrou 15. D'autre part, comme expliqué plus loin au commentaire de la figure 9, il faut comprendre que cette barre 19 sert aussi de moyen de butée pour limiter le rapprochement des doigts flexibles en vis à vis, dans la position ouverte du sectionneur. Plus précisément, dans cette position ouverte, il est prévu une force de précontrainte qui tend à rapprocher entre eux les deux bras parallèles 2 et 3, et la barre 19 est prise en étau par les plaques métalliques de chaque paire de doigts flexibles en vis à vis. Ceci permet une augmentation du pincement statique exercé sur le contact fixe 4 en l'absence de courant de défaut dans le sectionneur. La largeur l2 du contact fixe, en l'occurrence le diamètre du cylindre formant ce contact, est donc nécessairement supérieure à la largeur de la barre 19.The distance L2 can be modified to a certain extent by modifying the height of the insulating bar 19 which serves as a stop means for the fixed contact 4 and which is fixed inside the yoke 13 by a bolt associated with a nut 15 On the other hand, as explained further in the commentary of Figure 9, it should be understood that this bar 19 also serves as a stop means for limiting the approach of the flexible fingers facing in the open position of the disconnector. More precisely, in this open position, a prestressing force is provided which tends to bring the two parallel arms 2 and 3 closer to each other, and the bar 19 is clamped by the plates. metal of each pair of flexible fingers facing each other. This allows an increase in the static nip exerted on the fixed contact 4 in the absence of fault current in the disconnector. The width l 2 of the fixed contact, in this case the diameter of the cylinder forming this contact, is therefore necessarily greater than the width of the bar 19.

Sur la figure 7, le sectionneur de terre de la figure 6 est représenté schématiquement par une vue latérale perpendiculairement au plan formé par le bras coudé 3 du sectionneur. On peut constater une différence supplémentaire avec le premier type de réalisation en rapport avec les figures 3 à 5 : les branches les plus courtes de chaque bras coudé 2 ou 3 sont fendues longitudinalement sur toute leur longueur pour former des doigts flexibles, et les fentes se prolongent au delà du coude sur une grande partie de la branche la plus longue de chaque bras. Les doigts flexibles obtenus sont ainsi coudés avec la même forme en L que les bras, ce qui permet d'augmenter l'élasticité de chaque doigt et d'augmenter la longueur de bras de levier efficace pour l'amplification du pincement électrodynamique par un effet de levier. Ceci permet d'obtenir une pince électrodynamique produisant une pression de contact sur le contact fixe 4 qui est supérieure à celle obtenue dans le premier type de réalisation.In Figure 7, the earthing switch of Figure 6 is shown schematically by a side view perpendicular to the plane formed by the bent arm 3 of the disconnector. A further difference can be seen with the first type of embodiment in connection with FIGS. 3 to 5: the shorter branches of each bent arm 2 or 3 are split longitudinally along their length to form flexible fingers, and the slots extend beyond the elbow over a large part of the longest branch of each arm. The flexible fingers obtained are thus bent with the same L-shape as the arms, which increases the elasticity of each finger and increases the effective lever length for the amplification of the electrodynamic pinch by an effect of leverage. This makes it possible to obtain an electrodynamic clamp producing a contact pressure on the fixed contact 4 which is greater than that obtained in the first embodiment.

Le choix de moyens de jointure de type monobloc tels que la chape 13 permet de réaliser un noeud de charnière plus solide et d'un coût de fabrication inférieur à la réalisation d'une entretoise E avec des boulons. En outre, il est avantageux dans ce mode de réalisation particulier d'avoir trois doigts flexibles tels que 31, 32 et 33 sur chaque bras coudé, afin d'augmenter encore l'élasticité de chaque doigt, et d'avoir une longueur de doigt qui augmente en se rapprochant de l'intérieur du coude.The choice of one-piece type joining means such as the yoke 13 makes it possible to produce a hinge node that is stronger and has a lower manufacturing cost than the production of a spacer E with bolts. In addition, it is advantageous in this particular embodiment to have three flexible fingers such as 31, 32 and 33 on each bent arm, in order to further increase the elasticity of each finger, and to have a finger length that increases as it gets closer to the inside of the elbow.

La cale 9, située derrière le bras coudé 3 dans cette vue latérale, est traversée par deux boulons 16 et est libre de coulisser entre les deux bras coudés parallèles avec un petit jeu le long des tiges des boulons. Sur la figure 7a, on peut voir que ce petit jeu correspond à deux fois l'espacement j. La fonction de cette cale 9 a été explicitée précédemment pour le premier type de réalisation.The wedge 9, located behind the bent arm 3 in this side view, is traversed by two bolts 16 and is free to slide between the two parallel bent arms with a small game along the rods of the bolts. In Figure 7a, we can see that this small game is twice the spacing j. The function of this shim 9 has been explained previously for the first type of embodiment.

Sur la figure 8, un sectionneur de terre du second type selon l'invention est montré dans une vue partielle en perspective. Ce mode de réalisation avantageux est quasiment identique à celui en rapport avec les figures 6 et 7, et correspond exactement à l'une ou l'autre des réalisations représentées respectivement sur les figures 9 et 10. On a représenté ici la barre 20 formant le conducteur monophasé de ligne qui supporte le contact fixe 4. Le sectionneur de terre est dans une position d'ouverture intermédiaire, et l'ensemble de contact 1 mobile est en train de pivoter pour opérer par exemple la fermeture du sectionneur.In Figure 8, a ground switch of the second type according to the invention is shown in a partial perspective view. This advantageous embodiment is almost identical to that in relation to FIGS. 6 and 7, and corresponds exactly to one or the other of the embodiments shown respectively in FIGS. 9 and 10. single-phase line conductor which supports the fixed contact 4. The earthing switch is in an intermediate open position, and the movable contact assembly 1 is pivoting to operate for example closing the disconnector.

Une vue partielle de dessus du sectionneur de terre de la figure 8 est représentée sur la figure 9, dans une position où l'ensemble de contact mobile est sur le point de venir se connecter avec le contact fixe 4. La cale 9 n'est pas représentée dans cette vue. A la différence du mode de réalisation en rapport avec les figures 6 et 7, les trous 18 des épaulements de la chape 13 ne comportent pas de filetage et ne sont donc pas destinés au serrage d'un boulon. La chape 13 comprend une plaque 13C rectangulaire dont la face intérieure à la chape présente deux épaulements 13A et 13B parallèles sur les deux bords opposés qui sont destinés à assurer une liaison mécanique avec les doigts flexibles et leurs plaques métalliques 10'. Chaque épaulement 13A ou 13B comporte trois trous 18 pénétrés chacun par une tige 14 apte à assurer cette liaison mécanique entre la chape et un doigt tel que 21 ou 31.A partial view from above of the earthing switch of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9, in a position where the mobile contact assembly is about to come to connect with the fixed contact 4. Wedge 9 is not shown in this view. Unlike the embodiment in connection with Figures 6 and 7, the holes 18 of the shoulders of the yoke 13 do not have threading and are not intended for tightening a bolt. The yoke 13 comprises a rectangular plate 13C whose inner face to the yoke has two shoulders 13A and 13B parallel on the two opposite edges which are intended to provide a mechanical connection with the flexible fingers and their metal plates 10 '. Each shoulder 13A or 13B comprises three holes 18 each penetrated by a rod 14 adapted to provide this mechanical connection between the yoke and a finger such as 21 or 31.

Un manchon en matériau isolant 24 est intercalé entre la paroi d'un trou 18 et la tige 14 qui pénètre dans ce trou. La partie de la tige qui pénètre dans le trou 18 n'est pas filetée et est constituée par l'extrémité d'un boulon qui permet le serrage d'une plaque 10' contre un doigt tel que 21 ou 31 en association avec des moyens de serrage 25. La fente ouverte en forme de U présente une entrée évasée qui est formée par les plaques métalliques 10', chaque plaque présentant une extrémité biseautée à l'entrée de la fente. Chaque plaque possède près de son extrémité biseautée un trou fileté pour la fixation de la plaque sur un bras 2 ou 3 grâce à un boulon 17. Il est visible que l'écartement l1 entre deux plaques 10' en vis à vis, dans la position ouverte du sectionneur, est inférieur à la largeur du contact fixe 4.A sleeve of insulating material 24 is interposed between the wall of a hole 18 and the rod 14 which enters this hole. The portion of the rod that enters the hole 18 is not threaded and is constituted by the end of a bolt that allows the clamping of a plate 10 'against a finger such as 21 or 31 in combination with means The open U-shaped slot has a flared inlet which is formed by the metal plates 10 ', each plate having a tapered end at the entrance to the slot. Each plate has near its beveled end a threaded hole for fixing the plate on an arm 2 or 3 by means of a bolt 17. It is visible that the gap 1 between two plates 10 'opposite, in the open position of the disconnector, is less than the width of the fixed contact 4.

Les moyens de serrage 25 possèdent un organe de butée agencé pour limiter à une distance prédéterminée d le coulissement de la tige 14 dans ledit manchon isolant 24 lors de la fermeture du sectionneur en présence d'un fort courant. Cette distance prédéterminée est voisine de l'amplitude e d'écartement d'un doigt flexible définie comme la moitié de la différence entre l'écartement l1 et la largeur l2 du contact fixe 4. On a en effet la relation suivante : e = 0,5 · (l1 - l2).The clamping means 25 have an abutment member arranged to limit to a predetermined distance d the sliding of the rod 14 in said insulating sleeve 24 when closing the disconnector in the presence of a strong current. This predetermined distance is close to the amplitude e of separation of a flexible finger defined as half of the difference between the spacing l 1 and the width l 2 of the fixed contact 4. It is indeed the following relation: e = 0.5 · (l 1 - l 2 ).

La largeur de la barre 19 détermine l'écartement l1 entre deux plaques 10' en vis à vis. La barre 19 est de préférence constituée d'un même matériau électriquement isolant, et présente ici des parties qui ont une section sensiblement rectangulaire afin de constituer un élément de butée 8' pour le contact fixe 4. Toutefois, une barre isolante uniquement à section en U est envisageable, à condition de prévoir un autre matériau isolant dans l'espace intérieur de la barre afin de recouvrir la tête du boulon 15 et d'assurer la fonction de butée. Les propriétés d'isolation électrique de la barre 19 et de son élément de butée 8' permettent d'une part d'isoler par rapport aux moyens de jointure chaque extrémité d'un bras 2 ou 3, et d'autre part d'isoler entre elles les deux extrémités respectives des bras 2 et 3.The width of the bar 19 determines the spacing l 1 between two plates 10 'facing. The bar 19 is preferably constituted of the same electrically insulating material, and here has portions that have a substantially rectangular section to form a stop element 8 'for the fixed contact 4. However, an insulating bar only section U is possible, provided to provide another material insulation in the inner space of the bar to cover the head of the bolt 15 and provide the stop function. The electrical insulation properties of the bar 19 and its stop element 8 'make it possible on the one hand to isolate, with respect to the joining means, each end of an arm 2 or 3, and on the other hand to isolate between them the two respective ends of the arms 2 and 3.

Sur la figure 10, chaque tige 14 possède une première partie 14A filetée qui coopère avec les moyens de serrage 25 pour contribuer à la fixation d'une plaque métallique 10' sur un doigt flexible, et une seconde partie 14B non filetée apte à coulisser dans le manchon isolant 24. Le montage de la chape 13 est facilité dans cette variante de réalisation, car la tige 14 peut être introduite par la droite du manchon 24 sur la figure, contrairement à la réalisation de la figure 9. Comme pour la réalisation précédente, l'organe de butée 26 des moyens de serrage 25 est agencé pour limiter à une distance prédéterminée d le coulissement de la seconde partie 14B de la tige dans le manchon 24. Par comparaison avec le mode de réalisation en rapport avec les figures 6 et 7, on peut remarquer que chaque tige 14 assure à elle seule à la fois la fonction de liaison mécanique entre la chape 13 et un doigt flexible et la fonction de fixation d'une plaque métallique 10' sur un doigt, alors que ces deux fonctions sont exercées par deux boulons séparés dans le dispositif de la figure 6. Cette construction permet aussi de réduire la hauteur de la barre 19 dans le plan de la figure, réduisant ainsi la distance L2 représentée sur la figure 6, tout en assurant que la zone de contact entre le contact fixe 4 et les plaques 10' ne comporte pas de trou de boulon. L'amplification par effet de levier du pincement électrodynamique du contact fixe est ainsi augmentée par rapport au dispositif de la figure 6.In FIG. 10, each rod 14 has a first threaded portion 14A which cooperates with the clamping means 25 to contribute to the fixing of a metal plate 10 'to a flexible finger, and a second non-threaded portion 14B able to slide in the insulating sleeve 24. The mounting of the yoke 13 is facilitated in this embodiment, because the rod 14 can be introduced by the right of the sleeve 24 in the figure, unlike the embodiment of Figure 9. As for the previous embodiment , the stop member 26 of the clamping means 25 is arranged to limit at a predetermined distance d the sliding of the second portion 14B of the rod in the sleeve 24. Compared with the embodiment in connection with FIGS. 7, it may be noted that each rod 14 alone provides both the mechanical connection function between the yoke 13 and a flexible finger and the function of fixing a metal plate 10 'on a d oigt, while these two functions are exerted by two separate bolts in the device of Figure 6. This construction also reduces the height of the bar 19 in the plane of the figure, thereby reducing the distance L2 shown in Figure 6, while ensuring that the contact area between the fixed contact 4 and the plates 10 'does not have a bolt hole. The leverage amplification of the electrodynamic pinch of the fixed contact is thus increased with respect to the device of FIG. 6.

En variante, la chape 13 pourrait être remplacée par un cadre métallique de forme rectangulaire dont les montants perpendiculaires aux doigts 21 et 31 seraient percés de trous ayant la fonction des trous 18 des épaulements 13A et 13B. Un matériau isolant recouvrant les montants supérieur et inférieur du cadre pourrait suffire à assurer la fonction d'élément de butée isolant pour le contact fixe.Alternatively, the yoke 13 could be replaced by a metal frame of rectangular shape whose uprights perpendicular to the fingers 21 and 31 are pierced with holes having the function of the holes 18 of the shoulders 13A and 13B. An insulating material covering the upper and lower amounts of the frame could be sufficient to provide the function of insulating abutment member for the fixed contact.

La construction d'un sectionneur de terre selon l'invention permet que tout le système de verrouillage en position de fermeture soit assuré par le contact mobile. En outre, en position d'ouverture du sectionneur, il est possible de maintenir facilement la distance diélectrique souhaitée dans l'intervalle entre le contact fixe et le contact mobile puisque le contact fixe peut être de faible dimension. En d'autres termes, l'axe de rotation du contact mobile peut être disposé à une distance relativement proche de la barre qui supporte le contact fixe. De cette manière, on peut assurer avec un faible encombrement la tenue à des tensions élevées dans une configuration d'ouverture du sectionneur de terre.The construction of an earthing switch according to the invention allows the entire locking system in the closed position is provided by the movable contact. In addition, in the open position of the disconnector, it is possible to easily maintain the desired dielectric distance in the gap between the fixed contact and the movable contact since the fixed contact may be small. In other words, the axis of rotation of the movable contact can be arranged at a distance relatively close to the bar which supports the fixed contact. In this way, it is possible to ensure with a small footprint the resistance to high voltages in an opening configuration of the earthing switch.

Claims (18)

  1. A grounding disconnector comprising a moving contact assembly (1) mounted to pivot about a pivot axis, and a fixed contact (4) arranged to be electrically connected to one end of said moving contact assembly (1) when said assembly is brought into the position in which the disconnector is closed, said disconnector being characterized in that said moving contact assembly (1) comprises two substantially parallel and electrically conductive arms (2, 3), each of which is substantially L-shaped, each L-shaped arm (2, 3) being provided with at least one flexible finger (2B1, 2B2, 3B1, 3B2; 21, 23, 31, 33) which extends at least over the shorter branch of the L-shape, said fixed contact (4) being disposed so as to be engaged between at least one pair of flexible fingers when the disconnector is in the closed position, and in that joining means (E, 13) are mechanically connected at respective ends of the two L-shaped arms (2, 3) to the shorter branches of the L-shapes in order to make it possible to obtain a lever effect that amplifies the electrodynamic pinching exerted on the fixed contact (4) by said flexible fingers when a short-circuit or fault current flows through said arms (2, 3).
  2. A grounding disconnector according to claim 1, in which the fixed contact (4) and the moving contact assembly (1) are disposed relative to each other so that, when the disconnector is in the fully closed position, the fixed contact is in abutment against an electrically insulating abutment element (8, 8') carried by the moving contact.
  3. A grounding disconnector according to claim 1 or claim 2, in which the fixed contact (4) is in the form of a substantially cylindrical stud whose axis defines a line (lv) that is substantially vertical, and in which said line extends axially towards the pivot axis of the moving contact assembly (1).
  4. A grounding disconnector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the shorter branches (2B, 3B) of each L-shaped arm (2, 3) are split longitudinally to form flexible fingers (2B1, 2B2, 3B1, 3B2).
  5. A grounding disconnector according to claim 4, in which the longer branches of each L-shaped arm (2, 3) are also split longitudinally, so as to obtain L-shaped flexible fingers (21, 23, 31, 33).
  6. A grounding disconnector according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which said joining means are constituted by a spacer (E) which comprises a sleeve (8) made of an electrically insulating material that surrounds a bolt (6) passing trough two flexible fingers (2B1, 3B1; 2B2, 3B2) of the two parallel arms (2, 3).
  7. A grounding disconnector according to claim 5, in which said joining means comprise a rigid yoke (13) acting as a hinge point for electrodynamic pincers whose levers are constituted by the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms (2, 3).
  8. A grounding disconnector according to claim 7, in which said yoke (13) comprises a rectangular plate (13C), one of whose faces is provided with two parallel shoulders (13A, 13B) on two opposite edges, each shoulder being provided with at least two holes (18), into each of which a rod (14) penetrates that is suitable for providing mechanical coupling between said yoke and a flexible finger of an L-shaped arm (2, 3).
  9. A grounding disconnector according to claim 8, in which a sleeve made of an insulating material (24) is interposed between the wall of a hole (18) and the rod (14) that penetrates into said hole.
  10. A grounding disconnector according to any preceding claim, in which metal plates (10') are fixed to the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms (2, 3), each metal plate having a beveled or rounded end at the end via which the fixed contact is engaged into the moving contact assembly, and in which the gap (l1) between two facing metal plates (10') when the disconnector is in the open position is smaller than the width (l2) of the fixed contact (4).
  11. A grounding disconnector according to claim 10 taken in combination with claim 9, in which said rod (14) has a threaded first portion (14A) which cooperates with tightening means (25) to contribute to fixing a metal plate (10') to a flexible finger (31) and a non-threaded second portion (14B) which is suitable for sliding in said insulating sleeve (24), and in which said tightening means (25) have an abutment member (26) arranged for limiting to a predetermined distance (d) the sliding of said second portion (14b) in said insulating sleeve (24) when the disconnector is closed in the presence of high current.
  12. A grounding disconnector according to claim 11, in which said predetermined distance (d) is close to the amplitude (e) of splaying of a flexible finger (21, 31) defined as being one half of the difference between the gap (l1)between two metal plates (10') and the width (l2) of the fixed contact (4).
  13. A grounding disconnector according to any one of claims 10 to 12 taken in combination with claim 8, in which the electrically insulating abutment element (8') that is carried by the moving contact assembly is secured to an electrically insulating bar (19) which has portions of U-shaped section and which is fixed to the middle of the plate (13c) of said yoke (13) parallel to the two shoulders (13A, 13B), and in which said insulating bar is clamped by the flexible fingers of the two parallel arms (2, 3) when the disconnector is in the open position.
  14. A grounding disconnector according to claim 13, in which said abutment element (8') is constituted by portions of said insulating bar (19) that are of substantially square section.
  15. A grounding disconnector according to any preceding claim, in which a shim (9) is disposed between the two parallel arms (2, 3) in the vicinity of their bends, and defines a minimum gap allowed between the two arms when said moving contact assembly (1) is passing a short-circuit current.
  16. A grounding disconnector according to any preceding claim, in which the two parallel arms (2, 3) are extended axially on their longer branches by a conductive rod (12) mounted to pivot about the pivot axis of the pivotally-mounted contact assembly (1).
  17. A grounding disconnector according to claim 16, in which, when the disconnector is in the fully closed position, said conductive rod (12) is inclined relative to a vertical position out of equilibrium.
  18. A grounding disconnector according to claim 5, in which each L-shaped arm is provided with three flexible fingers (31, 32, 33).
EP05101787A 2004-03-10 2005-03-08 Pivoting earthing switch with direct insertion and simple movement Not-in-force EP1575067B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450491 2004-03-10
FR0450491A FR2867603B1 (en) 2004-03-10 2004-03-10 DIRECT-INSERT, SWIVELD GROUND DISCONNECT SWITCH

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1575067A1 EP1575067A1 (en) 2005-09-14
EP1575067B1 true EP1575067B1 (en) 2006-09-27

Family

ID=34814591

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05101787A Not-in-force EP1575067B1 (en) 2004-03-10 2005-03-08 Pivoting earthing switch with direct insertion and simple movement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1575067B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE341090T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005000144T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2867603B1 (en)

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CN109564829A (en) * 2016-08-03 2019-04-02 西门子股份公司 Contact arm and its application method for high-tension switch gear

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DE102005041637A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-01 Siemens Ag Contact arrangement with a first and a second contact piece
MX2011005004A (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-09-10 Mikhail Sotnikov High voltage disconnector blade of external use with air isolation.
DE102011077768A1 (en) 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft An outdoor switching equipment
CN104715958B (en) * 2013-12-16 2017-12-12 西门子公司 A kind of earthed switch and its disconnecting switch
MX348192B (en) * 2014-11-26 2017-05-29 Sotnikov Mikhail High voltage disconnection telescopic switch insulated by air with a moving contact with pressure supply.
MX348193B (en) * 2014-11-26 2017-05-29 Sotnikov Mikhail High voltage disconnection telescopic switches isolated by air for isolated-phase bus.
RU2580937C1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-04-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Эльмаш (УЭТМ)" Combined gas-filled high-voltage apparatus
DE102016207120A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2017-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electrical contact arrangement
CN108807107B (en) * 2018-09-04 2024-01-09 广东电网有限责任公司 Fuse switch and electrical equipment
CN112420437B (en) * 2020-11-23 2023-06-13 西安西电开关电气有限公司 Double-locking device with auxiliary support and high-capacity switch equipment
CN113192789B (en) * 2021-03-24 2023-05-12 天津平高智能电气有限公司 Column isolating switch and wiring terminal thereof
CN118471722B (en) * 2024-07-11 2024-10-01 浙江正泰电气科技有限公司 Contact assembly and isolating switch

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109564829A (en) * 2016-08-03 2019-04-02 西门子股份公司 Contact arm and its application method for high-tension switch gear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2867603B1 (en) 2006-06-02
ATE341090T1 (en) 2006-10-15
DE602005000144T2 (en) 2007-10-25
FR2867603A1 (en) 2005-09-16
EP1575067A1 (en) 2005-09-14
DE602005000144D1 (en) 2006-11-09

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