EP2178099B1 - High- or medium-voltage electrical switching apparatus with two switches comprising driving means shared with the mobile contacts of the switches - Google Patents

High- or medium-voltage electrical switching apparatus with two switches comprising driving means shared with the mobile contacts of the switches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2178099B1
EP2178099B1 EP09172743A EP09172743A EP2178099B1 EP 2178099 B1 EP2178099 B1 EP 2178099B1 EP 09172743 A EP09172743 A EP 09172743A EP 09172743 A EP09172743 A EP 09172743A EP 2178099 B1 EP2178099 B1 EP 2178099B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
control mechanism
cam
control shaft
movable
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Application number
EP09172743A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2178099A1 (en
Inventor
Lukas Treier
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GE Grid Switzerland GmbH
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Areva T&D AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/42—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using cam or eccentric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/46—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to the field of high or medium voltage electrical switching devices comprising at least two switches.
  • the invention particularly relates to devices of this type in which at least one of the switches is a bar switch and at least one of the switches is an earthing switch.
  • each switch comprises a pair of contacts consisting of a fixed contact and a movable contact in translation so as to separate each other during a switch .
  • the main application is the medium or high electrical voltage in which the bar disconnector and the earthing switch are arranged in insulating envelopes each filled with a dielectric gas under a controlled atmosphere, such as SF6.
  • interlocking devices the purpose of which is to ensure the safety of persons and equipment, have the function of allowing the position of the bar switch to be kept in the open position when the earthing switch is in the closed position. last not to take place in the presence of an electrical voltage on the main electrical circuit.
  • the document WO 0024099 discloses in its embodiment of Figure 8 (whose description is given on page 12 line 18 to page 13 line 18) a high voltage electrical switching apparatus with two bar disconnectors and an earthing switch and drive means common.
  • the switches 136, 137, 138 have their respective movable contacts 58, 65, 64 which each comprises a translational follower member 135 in contact with a peripheral surface of a common disc cam member 130 integral with a rotational control shaft 123.
  • the peripheral surface of the cam 130 is conductive in order to bring the current of a conductor 54 to each of the fixed contacts 55, 56, 57.
  • the disadvantages of the switching apparatus according to this document are numerous.
  • the movable contacts 58, 65, 64 are not guided in force in the two directions of translation (opening and closing direction).
  • the size required for such a switching apparatus is important.
  • a large torque is required due, on the one hand, to the small angular cam stroke 130 possible for the displacement of the movable contact 58, 65, 64 and, on the other hand, to the force of the return spring surrounding the movable contact and which acts in addition to the bearing force between the latter and the cam 130.
  • the document CH 696476 also discloses an electrical switchgear 1 comprising two switches 2, 3 in which the two movable contacts 4, 6 movable in translation are each articulated at a point 13, 14 forming a follower oscillating at a single groove 12 of the same disc cam 9 integral with a rotating control shaft 10.
  • the disadvantages of the switching apparatus according to this document are numerous. A high torque of rotation is required on the shaft 10 close to the closed positions, because of the axial force required for the large moving contact and the distance from the latter to the axis of rotation 10. The force of The drive is directly applied to the moving contact, which generates side forces on it.
  • the disk cam 9 must be designed rather wide, because it must be larger than the stroke of the movable contacts 4, 6.
  • the axis of rotation of the disk cam 9 is arranged at the intersection of the axes of moving contacts 4, 6.
  • the space required for a given apparatus is important since the disk cam protrudes outside the angular zone of smaller value delimited by the translation axes of the movable contacts 4, 6.
  • the document DE 196 02 912 discloses a control with a lever 17 with two arms 15, 19. One of the arms 15 is coupled to a single movable contact 12 while the other arm 19 is coupled to a control mechanism.
  • This control mechanism comprises a spring drive with a single coil spring 32 and a disk cam 22. The spring drive rotates the disk cam 22 in both directions.
  • the disk cam 22 is coupled to the other arm 19 of the lever 17.
  • An object of the invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the control mechanisms of currently known switching devices which comprise at least two switches, such as disconnectors, with drive means common to the movable contacts.
  • an object of the invention is to propose a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means including the transmission of force between a rotating control shaft and each contact. mobile translation is optimized.
  • an object of the invention is to propose a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means including the drive ratio (ratio between the translation travel of a moving contact and the angular travel of the rotary control shaft) is variable, with the lowest value close to the closed position of the disconnector concerned.
  • Another particular object of the invention is to propose a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means such that the maximum torque exerted on the control shaft in rotation is low. and such that the axial forces in the axis of translation of the movable contacts are also small.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a control mechanism of a switching device of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means whose size is reduced and whose assembly is easy.
  • the profile of the grooves is preferably such that the follower is in limit stop against the groove at or immediately after the neutral position in the closed position.
  • the cam grooves each have a circular profile portion whose center is the axis of rotation of the shaft and a profile portion with a variable distance relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft. shaft, one of the followers being housed in the variable distance profile portion of a groove while the other of the followers is housed in the circular portion the other groove to maintain the opening of one of the switches during the closing of the other switches and vice versa and to avoid any reaction force on the control shaft from a contact mobile in its closed position
  • the axis of rotation of the control shaft and the disk cam are preferably arranged in the smallest angular zone delimited by the translation axes of the contacts.
  • Each lever of a given pair having an end articulated at a fixed point and whose other end is connected to a moving contact is advantageously arranged between the control shaft and the other the axis of translation of the moving contact to which it is not connected.
  • a roller is rotatably mounted on the lug. This reduces the friction forces between the lug and the corresponding cam groove.
  • the circular parts of the grooves are concentric and located on the same angular portion of a disk cam.
  • a disk cam by switch the two disk cams being arranged parallel on the control shaft in rotation by a distance substantially equal to the sum of the thickness of two levers and a free space allowing their relative rotational movement without friction.
  • Such a mode requires an axial size, that is to say in the direction of the rotational control shaft, more important than the embodiment with a single disk cam.
  • This mode with two parallel disk cams advantageously reduces the diameter of each disk cam and give more freedom of arrangement of the grooves on the cams.
  • each fixed-end lever may comprise two identical parts arranged parallel to each other so that each disk cam moves between these two parts parallel to each other.
  • the invention also relates to a medium and high voltage substation under metal tank (GIS), comprising, at least for one phase, an electrical switching apparatus comprising an envelope in which are housed at least partially the movable contacts of two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, and a control mechanism as previously described.
  • GIS medium and high voltage substation under metal tank
  • the movable contacts are advantageously hollow tubular in order to improve the cooling of each device during a switch.
  • the station comprises, for each of the three phases, an electrical switching apparatus comprising a casing in which at least part of the mobile contacts of two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, are housed. control as described above with a control shaft made of a single piece which is connected to an actuator and which connects the three envelopes.
  • the station comprises, for each of the three phases, an electrical switching apparatus comprising a casing in which the movable contacts of two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch and provided with a mechanism, are housed at least partially.
  • control unit as described above with a control shaft made of three distinct parts, a part being connected to an actuator and the other two parts each connect two adjacent disk cams.
  • the following figures show a switching device A according to the invention which makes it possible to perform the switching of a single pole. It goes without saying that the arrangement described hereinafter of a switching apparatus can be repeated for each pole in the case of a multipole combination.
  • FIG. 1 On the figure 1 is represented a part of a three-phase electrical switching station 1 comprising three identical envelopes 2A, 2B, 2C in each of which is housed a switching device according to the invention. These three identical phases are arranged in a common metallic tank not shown and fixed to an insulating plate 3 by the conductors 4 (FIG. figure 2 ). In addition, an insulating bar 5 fixed to the three identical envelopes 2A, 2B, 2C is provided as mechanical reinforcement.
  • the earthing switch 20 and the bar disconnector 21 of one of the phases 2A are arranged substantially in the same plane and forming an angle of 90 ° between them. It's obvious that the relative arrangement between earthing switch 20 and bar 21 may be different and such that the disconnectors form an angle between 70 and 180 °.
  • the movable contacts 200, 210 of a phase and the drive means 22 (otherwise called force transmission means) of the same phase are arranged in the same envelope 2A.
  • Each movable contact 200, 210 slides in an opening 200A, 210A provided for this purpose in the envelope 2A.
  • the fixed contacts 201 of earthing switches are each fixed inside the common metal tank not shown.
  • the fixed contacts 211 of the bar disconnectors are each attached to a driver not shown.
  • Such an arrangement of the movable contacts 200, 210 and drive means 22 allows the reaction forces to be supported by the same shell 2A, 2B, 2C, which minimizes the reaction forces from outside.
  • the envelope acts as a dielectric shrinkage of the live parts, which increases the dielectric strength and reduces the partial discharges.
  • the tank also acts as a conductive element for the transmission of the current of each conductor towards the moving contacts.
  • the envelope also contributes to heat dissipation by thermal conduction from the movable contacts 200, 210 to an area surrounding them.
  • the movable contacts 200, 210 shown are in the form of a cylinder of hollow revolution emerging on either side at their end. They are housed inside the corresponding envelope in their open position, which has the advantage of a good dielectric behavior. The movable contacts 200, 210 are brought back inside the envelope in their open position.
  • the fixed contacts or electrodes 201, 211 are in the form of a cylinder of hollow revolution but opening only on the opposite side of the corresponding movable contact 200, 210.
  • the proximity of or the closing position of a movable contact of a given switch, earthing switch or bar disconnector corresponds to an at least partial engagement of the movable contact 200, 210 in the fixed contact 201 , 211 corresponding.
  • Each electrical switching device (a phase) with its envelope 2A, 2B, 2C, its movable contacts 200, 210 and part of its common drive means 22 to the movable contacts (lever, link) can be pre-assembled, this which reduces manufacturing costs.
  • the common drive means 22 of the movable contacts 200, 210 allow the closing of the earthing switch 20 while maintaining the opening of the bar switch 21 and vice versa.
  • the fact that the movable contacts 200, 210 do not move in their open position makes it possible to save space for the envelope 2A, 2B or 2C.
  • the rotational control shaft 220 is arranged at a distance and orthogonally to the translation axes of the moving contacts 200, 210 in a angular sector located between these two axes, for example making 90 ° between them.
  • the shaft 220 is carried by each metal casing 2A, 2B, 2C at least at one end and is rotated by an actuator arranged outside the casings 2A, 2B and 2C.
  • the common drive means 22 comprise a control shaft 220 on which is fixed a single disk cam 221 comprising two grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 .
  • the drive means further comprises two pairs of levers 2210, 2220 and 2211, 2221.
  • the levers 2210, 2220 and 2211, 2221 of the same pair are hinged together at a point of articulation 222.
  • Each of the two levers 2210, 2211 is further articulated at a hinge point 224 attached to the metal shell 2A.
  • Each of the levers 2220, 2221 is further articulated to each movable contact 200, 210 concerned at a point of articulation 223.
  • each lever 2210, 2211 attached to the metal shell 2A and one of cam grooves 221, respectively 221 R0 , 221 R1 is formed by means of a lug 2230, 2231 fixed on said lever.
  • a roller is rotatably mounted on each lug 2230, 2231.
  • the lug advantageously provided with its roller, 2230, 2231 therefore plays the follower role of the cam 221.
  • the geometric shape, the length and the arrangement of the two pairs of levers 2210, 2220 and 2211, 2221 inside the metal casing 2A as well as the profile of the grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 of the cam 221 allow to have an additional drive ratio between the cam 221 and each associated movable contact 200, 210.
  • the drive torque to be applied to the drive shaft 220 to move the movable contacts 200, 210 is small.
  • the common drive mechanisms 22 also have the advantage of having a zero or virtually zero transmission ratio when the movable contact 200, 210 is fully engaged in the corresponding fixed contact 201, 211. This zero transmission ratio is obtained thanks to the stroke of the contact defined by the length and groove profile 221.
  • each movable contact 200, 210 is somehow self-locked in its closed position. No undesired reaction force which occurs, for example due to high current or vibration, can thus be transmitted to the control shaft 220 when one of the movable contacts 200, 210 is in its closed position ( Figures 3 and 4 ).
  • cam grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 each have a circular profile portion C0, C1 whose center is the axis of rotation X of the shaft and a profile portion R0, R1, with a variable distance to the axis of rotation X.
  • the grooves At the end of the rectilinear profile R 0 , R 1 opposite curved profile parts C 0 , C 1 , the grooves have a portion of short length in which the distance to the axis rotation X is constant in order to have a zero transmission ratio in the closed position of the contacts.
  • One of the followers 2230 or 2231 is housed in the rectilinear portion R0 or R1 of one groove, while the other of the followers 2231 or 2230 is housed in the circular portion C1 or C0 of the other groove in order to maintain the opening of the earthing switch 20 during the closing of the bar switch 21 and vice versa.
  • the circular parts Co, C1 of the grooves are concentric and located on the same angular portion of disk cam 221.
  • FIG. 5 another embodiment is shown in which a disk cam 221 D , 221 E is provided by disconnector 20 or 21.
  • the two disk cams 221 D , 221 E are here arranged in parallel on the rotational control shaft. 220 a distance substantially equal to the thickness of two levers 2210i, 2211i increased by a free space allowing their rotational movement without friction between them.
  • each fixed end lever 2210, 2211 224 comprises two identical lever parts 2210i, 2210j or 2211i, 2211j arranged parallel to each other so that each disk cam 221 D , 221 E moves between these two parts lever parallel to each other.
  • This embodiment of the figure 5 has the essential advantage of allowing a reduction in the diameter of the disk cam and greater freedom in the arrangement of the grooves. However, it requires an axial size according to the control shaft 220 more important than the embodiment of the Figures 2 to 4 .
  • the grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 are formed opening on either side of the disc (s) 221. They can be made by being blind, that is to say say by opening only one side of the disc (s) to disk.
  • the insulating gas can enter inside the casing through an opening in the bottom of the casing, then pass along the contacts and out through the inside of the tubular contacts from above ( chimney cooling effect).

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  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The mechanism has a common actuator unit (22) including levers (2210, 2220, 2211, 2221) hinged together. One of the levers is hinged to one of movable contacts (200, 210). Spigots (2230, 2231) are arranged between two ends (222, 224) of each lever. The spigots are engaged in one of cam grooves (221R0, 221R0) so as to constitute a follower, where geometry, length and disposition of the levers and profiles of the grooves provide an additional drive ratio between a disk cam (221) and the associated movable contact. An independent claim is also included for a medium and high voltage gas insulated switch including a casing in which movable contacts of two interrupters are arranged.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention se rapporte généralement au domaine des appareils de commutation électrique de haute ou moyenne tension comprenant au moins deux interrupteurs.The invention generally relates to the field of high or medium voltage electrical switching devices comprising at least two switches.

L'invention concerne en particulier des appareils de ce type dans lesquels au moins un des interrupteurs est un sectionneur de barre et au moins un des interrupteurs est un sectionneur de terre.The invention particularly relates to devices of this type in which at least one of the switches is a bar switch and at least one of the switches is an earthing switch.

Plus spécifiquement, l'invention se rapporte à ce type d'appareils de commutation dans lesquels chaque sectionneur comprend une paire de contacts constituée d'un contact fixe et d'un contact mobile en translation de sorte à se séparer mutuellement lors d'une commutation.More specifically, the invention relates to this type of switchgear in which each switch comprises a pair of contacts consisting of a fixed contact and a movable contact in translation so as to separate each other during a switch .

L'application principale est la moyenne ou haute tension électrique selon laquelle le sectionneur de barre et le sectionneur de terre sont disposés dans des enveloppes isolantes remplies chacune d'un gaz diélectrique sous atmosphère contrôlée, tel que du SF6.The main application is the medium or high electrical voltage in which the bar disconnector and the earthing switch are arranged in insulating envelopes each filled with a dielectric gas under a controlled atmosphere, such as SF6.

ART ANTÉRIEURPRIOR ART

Habituellement, les manoeuvres mécaniques de ce type d'appareils sont indépendantes, assurées par deux commandes mécaniques distinctes et contrôlées par des dispositifs mécaniques ou électriques d'interverrouillage.Usually, the mechanical maneuvers of this type of apparatus are independent, provided by two separate mechanical controls controlled by mechanical or electrical interlocking devices.

Ces dispositifs d'interverrouillage, dont le but est d'assurer la sécurité des personnes et du matériel, ont pour fonction de permettre un maintien de la position du sectionneur de barre en position ouverte lorsque le sectionneur de terre est en position de fermeture, cette dernière ne devant pas avoir lieu en présence d'une tension électrique sur le circuit électrique principal.These interlocking devices, the purpose of which is to ensure the safety of persons and equipment, have the function of allowing the position of the bar switch to be kept in the open position when the earthing switch is in the closed position. last not to take place in the presence of an electrical voltage on the main electrical circuit.

Il a déjà été proposé d'entraîner chaque contact mobile de deux interrupteurs distincts, tels qu'un sectionneur de barre et un sectionneur de terre, à l'aide d'un unique arbre de commande en rotation. En particulier, il est connu d'entraîner en translation deux contacts mobiles par un unique arbre de rotation.It has already been proposed to drive each movable contact of two separate switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, using a single rotating control shaft. In particular, it is known to translate two mobile contacts in translation by a single rotation shaft.

Le document WO 0024099 divulgue dans son mode de réalisation de la figure 8 (dont la description est donnée en page 12 ligne 18 à page 13 ligne 18) un appareil de commutation électrique haute tension avec deux sectionneurs de barre et un sectionneur de terre et des moyens d'entrainement commun. Dans ce document, les interrupteurs 136, 137, 138 ont leur contact mobile respectif 58, 65, 64 qui comprend chacun un élément 135 formant suiveur à translation en contact avec une surface périphérique d'un élément formant came à disque 130 commun solidaire d'un arbre de commande en rotation 123. En outre, la surface périphérique de la came 130 est conductrice afin d'amener le courant d'un conducteur 54 vers chacun des contacts fixes 55, 56, 57. Les inconvénients de l'appareil de commutation selon ce document sont nombreux. Tout d'abord, les contacts mobiles 58, 65, 64 ne sont pas guidés en force selon les deux directions de translation (direction d'ouverture et de fermeture). L'encombrement requis pour un tel appareil de commutation est important. En outre, un couple important est requis du fait d'une part, de la faible course angulaire de came 130 possible pour le déplacement du contact mobile 58, 65, 64 et d'autre part, de la force du ressort de rappel entourant le contact mobile et qui agit en sus de la force d'appui entre ce dernier et la came 130.The document WO 0024099 discloses in its embodiment of Figure 8 (whose description is given on page 12 line 18 to page 13 line 18) a high voltage electrical switching apparatus with two bar disconnectors and an earthing switch and drive means common. In this document, the switches 136, 137, 138 have their respective movable contacts 58, 65, 64 which each comprises a translational follower member 135 in contact with a peripheral surface of a common disc cam member 130 integral with a rotational control shaft 123. In addition, the peripheral surface of the cam 130 is conductive in order to bring the current of a conductor 54 to each of the fixed contacts 55, 56, 57. The disadvantages of the switching apparatus according to this document are numerous. First, the movable contacts 58, 65, 64 are not guided in force in the two directions of translation (opening and closing direction). The size required for such a switching apparatus is important. In addition, a large torque is required due, on the one hand, to the small angular cam stroke 130 possible for the displacement of the movable contact 58, 65, 64 and, on the other hand, to the force of the return spring surrounding the movable contact and which acts in addition to the bearing force between the latter and the cam 130.

Le document CH 696476 divulgue également un appareil de commutation électrique 1 comprenant deux interrupteurs 2, 3 dans lequel les deux contacts 4, 6 mobiles en translation sont articulés chacun en un point 13, 14 formant suiveur oscillant à une rainure unique 12 d'une même came à disque 9 solidaire d'un arbre de commande en rotation 10. Les inconvénients de l'appareil de commutation selon ce document sont nombreux. Un couple élevé de rotation est nécessaire sur l'arbre 10 à proximité des positions de fermeture, du fait de la force axiale requise pour le contact mobile importante et de la distance de ce dernier à l'axe de rotation 10. La force d'entraînement est directement appliquée au contact mobile, ce qui génère des forces latérales sur celui-ci. La came à disque 9 doit être conçue assez large, du fait qu'elle doit être plus importante que la course des contacts mobiles 4, 6. L'axe de rotation de la came à disque 9 est agencé à l'intersection des axes de déplacement des contacts 4, 6. L'encombrement requis pour un appareil donné est important puisque la came à disque fait saillie à l'extérieur de la zone angulaire de plus faible valeur délimitée par les axes de translation des contacts mobiles 4, 6.The document CH 696476 also discloses an electrical switchgear 1 comprising two switches 2, 3 in which the two movable contacts 4, 6 movable in translation are each articulated at a point 13, 14 forming a follower oscillating at a single groove 12 of the same disc cam 9 integral with a rotating control shaft 10. The disadvantages of the switching apparatus according to this document are numerous. A high torque of rotation is required on the shaft 10 close to the closed positions, because of the axial force required for the large moving contact and the distance from the latter to the axis of rotation 10. The force of The drive is directly applied to the moving contact, which generates side forces on it. The disk cam 9 must be designed rather wide, because it must be larger than the stroke of the movable contacts 4, 6. The axis of rotation of the disk cam 9 is arranged at the intersection of the axes of moving contacts 4, 6. The space required for a given apparatus is important since the disk cam protrudes outside the angular zone of smaller value delimited by the translation axes of the movable contacts 4, 6.

Le document DE 196 02 912 divulgue une commande avec un levier 17 à deux bras 15, 19. Un des bras 15 est accouplé à un unique contact mobile 12 tandis que l'autre bras 19 est accouplé à un mécanisme de commande. Ce mécanisme de commande comprend une commande à ressort avec un seul ressort spiral 32 et une came à disque 22. La commande à ressort met en rotation la came à disque 22 dans les deux sens. La came à disque 22 est accouplée à l'autre bras 19 du levier 17.The document DE 196 02 912 discloses a control with a lever 17 with two arms 15, 19. One of the arms 15 is coupled to a single movable contact 12 while the other arm 19 is coupled to a control mechanism. This control mechanism comprises a spring drive with a single coil spring 32 and a disk cam 22. The spring drive rotates the disk cam 22 in both directions. The disk cam 22 is coupled to the other arm 19 of the lever 17.

Les structures des appareils de commutation divulgués dans les documents mentionnés ci-dessus présentent toutes l'inconvénient de générer une force de réaction sur l'arbre de rotation lorsque les contacts mobiles sont en position de fermeture, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'ils sont en appui mutuel avec leur contact fixe correspondant. En d'autres termes, des charges indésirables sont appliquées à l'arbre de rotation et à l'actionneur en amont qui donne le mouvement de rotation à l'arbre.The structures of the switching devices disclosed in the documents mentioned above all have the drawback of generating a reaction force on the rotation shaft when the movable contacts are in the closed position, that is to say when they are in mutual support with their corresponding fixed contact. In other words, undesirable loads are applied to the rotation shaft and to the upstream actuator which gives the rotational movement to the shaft.

Un but de l'invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients des mécanismes de commande des appareils de commutation actuellement connus qui comprennent au moins deux interrupteurs, tels que des sectionneurs, avec moyens d'entraînement communs aux contacts mobiles.An object of the invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the control mechanisms of currently known switching devices which comprise at least two switches, such as disconnectors, with drive means common to the movable contacts.

Plus spécialement, un but de l'invention est de proposer un mécanisme de commande d'un appareil de commutation électrique du type mentionné en préambule avec des moyens d'entraînement communs dont la transmission de force entre un arbre de commande en rotation et chaque contact mobile en translation est optimisée.More specifically, an object of the invention is to propose a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means including the transmission of force between a rotating control shaft and each contact. mobile translation is optimized.

En particulier, un but de l'invention est de proposer un mécanisme de commande d'un appareil de commutation électrique du type mentionné en préambule avec des moyens d'entraînement communs dont le rapport d'entraînement (rapport entre la course de translation d'un contact mobile et la course angulaire de l'arbre de commande en rotation) est variable, avec la valeur la plus faible à proximité de la position de fermeture du sectionneur concerné.In particular, an object of the invention is to propose a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means including the drive ratio (ratio between the translation travel of a moving contact and the angular travel of the rotary control shaft) is variable, with the lowest value close to the closed position of the disconnector concerned.

Un autre but particulier de l'invention est de proposer un mécanisme de commande d'un appareil de commutation électrique du type mentionné en préambule avec des moyens d'entraînement communs tels que le couple maximum exercé sur l'arbre de commande en rotation soit faible et tels que les efforts axiaux dans l'axe de translation des contacts mobiles soient également faibles.Another particular object of the invention is to propose a control mechanism of an electrical switching apparatus of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means such that the maximum torque exerted on the control shaft in rotation is low. and such that the axial forces in the axis of translation of the movable contacts are also small.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un mécanisme de commande d'un appareil de commutation du type mentionné en préambule avec des moyens d'entraînement communs dont l'encombrement est réduit et dont l'assemblage est aisé.Another object of the invention is to provide a control mechanism of a switching device of the type mentioned in the preamble with common drive means whose size is reduced and whose assembly is easy.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un mécanisme de commande d'un appareil de commutation électrique haute ou moyenne tension comprenant deux interrupteurs, tels qu'un un sectionneur de barre et un sectionneur de terre, dont chacun comprend une paire de contacts comprenant un contact fixe et un contact mobile en translation de sorte à se séparer mutuellement lors d'une commutation, dans lequel le mécanisme de commande comprend :

  • des moyens communs d'entraînement des contacts mobiles qui permettent la fermeture d'un des interrupteurs tout en maintenant l'ouverture de l'autre des interrupteurs et vice-versa, les moyens d'entraînement communs comprenant :
    • un arbre de commande en rotation agencé à distance et orthogonalement aux axes de translation des contacts mobiles,
    • au moins une came à disque solidaire de l'arbre de commande et comprenant deux rainures intérieures distinctes,
  • deux paires de leviers articulés entre eux, l'un des leviers d'une paire donnée ayant une extrémité articulée en un point fixe et l'autre extrémité articulée à l'autre des leviers de la paire donnée lui-même articulé à l'un des contacts mobiles, un ergot étant agencé entre les deux extrémités de chaque levier à extrémité fixe et étant logé dans une des rainures de came en formant un suiveur ; mécanisme dans lequel la forme géométrique, la longueur et l'agencement des deux paires de leviers ainsi que le profil des rainures de came(s) permettent d'avoir un rapport d'entraînement supplémentaire entre la(es) came(s) à disque et chaque contact mobile associé.
To do this, the invention relates to a control mechanism of a high or medium voltage electrical switching device comprising two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, each of which comprises a pair of contacts comprising a fixed contact and a movable contact in translation so as to separate each other during a switch, in which the control mechanism comprises:
  • common drive means of the movable contacts which allow the closing of one of the switches while maintaining the opening of the other switches and vice versa, the common drive means comprising:
    • a rotational control shaft arranged at a distance and orthogonal to the translation axes of the moving contacts,
    • at least one disc cam integral with the control shaft and comprising two distinct inner grooves,
  • two pairs of levers hinged together, one of the levers of a given pair having one end articulated at a fixed point and the other end articulated to the other of the levers of the given pair itself articulated to one movable contacts, a pin being arranged between the two ends of each fixed-end lever and being housed in one of the cam grooves forming a follower; mechanism in which the geometric shape, the length and arrangement of the two pairs of levers as well as the cam groove profile (s) allow to have an additional drive ratio between the disc (s) cam (s) and each associated moving contact.

Par l'expression « rapport d'entraînement supplémentaire entre la(es) came(s) à disque et chaque contact mobile associé », il faut comprendre ici et dans le cadre de l'invention un rapport d'entrainement supplémentaire à un entrainement selon lequel le contact mobile est directement articulé à une rainure de came à disque, comme par exemple montré dans le document CH 696 476 .By the expression "additional drive ratio between the disk cam (s) and each associated moving contact", it is necessary to understand here and in the context of the invention an additional training ratio to a training according to which the movable contact is directly articulated to a disk cam groove, as for example shown in the document CH 696 476 .

Grâce à ce rapport supplémentaire, le rayon de la came à disque peut être réduit.With this additional report, the radius of the disk cam can be reduced.

Par la longueur des rainures, on optimise ainsi le rapport de transmission avec la came à disque afin que ce dernier soit :

  • élevé sur la course de translation entre contacts fixes (c'est-à-dire le contact fixe solidaire de l'enveloppe métallique dans lequel le contact mobile est logé et contact fixe de fermeture),
  • faible à proximité ou dans la position de fermeture du contact mobile (c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il est complètement engagé dans le contact fixe de fermeture).
The length of the grooves thus optimizes the transmission ratio with the disk cam so that it is:
  • high on the translation travel between fixed contacts (that is to say the fixed contact fixed to the metal casing in which the movable contact is housed and fixed contact closure),
  • low near or in the closed position of the movable contact (that is, when it is fully engaged in the fixed contact closure).

Comparativement à la transmission par came à disque selon le brevet CH 696476 , l'invention telle que définie présente les avantages suivantes :

  • aucune force transversale n'est appliquée aux contacts mobiles,
  • un rapport supplémentaire est obtenu grâce aux leviers,
  • le rayon de la came à disque ne doit pas être nécessairement plus important que les courses des contacts mobiles, les dimensions extérieures de la came à disque sont réduites,
  • un rapport de transmission variable avec l'effort de transmission le plus faible à proximité de la position de fermeture des contacts, ce qui réduit le couple nécessaire sur l'arbre de commande,
  • un rapport de transmission sensiblement nul à proximité des positions extrêmes de chaque interrupteur, ce qui permet un autoblocage des contacts dans leur position extrême et évite ainsi toute réaction de l'arbre de commande et l'utilisation d'un actionneur spécifique dédié à cette fonction de blocage,
  • un encombrement requis moindre du fait de l'agencement de l'arbre de commande dans la zone angulaire délimitée par les axes de translation des contacts mobiles.
Compared to the disk cam transmission according to the patent CH 696476 the invention as defined has the following advantages:
  • no transverse force is applied to the moving contacts,
  • an additional report is obtained thanks to the levers,
  • the radius of the disk cam need not be larger than the travel of the moving contacts, the outer dimensions of the disk cam are reduced,
  • a variable transmission ratio with the lowest transmission force close to the closing position of the contacts, which reduces the necessary torque on the control shaft,
  • a substantially zero transmission ratio near the extreme positions of each switch, which allows self-locking of the contacts in their extreme position and thus avoids any reaction of the control shaft and the use of a specific actuator dedicated to this function blocking,
  • less space requirement due to the arrangement of the control shaft in the angular zone delimited by the translation axes of the movable contacts.

Le profil des rainures est de préférence tel que le suiveur est en butée de fin de course contre la rainure au, ou immédiatement après le, point mort en position de fermeture.The profile of the grooves is preferably such that the follower is in limit stop against the groove at or immediately after the neutral position in the closed position.

Selon une variante de réalisation avantageuse, les rainures de came présentent chacune une partie de profil circulaire dont le centre est l'axe de rotation de l'arbre et une partie de profil à distance variable par rapport à l'axe de rotation de l'arbre, un des suiveurs étant logé dans la partie de profil à distance variable d'une rainure tandis que l'autre des suiveurs est logé dans la partie circulaire de l'autre rainure afin de maintenir l'ouverture d'un des interrupteurs pendant la fermeture de l'autre des interrupteurs et vice-versa et, d'éviter toute force de réaction sur l'arbre de commande à partir d'un contact mobile dans sa position de fermetureAccording to an advantageous variant embodiment, the cam grooves each have a circular profile portion whose center is the axis of rotation of the shaft and a profile portion with a variable distance relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft. shaft, one of the followers being housed in the variable distance profile portion of a groove while the other of the followers is housed in the circular portion the other groove to maintain the opening of one of the switches during the closing of the other switches and vice versa and to avoid any reaction force on the control shaft from a contact mobile in its closed position

L'axe de rotation de l'arbre de commande et la came à disque sont de préférence agencés dans la plus petite zone angulaire délimitée par les axes de translation des contacts.The axis of rotation of the control shaft and the disk cam are preferably arranged in the smallest angular zone delimited by the translation axes of the contacts.

Chaque levier d'une paire donnée ayant une extrémité articulée en un point fixe et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un contact mobile est avantageusement agencé entre l'arbre de commande et l'autre l'axe de translation du contact mobile auquel il n'est pas relié.Each lever of a given pair having an end articulated at a fixed point and whose other end is connected to a moving contact is advantageously arranged between the control shaft and the other the axis of translation of the moving contact to which it is not connected.

Avantageusement, un galet est monté à rotation sur l'ergot. On réduit ainsi les efforts de frottement entre l'ergot et la rainure de came correspondante.Advantageously, a roller is rotatably mounted on the lug. This reduces the friction forces between the lug and the corresponding cam groove.

Selon cette variante, les parties circulaires des rainures sont concentriques et situées sur une même portion angulaire de came à disque.According to this variant, the circular parts of the grooves are concentric and located on the same angular portion of a disk cam.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, il est prévu une came à disque par interrupteur, les deux cames à disque étant agencées parallèlement sur l'arbre de commande en rotation d'une distance sensiblement égale à la somme de l'épaisseur de deux leviers et d'un espace libre permettant leur mouvement de rotation relatif sans friction. Un tel mode nécessite un encombrement axial, c'est-à-dire selon la direction de l'arbre de commande en rotation, plus important que le mode de réalisation avec une seule came à disque. Ce mode à deux cames à disque parallèles permet de réduire avantageusement le diamètre de chaque came à disque et de donner plus de liberté d'agencement des rainures sur les cames.According to an advantageous embodiment, there is provided a disk cam by switch, the two disk cams being arranged parallel on the control shaft in rotation by a distance substantially equal to the sum of the thickness of two levers and a free space allowing their relative rotational movement without friction. Such a mode requires an axial size, that is to say in the direction of the rotational control shaft, more important than the embodiment with a single disk cam. This mode with two parallel disk cams advantageously reduces the diameter of each disk cam and give more freedom of arrangement of the grooves on the cams.

Selon ce mode de réalisation, chaque levier à extrémité fixe peut comprendre deux pièces identiques agencées parallèlement l'une à l'autre de telle sorte que chaque came à disque se déplace entre ces deux pièces parallèles entre elles.According to this embodiment, each fixed-end lever may comprise two identical parts arranged parallel to each other so that each disk cam moves between these two parts parallel to each other.

L'invention concerne également un poste de moyenne et haute tension sous cuve métallique (GIS), comportant, au moins pour une phase, un appareil de commutation électrique comprenant une enveloppe dans laquelle sont logés au moins partiellement les contacts mobiles de deux interrupteurs, tels qu'un sectionneur de barre et d'un sectionneur de terre, et un mécanisme de commande tel que décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a medium and high voltage substation under metal tank (GIS), comprising, at least for one phase, an electrical switching apparatus comprising an envelope in which are housed at least partially the movable contacts of two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, and a control mechanism as previously described.

Les contacts mobiles sont avantageusement de forme tubulaire creuse afin d'améliorer le refroidissement de chaque appareil lors d'une commutation.The movable contacts are advantageously hollow tubular in order to improve the cooling of each device during a switch.

Selon une variante, le poste comporte pour chacune des trois phases un appareil de commutation électrique comprenant un enveloppe dans laquelle sont logés au moins partiellement les contacts mobiles de deux interrupteurs, tels qu'un sectionneur de barre et un sectionneur de terre et un mécanisme de commande tel que décrit précédemment avec un arbre de commande réalisé en une pièce monobloc qui est reliée à un actionneur et qui relie les trois enveloppes.According to one variant, the station comprises, for each of the three phases, an electrical switching apparatus comprising a casing in which at least part of the mobile contacts of two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch, are housed. control as described above with a control shaft made of a single piece which is connected to an actuator and which connects the three envelopes.

Alternativement, le poste comporte pour chacune des trois phases un appareil de commutation électrique comprenant une enveloppe dans laquelle sont logés au moins partiellement les contacts mobiles de deux interrupteurs, tels qu'un sectionneur de barre et un sectionneur de terre et muni d'un mécanisme de commande tel que décrit précédemment avec un arbre de commande réalisé en trois parties distinctes, une partie étant reliée à un actionneur et les deux autres parties relient chacune deux cames à disques adjacentes.Alternatively, the station comprises, for each of the three phases, an electrical switching apparatus comprising a casing in which the movable contacts of two switches, such as a bar disconnector and an earthing switch and provided with a mechanism, are housed at least partially. control unit as described above with a control shaft made of three distinct parts, a part being connected to an actuator and the other two parts each connect two adjacent disk cams.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante, donnée à titre indicatif, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés.The features and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description given for information only and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Parmi ces figures :

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un poste GIS selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un mode de réalisation d'un appareil de commutation électrique 2A selon l'invention, l'appareil étant en position d'interruption (ouvertures du sectionneur de barre et du sectionneur de terre),
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale du mode de réalisation de la figure 2, l'appareil étant en position de marche (fermeture du sectionneur de barre),
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale du mode de réalisation de la figure 2, l'appareil étant en position de terre (sectionneur de terre fermé),
  • la figure 5 est une schématique en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'une partie d'appareil de commutation électrique 2A selon l'invention, l'appareil étant en position d'interruption (ouverture du sectionneur de barre et du sectionneur de terre).
Among these figures:
  • the figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a GIS station according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electrical switchgear 2A according to the invention, the apparatus being in the interrupted position (openings of the bar switch and the earthing switch),
  • the figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the figure 2 with the device in the on position (closing the bar switch),
  • the figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the figure 2 , the device is in the earth position (closed earthing switch),
  • the figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a portion of electrical switchgear 2A according to the invention, the apparatus being in the interrupted position (opening of the bar switch and the earthing switch).

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Les figures suivantes montrent un appareil de commutation A selon l'invention qui permet de réaliser les commutations d'un seul pôle. Il va de soi que l'agencement décrit ci-après d'un appareil de commutation peut être répété pour chaque pôle dans le cas d'une combinaison multipolaire.The following figures show a switching device A according to the invention which makes it possible to perform the switching of a single pole. It goes without saying that the arrangement described hereinafter of a switching apparatus can be repeated for each pole in the case of a multipole combination.

Sur la figure 1 est représenté une partie d'un poste de commutation électrique à trois phases 1 comprenant trois enveloppes identiques 2A, 2B, 2C dans chacune desquelles est logé un appareil de commutation selon l'invention. Ces trois phases identiques sont agencées dans une cuve métallique commune non montrée et fixées à une plaque isolante 3 par les conducteurs 4 (figure 2). En outre, une barre isolante 5 fixée aux trois enveloppes identiques 2A, 2B, 2C est prévue comme renforcement mécanique.On the figure 1 is represented a part of a three-phase electrical switching station 1 comprising three identical envelopes 2A, 2B, 2C in each of which is housed a switching device according to the invention. These three identical phases are arranged in a common metallic tank not shown and fixed to an insulating plate 3 by the conductors 4 (FIG. figure 2 ). In addition, an insulating bar 5 fixed to the three identical envelopes 2A, 2B, 2C is provided as mechanical reinforcement.

Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés aux figures 1 à 5, le sectionneur de terre 20 et le sectionneur de barre 21 d'une des phases 2A sont agencés substantiellement dans un même plan et en formant un angle de 90° entre eux. Il va de soi que l'agencement relatif entre sectionneur de terre 20 et de barre 21 peut être différent et tel que les sectionneurs forment un angle compris entre 70 et 180°.In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 , the earthing switch 20 and the bar disconnector 21 of one of the phases 2A are arranged substantially in the same plane and forming an angle of 90 ° between them. It's obvious that the relative arrangement between earthing switch 20 and bar 21 may be different and such that the disconnectors form an angle between 70 and 180 °.

Les contacts mobiles 200, 210 d'une phase et les moyens d'entraînement 22 (autrement appelés moyens de transmission de force) d'une même phase sont agencés dans une même enveloppe 2A. Chaque contact mobile 200, 210 coulisse dans une ouverture 200A, 210A prévue à cet effet dans l'enveloppe 2A. Les contacts fixes 201 de sectionneurs de terre sont chacun fixés à l'intérieur de la cuve métallique commune non représentée. Les contacts fixes 211 des sectionneurs de barre sont chacun fixés à un conducteur non représenté.The movable contacts 200, 210 of a phase and the drive means 22 (otherwise called force transmission means) of the same phase are arranged in the same envelope 2A. Each movable contact 200, 210 slides in an opening 200A, 210A provided for this purpose in the envelope 2A. The fixed contacts 201 of earthing switches are each fixed inside the common metal tank not shown. The fixed contacts 211 of the bar disconnectors are each attached to a driver not shown.

Un tel agencement des contacts mobiles 200, 210 et des moyens d'entraînement 22 permet aux forces de réaction d'être supportées par la même enveloppe 2A, 2B, 2C, ce qui limite au maximum les forces de réaction provenant de l'extérieur. L'enveloppe agit comme un capotage diélectrique des éléments sous tension électrique, ce qui augmente la résistance diélectrique et réduit les décharges partielles. La cuve agit également comme un élément conducteur pour la transmission du courant de chaque conducteur vers les contacts mobiles. L'enveloppe contribue également à l'évacuation de la chaleur par conduction thermique depuis les contacts mobiles 200, 210 jusqu'à une zone les entourant.Such an arrangement of the movable contacts 200, 210 and drive means 22 allows the reaction forces to be supported by the same shell 2A, 2B, 2C, which minimizes the reaction forces from outside. The envelope acts as a dielectric shrinkage of the live parts, which increases the dielectric strength and reduces the partial discharges. The tank also acts as a conductive element for the transmission of the current of each conductor towards the moving contacts. The envelope also contributes to heat dissipation by thermal conduction from the movable contacts 200, 210 to an area surrounding them.

Dans l'ensemble des modes de réalisation illustré, les contacts mobiles 200, 210 représentés sont sous la forme de cylindre de révolution creux débouchant de part et d'autre à leur extrémité. Ils sont logés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe correspondante dans leur position d'ouverture, ce qui a pour avantage un bon comportement diélectrique. Les contacts mobiles 200, 210 sont ramenés à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe dans leur position d'ouverture.In all of the illustrated embodiments, the movable contacts 200, 210 shown are in the form of a cylinder of hollow revolution emerging on either side at their end. They are housed inside the corresponding envelope in their open position, which has the advantage of a good dielectric behavior. The movable contacts 200, 210 are brought back inside the envelope in their open position.

Les contacts fixes ou électrodes 201, 211 sont sous la forme de cylindre de révolution creux mais débouchant uniquement du côté en regard du contact mobile 200, 210 correspondant. Selon l'invention, la proximité de ou la position de fermeture d'un contact mobile d'un interrupteur donné, sectionneur de terre ou sectionneur de barre, correspond à un emboitement au moins partiel du contact mobile 200, 210 dans le contact fixe 201, 211 correspondant.The fixed contacts or electrodes 201, 211 are in the form of a cylinder of hollow revolution but opening only on the opposite side of the corresponding movable contact 200, 210. According to the invention, the proximity of or the closing position of a movable contact of a given switch, earthing switch or bar disconnector, corresponds to an at least partial engagement of the movable contact 200, 210 in the fixed contact 201 , 211 corresponding.

Chaque appareil de commutation électrique (une phase) avec son enveloppe 2A, 2B, 2C, ses contacts mobiles 200, 210 et une partie de ses moyens d'entraînement commun 22 aux contacts mobiles (levier, biellette) peut être pré-assemblée, ce qui réduit les coûts de fabrication.Each electrical switching device (a phase) with its envelope 2A, 2B, 2C, its movable contacts 200, 210 and part of its common drive means 22 to the movable contacts (lever, link) can be pre-assembled, this which reduces manufacturing costs.

Dans l'ensemble des modes de réalisation illustrés, les moyens d'entraînement communs 22 des contacts mobiles 200, 210 permettent la fermeture du sectionneur de terre 20 tout en maintenant l'ouverture du sectionneur de barre 21 et vice-versa. Le fait que les contacts mobiles 200, 210 ne se déplacent pas dans leur position d'ouverture permet d'obtenir un gain de place pour l'enveloppe 2A, 2B ou 2C.In all the illustrated embodiments, the common drive means 22 of the movable contacts 200, 210 allow the closing of the earthing switch 20 while maintaining the opening of the bar switch 21 and vice versa. The fact that the movable contacts 200, 210 do not move in their open position makes it possible to save space for the envelope 2A, 2B or 2C.

L'arbre de commande en rotation 220 est agencé à distance et orthogonalement aux axes de translation des contacts mobiles 200, 210 dans un secteur angulaire situé entre ces deux axes, par exemple faisant 90° entre eux. L'arbre 220 est porté par chaque enveloppe métallique 2A, 2B, 2C au moins à une extrémité et est commandé en rotation par un actionneur agencé à l'extérieur des enveloppes 2A, 2B et 2C.The rotational control shaft 220 is arranged at a distance and orthogonally to the translation axes of the moving contacts 200, 210 in a angular sector located between these two axes, for example making 90 ° between them. The shaft 220 is carried by each metal casing 2A, 2B, 2C at least at one end and is rotated by an actuator arranged outside the casings 2A, 2B and 2C.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 2 à 4, les moyens d'entraînement commun 22 comprennent un arbre de commande 220 sur lequel est fixée une seule came à disque 221 comprenant deux rainures 221R0, 221R1. Les moyens d'entraînement comprennent en outre deux paires de leviers 2210, 2220 et 2211, 2221. Les leviers 2210, 2220 et 2211, 2221 d'une même paire sont articulés entre eux en un point d'articulation 222. Chacun des deux leviers 2210, 2211 est en outre articulé en un point d'articulation 224 fixé à l'enveloppe métallique 2A. Chacun des leviers 2220, 2221 est en outre articulé à chaque contact mobile 200, 210 concerné en un point d'articulation 223. La liaison mécanique d'entraînement entre chaque levier 2210, 2211 fixé à l'enveloppe métallique 2A et l'une des rainures de came 221, respectivement 221R0, 221R1 est réalisée au moyen d'un ergot 2230, 2231 fixé sur ledit levier. Avantageusement, un galet est monté à rotation sur chaque ergot 2230, 2231.According to a first embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 , the common drive means 22 comprise a control shaft 220 on which is fixed a single disk cam 221 comprising two grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 . The drive means further comprises two pairs of levers 2210, 2220 and 2211, 2221. The levers 2210, 2220 and 2211, 2221 of the same pair are hinged together at a point of articulation 222. Each of the two levers 2210, 2211 is further articulated at a hinge point 224 attached to the metal shell 2A. Each of the levers 2220, 2221 is further articulated to each movable contact 200, 210 concerned at a point of articulation 223. The mechanical drive connection between each lever 2210, 2211 attached to the metal shell 2A and one of cam grooves 221, respectively 221 R0 , 221 R1 is formed by means of a lug 2230, 2231 fixed on said lever. Advantageously, a roller is rotatably mounted on each lug 2230, 2231.

L'ergot, avantageusement muni de son galet, 2230, 2231 joue donc le rôle de suiveur de la came 221.The lug, advantageously provided with its roller, 2230, 2231 therefore plays the follower role of the cam 221.

Selon l'invention, la forme géométrique, la longueur et l'agencement des deux paires de leviers 2210, 2220 et 2211, 2221 à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe métallique 2A ainsi que le profil des rainures 221R0, 221R1 de la came 221 permettent d'avoir un rapport d'entraînement supplémentaire entre la came 221 et chaque contact mobile associé 200, 210.According to the invention, the geometric shape, the length and the arrangement of the two pairs of levers 2210, 2220 and 2211, 2221 inside the metal casing 2A as well as the profile of the grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 of the cam 221 allow to have an additional drive ratio between the cam 221 and each associated movable contact 200, 210.

Autrement dit, par rapport à un mécanisme d'entrainement commun à deux interrupteurs selon l'art antérieur, dans lequel l'articulation de chaque contact mobile se fait directement à l'intérieur d'une rainure de came, comme divulgué dans le brevet CH696476 , le mécanisme d'entraînement commun selon l'invention permet d'obtenir :

  • un rapport de transmission variable et optimisé en fonction de la position des contacts mobiles par rapport à leur contact fixe associé,
  • une réduction du diamètre de la came à disque pour une course donnée des contacts mobiles. Ainsi, le mécanisme représenté aux figures 1 à 5, permet d'obtenir :
  • un rapport de transmission élevé lorsque les contacts mobiles 200, 210 sont entre les contacts fixes respectivement d'ouverture et de fermeture, soit entre les contacts fixes 200A et 201 pour le contact mobile 200 et entre les contacts fixes 210A et 211 pour le contact mobile 210,
  • un rapport de transmission faible lorsque le contact mobile 200, 210 est à proximité des interrupteurs 20, 21, c'est-à-dire lorsque le contact mobile 200, 210 est engagé au moins partiellement dans le contact fixe correspondant 201, 211,
  • un encombrement requis moindre du fait de l'agencement de l'arbre de commande 220 dans la zone angulaire délimitée par les axes de translation des contacts mobiles 200, 210.
In other words, compared to a common drive mechanism with two switches according to the prior art, wherein the articulation of each movable contact is directly inside a cam groove, as disclosed in the patent CH696476 the common drive mechanism according to the invention makes it possible to obtain:
  • a variable transmission ratio optimized according to the position of the moving contacts with respect to their associated fixed contact,
  • a reduction in the diameter of the disk cam for a given stroke of the movable contacts. Thus, the mechanism represented in Figures 1 to 5 , provides :
  • a high transmission ratio when the movable contacts 200, 210 are between the fixed contacts respectively opening and closing, or between the fixed contacts 200A and 201 for the movable contact 200 and between the fixed contacts 210A and 211 for the movable contact 210
  • a low transmission ratio when the movable contact 200, 210 is in the vicinity of the switches 20, 21, that is to say when the movable contact 200, 210 is engaged at least partially in the corresponding fixed contact 201, 211,
  • a smaller space requirement due to the arrangement of the control shaft 220 in the area angular delimited by the axes of translation of the movable contacts 200, 210.

Le couple d'entrainement à appliquer à l'arbre de commande 220 pour déplacer les contacts mobiles 200, 210 est faible.The drive torque to be applied to the drive shaft 220 to move the movable contacts 200, 210 is small.

Les mécanismes d'entrainement communs 22 selon les modes de réalisation illustrés présentent en outre l'avantage d'avoir un rapport de transmission nul ou quasi nul lorsque le contact mobile 200, 210 est complètement engagé dans le contact fixe 201, 211 correspondant. Ce rapport de transmission nul est obtenu grâce à la course du contact définie par la longueur et profil de rainure 221.The common drive mechanisms 22 according to the illustrated embodiments also have the advantage of having a zero or virtually zero transmission ratio when the movable contact 200, 210 is fully engaged in the corresponding fixed contact 201, 211. This zero transmission ratio is obtained thanks to the stroke of the contact defined by the length and groove profile 221.

Ainsi, chaque contact mobile 200, 210 est en quelque sorte auto-bloqué dans sa position de fermeture. Aucune force de réaction non désirée qui se produit, par exemple à cause de courant élevé ou de vibrations, ne peut ainsi être transmise à l'arbre de commande 220 lorsque l'un des contacts mobiles 200, 210 est dans sa position de fermeture (figures 3 et 4).Thus, each movable contact 200, 210 is somehow self-locked in its closed position. No undesired reaction force which occurs, for example due to high current or vibration, can thus be transmitted to the control shaft 220 when one of the movable contacts 200, 210 is in its closed position ( Figures 3 and 4 ).

En outre, les rainures de came 221R0, 221R1 présentent chacune une partie de profil circulaire C0, C1 dont le centre est l'axe de rotation X de l'arbre et une partie de profil R0, R1, avec une distance variable à l'axe de rotation X. A l'extrémité du profil rectiligne R0, R1 à l'opposé des parties de profil incurvé C0, C1, les rainures présentent une portion de faible longueur selon laquelle la distance à l'axe de rotation X est constante afin d'avoir un rapport de transmission nul dans la position de fermeture des contacts.In addition, the cam grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 each have a circular profile portion C0, C1 whose center is the axis of rotation X of the shaft and a profile portion R0, R1, with a variable distance to the axis of rotation X. At the end of the rectilinear profile R 0 , R 1 opposite curved profile parts C 0 , C 1 , the grooves have a portion of short length in which the distance to the axis rotation X is constant in order to have a zero transmission ratio in the closed position of the contacts.

Un des suiveurs 2230 ou 2231 est logé dans la partie rectiligne R0 ou R1 d'une rainure, tandis que l'autre des suiveurs 2231 ou 2230 est logé dans la partie circulaire C1 ou C0 de l'autre rainure afin de maintenir l'ouverture du sectionneur de terre 20 pendant la fermeture du sectionneur de barre 21 et vice-versa.One of the followers 2230 or 2231 is housed in the rectilinear portion R0 or R1 of one groove, while the other of the followers 2231 or 2230 is housed in the circular portion C1 or C0 of the other groove in order to maintain the opening of the earthing switch 20 during the closing of the bar switch 21 and vice versa.

Tel que représenté, les parties circulaires Co, C1 des rainures sont concentriques et situées sur une même portion angulaire de came à disque 221.As shown, the circular parts Co, C1 of the grooves are concentric and located on the same angular portion of disk cam 221.

Sur la figure 5, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation selon lequel une came à disque 221D, 221E est prévue par sectionneur 20 ou 21. Les deux cames à disque 221D, 221E sont ici agencées parallèlement sur l'arbre de commande en rotation 220 d'une distance sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de deux leviers 2210i, 2211i augmentée d'une espace libre permettant leur mouvement de rotation sans friction entre elles.On the figure 5 another embodiment is shown in which a disk cam 221 D , 221 E is provided by disconnector 20 or 21. The two disk cams 221 D , 221 E are here arranged in parallel on the rotational control shaft. 220 a distance substantially equal to the thickness of two levers 2210i, 2211i increased by a free space allowing their rotational movement without friction between them.

Sur cette figure 5, chaque levier 2210, 2211 à extrémité fixe 224 comprend deux pièces levier identiques 2210i, 2210j ou 2211i, 2211j agencées parallèlement l'une à l'autre de telle sorte que chaque came à disque 221D, 221E se déplace entre ces deux pièces levier parallèles entre elles.On this figure 5 , each fixed end lever 2210, 2211 224 comprises two identical lever parts 2210i, 2210j or 2211i, 2211j arranged parallel to each other so that each disk cam 221 D , 221 E moves between these two parts lever parallel to each other.

Ce mode de réalisation de la figure 5 a pour avantage essentiel de permettre une réduction du diamètre de la came à disque et une plus grande liberté dans l'agencement des rainures. Il nécessite cependant un encombrement axial selon l'arbre de commande 220 plus important que le mode de réalisation des figures 2 à 4.This embodiment of the figure 5 has the essential advantage of allowing a reduction in the diameter of the disk cam and greater freedom in the arrangement of the grooves. However, it requires an axial size according to the control shaft 220 more important than the embodiment of the Figures 2 to 4 .

Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés, les rainures 221R0, 221R1 sont réalisées débouchant de part et d'autre de la (des) came(s) à disque 221. Elles peuvent être réalisées en étant borgnes, c'est-à-dire en ne débouchant que d'un seul côté de la(s) came(s) à disque.In the illustrated embodiments, the grooves 221 R0 , 221 R1 are formed opening on either side of the disc (s) 221. They can be made by being blind, that is to say say by opening only one side of the disc (s) to disk.

Par rapport au poste GIS actuellement connus, l'invention qui vient d'être décrite permet d'obtenir les avantages suivants :

  • des dimensions compactes du poste GIS avec une faible distance entre les phases 2A, 2B et 2C,
  • un rapport de transmission pour chaque sectionneur de barre ou de terre de chaque phase 2A, 2B ou 2C qui est variable et optimisé en fonction de la position des contacts mobiles 200, 210 par rapport à leur contact fixe 201, 211 correspondant,
  • un auto-blocage des contacts mobiles 200, 210 dans leur position de fermeture,
  • un couple de transmission requis pour l'arbre de commande 220 qui peut être faible,
  • un pré-assemblage de chaque phase 2A, 2B ou 2C possible avec comme conséquence un bon comportement diélectrique (le capotage diélectrique formé étant efficace),
  • un encombrement requis moindre du fait de l'agencement de l'arbre de commande 220 dans la zone angulaire délimitée par les axes de translation des contacts mobiles 200, 210,
  • la surface de l'enveloppe 2A assiste favorablement le transfert thermique depuis les contacts jusqu'à l'encapsulation.
With respect to the currently known GIS station, the invention which has just been described makes it possible to obtain the following advantages:
  • compact dimensions of the GIS station with a small distance between the phases 2A, 2B and 2C,
  • a transmission ratio for each bar or earth disconnector of each phase 2A, 2B or 2C which is variable and optimized according to the position of the movable contacts 200, 210 relative to their corresponding fixed contact 201, 211,
  • a self-locking of the movable contacts 200, 210 in their closed position,
  • a transmission torque required for the control shaft 220 which can be low,
  • a pre-assembly of each phase 2A, 2B or 2C possible with consequently a good dielectric behavior (the formed dielectric cover being effective),
  • a smaller space requirement due to the arrangement of the control shaft 220 in the angular zone delimited by the translation axes of the movable contacts 200, 210,
  • the surface of the envelope 2A favorably supports the heat transfer from the contacts to the encapsulation.

Pour optimiser le refroidissement de l'appareil, il est avantageux de prévoir des contacts mobiles de forme tubulaire creuse. Grâce à une telle forme, le gaz isolant peut entrer à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe par une ouverture dans le fond de l'enveloppe, puis passe ainsi le long des contacts et sort par l'intérieur des contacts tubulaire par le dessus (effet de refroidissement par cheminée).To optimize the cooling of the apparatus, it is advantageous to provide movable contacts of hollow tubular form. Thanks to such a shape, the insulating gas can enter inside the casing through an opening in the bottom of the casing, then pass along the contacts and out through the inside of the tubular contacts from above ( chimney cooling effect).

Claims (12)

  1. A control mechanism for a high or medium voltage switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) that comprises at least two interrupters, each of which has a pair of contacts that consist of a stationary contact (201; 211) and a contact (200; 210) movable in straight line motion for separation of the contacts from each other in a switching operation, wherein the control mechanism comprises:
    - common actuator means (22) for actuating the movable contacts and arranged to permit closing of one of the interrupters while keeping the other interrupter open and vice versa, the common actuator means (22) comprising:
    • a rotary control shaft (220) disposed at right angles to the axes of the straight line motion of the movable contacts; and
    • at least one disk cam (221) fastened to the control shaft, characterized in that said cam has two distinct internal cam grooves (221R0, 221R1); wherein the control mechanism comprising:
    - two pairs of levers (2210, 2220; 2211, 2221) hinged together, one of the levers (2210; 2211) of a given pair being a fixed-end lever in that it has one end hinged at a fixed point (224), its other end (222) being hinged to the other lever (2220; 2221) of said given pair, said other lever being itself hinged to one of the movable contacts (200, 210), with a spigot (2230, 2231) being disposed between the two said ends (222, 224) of each fixed end lever, said spigot being engaged in one of the cam grooves so as to constitute a follower; the geometry, length, and disposition of said two pairs of levers of the mechanism, and the profiles of the cam grooves, being such as to afford an additional drive ratio between the disk cam or cams and each associated movable contact.
  2. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to claim 1, wherein each said cam groove consists of a circular first portion (C0, C1) the circular profile of which has a center coincident with the axis of rotation (X) of the control shaft, together with a second portion having a profile of varying distance (R0, R1 from the axis of rotation (X) of the control shaft, one of said followers (2230 or 2231) being engaged in said second portion of a cam groove, while the other follower (2231 or 2230) is engaged in said circular first portion (C1, C0 of the other groove, so as to keep one of the interrupters (21) open while the other interrupter (20) is being closed and vice versa (i.e. with 20 open and 21 closed), and so as also to avoid any reaction force on the control shaft (220) from a movable contact (200, 201) in its closed position.
  3. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the axis of rotation of the control shaft (220) and the disk cam (221) are disposed in the smallest angular zone defined by the axes of the straight line motion of the contacts (200, 210).
  4. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to any preceding claim, wherein each said lever (2210, 2211) of a given pair in which one end of that lever is hinged at a fixed pivot point (224), its other end (222) being coupled to a said movable contact (200, 210), is arranged between the control shaft (220) and the axis of the straight line motion of the movable contact (200, 210) with which it is not coupled.
  5. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a roller is mounted for rotation on said spigot (2230; 2231).
  6. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to claim 2, wherein the circular portions (C0, C1 of the cam grooves are concentric with each other and situated on a common angular disk cam portion.
  7. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to any preceding claim, having one said disk cam per interrupter, the two disk cams (221D, 221E) being arranged parallel to each other on the rotary control shaft (220), and being spaced apart by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of two said levers (2210i, 2211i).
  8. A control mechanism for a switch apparatus (2A, 2B, 2C) according to claim 7, wherein each said fixed-end lever consists of two identical members (2210i, 2210j or 2211i, 2211j) arranged parallel to each other in such a way that each disk cam is displaceable between two said members that are parallel to each other.
  9. A medium or high voltage gas insulated switch (GIS) having, at least for one phase, a switch apparatus including a casing (2A, 2B, 2C) in which are mounted, at least partially, movable contacts (200, 210) of two interrupters, such as a busbar disconnected (21) and a grounding disconnector (20), and a control mechanism according to any preceding claim.
  10. A gas insulated switch (GIS) according to claim 9, wherein the movable contacts (200, 210) are of hollow tubular form in order to improve the cooling of each said apparatus during a switching operation.
  11. A gas insulated switch (GIS) according to claim 9 or claim 10, having, for each of the three phases (2A, 2B, 2C) a switch apparatus including a casing (2A, 2B, 2C) in which are mounted, at least partially, movable contacts (200, 210) of two interrupters, such as a busbar disconnector (21) and a grounding disconnected (20), and with a control shaft of the control mechanism made in one piece, that is coupled to an actuator and that couples the three casings together.
  12. A gas insulated switch (GIS) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, having, for each of the three phases (2A, 2B, 2C) a switch apparatus including a casing (2A, 2B, 2C) in which are mounted, at least partially, movable contacts (200, 210) of two interrupters, such as a busbar disconnector and a grounding disconnector, and with a control shaft of the control mechanism in three separate parts, one said part being coupled to an actuator, and each of the other two parts (220A, 220B) coupling together two adjacent casings (2A, 2B).
EP09172743A 2008-10-14 2009-10-12 High- or medium-voltage electrical switching apparatus with two switches comprising driving means shared with the mobile contacts of the switches Active EP2178099B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0856946A FR2937176B1 (en) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 ELECTRIC SWITCHING APPARATUS FOR HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE OF TWO SWITCHES COMPRISING DRIVING MEANS COMMON TO THE MOBILE CONTACTS OF THE SWITCHES.

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EP2178099A1 EP2178099A1 (en) 2010-04-21
EP2178099B1 true EP2178099B1 (en) 2011-10-05

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EP (1) EP2178099B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101728096B (en)
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US8173927B2 (en) 2012-05-08
CN101728096A (en) 2010-06-09
FR2937176A1 (en) 2010-04-16
FR2937176B1 (en) 2010-12-03
CN101728096B (en) 2014-05-14
EP2178099A1 (en) 2010-04-21
ATE527675T1 (en) 2011-10-15
US20100089875A1 (en) 2010-04-15

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