EP1570116A2 - Materiau composite constitue par une matrice metallique et du talc. - Google Patents
Materiau composite constitue par une matrice metallique et du talc.Info
- Publication number
- EP1570116A2 EP1570116A2 EP03815090A EP03815090A EP1570116A2 EP 1570116 A2 EP1570116 A2 EP 1570116A2 EP 03815090 A EP03815090 A EP 03815090A EP 03815090 A EP03815090 A EP 03815090A EP 1570116 A2 EP1570116 A2 EP 1570116A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- talc
- composite material
- talc particles
- coating
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012710 chemistry, manufacturing and control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012688 phosphorus precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000190 proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical group OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910007567 Zn-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007614 Zn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000192 extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 zinc chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
- C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31703—Next to cellulosic
Definitions
- Composite material consisting of a metallic matrix and talc
- the invention relates to a composite material, its use as a lubricating metallic coating, and a process for its preparation.
- a so-called “electroless” codeposition process on a substrate is a process consisting in incorporating particles during the process of growth of a metal or an alloy by catalyzed redox.
- An electrochemical codeposition process consists in incorporating particles during the growth process of a metal or an alloy on a substrate to be coated, from an electrolyte in an electrolysis cell.
- a lubricating coating of PTFE in a metallic matrix based on nickel by an "electroless” process from a suspension of PTFE in a solution of nickel precursor is known by X.
- NiP-B 4 C lubricant coatings can also be deposited [Cf. JP Ge, et al., Plating and surface finishing, October 1998].
- Ni-BN h coatings are described by M.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a material which has the hardness and wear resistance properties conventionally required for mechanical parts in contact and in displacement with respect to each other in a mechanical assembly, and stable lubricating properties at high temperatures, for example of the order of 800 ° C. This is why the present invention relates to a composite material, its use as a self-lubricating coating of a substrate, as well as a process for its preparation.
- the composite material according to the invention consists of a metal matrix within which are distributed talc particles in sheets,. It is characterized in that the talc particles carry on their surface a compound derived from cellulose, fixed by replacement of all or part of the hydroxyl groups.
- the metal matrix can be constituted by a metal chosen from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, W, Mo, Zn, Au, Ag, Pb, Sn, by an intermetallic compound or an alloy of several metals chosen from aforementioned metals, or by an alloy of one or more of said metals with a metalloid.
- Composite materials whose matrix is nickel, a metal alloy of nickel with other metals, or a nickel alloy with a metalloid (for example NiP) are particularly interesting.
- Unmodified talc is a magnesium silicate corresponding to the formula Mg 3 Si 4 O ⁇ 0 (OH) 2 which is part of the family of phyllosilicates and is in the form of a stack of sheets. The elementary sheet has a thickness of 0.9 nm. It loses its water of constitution around 800 ° C and decomposes around 950 ° C. The properties it gives to a composite material are therefore stable up to 950 ° C.
- the presence of modified talc particles in the composite material according to the invention can be determined using various analysis techniques. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show that the talc treated has on the surface groups derived from celulose of micrometric size. The analyzes by electron microscopy with scanning by dispersion of energy of X photons (SEM-EDX) after metallization by Au, by low voltage SEM, or by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) give quantities of C, which show the presence of an organic compound on the surface.
- SEM-EDX dispersion of energy of X photons
- ESA electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
- X-ray diffraction confirms the existence of cellulose derivatives on the surface of the talc particles, the spot size and the size of the groups of cellulose derivatives on the talc being substantially identical.
- the Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry in diffuse reflectance shows the presence of vibration bands specific to talc as well as vibration bands specific to the groups linked to the carbon of the cellulose derivative, the positions of the respective vibration bands being different.
- RAMAN point laser
- the coating of talc particles with a cellulose derivative in the composite material of the invention can also be demonstrated by the icro-PIXE technique (particle-induced X-ray emission) which allows a chemical analysis of the micrometer order, and by the EXAFS technique (X-ray absorption by the fine structure) which allows the determination of the ligands of the probed atom and the inter-atomic distances around the ligand up to 6 nm.
- icro-PIXE technique particle-induced X-ray emission
- EXAFS technique X-ray absorption by the fine structure
- talc which is a relatively soft material, into the metallic matrix, does not modify the hardness and abrasion resistance properties inherent in the material constituting said matrix.
- the composite material according to the invention can advantageously be used as a coating on a substrate.
- a coating consisting of a composite material according to the invention can be deposited electrolytically on the substrate to be treated.
- the method of depositing on a substrate a coating consisting of the composite material according to the invention consists in carrying out an electrolytic deposition using a solution of precursors of the metal matrix of the coating. It is characterized in that the precursor solution also contains talc particles in suspension, said talc particles having been previously modified on the surface by irreversible adsorption of a cellulose derivative compound by replacement of all or part of the hydroxyl groups .
- the deposition process is implemented chemically, by bringing the surface of the substrate to be coated into contact with the solution containing the precursors of the metal matrix, the modified talc particles, as well as a compound acting as a catalyst for the oxidation-reduction of the precursors of the metallic matrix of the coating.
- the deposition process is carried out electrochemically in an electrochemical cell in which said substrate to be coated constitutes the cathode and the electrolyte is a solution of precursors of the metallic matrix of the coating further containing the modified talc particles.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- guar a compound derived from cellulose
- CMC is a cellulose ether resulting from the reaction of alkali cellulose and sodium monoacetate. Part of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are replaced by sodium carboxymethyl groups (-CH 2 COONa).
- -CH 2 COONa sodium carboxymethyl groups
- CMC may have different degrees of substitution.
- the degree of substitution DS is 3 in theory. In practice, the DS is much lower than 3.
- the commercial CMCs have DS ranging from 0.6 to 0.95.
- the dissolution of CMC in water causes ionization of the carboxymethylcellulose groups, which gives the CMC macromolecule a negative charge.
- an aqueous solution contains a weakly substituted, more hydrophobic CMC, it has a thixotropic nature.
- an aqueous solution contains a highly substituted CMC, it has a pseudoplastic character.
- the viscosity of the aqueous medium in which the CMC is dissolved depends on the length of the CMC macromolecule, that is to say on the number of units of anhydroglucose and on the critical micellar concentration.
- Commercial CMCs cover a fairly wide viscosity range (10 to 9000 mPa.s) depending on the chain length and the concentration.
- a guar is a cellulosic compound in which certain hydroxyl groups (-OH) of a cellulosic cycle are substituted by hydroxyglucose groups. In this case the possibility of substitution on a given chain length is much lower than in the case of CMC. The degrees of substitution of the guar are close to 0.1.
- the formula for the guar recurring unit is shown below.
- the process for treating talc particles with the cellulose-derived compound (CDC) comprises the following steps:
- the inventors have finally found that the preliminary modification of the talc particles using a a cellulosic compound in which at least part of the OH groups are substituted made it possible to remedy these problems.
- the talc particles preferably have an average size of less than 15 ⁇ m.
- the metal matrix precursors are chosen from ionic compounds, complexed or not, reducible in solution by chemical means or by the addition of electrons.
- salts such as chlorides, sulfates, sulfamates, as well as complexes such as citrates and acetates.
- the precursor solution also contains one or more compounds making it possible to adjust the pH to the desired value, as well as the particles of modified talc.
- the electrolyte is a solution containing at least one nickel salt chosen from nickel sulphate and nickel chloride, a pH regulating agent and a support electrolyte.
- a particularly preferred pH regulator is boric acid; at pH 4.5, it forms a complex with nickel, releasing an H + and thus balances the reduction of H + ions at the cathode.
- a support electrolyte mention may, for example, be made of sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium bromide.
- an electrolyte containing at least one nickel salt chosen from nickel sulfate and chloride may be used, a pH-regulating agent, a phosphorus precursor and a support electrolyte.
- H 3 PO 3 is advantageously chosen as a phosphorus precursor.
- the pH regulator can be chosen from H 3 PO 4 and H 3 BO 3 , H 3 PO 4 being particularly preferred.
- a support electrolyte mention may, for example, be made of sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium bromide.
- a coating comprising a zinc-nickel matrix When a coating comprising a zinc-nickel matrix is deposited electrochemically, basic or acidic electrolytes containing at least one can be used.
- nickel salt chosen from nickel sulfate and chloride, at least one zinc oxide or a zinc salt such as zinc chloride, a complexing agent of the amine type, and a support electrolyte such as for example KC1.
- the process is carried out under the usual conditions of electrochemical deposition. The duration of the electrolysis depends in particular on the thickness desired for the coating.
- the temperature in the electrochemical cell is advantageously between 0 ° C and 90 ° C and the current density applied to the cell is between 0.1 and 10 A. dm -2 .
- An electrochemical cell is preferably used in which the anode is of the soluble anode type, constituted by the metal to be deposited.
- the substrate may consist of an intrinsically conductive material (for example a metal or an alloy) used in the solid state or in the form of a coating on any support.
- the substrate can also consist of an insulating or semiconducting material (for example a polymer or a ceramic), the surface to be treated has been made conductive by a preliminary metallization step.
- the mechanical properties of the composite coatings have been tested with a pawn-disc tribometer in which the pawn (which constitutes the opposing body) is a 100C6 steel ball which has a hardness of 1000 Hv.
- the pawn which constitutes the opposing body
- the adhesion of nickel to steel is manifested by a high coefficient of friction and a high rate of wear of the steel ball.
- the disc used is made of a nickel-talc composite material according to the invention, the coefficient of friction and the rate of wear are greatly reduced.
- Example 1 The present invention is described in more detail by the following examples, to which it is not however limited.
- Example 1 The present invention is described in more detail by the following examples, to which it is not however limited.
- Talc particles modified were prepared using 3 samples of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the characteristics of which (degree of substitution which causes the charge, and viscosity which depends on the chain length) are given in the table below. below.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- the treatment was carried out under the following conditions: preparation of an aqueous mother solution of CMC at 50 g / 1 preparation of a paste by dispersing 100 g of talc in 100 ml of a solution obtained by addition of 5 g of CMC with demineralized water, and homogenization by mechanical stirring for 15 min complete evaporation of the aqueous phase of the dough in an oven at 80 ° C until a dehydrated solid is obtained - deagglomeration of the dehydrated solid in order to obtain treated talc particles with a particle size identical to that of the initial powder.
- first cycle comprising washing with demineralized water, centrifugation to separate the talc particles, evaporation of the water in an oven at 80 ° C. and deagglomeration 6.
- second washing / centrifugation / evaporation / deagglomeration cycle under the same conditions
- Example 2 Nickel / talc composite coating.
- the coating was prepared in an electrochemical cell consisting of a 4 cm 2 nickel anode and a 1.762 cm 2 copper cathode on which the deposition is carried out.
- the electrochemical cell contains an electrolyte having a pH of 4.5 and the following composition:
- the deposition is carried out by maintaining the electrolyte at a temperature of 55 ° C. under a current density of 2.5 A. dm "2 , for a duration of 1.5 hours.
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- Qualitative chemical analysis by EDX of the surface of the composite coating reveals the characteristic peaks of the carbon present on the particles.
- An analysis by infrared spectrometry in diffuse reflection highlights the vibration bands of the cellulosic groupings of the CMC and the bands specific to talc.
- the deposition is carried out by maintaining the electrolyte at a temperature of 80 ° C., for a period of 45 min.
- the SEM analysis of the coating obtained shows the presence of talc sheets incorporated into the metallic matrix, the qualitative chemical analysis by EDX of the surface of the composite coating appear the characteristic peaks of the carbon present on the particles.
- the presence of the latter in the form of cellulosic groups characteristic of CMC is confirmed by analysis by infrared spectrometry in diffuse reflection.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0215507 | 2002-12-09 | ||
| FR0215507A FR2848219B1 (fr) | 2002-12-09 | 2002-12-09 | Materiau composite utilisable comme revetement lubrifiant |
| PCT/FR2003/003625 WO2004063428A2 (fr) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-08 | Materiau composite constitue par une matrice metallique et du talc. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1570116A2 true EP1570116A2 (fr) | 2005-09-07 |
| EP1570116B1 EP1570116B1 (fr) | 2008-04-30 |
Family
ID=32320092
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03815090A Expired - Lifetime EP1570116B1 (fr) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-08 | Materiau composite constitue par une matrice metallique et du talc. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7659008B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1570116B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE393844T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003296779A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0316854A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2507456C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60320673D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2848219B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004063428A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6676718B2 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2004-01-13 | Rodel Holdings, Inc. | Polishing of semiconductor substrates |
| CN100445430C (zh) * | 2004-12-03 | 2008-12-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种耐氯离子腐蚀的Ni-Cr纳米复合镀层的应用 |
| FR2925529B1 (fr) | 2007-12-19 | 2010-01-22 | Luzenac Europ Sas | Materiau composite constitue par une matrice metallique dans laquelle sont reparties des nanoparticules phyllosilicatees lamellaires synthetiques |
| CN104109895B (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-09-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种在钢表面形成高耐蚀性镍与铬复合镀层的方法 |
| CN104726908A (zh) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 西南石油大学 | 一种镍钨云母复合镀液、镀膜及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL267501A (fr) * | 1960-07-26 | |||
| US3591350A (en) * | 1968-06-17 | 1971-07-06 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Novel plating process |
| FR2674515B1 (fr) * | 1991-03-29 | 1993-09-03 | Talc Luzenac | Substances talqueuses presentant des proprietes specifiques de surface et procedes de fabrication. |
| US6565646B1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-20 | Luzenac America, Inc. | Talc composition and use in paper products |
-
2002
- 2002-12-09 FR FR0215507A patent/FR2848219B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-12-08 AU AU2003296779A patent/AU2003296779A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-08 EP EP03815090A patent/EP1570116B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-08 WO PCT/FR2003/003625 patent/WO2004063428A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-08 CA CA 2507456 patent/CA2507456C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-08 US US10/537,827 patent/US7659008B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-08 AT AT03815090T patent/ATE393844T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-08 DE DE60320673T patent/DE60320673D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-08 BR BR0316854A patent/BR0316854A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004063428A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004063428A3 (fr) | 2004-10-14 |
| BR0316854A (pt) | 2005-10-18 |
| EP1570116B1 (fr) | 2008-04-30 |
| WO2004063428A2 (fr) | 2004-07-29 |
| FR2848219B1 (fr) | 2006-12-01 |
| ATE393844T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| FR2848219A1 (fr) | 2004-06-11 |
| CA2507456A1 (fr) | 2004-07-29 |
| DE60320673D1 (de) | 2008-06-12 |
| AU2003296779A1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
| US7659008B2 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
| US20060162655A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| CA2507456C (fr) | 2011-11-22 |
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