EP1566429A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von organischem Material - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von organischem Material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1566429A1
EP1566429A1 EP05075254A EP05075254A EP1566429A1 EP 1566429 A1 EP1566429 A1 EP 1566429A1 EP 05075254 A EP05075254 A EP 05075254A EP 05075254 A EP05075254 A EP 05075254A EP 1566429 A1 EP1566429 A1 EP 1566429A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
organic material
particles
mentioned
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05075254A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marinus Gerardus Eugène van Stijn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BIO OLIE BELGIE, BESLOTEN VENNOOTSCHAP MET BEPERKT
Original Assignee
Bio Olie Belgie BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bio Olie Belgie BV filed Critical Bio Olie Belgie BV
Publication of EP1566429A1 publication Critical patent/EP1566429A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method for gasifying organic material, more particularly for gasifying organic material in a liquid or solid state, such as for example heavy fuel oil, vegetable oils, glycerol, bitumen, but also wood, straw, plastic and the like.
  • a disadvantage of such a known method for gasifying organic material is that the obtained gas leaves the device at a high gas temperature, such that a large part of the heat energy from the device is lost, so that relatively much new energy always has to be supplied into the device in order to maintain a sufficiently high temperature.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the above-mentioned and other disadvantages.
  • the invention concerns a method' for gasifying organic material in a reactor in which particles are provided, made of a material having a large thermal capacity, whereby this method consists of gasifying the organic material by means of heating in a gasification chamber in the reactor; of letting a gas flow through the reactor, from an inlet to an outlet; of letting the particles circulate through the reactor, in counterflow with the above-mentioned gas; and of collecting the gasified organic material at the above-mentioned outlet.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that, by letting a heat-carrying material circulate through the reactor, a large part of the heat in the gasified organic material can be given to the heat-carrying material, before the gasified organic material leaves the reactor, as a result of which this heat stays in the reactor and as a result of which, as a consequence, less energy will have to be consumed in order to maintain the temperature in the reactor at level.
  • the present invention also concerns a device which can be applied for gasifying organic material and which mainly consists of a reactor with an inlet for gas and an outlet for the gasified organic material, which reactor is filled with particles made of a material having a large thermal capacity, whereby the reactor is equipped with a circulation circuit for the above-mentioned particles, in counterflow in relation to the above-mentioned gas, more particularly in the direction of the above-mentioned outlet to the inlet and whereby, between the inlet and the outlet, a gasification chamber is provided in the reactor.
  • Figures 1 and 2 represent a device 1 according to the invention which mainly consists of a reactor 2.
  • Said reactor 2 in this case consists of a vertical housing 3 which is formed of a cylindrical jacket 4 sealed on both ends, preferably in an air-tight manner, by a bottom 5 on the one hand and a cover plate 6 on the other hand.
  • the reactor is provided with an inlet 7 and an outlet 8, which are each formed of a pipe, 9 and 10 respectively, which are each connected to the reactor 2 at an opposite far end of the device 1 through openings 11-12 in the housing 3 of the reactor 2.
  • a compartment 13 is provided in the reactor 2 which is limited by a side wall 14 which partly coincides with the jacket 4 of the reactor 2, more particularly at the place of the inlet 7 itself and through a plate 15 with perforations 16, which plate 15 rests on the above-mentioned side wall 14.
  • a gasification chamber 17 which is limited by a vertical side wall 18 which partly coincides with the above-mentioned housing 3, whereby a passage 19 is provided in the housing 3 through which an injection pipe 20 opens in the gasification chamber 17.
  • the gasification chamber 17 is limited at the top side by a second plate 21 with perforations 22.
  • a pipe 23 which is connected via two openings 24-25 on both its far ends to the bottom side and the top side of the reactor 2 respectively.
  • the reactor 2 according to the invention is filled with particles 26 of a material which is preferably heat-resistant and has a high thermal capacity, such as ceramics, gravel, aluminium oxide or the like, whereby the dimensions of the particles 26 are at least somewhat larger than the cross section of the above-mentioned perforations 16 and 22, and whereby the particles 26 may have any shape whatsoever.
  • a material which is preferably heat-resistant and has a high thermal capacity, such as ceramics, gravel, aluminium oxide or the like, whereby the dimensions of the particles 26 are at least somewhat larger than the cross section of the above-mentioned perforations 16 and 22, and whereby the particles 26 may have any shape whatsoever.
  • a means of transport 27 which is schematically represented by means of a dashed line in figure 1, which makes it possible to move the above-mentioned particles 26 through the above-mentioned pipe 23 from the lower opening 24 to the top opening 25, in order to form a circulation circuit whereby the particles 26 are continuously circulated through the reactor 2.
  • a means of transport 27 can be used known means, such as for example a bucket elevator, a conveyor belt or the like, whereby the means of transport 27 for the drive is provided with a motor 28.
  • a method according to the invention for gasifying organic material 29 is simple and as follows.
  • the organic material 29 to be gasified is provided in the gasification chamber 17 via the injection pipe 20.
  • the temperature is for example 1570° Kelvin (K), whereby the organic material to be gasified is cracked in order to form gases.
  • the formed gases ascend through the perforations 22 in the above-mentioned second plate 21 and subsequently between the particles 26 in the reactor 2 towards the outlet 8.
  • the organic material 29 to be gasified is partially burnt; to this end, oxygen is provided in the reactor 2 in the shape of air, vapour or the like.
  • the air or the like is supplied in this case at ambient temperature, at the bottom of the reactor 2 via the inlet 7, and ascends in the reactor 2 to the gasification chamber 17, where the oxygen is consumed to partially burn the organic material 29.
  • the particles 26 When heating up the air or the like, the particles 26 will preferably give the thermal energy, which was stored above the gasification chamber 17, entirely to the air, after which the particles 26 can be carried up to the top of the reactor 2, where they are heated again by the gasified organic material.
  • Figure 3 is a curve I which represents the above-mentioned stationary temperature profile in the reactor 2, whereby the point A represents the temperature at the inlet 7; point B represents the temperature at the gasification chamber 17; and point C represents the temperature at the outlet 8 of the reactor 2.
  • the lower part of the curve I shows how the temperature in the reactor 2 rises from the inlet 7 to the gasification chamber 17, which corresponds to the heating of the air or the like.
  • the top part of the curve I shows how the temperature in the reactor 2 drops from the gasification chamber 17 towards the outlet 8, which corresponds to the absorption of the thermal energy from the formed gas by the particles 26.
  • the difference between the temperature in position A and the temperature in position C, indicated by AX, is a measure for the loss of thermal energy in the reactor 2, to the exception of heat losses via the housing 3 of the reactor 2 or via the pipe 23, which loss AX, when applying a method according to the invention, is smaller than when applying a known method for gasifying organic material.
  • a catalyst to the particles 26 which makes it possibly to crack certain organic bonds, such as tar, ammonia or the like, in a catalytic manner.
  • examples of such catalysts are dolomite or limestone in what is called a calcined form, nickeliferous or ferriferous catalysts and charcoal.
  • An advantage of such catalysts is that, in the gasified organic material at the outlet 8 of the reactor 2, the amount of for example ammonia can be restricted, as a result of which the gasified organic material can be used in a combustion engine without giving rise to the formation of for example large amounts of nitrogen oxides which are formed during the combustion of ammonia and which are harmful to mankind and the environment.
  • the used capture material should in that case be regularly removed from the particles 26 and be replaced by new or regenerated capture material, since it becomes saturated with sulphur or chlorine after a while and thus loses its operating function.
  • the above-described device according to the invention can also be made with several gasification chambers 17, which are either or not provided with a separate inlet 7 for oxygen and/or with a separate recirculation circuit.
  • the orientation of the reactor 2 can be altered. It must not necessarily be positioned vertically, but it can also be placed slantingly or even horizontally, whereby extra facilities will have to be provided in the latter case in order to obtain a good flow of air, gas and particles.
  • the temperature in the reactor 2 must not necessarily be maintained by a partial combustion of the organic material to be gasified.
  • heat can be generated in an electric manner by means of for example induction, or in a physical manner, by means of for example friction.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or the like, in order to avoid a partial combustion of the organic material to be gasified.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP05075254A 2004-02-11 2005-02-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von organischem Material Withdrawn EP1566429A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2004/0081A BE1015904A3 (nl) 2004-02-11 2004-02-11 Werkwijze voor het vergassen van organisch materiaal en inrichting daarbij toegepast.
BE200400081 2004-02-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1566429A1 true EP1566429A1 (de) 2005-08-24

Family

ID=34705596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05075254A Withdrawn EP1566429A1 (de) 2004-02-11 2005-02-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von organischem Material

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20050172558A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1566429A1 (de)
BE (1) BE1015904A3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1961698A3 (de) * 2007-02-20 2008-10-01 Uee-Enviroconsult S.L. Verfahren zur Vergasung von Glycerin

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7942943B2 (en) * 2007-06-15 2011-05-17 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Biomass gasifier system with low energy and maintenance requirements

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602019A (en) * 1947-08-23 1952-07-01 William W Odell Process for promoting endothermic reactions at elevated temperatures
US4157245A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-06-05 Chevron Research Company Countercurrent plug-like flow of two solids
US5306481A (en) * 1989-02-14 1994-04-26 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Indirectly heated thermochemical reactor apparatus and processes
WO1997032945A1 (de) * 1996-03-07 1997-09-12 Sevar Entsorgungsanlagen Gmbh Gleichstrom-festbettvergasungsreaktor und dessen verwendung

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4519810A (en) * 1983-06-17 1985-05-28 Chevron Research Company Circulation loop for carrying out two-stage reactions
HU9201539D0 (en) * 1990-09-11 1992-08-28 Kortec Ag Method and device for gasifying gasifiable materials and/or transforming gas as well as heat exchanger of high temperature for executing said method
US5922090A (en) * 1994-03-10 1999-07-13 Ebara Corporation Method and apparatus for treating wastes by gasification
US6112677A (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-09-05 Sevar Entsorgungsanlagen Gmbh Down-draft fixed bed gasifier system and use thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602019A (en) * 1947-08-23 1952-07-01 William W Odell Process for promoting endothermic reactions at elevated temperatures
US4157245A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-06-05 Chevron Research Company Countercurrent plug-like flow of two solids
US5306481A (en) * 1989-02-14 1994-04-26 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Indirectly heated thermochemical reactor apparatus and processes
WO1997032945A1 (de) * 1996-03-07 1997-09-12 Sevar Entsorgungsanlagen Gmbh Gleichstrom-festbettvergasungsreaktor und dessen verwendung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1961698A3 (de) * 2007-02-20 2008-10-01 Uee-Enviroconsult S.L. Verfahren zur Vergasung von Glycerin
ES2319026A1 (es) * 2007-02-20 2009-05-01 Uee-Enviroconsult, S.L. Procedimiento de gasificacion de glicerina.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE1015904A3 (nl) 2005-11-08
US20050172558A1 (en) 2005-08-11

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