EP1565461A2 - Antibakteriell wirksame substituierte cyanomethyl(en)-piperidinophenyl-oxazolidinone, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und sie enthaltende pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen - Google Patents

Antibakteriell wirksame substituierte cyanomethyl(en)-piperidinophenyl-oxazolidinone, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und sie enthaltende pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen

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Publication number
EP1565461A2
EP1565461A2 EP03753912A EP03753912A EP1565461A2 EP 1565461 A2 EP1565461 A2 EP 1565461A2 EP 03753912 A EP03753912 A EP 03753912A EP 03753912 A EP03753912 A EP 03753912A EP 1565461 A2 EP1565461 A2 EP 1565461A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxo
oxazolidin
ylmethyl
fluorophenyl
piperidin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03753912A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mahesh V. Patel
Prasad K Deshpande
Milind D. Sindkhedkar
Shrikant Vinayak Gupte
Yati Chugh
Nitin Shetty
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Wockhardt Ltd
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1565461A2 publication Critical patent/EP1565461A2/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of cyano-(substituted) methylenepiperidinophenyl oxazolidinones having antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While not being bound to any theory, it is thought that the antibacterial activity is based on the their ability to inhibit bacterial ribonucleoprotein through differential binding at single/multiple ribonucleoprotein sites.
  • the invention also relates to processes for making the compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and to methods of using the compounds including treating bacterial infections with the compounds.
  • Oxazolidinones represent a novel chemical class of synthetic antimicrobial agents. Following a chequered historical development since about the early-1980s, a watershed event took place with the clinical ' development and release for medical use in the late 2000s of the first representative, Linezolid, of this class 1 ' 2
  • This advance enabled the profiling of the unique properties of the members of this class, which is that they display activity against important Gram-positive human and veterinary pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and ⁇ -lactam resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP).
  • MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • VRE vancomycin resistant enterococci
  • PRSP ⁇ -lactam resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • the oxazolidinones also show activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacteria and Gram- positive and Gram-negative anaerobes .
  • oxazolidinones have also surfaced. They are inactive against Enterobacteriaceae 4 . They are generally bacteriostatic and do not display activity at a useful level against aerobic fastidious Gram-negative pathogens, as well as Gram-negative anaerobes. Moreover their potency for atypical respiratory pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis, Ureaplasma Urealyticium and Chlamydia species is of a borderline range which could result into unacceptable clinical efficacy for the treatment of respiratory tract infections 3 .
  • Linezolid is shown to have two targets in cells for its inhibitory effects. It binds to the 50S subunit within domain V of the 23S or RNA peptidyl fransferase center near the interface with the 30S subunit, thereby blocking the formation of the tMet-tRNA-ribosome-mRNA ternary complex. In addition, linezolid associates with the nascent 50S particle and stops the assembly process 7 .
  • oxazolidinones are bacteriostatic, as indeed are most other agents that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, there is a strong likelihood that resistance can emerge under selective pressure during therapy, specially for infections which require a bactericidal therapy to be used.
  • the significant concern related to this class of antibacterials is attributed to this essentially bacteriostatic effect against their prime target pathogens such as staphylococci, enterococci and pneumococci. It is pertinent to quote from the Adis R&D insight report (Document 013296 dated December 27, 2001) that an oxazolidinone AZD 2563 under clinical development is described to be "ineffective against linezolid-resistant S. pneumoniae".
  • the present invention describes a novel series of oxazolidinones which display increased potency, and incorporate bactericidal activity, in contrast to the earlier-described bacteriostatic activity, against Linezolid-sensitive/-resistant strains, thus indicating a differential binding at the conventional site/s of the ribonucleoprotein and/or targeting multiple such receptor sites.
  • a study of literature-described oxazolidinones and the novel compounds of the present invention has enabled the identification of newer / additional structural motifs of the oxazolidinone class, novel and non-obvious from the prior art, which support the activity against the Linezolid-sensitive/-resistant pathogens.
  • oxazolidinones displaying such bactericidal activity or useful activity against Linezolid-sensitive/-resistant or other oxazolidinone-resistant microbial pathogens.
  • WO96/13502 dated May 9, 1996 discloses phenyloxazolidinones having a multisubstituted azetidinyl or pyrrolidinyl moiety.
  • WO 99/24428 dated May 20, 1999 discloses diazepenophenyloxazolidinone derivatives.
  • WOO 1/44212 dated June 21, 2001 discloses benzoic acid esters of oxazolidinones having a hydroxyacetylpiperazine substituent.
  • WO 02/06278 dated Jan 24, 2002 discloses substituted aminopiperidino phenyloxazolidinone derivatives.
  • WO 00/21960 dated April 20, 2000 discloses heterocyclicphenyl oxazolidinones having the heterocycle linked through a carbon atom to the phenyl moiety.
  • WO 95/07271 U.S. Patent 5,688,792 dated Nov. 18, 1997) discloses oxazolidinones containing mo ⁇ holine and tliiomorpholine.
  • U.S. Patent 5,977,373 dated Nov. 2, 1999 discloses thiadiazolyl and oxadiazolyl phenyloxazolidinones.
  • U.S. Patent 5,910,504 dated June 8, 1999 discloses heteroaromatic ring substituted phenyloxazolidinones.
  • WO 01/58885A1 dated August 16, 2001 discloses oxazolidinone thioamides with piperazine amide substituents.
  • the compounds of the present invention are novel, none of them having being previously reported in the literature. They are non-obvious over the compounds in the prior art by virtue of their being bactericidal, in contrast to the compounds of the prior art being generally bacteriostatic. They are active against linezolid-resistant strains, in particular against novel linezolid-resistant strains of this invention, in further particular against linezolid-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and against resistant enterococci, such activity features being disclosed here for the first time. There is no previous report of oxazolidinones of the structure presented in this invention which display activity against difficult-to-obtain linezolid-resistant strains.
  • the compounds of the invention for the first time thus establish their ability to inhibit bacterial ribonucleoprotein through differential binding at single/ multiple sites.
  • the present invention provides new compounds of the Formula I.
  • a and B' are each and independently selected from H, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, CO 2 Et, or halogen.
  • H alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, aralkanoyl, substituted aralkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, thioacyl, substituted thioacyl, aroyl, substituted aroyl, alkylmercapto, arylmercapto, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclylthiocarbonyl, aralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted herocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cyano, carboxylic acid, carboxamido, amino, substituted arnino, or halogen.
  • Ri is alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, aralkanoyl, substituted aralkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, thioacyl, substituted thioacyl, aroyl, substituted aroyl, alkylmercapto, arylmercapto, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclylthiocarbonyl, aralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted herocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or carboxamido.
  • Ri is defined as when “a” is double bond.
  • R and R 3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or halo; R- t is,
  • the present invention also provides: a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a method for treating Gram-positive microbial infections in human or other warm-blooded animals by administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for treating Gram-negative microbial infections in human or other warm-blooded animals by administering to the subject in need a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
  • the invention also includes novel intermediates and processes that are used to prepare compounds of Formula I.
  • the present invention provides new compounds of the Formula I.
  • a and B' are each and independently selected from H, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, CO 2 Et, or halogen.
  • Ri is alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, aralkanoyl, substituted aralkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, thioacyl, substituted thioacyl, aroyl, substituted aroyl, alkylmercapto, arylmercapto, heterocyclylcarbonyl, heterocyclylthiocarbonyl, aralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, substituted herocyclyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or carboxamido.
  • Ri is defined as when “a” is double bond.
  • R and R 3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or halo
  • Alkyl means carbon atom chains having C ⁇ -C 6 number of carbon atoms which can be either sfraight chain or branched such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl.
  • Substituted alkyl means C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, sfraight chain or branched, bearing substituents like one or more aryl, hydroxy, substituted hydroxy for example methanesulphonyloxy, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocycyl, cyano, halo, for example fluorine or chlorine, amino, substituted amino;
  • Alkenyl means carbon atom chains having C 2 -C 6 number of carbon atoms which can be either straight chain or branched such as ethene, propene, butene, pentene, hexene, butadiene, or hexadiene.
  • Alkynyl means carbon atom chains having C 2 -C 6 number of carbon atoms which can be either sfraight chain or branched such as ethyne, propyne, butyne, pentyne, hexyne, butadiyne, or hexadiyne.
  • Cycloalkyl means C 3 -C 6 carbocycles such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • Substituted cycloalkyl means cycloalkyl substituted with a groups such as alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano or halogen;
  • Alkanoyl means C ⁇ -C 6 number of carbon atoms to form an organic acid where the OH group has been deleted, such as formyl, HCO-; acetyl, or CH 3 CO-.
  • Substituted alkanoyl means alkanoyl bearing substitutents like one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, or halogen.
  • Alkanoyl means C ⁇ -C 6 number of carbon atoms to form an aralkyl organic acid where the OH group has been deleted, such as phenylacetyl, C 6 H 5 CH 2 CO-; "Substituted aralkanoyl” means aralkanoyl bearing substitutents like one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, or halogen.
  • Alkoxycarbonyl means alkanoyl group substituted with alkyl ether such as methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy so on;
  • Substituted alkoxycarbonyl means alkoxycarbonyl bearing substitutents like one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano,or halogen;
  • thioacyl means C ⁇ -C 6 number of carbon atoms to form an thioorganic acid where the OH group has been deleted, such as thioformyl, HCS-; thioacetyl, CH 3 CS-;
  • substituted thioacyl means thioacyl bearing substitutents like one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, halogen;
  • aroyl means C ⁇ -C 6 number of carbon atoms to form an aryl organic acid where the OH group has been deleted, such as benzoyl, C 6 H 5 CO-;
  • substituted aroyl means alkanoyl bearing substitutents like one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, halogen;
  • alkylmercapto means alkylthiol in which H group is deleted such as CH 3 S-, C2H5S-SO on;
  • arylmercapto means arylthiol in which H group is deleted such as C 6 H 5 S- so on;
  • heterocyclylcarbonyl means groups such as carbonyl bearing heterocycles like morpholine, piperidine, piperazine and so on;
  • heterocyclylthiocarbonyl means groups such as thiocarbonyl bearing heterocycles like morpholine, piperidine, piperazine and so on;
  • aralkyl are groups such as benzyl, benzhydryl, trityl and so on;
  • aryl stands for phenyl, naphthyl, so on
  • substituted aryl stands for aryl which may optionally be substituted with groups such as like one or more alkyl, hydroxyl, a ino, substituted amino, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, halogen;
  • heterocyclyl means groups such as heterocycles like morpholine, piperidine, piperazine and so on;
  • substituted heterocyclyl stands for herterocyclyl which may optionally be substituted with groups such as like one or more alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, halogen;
  • heteroaryl means groups such as heterocycles like pyrrole, fiirane, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, trizole, tefrazole, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, and so on;
  • substituted heteroaryl stands for herteroaryl which may optionally be substituted with groups such as like one or more alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, cyano, halogen; "cyano” is -CN; carboxamido" is -CONH 2 ;
  • substituted amino stands for NH 2 , in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be optionally substituted by C ⁇ -C 3 alkyl groups also unsubstituted or optionally substituted by substituents as defined earlier in the specification under “substituted alkyl”; "halogen” means atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine.
  • Preferred salts are those of hydrochloride, hydrobronide, hydroiodide, sulphate, phosphate and salts of organic acids such as acetate, lactate, succmate, oxalate, maleate, fumarate, malate, tatrate, citrate, ascorbate, cinnamate, gluconate, benzoate, methane sulfonate and p-toluene sulfonate; lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium salts, and amino acids salts such as alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptopham tyrosine or valine.
  • organic acids such as acetate, lactate, succmate, oxalate, maleate,
  • the present invention currently provides compounds of Formula I, which can be represented as Formulae II, III and IV.
  • More particularly preferred compounds of the invention of the Formula 1 are:
  • a further embodiment of the invention is to provide methods of preparation of the compound of the invention.
  • Scheme I describes the preparation of compounds of Formulae II, HI and IV of the present invention. All of the starting materials are prepared by procedures described in this scheme or by procedures that would be well known to one of ordinary skill in organic chemistry.
  • the variables used in Scheme 1 are as defined above. Optically pure material could be obtained either by one of a number of asymmetric synthesis or alternatively by resolution from a race ic mixture.
  • piperidone (i) (for example, the preparation of one such piperidone is described in US Patent 5,668,286) is reacted with cyano substituted active methylene compounds ii (Ri as defined) in the presence of a base such as ammonium acetate, sodium methoxide, pyridine and piperidine acetate, preferably ammonium acetate and pyridine and in a solvent such as toluene, THF and methanol at 30 - 110 °C for 2 - 48 hrs. to provide compounds of formula II.
  • a base such as ammonium acetate, sodium methoxide, pyridine and piperidine acetate, preferably ammonium acetate and pyridine
  • a solvent such as toluene, THF and methanol
  • i is reacted with a Wittig reagent optionally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, sodium hydride or n-butyl lithium in a solvent such as ether, tefrahycfrofuran or benzene at 10 - 80 °C to provide compounds of formula II.
  • a base such as triethylamine, sodium hydride or n-butyl lithium
  • a solvent such as ether, tefrahycfrofuran or benzene
  • the resultant unsaturated cyano derivatives are reduced by hydrogenation in the presence of catalysts such as 5% palladium on carbon, 10% palladium on carbon, palladium hydroxide at atmospheric pressure of hydrogen gas, alternatively by using hydrogen sources such as ammonium formate, cyclohexene in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, methanol, tefrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or chloroform or a mixture thereof at 20 - 60 °C for 1 to 24 hrs. to provide compounds of formula III.
  • catalysts such as 5% palladium on carbon, 10% palladium on carbon, palladium hydroxide at atmospheric pressure of hydrogen gas
  • hydrogen sources such as ammonium formate, cyclohexene in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, methanol, tefrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or chloroform or a mixture thereof at 20 - 60 °C for 1 to 24 hrs.
  • i is reacted with unsubstituted/substituted cyanoacetic acid in the presence of a base such as pyridine, piperidine and ammonium acetate in a solvent such as benzene, toluene at a temperature of 80 to 120 °C for 3 to 24 hrs. to provide compounds of formula IV.
  • a base such as pyridine, piperidine and ammonium acetate
  • a solvent such as benzene, toluene at a temperature of 80 to 120 °C for 3 to 24 hrs.
  • Thioacetamides can conveniently be prepared by allowing the acetamide derivatives to react with Lawesson's reagent in 1 ,4 dioxane, benzene, toluene or tetrahydrofuran at 60 to 110 °C.
  • the oxazolidinone antibacterial agents of this invention have potential for treatment of specially Gram-positive infections including multi-resistant sfrains.
  • they demonstrate bactericidal activity against different resistant microorganisms and in particular different strains of Enterococcus faecalis.
  • These compounds are useful for the treatment of Gram- positive or Gram-negative microbial infections in humans and other warm blooded animals by either parenteral, oral or topical administration.
  • the infection in human and other warm blooded animals can be systemic or topical.
  • the compounds of this invention may be used to prevent infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by administering the compound to a subject that is at risk for developing an infection caused by Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
  • a subject at risk for developing an infection may be a health care worker, surgical patient and the like.
  • the present invention encompasses certain compounds, dosage forms, and methods of administering the compounds to a human or other animal subject.
  • Specific compounds and compositions to be used in the invention must, accordingly, be pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable” component is one that is suitable for use with humans and/or animals without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, and allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • compositions are prepared according to conventional procedures used by persons skilled in the art to make stable and effective compositions.
  • an effective amount of the active compound or the active ingredient is any amount, which produces the desired results.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may contain the active compounds of the invention, their derivatives, salts and hydrates thereof, in a form to be administered alone, but generally in a form to be administered in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier selected with regard to the intended route of adminisfration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • Suitable carriers which can be used are, for example, diluents or excipients such as fillers, extenders, binders, emollients, wetting agents, disintegrants, surface active agents and lubricants which are usually employed to prepare such drugs depending on the type of dosage form. Any suitable route of administration may be employed for providing the patient with an effective dosage of the compound of the invention their derivatives, salts and hydrates thereof.
  • Dosage forms include (solutions, suspensions, etc) tablets, pills, powders, troches, dispersions, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, capsules, injectable preparations, patches, ointments, creams, lotions, shampoos and the like.
  • the prophylactic or therapeutic dose of the compounds of the invention, their derivatives, salts or hydrates thereof, in the acute or chronic management of disease will vary with the severity of condition to be freated, and the route of administration, h addition, the dose, and perhaps the dose frequency, will also vary according to the age, body weight and response of the individual patient, h general, the total daily dose range, for the compounds of the invention, the derivatives, salts or hydrates thereof, for the conditions described herein, is from about 200 mg to about 1500 mg, in single or divided doses.
  • a daily dose range should be between about 400 mg to 1200 mg, in single or divided dosage, while most preferably a daily dose range should be between about 500 mg to about 1000 mg in divided dosage.
  • intramuscular administration may be a single dose or up to 3 divided doses
  • intravenous adminisfration can include a continuous drip. It may be necessary to use dosages outside these ranges in some cases as will be apparent to those skilled in
  • a specific embodiment of the invention is that the pharmacokinetic profile of a compound of the invention is such that it permits administration of a dosage schedule which is a much desired once- a-day dosing, a schedule not so far advocated for the only currently available oxazolidinone drug in the market.
  • a further specific embodiment of the invention is that a compound of the invention has favourable safety advantages in particular no or lower potential to cause myelosuppression.
  • Myelosuppression is known to be a typical class-specific toxicological feature of the oxazolidinone class of antibacterial agents.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration maybe presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets, or tablets, or aerosol sprays, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as a powder or granules, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid, a non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • compositions may be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy, but all methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier, which constitutes one or more necessary ingredients.
  • the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation.
  • compositions of the present invention include compositions such as suspensions, solutions, elixirs, aerosols, and solid dosage forms.
  • Carriers as described in general above are commonly used in the case of oral solid preparations (such as powders, capsules and tablets), with the oral solid preparations being preferred over the oral liquid preparations.
  • the most preferred oral solid preparation is tablets .
  • tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are employed.
  • suitable carriers include excipients such as lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose solution, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, crystalline cellulose and silicic acid, binders such as water, ethanol, propanol, simple syrup, glucose, starch solution, gelatin solution, carboxymethyl cellulose, shellac, methyl cellulose, potassium phosphate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, disintegrants such as dried starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, la inaria powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, Tween (fatty acid ester of polyoxyethylenesorbitan), sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid monoglyceride, starch, and lactose, disintegration inhibitors such as white sugar, stearic acid glyceryl ester, cacao butter and hydrogenated oils, absorption promoters such as
  • tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or non-aqueous techniques.
  • suitable carriers are excipients such as glucose, lactose, starch, cacao butter, hardened vegetable oils, kaolin and talc, binders such as gum arabic powder, fragacanth powder, gelatin, and ethanol, and disintegrants such as laminaria and agar.
  • a wide variety of carriers known in the art can be used.
  • suitable carriers include polyethylene glycol, cacao butter, higher alcohols, gelatin, and semi-synthetic glycerides.
  • a second preferred method is parenterally for intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous administration.
  • a third preferred route of adminisfration is topically, for which creams, ointments, shampoos, lotions, dusting powders and the like are well suited.
  • an effective amount of the compound according to this invention in a topical form is from about 0.1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the total composition.
  • the effective amount of the compound of the invention is 1% w/w of the total composition.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be administered by controlled release means and/or delivery devices such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,845,770; 3,916,899; 3,536,809; 3,598,123 and 4,008,719; the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • each tablet contains from about 200 mg to about 1500 mg of the active ingredient.
  • the tablet, cachet or capsule contains either one of three dosages, about 200 mg, about 400 mg, or about 600 mg of the active ingredient.
  • all diluents customarily used in the art can be used. Examples of suitable diluents are water, ethyl alcohol, polypropylene glycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol, and sorbitan esters. Sodium chloride, glucose or glycerol may be incorporated into a therapeutic agent.
  • the antimicrobial pharmaceutical composition may further contain ordinary dissolving aids, buffers, pain-alleviating agents, and preservatives, and optionally coloring agents, perfumes, flavors, sweeteners, and other drugs.
  • viscous to semi-solid or solid forms comprising a carrier compatible with topical application and having a dynamic viscosity preferably greater than water.
  • suitable formulations include but are not limited to solutions, suspensions, emulsions, creams, ointments, powders, liniments, salves, aerosols, etc., which are, if desired, sterilized or mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g. preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, wetting agents, buffers or salts for influencing osmotic pressure, etc.
  • auxiliary agents e.g. preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, wetting agents, buffers or salts for influencing osmotic pressure, etc.
  • sprayable aerosol preparations wherein the active ingredient preferably in combination with a solid or liquid inert carrier material.
  • a specific embodiment of the invention is the preparation of storage stable compositions of the compounds of the invention of formula I.
  • Such stable compositions can be advantageously made through the use of selective stabilizers.
  • Different stabilizers are known to those skilled in the art of making pharmaceutical compositions.
  • stabilizers such as disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tromethamine, cyclodextrins such as gamma- cyclodextrin, hydiOxy-propyl-gamma-cyclodextrin have been found to be useful.
  • EDTA disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • cyclodextrins such as gamma- cyclodextrin, hydiOxy-propyl-gamma-cyclodextrin have been found to be useful.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions contain an effective amount of the active compounds of the invention, its derivatives, salts or hydrates thereof described in this specification as hereinbefore described in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipients, and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier diluent or excipients, and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful antimicrobial agents effective against various humans and veterinary pathogens specially including Linezolid-resistant strains.
  • Linezolid-resistant strains of the invention are the linezolid-resistant strains of the invention and methods for producing them.
  • Linezolid-resistant mutants S. pneumoniae ATCC 6303 LR, S. aureus Smith LR & MRSA 032 LR were selected from corresponding sensitive strains S. pneumoniae ATCC 6303, S. aureus Smith & MRSA 032 respectively under in-vivo conditions from mice infected with respective parent strains and freated with various dosages of linezolid .
  • Selected mutants and parent strains were analyzed for the presence of mutation in 23 S rRNA by sequencing.
  • the methodology involved amplication of genes coding 23 S rRNA from linezolid- resistant mutants employing a PCR based DNA amplification method.
  • the mutations in 23 S rRNA gene were identified by sequencing of amplified DNA following elecfrophoretic separation.
  • Butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 27 ml) was added to the solution of [4-(4,4-dimethoxy — 3- fluoropiperidin-yl)-aminocarbonyloxymethyl]-benzene (35.7mmol) in tefrahydrofuran (250 ml) at -78°C under an inert atmosphere.
  • (R)-(-)-Glycidyl butyrate (37.5 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and was stirred for 15 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was extracted with the ethyl acetate water mixture.
  • the combined organic layer was dried and removal of the solvent afforded a residue which was recrystallized from dichloromethane:hexane mixture to give title product in 89% yield.
  • Butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 27 ml) was added to the solution of [4-(4,4-dimethoxy — 3- fluoropiperidin-yl)-- ⁇ rr ⁇ inocarbonyloxymethyl]- 3-fluorobenzene (35.0 mmol) in tefrahydrofuran (250 ml) at -78°C under an inert atmosphere.
  • (R)-(-)-Glycidyl butyrate (37.1 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and was stirred for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with the ethyl acetate water mixture.
  • Butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 27 ml) was added to the solution of [4-(4,4-dimethoxy — 3,3- difluoropiperidin-yl)-aminocarbonyloxymethyl]-be ⁇ zene (35.0 mmol) in tefrahydrofuran (250 ml) at -78°C under an inert atmosphere.
  • (R)-(-)-Glycidyl butyrate (37.1 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and was stirred for 15 hours.
  • the reaction mixture was extracted with the ethyl acetate water mixture.
  • the combined organic layer was dried and removal of the solvent afforded a residue which was recrystallized from dichloromethane:hexane mixture to give title product in 80% yield.
  • Butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 180 ml) was added to the solution [4-(l,4-dioxa-3,3-dimethyl-8- aza-spiro[4.5]-dec-8-yl)]-3-fluorophenyl-4-yl]-aminocarbonyloxymethyl]-benzene (0.031 mol) in tetrahydrofuran at -78°C. (R)-(-)-Glycidyl butyrate (0.032 mol) was added to the reaction mixture and it was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was exfracted with the ethyl acetate after quenching with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution.
  • Table 1 shows the linezolid MIC values for the sensitive and the corresponding resistant sfrains as well as the site of mutation in their ribosomal RNA.
  • a further embodiment in support of the invention is the result derived from a CoMFA 3D-QSAR study carried out on the compounds of the invention. The study and the results obtained are briefed described below.
  • Comparative molecular field analysis a three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship technique was applied to series of oxazolidinone antibacterials to understand pharmacophoric factors necessary for optimal activity.
  • CoMFA technique derives the relationship between steric and electrostatic fields of the molecules and their biological activity.
  • Minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 032 strain) was used as biological activity.
  • MRSA-32 Streptococcus pneumoniae 6303 fSPN 6303 in murine infections.
  • Linezolid resistant mutants of MRSA-32 and SPN 6303 were recovered while studying in vivo efficacy of linezolid in immunocompetent Swiss mice. Infecting doses of organisms given by intraperitoneal route in 5% hog gastric mucin were 10 3 - 10 4 CFU (colony forming units)/animal for SPN 6303 and 10 8 CFU/animal for MRSA-32. In case of MRSA-32, Linezolid was administered by oral route, 1 and 4 h post infection, BID (twice a day) for 1 day and for SPN 6303 BID for 2 days.
  • Linezolid Mice dying at the highest dose of Linezolid were dissected to recover organisms from heart and liver for MRSA-32 and from lung for SPN 6303 by plating on blood agar containing Linezolid at a concentration of 4X MIC ( Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). MICs of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus- 32 Linezolid resistant (MRSA-32 LNZR), S. pneumoniae 744 Linezolid resistant ( SPN 744 LNZR) and parent Linezolid sensitive strains MRSA-32 and SPN 6303 were determined for Linezolid by NCCLS agar dilution method. In vivo expression of Linezolid resistance by mutants was further confirmed by determining Linezolid ED50 ( Efficacy dose at which 50% of animals show mortality) values for mutants and parent strains in mouse systemic infection model.
  • Linezolid ED50 Efficacy dose at which 50% of animals show mortality
  • Linezolid for MRSA -32 and SPN 6303 were raised from 5 and 75 mg/kg to 100 and >200 mg/kg for the corresponding mutant strains.
  • E. faecium ATCC 19434 strain at a cell density of 10 ⁇ / ml was inoculated in Mueller Hinton broth medium containing Linezolid at a concentration of 5 and 7.5 meg / ml.
  • the stationary culture was incubated at 37°C and inspected at every 24 hours to assess the formation of turbidity due to the onset of bacterial growth. Following an extended incubation for 96 - 120 hrs turbidity development was noticed in a flask containing medium incorporated with linezolid at 5 & 7.5 meg / ml.
  • a 50 microliter sample of turbid flask was plated on Mueller Hinton agar medium incorporated with linezolid at 7.5 meg / ml.
  • E. faecium 361 LNZR linezolid-resistant strain of E. faecium
  • MICs of resistant mutant E. faecium 361 LNZR and parent strain E. faecium ATCC 19434 were determined for linezolid by NCCLS method.
  • the compounds of the invention have distinctive antibacterial activities over the compounds of the prior art. Examples of such activity are provided below. The methods for subjecting the compounds of the invention to various antimicrobial activity tests, in which they exhibited antimicrobial activity are also described.
  • MIC values for representative compounds of the invention against linezolid resistant (LNZR) sfrains S. aureus MRSA-32 LNZR, SPN 744 LNZR and E.faecium 367 LNZR are shown in Table-2 Table - 2 : MICs against linezolid resistant strains (MIC ⁇ g/ml)
  • Enterococcus faecalis 416 strain at 10 8 CFU density level was spirally plated on Mueller Hinton agar containing 5 mcg/ml each of linezolid and representative compound of the invention. Plates were incubated at 35 °C for 48 hours and number of resistant colonies developed in presence of respective compounds were counted by automated colony counter.
  • Table 5 Low propensity of compounds of invention towards resistance development.
  • Clinical isolate Enterococcus faecalis 416 was spirally plated on Tryptic Soya agar (TSA) plate containing various 2 fold dilutions each of a representative compound of the invention and Linezolid so as to give 10 9 CFU/plate. After incubation at 35°C for 48 hours, the CFU on each plate was determined. MPC is defined as minimum concentration of drug that prevents mutant colonies on respective antibiotic containing plate. Results
  • the suspension was filtered and the filtrate was treated with water and exfracted with ethyl acetate.
  • Step-1 To a mixture of (S)- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanomethylidene-piperidin-l-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5- ylmethyl ⁇ -azide (2.94 mmol), triphenylphosphine (3.81 mmol) was stirred for 3 hours. It was refluxed byadding water overnight. Removal of solvent and purification of the product on silica gel column chromatography provided (S)- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanomethylidene-piperidin-l-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo- oxazolidin-5 -ylmethyl ⁇ -amine in 71% yield. Step-2
  • the intermediate i was treated with diethylcyanomethyl phosphonate as per Example 1 to provide titled compound in 91% yield.
  • Example -9 The compound obtained in Example -9 (1 mmol) was treated with n-butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexane, 1.6 mmol), methyl iodide (2 mmol) in 10 ml tefrahydrofuran at -78 °C temperature. The reaction mixture was with ethyl acetate water mixture. The organic layer was evaporated to give a crude compound, which was chromatographed on a silica gel to give the titled compound in 44% yield.
  • Example 18 The compound of Example 18 was treated with cyanogen bromide as per procedure in Example- 10 to give titled compound in 32% yield.
  • Step-1 By following the procedure as per Example 21, and by using L-serine in the place of L-glycine the 2-amino-3-hydroxypropiona ⁇ nide compound was isolated in 42% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using trifluoroacetic acid in the place of difluoroacetic acid in 45% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using chloroacetic acid in the place of difluoroacetic acid in 77% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using dichloroacetic acid in the place of difluoroacetic acid in 39% yield.
  • Example 34 (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanomethylidene-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyll- bromoacetamide;
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -10 and by using bromoacetylbromide in the place of propionyl chloride in 77% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using dibromoacetic acid in the place of difluoroacetic acid in 57% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -10 and by using p- toluene sulfonylchloride in the place of propionyl chloride in 69% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -38 and by using sodium ethoxide in the place of sodium methoxide in 54% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -10 and by using isopropylchloroformate in the place of propionyl chloride in 48% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -21 and by using L- alanine in the place of L-glycine in 67% yield.
  • Stepl The mixture of (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanomethylidene-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo- oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -amine (10 mmol), triethylamine (10 mmol) and carbon disulphide (20 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was stirred for 4 hours at 0°C.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -46, step-2 by using aminoethanol in place of sodium methoxide in 36% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -45 and by using S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cymome1frylidene-piperi(hn-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethylamino ⁇ - c-trbonylmethylamine in 38% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -46, step-2 by using dimethylaminoethylamine in place of sodium methoxide in 40% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -46, step-2 by using methylamine in place of sodium methoxide in 65% yield.
  • Example 56 E/Z mixture/E and Z isomer of (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[ " 4-(4-cyanomethylidene-3-fluoropiperidin-l-yl)-3- fluorophenyl1-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -1 and by using S)- ⁇ 3- [4-(3-fluoro-4-oxo-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -acetamide in 71% yield as a mixture of isomers.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanomethylidene-3-fluoropiperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ - amine in 80% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -10 and by using (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanomethylidene-3-fluoropiperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ - amine and isobutylchloroformate in 69% yield.
  • the compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -1 and by using (S)- ⁇ 3-[4- (3,3-m ⁇ uoro-4-oxo-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidm-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -amine in 80% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -1 and by using (S)- ⁇ 3- [4-(4-oxo-piperidin-l-yl)-phenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -acetamide and diethyl-(l- cyanoethyl)-phosphonate in 65% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -1 and by using (S)- ⁇ 3- [4-(4-oxo-piperidin- 1 -yl)-3 -fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -acetamide and diethyl-( 1 - cyanoethyl)-phosphonate in 80% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-(l-cyanoethylidene)-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -amine and trichloroacetic acid in 45% yield.
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -1 and by using (R)- ⁇ 3- [4-(4-oxo-piperidin- 1 -yl)-3 -fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -alcohol and diethyl( 1 - cyanoethyl)-phosphonate in 63% yield.
  • the compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -1 and by using (S)- ⁇ 3-[4-(4- oxo-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -amine in 75% yield.
  • Step-2 The title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using (S)-N-
  • the title compound was prepared by following the procedure of Example -29 and by using (S)-N- ⁇ 3-[4-(4-cyanopropylidene-piperidin-l-yl)-3-fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -amine and trichloroacetic acid in 63% yield.
  • Example 110 (S)-N- ⁇ 3 - f4-(4-( 1 -cyano- 1 -(N-c vclohexyl-carboxamido)-methylidene)-piperidin- 1 - yl)-3 - fluorophenyl]-2-oxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl ⁇ -acetamide:

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EP03753912A 2002-07-11 2003-07-10 Antibakteriell wirksame substituierte cyanomethyl(en)-piperidinophenyl-oxazolidinone, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und sie enthaltende pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen Withdrawn EP1565461A2 (de)

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US7687627B2 (en) * 2003-09-08 2010-03-30 Wockhardt Limited Substituted piperidino phenyloxazolidinones having antimicrobial activity with improved in vivo efficacy
EP1745784A1 (de) 2005-06-27 2007-01-24 Ferrer Internacional, S.A. Oxazolidinonderivate und ihre Anwendung als Antibiotika
WO2007132314A2 (en) * 2006-05-09 2007-11-22 Wockhardt Ltd Substituted piperidino phenyloxazolidinones
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