EP1563182B1 - Injector with a directly-actuated compound nozzle needle for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Injector with a directly-actuated compound nozzle needle for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1563182B1
EP1563182B1 EP03767443A EP03767443A EP1563182B1 EP 1563182 B1 EP1563182 B1 EP 1563182B1 EP 03767443 A EP03767443 A EP 03767443A EP 03767443 A EP03767443 A EP 03767443A EP 1563182 B1 EP1563182 B1 EP 1563182B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle needle
nozzle
actuator
needle
register
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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EP03767443A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1563182A1 (en
Inventor
Wendelin KLÜGL
Willibald SCHÜRZ
Clemens Senghaas
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/701—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an injector for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine, which has a register nozzle needle, which is arranged in an axial bore of a nozzle body and by means of a compression spring in the non-actuated state, the existing injection holes of the nozzle body closes, according to the preamble of the main claim ,
  • the injectors in certain operating conditions such as high loads z. B. in the acceleration phase much more fuel (gasoline or diesel) must inject into the combustion chambers of the engine than would be required at low or normal load. This problem is aggravated by the fact that under all operating conditions, the legally prescribed limits for emissions protection must be observed.
  • a piezoelectric actuator is often used to control the injector, since this performs by applying a pulsed control voltage a reversible change in length, which can be used to actuate the nozzle needle, especially in the multiple injection.
  • a servo valve has been previously connected between the actuator and the valve unit, which can be formed with a corresponding translation and thus indirectly controls the nozzle needle.
  • an injector with a register nozzle needle which is used to increase the injected Fuel quantity is formed in two stages.
  • the register nozzle needle has a hollow needle into which a second nozzle needle is inserted. Both nozzle needles close in the non-activated state by spring pressure separate injection holes. If the fuel pressure in the nozzle area increased, then first opens the nozzle needle with the weakest spring pressure, ie first the second nozzle needle and with further increasing fuel pressure, the hollow needle to achieve the desired injection quantity of the fuel.
  • This type of control of the two nozzle needle is therefore also indirect and can be done via a servo valve.
  • a fuel injector in which a piezoelectric actuator is used to control the nozzle needle.
  • a simple nozzle needle is used, which raises in the interior of the nozzle body and thereby opens the injection holes.
  • the actuator is designed so that the injection holes are only closed securely when a correspondingly high control voltage U is applied to the actuator.
  • the actuator is locked and exerts a corresponding pressure on a spring on the nozzle needle, which leads to the closing of the injection holes.
  • the nozzle needle is controlled directly by the actuator.
  • the disadvantage is that in the absence of control voltage, the injection holes are not securely closed, so that in an undesirable manner and at inappropriate times fuel can escape.
  • the injector according to the invention for fuel injection into the internal combustion engine having the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that on the one hand, a register-nozzle needle can be used with a high injection quantity.
  • the register nozzle needle is directly controlled by a mechanical coupling of an actuator, so that no servo valve is required. It is considered to be particularly advantageous that the actuator is controlled very simply by an applied control voltage can, so that both needles can be specifically controlled. In this way, it is possible to inject an optimal amount of fuel in every operating situation of the engine.
  • a deflection device is arranged between the actuator and the nozzle needle in the case of an inwardly opening register nozzle needle. This ensures that the spray holes of the two stages are safely closed when the actuator is deactivated, so that the fuel can only escape when the actuator is actuated. A dangerous for the engine dripping or running of fuel is thus advantageously prevented.
  • the deflection device can be realized in the simplest case with a lever, at one end of the actuator presses and the second end raises the nozzle needle.
  • a sleeve is advantageously arranged between the injector and the deflection device.
  • the injector can press over the sleeve on the lever.
  • the second end of the lever then presses from below against a collar plate of the register nozzle needle, so that it can lift out of its seat. In this way, a very simple reversal to open the two stages of the nozzle needles is achieved.
  • a favorable solution is also to actuate both nozzle needles by separate levers independently. As a result, for example, a different stroke for the two levers can be achieved.
  • a hydraulic converter can also be used.
  • a hydraulic clearance compensation which is preferably designed as a hydraulic bearing.
  • the hydraulic bearing is advantageously compensated for a game.
  • the invention is based on the object to form an injector for fuel injection with a piezoelectric actuator, which actuates a register nozzle needle directly. This object is achieved with the features of the main claim.
  • an injector 1 recognizable, which has a high pressure port 12 for the fuel supply in the upper part.
  • a nozzle body 4 is screwed by means of a nozzle lock nut 6 on the Injektorgeophuse 1.
  • a register-nozzle needle 5 is disposed in the interior, in FIG. 3 will be explained in more detail.
  • a hydraulic clearance compensation 2 is provided along the central axis in the upper part, which is designed for example as a hydraulic bearing in the open system and thus compensates for leaks occurring.
  • the lower end of the hydraulic bearing 2 is closed by a bottom plate to which the upper part of a piezoelectric actuator 3 is attached.
  • the actuator 3 Downwards, the actuator 3 is closed with a bottom plate 7, which acts on a deflecting device 9 via a sleeve 8.
  • a lever is enough.
  • two levers 9 were provided here, which bear against corresponding two sides of a collar plate 10 of a register nozzle needle 5.
  • the levers 9 are designed so that the sleeve 8 presses with its lower edge on the outer bearing surface of the lever 9, while the inner bearing surfaces from below against the collar plate 10 presses.
  • the lever 9 are based on their abutment on the nozzle body 4. In the construction of the lever, of course, the lever ratio can be used to increase, for example, the stroke of the register nozzle needle 5.
  • a compression spring 11 is disposed within the sleeve 8, which ensures that on the one hand, the stroke transmission of the actuator 3 is free of play.
  • the spring force when the actuator 3 is not activated, i. in de-energized actuator 3 the register-nozzle needles 5 pressed against the corresponding injection holes 16,19 so that they are sealed fuel-tight.
  • the hydraulic force of the fuel pressure still acts as a closing force. This ensures that the drive system with the bottom plate 7, the levers 9 and the collar plate 10 of the register nozzle needle 5 always have play-free contact.
  • FIG. 1 In the upper right part of the FIG. 1 is provided (without reference numeral) an electrical connection for the actuator 3.
  • the fuel flows via the high-pressure port 12 of the injector housing 1 and flows past the hydraulic lash adjuster 2 and the actuator 3 to the nozzle assembly 4, 5.
  • a nozzle needle guide 13 is provided which has four ground key surfaces.
  • FIG. 2 a cross section of the nozzle body 4 is shown. The cross section was at the level of the section line AA ( FIG. 1 ) drawn. He first shows the annular nozzle lock nut 6, which encloses the nozzle body 4. In the center of the register-nozzle needle 5 can be seen as well as the four ground flats to which the fuel can flow.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which the nozzle body 4 of FIG. 1 was replaced.
  • the register nozzle needle 5 consists of a hollow needle 15 and a central nozzle needle 17, which are coaxially assembled and each having a collar plate 14 and 18 respectively.
  • the collar plate 18 of the central nozzle needle 17 protrudes at a predetermined distance s over the collar plate 14 of the hollow needle 15 and covers it at least partially.
  • the length of the two nozzle needles is dimensioned such that with closed spray holes 16,19 the collar plate 18 protrudes by the predetermined distance s.
  • the central nozzle needle 17 can thus only move when the hollow needle 15 has completed a distance s corresponding stroke. Thereafter, the central nozzle needle 17 is entrained.
  • the stroke of the two nozzle needles 15, 17 can now be controlled with the amplitude of a control voltage on the actuator.
  • a control voltage With a smaller control voltage, initially only the hollow needle 15 moves until its stroke corresponds to the distance s.
  • the central nozzle needle 17 is entrained and thus opened all the injection ports 16,19 of the two stages.
  • each nozzle needle 15,17 separate lever 9, which are then designed accordingly.
  • the two nozzle needles 15, 17 can advantageously also be controlled with a different stroke.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention for a direct actuation of the register nozzle needle 5.
  • the lever of the deflector 9 were replaced by a hydraulic converter.
  • the bottom plate of the actuator 3 is formed as an actuator piston 23 which presses upon extension of the actuator 3 to a pressure chamber 22 filled with fuel. According to the pressure, the fuel then flows via a connecting line 24 into a lifting chamber 25, which surrounds the hollow needle 15 in an annular manner.
  • the collar plate 14 of the hollow needle 15 is also formed in this case as a piston, the first entrains the hollow needle 15 and then the central nozzle needle 17, as previously described.
  • the remaining parts of this FIG. 4 were already too FIG. 3 explained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A piezoelectric injector with a directly-actuated compound nozzle needle (5) for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. Both nozzle needles (15, 17) of the compound nozzle needle (5) are operated for opening the injection holes (16, 19) not as conventionally by means of a fuel pressure generated in the injector or by means of a servo valve, but rather directly by the piezoelectric actuator (3). The actuator (3) can thus advantageously directly control both nozzle needles (15, 17) by means of the amplitude of the control voltage applied thereto. In the inactive state, pressure springs (11; 20, 21) hold the injection holes (16, 19) of both stages closed.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Injektor für die Kraftstoffeinspritzung in einen Verbrennungsmotor, der eine Register-Düsennadel aufweist, die in einer axialen Bohrung eines Düsenkörpers angeordnet ist und mittels einer Druckfeder im nicht angesteuerten Zustand die vorhandenen Spritzlöcher des Düsenkörpers verschließt, nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Insbesondere bei leistungsstarke Motoren tritt das Problem auf, dass die Injektoren bei bestimmten Betriebszuständen wie hohen Lasten z. B. in der Beschleunigungsphase sehr viel mehr Kraftstoff (Benzin oder Diesel) in die Verbrennungsräume des Motors einspritzen müssen als dies bei niedriger oder normaler Belastung erforderlich wäre. Dieses Problem verschärft sich dadurch, dass bei allen Betriebsbedingungen auch die gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte für den Emissionsschutz einzuhalten sind.The invention is based on an injector for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine, which has a register nozzle needle, which is arranged in an axial bore of a nozzle body and by means of a compression spring in the non-actuated state, the existing injection holes of the nozzle body closes, according to the preamble of the main claim , Especially with powerful engines, the problem arises that the injectors in certain operating conditions such as high loads z. B. in the acceleration phase much more fuel (gasoline or diesel) must inject into the combustion chambers of the engine than would be required at low or normal load. This problem is aggravated by the fact that under all operating conditions, the legally prescribed limits for emissions protection must be observed.

Aus diesen Gründen wird zur Steuerung des Injektors häufig ein piezoelektrischer Aktor verwendet, da dieser durch Anlegen einer gepulsten Steuerspannung eine reversible Längenänderung durchführt, die zur Betätigung der Düsennadel, insbesondere auch bei der Mehrfacheinspritzung genutzt werden kann. Da jedoch die Längenänderung der verwendeten Piezokeramik verhältnismäßig klein ist und somit nur einen kleinen Nadelhub erzeugen werden kann, wurde bisher zwischen dem Aktor und der Ventileinheit ein Servoventil geschaltet, das mit einer entsprechenden Übersetzung ausgebildet sein kann und somit indirekt die Düsennadel steuert.For these reasons, a piezoelectric actuator is often used to control the injector, since this performs by applying a pulsed control voltage a reversible change in length, which can be used to actuate the nozzle needle, especially in the multiple injection. However, since the change in length of the piezoceramic used is relatively small and thus can only produce a small needle stroke, a servo valve has been previously connected between the actuator and the valve unit, which can be formed with a corresponding translation and thus indirectly controls the nozzle needle.

Aus der DE 27 10 138 A1 ist des weiteren ein Injektor mit einer Registerdüsennadel bekannt, die zur Erhöhung der einzuspritzenden Kraftstoffmenge zweistufig ausgebildet ist. Die Register-Düsennadel weist eine Hohlnadel auf, in die eine zweite Düsennadel eingesetzt ist. Beide Düsennadeln verschließen im nicht angesteuerten Zustand durch Federdruck getrennte Spritzlöcher. Wird der Kraftstoffdruck im Düsenbereich gesteigert, dann öffnet zunächst die Düsennadel mit dem schwächsten Federdruck, d.h. zuerst die zweite Düsennadel und bei weiter steigendem Kraftstoffdruck die Hohlnadel, um die gewünschte Einspritzmenge des Kraftstoffs zu erreichen. Diese Art der Steuerung der beiden Düsennadel ist somit ebenfalls indirekt und kann über ein Servoventil erfolgen.From the DE 27 10 138 A1 Furthermore, an injector with a register nozzle needle is known, which is used to increase the injected Fuel quantity is formed in two stages. The register nozzle needle has a hollow needle into which a second nozzle needle is inserted. Both nozzle needles close in the non-activated state by spring pressure separate injection holes. If the fuel pressure in the nozzle area increased, then first opens the nozzle needle with the weakest spring pressure, ie first the second nozzle needle and with further increasing fuel pressure, the hollow needle to achieve the desired injection quantity of the fuel. This type of control of the two nozzle needle is therefore also indirect and can be done via a servo valve.

Aus der EP 0995 901 A1 ist des weiteren ein Kraftstoffinjektor bekannt, bei dem zur Ansteuerung der Düsennadel ein piezoelektrische Aktor verwendet wird. In diesem Fall wird jedoch nur eine einfache Düsennadel verwendet, die sich im Innern des Düsenkörpers anhebt und dabei die Spritzlöcher öffnet. Der Aktor ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass die Spritzlöcher nur sicher geschlossen sind, wenn an den Aktor eine entsprechend hohe Steuerspannung U angelegt ist. In diesem Fall ist der Aktor ausgelängt und übt über eine Druckfeder eine entsprechende Kraft auf die Düsennadel auf, die zum Verschließen der Spritzlöcher führt. Hier wird zwar die Düsennadel von dem Aktor direkt gesteuert. Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass bei fehlender Steuerspannung die Spritzlöcher nicht sicher verschlossen sind, so dass in unerwünschter Weise und zu ungeeigneten Zeitpunkten Kraftstoff austreten kann.From the EP 0995901 A1 Furthermore, a fuel injector is known in which a piezoelectric actuator is used to control the nozzle needle. In this case, however, only a simple nozzle needle is used, which raises in the interior of the nozzle body and thereby opens the injection holes. The actuator is designed so that the injection holes are only closed securely when a correspondingly high control voltage U is applied to the actuator. In this case, the actuator is locked and exerts a corresponding pressure on a spring on the nozzle needle, which leads to the closing of the injection holes. Here, although the nozzle needle is controlled directly by the actuator. The disadvantage, however, is that in the absence of control voltage, the injection holes are not securely closed, so that in an undesirable manner and at inappropriate times fuel can escape.

Der erfindungsgemäße Injektor zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung in den Verbrennungsmotor mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass einerseits eine Register-Düsennadel mit einer hohen Einspritzmenge verwendet werden kann. Andererseits wird die Register-Düsennadel durch eine mechanische Kopplung von einem Aktor direkt gesteuert, so dass kein Servoventil erforderlich ist. Als besonders vorteilhaft wird dabei angesehen, dass der Aktor sehr einfach durch eine angelegte Steuerspannung gesteuert werden kann, so dass beide Nadeln ganz gezielt betätigt werden können. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, in jeder Betriebsituation des Motors eine optimale Kraftstoffmenge einzuspritzen.The injector according to the invention for fuel injection into the internal combustion engine having the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that on the one hand, a register-nozzle needle can be used with a high injection quantity. On the other hand, the register nozzle needle is directly controlled by a mechanical coupling of an actuator, so that no servo valve is required. It is considered to be particularly advantageous that the actuator is controlled very simply by an applied control voltage can, so that both needles can be specifically controlled. In this way, it is possible to inject an optimal amount of fuel in every operating situation of the engine.

Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Injektors gegeben. Als besonders vorteilhaft wird angesehen, dass bei einer nach innen öffnenden Register-Düsennadel zwischen dem Aktor und der Düsennadel eine Umlenkeinrichtung angeordnet ist. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass die Spritzlöcher der beiden Stufen bei deaktiviertem Aktor sicher verschlossen sind, so dass der Kraftstoff nur dann austreten kann, wenn der Aktor angesteuert wird. Ein für den Motor gefährliches Tropfen oder Nachlaufen von Kraftstoff wird damit vorteilhaft verhindert.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the main claim injector are given. It is considered to be particularly advantageous that a deflection device is arranged between the actuator and the nozzle needle in the case of an inwardly opening register nozzle needle. This ensures that the spray holes of the two stages are safely closed when the actuator is deactivated, so that the fuel can only escape when the actuator is actuated. A dangerous for the engine dripping or running of fuel is thus advantageously prevented.

Die Umlenkeinrichtung kann im einfachsten Fall mit einem Hebel realisiert werden, an dessen einem Ende der Aktor drückt und dessen zweites Ende die Düsennadel anhebt. Als Widerlager für den Hebel wird der Düsenkörper genutzt, so dass sich eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Düsenkörper und der Düsennadel ergibt. Diese Lösung ist sehr kostengünstig herstellbar.The deflection device can be realized in the simplest case with a lever, at one end of the actuator presses and the second end raises the nozzle needle. As an abutment for the lever of the nozzle body is used, so that there is a relative movement between the nozzle body and the nozzle needle. This solution is very inexpensive to produce.

Um die engen Raumverhältnisse im Injektor ausnutzen zu können wird vorteilhaft zwischen dem Injektor und der Umlenkeinrichtung eine Hülse angeordnet. Der Injektor kann über die Hülse auf den Hebel drücken. Das zweite Ende des Hebels drückt dann von unten gegen eine Bundplatte der Register-Düsennadel, so dass diese sich aus ihrem Sitz heben kann. Auf diese Weise wird eine sehr einfache Umkehrung zum Öffnen der beiden Stufen der Düsennadeln erzielt.To be able to take advantage of the narrow space in the injector, a sleeve is advantageously arranged between the injector and the deflection device. The injector can press over the sleeve on the lever. The second end of the lever then presses from below against a collar plate of the register nozzle needle, so that it can lift out of its seat. In this way, a very simple reversal to open the two stages of the nozzle needles is achieved.

Eine vorteilhafte Lösung wird auch darin gesehen, die zentrale Düsennadel mit einer Bundplatte auszubilden, die die Bundplatte der Hohlnadel teilweise überdeckt und einen vorgegebenen Abstand zu ihr aufweist. Dadurch ergibt sich eine sehr einfache Betätigungsmöglichkeit für die zentrale Düsennadel, da diese automatisch mitgenommen wird, sobald die Hohlnadel den vorgegebenen Abstand überwunden hat.An advantageous solution is also seen to form the central nozzle needle with a collar plate which partially covers the collar plate of the hollow needle and has a predetermined distance to it. This results in a very simple operation possibility for the central nozzle needle, as this is automatically taken as soon as the hollow needle has overcome the predetermined distance.

Eine günstige Lösung besteht auch darin, beide Düsennadeln durch getrennte Hebel unabhängig voneinander zu betätigen. Dadurch kann beispielsweise ein unterschiedlicher Hub für die beiden Hebel erreicht werden.A favorable solution is also to actuate both nozzle needles by separate levers independently. As a result, for example, a different stroke for the two levers can be achieved.

Alternativ kann an Stelle des Hebels auch ein hydraulischer Umsetzer verwendet werden.Alternatively, instead of the lever, a hydraulic converter can also be used.

Da beide Düsennadeln der Register-Düsennadel mit einer Druckfeder gegen die Spritzlöcher gedrückt werden, ist bei stromlosem Aktor ein sicherer Verschluss der Spritzlöcher gegeben. Des weiteren ist durch die Federn sichergestellt, dass zwischen dem Aktor und der Register-Düsennadel kein mechanisches Spiel besteht, so dass die Aktorbewegung direkt auf die Düsennadeln übertragen werden kann.Since both nozzle needles of the register nozzle needle are pressed with a compression spring against the spray holes, a safe closure of the injection holes is given in de-energized actuator. Furthermore, it is ensured by the springs that there is no mechanical play between the actuator and the register nozzle needle, so that the actuator movement can be transmitted directly to the nozzle needles.

Eine vorteilhafte Lösung wird auch in einem hydraulischen Spielausgleich gesehen, der vorzugsweise als hydraulisches Lager ausgebildet ist. Mit dem hydraulischen Lager wird vorteilhaft ein Spiel ausgeglichen.An advantageous solution is also seen in a hydraulic clearance compensation, which is preferably designed as a hydraulic bearing. With the hydraulic bearing is advantageously compensated for a game.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Injektor für die Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit einem piezoelektrischen Aktor auszubilden, der eine Register-Düsennadel direkt betätigt. Diese Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst.The invention is based on the object to form an injector for fuel injection with a piezoelectric actuator, which actuates a register nozzle needle directly. This object is achieved with the features of the main claim.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
  • Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Düsenkörper,
  • Figur 3 zeigt ausschnittsweise einen Düsenkörper mit einer Register-Düsennadel und
  • Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Umlenkeinrichtung, die einen hydraulischen Umsetzer aufweist.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a nozzle body,
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of a nozzle body with a register nozzle needle and
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment with a deflection device having a hydraulic converter.

Bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung gemäß Figur 1 ist zunächst ein Injektorgehäuse 1 erkennbar, das im oberen Teil einen Hochdruckanschluss 12 für die Kraftstoffzufuhr aufweist. Am unteren Ende ist ein Düsenkörper 4 mittels einer Düsenspannmutter 6 auf das Injektorgehäuse 1 geschraubt. In dem Düsenkörper 4 ist im Innern eine Register-Düsennadel 5 angeordnet, auf in Figur 3 noch näher erläutert wird.In the first embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1 is first an injector 1 recognizable, which has a high pressure port 12 for the fuel supply in the upper part. At the lower end, a nozzle body 4 is screwed by means of a nozzle lock nut 6 on the Injektorgehäuse 1. In the nozzle body 4, a register-nozzle needle 5 is disposed in the interior, in FIG. 3 will be explained in more detail.

Innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses 1 ist entlang der zentralen Achse im oberen Teil ein hydraulischer Spielausgleich 2 vorgesehen, der zum Beispiel als hydraulisches Lager im offenen System ausgebildet ist und somit auftretende Leckagen ausgleicht. Das untere Ende des hydraulischen Lagers 2 wird von einer Bodenplatte abgeschlossen, an die der obere Teil eines piezoelektrischen Aktors 3 befestigt ist.Within the injector housing 1, a hydraulic clearance compensation 2 is provided along the central axis in the upper part, which is designed for example as a hydraulic bearing in the open system and thus compensates for leaks occurring. The lower end of the hydraulic bearing 2 is closed by a bottom plate to which the upper part of a piezoelectric actuator 3 is attached.

Nach unten hin ist der Aktor 3 mit einer Bodenplatte 7 abgeschlossen, die über eine Hülse 8 auf eine Umlenkeinrichtung 9 wirkt. Beim Anlegen einer Steuerspannung an den Aktor 3 verlängert sich dieser entsprechend und drückt dann über die Hülse 8 auf die Umlenkeinrichtung 9, die in diesem Fall im wesentlichen aus zwei Hebeln gebildet wird. Im Prinzip genügt ein Hebel. Aus Gründen einer symmetrischen Belastung wurden hier jedoch zwei Hebel 9 vorgesehen, die an entsprechende zwei Seiten einer Bundplatte 10 einer Register-Düsennadel 5 anliegen. Die Hebel 9 sind dabei so ausgebildet, dass die Hülse 8 mit ihrem unteren Rand auf die äußere Auflagefläche der Hebel 9 drückt, während die innere Auflageflächen von unten gegen die Bundplatte 10 drückt. Die Hebel 9 stützen sich mit ihrem Widerlager auf dem Düsenkörper 4 ab. Bei der Konstruktion der Hebel kann natürlich das Hebelverhältnis genutzt werden, um beispielsweise den Hub der Register-Düsennadel 5 zu vergrößern.Downwards, the actuator 3 is closed with a bottom plate 7, which acts on a deflecting device 9 via a sleeve 8. Upon application of a control voltage to the actuator 3, this lengthens accordingly and then presses on the sleeve 8 on the deflection device 9, which is formed in this case essentially of two levers. In principle, a lever is enough. For reasons of a symmetrical load, however, two levers 9 were provided here, which bear against corresponding two sides of a collar plate 10 of a register nozzle needle 5. The levers 9 are designed so that the sleeve 8 presses with its lower edge on the outer bearing surface of the lever 9, while the inner bearing surfaces from below against the collar plate 10 presses. The lever 9 are based on their abutment on the nozzle body 4. In the construction of the lever, of course, the lever ratio can be used to increase, for example, the stroke of the register nozzle needle 5.

Zwischen der Bodenplatte 7 und der Bundplatte 10 ist innerhalb der Hülse 8 eine Druckfeder 11 angeordnet, die dafür sorgt, dass einerseits die Hubübertragung des Aktors 3 spielfrei ist. Andererseits wird durch die Federkraft bei nicht aktiviertem Aktor 3, d.h. bei stromlosem Aktor 3 die Register-Düsennadeln 5 gegen die entsprechenden Spritzlöcher 16,19 gedrückt, so dass diese kraftstoffdicht verschlossen sind. Zusätzlich zur Druckfeder 11 wirkt noch die hydraulische Kraft des Kraftstoffdruckes als Schließkraft. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass das Antriebssystem mit der Bodenplatte 7, den Hebeln 9 und der Bundplatte 10 der Register-Düsennadel 5 immer spielfreien Kontakt haben.Between the bottom plate 7 and the collar plate 10, a compression spring 11 is disposed within the sleeve 8, which ensures that on the one hand, the stroke transmission of the actuator 3 is free of play. On the other hand, by the spring force when the actuator 3 is not activated, i. in de-energized actuator 3, the register-nozzle needles 5 pressed against the corresponding injection holes 16,19 so that they are sealed fuel-tight. In addition to the compression spring 11, the hydraulic force of the fuel pressure still acts as a closing force. This ensures that the drive system with the bottom plate 7, the levers 9 and the collar plate 10 of the register nozzle needle 5 always have play-free contact.

Im rechten oberen Teil der Figur 1 ist (ohne Bezugszeichen) ein elektrischer Anschluss für den Aktor 3 vorgesehen. Der Kraftstoff fließt über den Hochdruckanschluss 12 des Injektorgehäuses 1 und strömt am hydraulischen Spielausgleich 2 und dem Aktor 3 vorbei zur Düsenbaugruppe 4,5. Um zur Düsenspitze zu gelangen, ist eine Düsennadelführung 13 vorgesehen, die vier geschliffene Schlüsselflächen aufweist. Zum besseren Verständnis ist in Figur 2 ein Querschnitt des Düsenkörpers 4 dargestellt. Der Querschnitt wurde in Höhe der Schnittlinie A-A (Figur 1) gezeichnet. Er zeigt zunächst die ringförmige Düsenspannmutter 6, die den Düsenkörper 4 umschließt. Im Zentrum ist die Register-Düsennadel 5 zu erkennen sowie die vier angeschliffenen Schlüsselflächen, an die der Kraftstoff vorbeifließen kann.In the upper right part of the FIG. 1 is provided (without reference numeral) an electrical connection for the actuator 3. The fuel flows via the high-pressure port 12 of the injector housing 1 and flows past the hydraulic lash adjuster 2 and the actuator 3 to the nozzle assembly 4, 5. To get to the nozzle tip, a nozzle needle guide 13 is provided which has four ground key surfaces. For better understanding is in FIG. 2 a cross section of the nozzle body 4 is shown. The cross section was at the level of the section line AA ( FIG. 1 ) drawn. He first shows the annular nozzle lock nut 6, which encloses the nozzle body 4. In the center of the register-nozzle needle 5 can be seen as well as the four ground flats to which the fuel can flow.

Figur 3 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, bei der der Düsenkörper 4 der Figur 1 ersetzt wurde. In Figur 3 wurde der Düsenkörper 4 mit einer Register-Düsennadel 5 ausschnittsweise dargestellt. Die Register-Düsennadel 5 besteht aus einer Hohlnadel 15 und einer zentralen Düsennadel 17, die koaxial zusammengesetzt sind und jeweils eine Bundplatte 14 beziehungsweise 18 aufweisen. Die Bundplatte 18 der zentralen Düsennadel 17 ragt mit einem vorgegebenen Abstand s über die Bundplatte 14 der Hohlnadel 15 heraus und überdeckt diese wenigstens teilweise. Die Länge der beiden Düsennadeln ist so bemessen, dass bei geschlossenen Spritzlöchern 16,19 die Bundplatte 18 um den vorgegebenen Abstand s herausragt. Die zentrale Düsennadel 17 kann sich somit erst dann bewegen, wenn die Hohlnadel 15 einen dem Abstand s entsprechenden Hub vollzogen hat. Danach wird die zentrale Düsennadel 17 mitgerissen. FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which the nozzle body 4 of FIG. 1 was replaced. In FIG. 3 was the nozzle body 4 with a register-nozzle needle. 5 shown in detail. The register nozzle needle 5 consists of a hollow needle 15 and a central nozzle needle 17, which are coaxially assembled and each having a collar plate 14 and 18 respectively. The collar plate 18 of the central nozzle needle 17 protrudes at a predetermined distance s over the collar plate 14 of the hollow needle 15 and covers it at least partially. The length of the two nozzle needles is dimensioned such that with closed spray holes 16,19 the collar plate 18 protrudes by the predetermined distance s. The central nozzle needle 17 can thus only move when the hollow needle 15 has completed a distance s corresponding stroke. Thereafter, the central nozzle needle 17 is entrained.

Wie Figur 3 weiter entnehmbar ist, sind zwei Druckfedern 20,21 vorgesehen, die auf die entsprechenden Bundplatten 14,18 drücken. Sie halten damit im stromlosen Zustand des Aktors die Spritzlöcher 16,19 geschlossen. Als Ventilantrieb kann wieder die zu Figur 1 beschriebene Umlenkeinrichtung 9 verwendet werden, die dann wieder unterhalb der Bundplatte 14 ansetzt und diese bei Ausdehnung des Aktors nach oben drückt.As FIG. 3 is further removed, two compression springs 20,21 are provided which press on the corresponding collar plates 14,18. They thus keep the spray holes 16,19 closed in the de-energized state of the actuator. As valve drive can again to FIG. 1 described deflecting device 9 are used, which then attaches again below the collar plate 14 and this presses upon expansion of the actuator upwards.

Bezüglich der Funktionsweise kann nun mit der Amplitude einer Steuerspannung am Aktor der Hub der beiden Düsennadeln 15,17 gesteuert werden. Bei kleinerer Steuerspannung bewegt sich zunächst nur die Hohlnadel 15, bis ihr Hub dem Abstand s entspricht. Bei Steigerung der Steuerspannung wird dann die zentrale Düsennadel 17 mitgerissen und somit alle Spritzlöcher 16,19 der beiden Stufen geöffnet.With regard to the mode of operation, the stroke of the two nozzle needles 15, 17 can now be controlled with the amplitude of a control voltage on the actuator. With a smaller control voltage, initially only the hollow needle 15 moves until its stroke corresponds to the distance s. When increasing the control voltage then the central nozzle needle 17 is entrained and thus opened all the injection ports 16,19 of the two stages.

In alternativer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist auch vorgesehen, für jede Düsenadel 15,17 getrennte Hebel 9 vorzusehen, die dann entsprechend ausgebildet sind. Dadurch lassen sich vorteilhaft die beiden Düsennadeln 15,17 auch mit einem unterschiedlichen Hub steuern.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is also provided to provide for each nozzle needle 15,17 separate lever 9, which are then designed accordingly. As a result, the two nozzle needles 15, 17 can advantageously also be controlled with a different stroke.

Figur 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung für eine direkte Betätigung der Register-Düsennadel 5. Hier wurden die Hebel der Umlenkeinrichtung 9 durch einen hydraulischen Umsetzer ersetzt. Ausgehend von dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 3 ist nun die Bodenplatte des Aktors 3 als Aktorkolben 23 ausgebildet, die bei Verlängerung des Aktors 3 auf eine mit Kraftstoff gefüllte Druckkammer 22 drückt. Entsprechend dem Druck fließt nun der Kraftstoff über eine Verbindungsleitung 24 in eine Hubkammer 25, die die Hohlnadel 15 ringförmig umschließt. Die Bundplatte 14 der Hohlnadel 15 ist in diesem Fall ebenfalls als Kolben ausgebildet, der zunächst die Hohlnadel 15 und dann die zentrale Düsennadel 17 mitreißt, wie zu vor beschrieben wurde. Die übrigen Teile dieser Figur 4 wurden bereits zu Figur 3 erläutert. FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention for a direct actuation of the register nozzle needle 5. Here, the lever of the deflector 9 were replaced by a hydraulic converter. Starting from the embodiment of FIG. 3 Now, the bottom plate of the actuator 3 is formed as an actuator piston 23 which presses upon extension of the actuator 3 to a pressure chamber 22 filled with fuel. According to the pressure, the fuel then flows via a connecting line 24 into a lifting chamber 25, which surrounds the hollow needle 15 in an annular manner. The collar plate 14 of the hollow needle 15 is also formed in this case as a piston, the first entrains the hollow needle 15 and then the central nozzle needle 17, as previously described. The remaining parts of this FIG. 4 were already too FIG. 3 explained.

Claims (10)

  1. Injector for fuel injection into an internal combustion engine, having a register nozzle needle (5) consisting of a hollow needle (15) and a central nozzle needle (17) which are combined coaxially, which register nozzle needle (5) is arranged in an axial hole of a nozzle body (4) and, in the non-actuated state, closes the existing spray holes (16, 19) of the nozzle body (4) by means of a compression spring (11), characterized in that a preferably piezoelectric actuator (3) is arranged above the register nozzle needle (5), in that the actuator (3) is coupled directly and mechanically to the register nozzle needle (5), and in that the actuator (3) is configured for actuating the hollow needle (15) and the nozzle needle (17) in stages as a function of an applied control voltage.
  2. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of an inwardly opening register nozzle needle (5), a deflection device (9) is arranged between the actuator (3) and the nozzle needle (5).
  3. Injector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the deflection device (9) has a lever, and in that the lever is supported against the nozzle body (4).
  4. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever can be actuated by a sleeve (8) which is connected to the movable end of the actuator (3), and in that the lever (9) presses from below against a flange plate (10) of the register nozzle needle (5).
  5. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central nozzle needle (17) has a flange plate (18) and the hollow needle (15) has a flange plate (14), the flange plate (18) of the nozzle needle (15) covering the flange plate (14) of the hollow needle (15) at least partially and being at a predefined spacing S from it.
  6. Injector according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the register nozzle needle (5) is configured in such a way that, after raising of the hollow needle (15) by the predefined spacing S, the central nozzle needle (17) is likewise raised.
  7. Injector according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each of the two nozzle needles (15, 17) can be actuated independently of one another by separate levers (9).
  8. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deflection device (9) has a hydraulic converter (22 to 25) instead of the levers.
  9. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each nozzle needle (15, 17) has a compression spring (20, 21) which, when the actuator (3) is currentless, presses the nozzle needles (15, 17) against the spray holes (16, 19) and closes the latter in a fuel-tight manner.
  10. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a hydraulic play compensation means (2), preferably a hydraulic bearing, is arranged in the highpressure region above the actuator (3).
EP03767443A 2002-11-20 2003-11-20 Injector with a directly-actuated compound nozzle needle for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related EP1563182B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10254186 2002-11-20
DE2002154186 DE10254186A1 (en) 2002-11-20 2002-11-20 Injector with a directly driven register nozzle needle for fuel injection into an internal combustion engine
PCT/DE2003/003850 WO2004046540A1 (en) 2002-11-20 2003-11-20 Injector with a directly-actuated compound nozzle needle for fuel injection in an internal combustion engine

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EP1563182A1 EP1563182A1 (en) 2005-08-17
EP1563182B1 true EP1563182B1 (en) 2012-01-11

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DE10254186A1 (en) 2004-06-17
EP1563182A1 (en) 2005-08-17

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