JP4079578B2 - Fuel injection device - Google Patents

Fuel injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4079578B2
JP4079578B2 JP2000187466A JP2000187466A JP4079578B2 JP 4079578 B2 JP4079578 B2 JP 4079578B2 JP 2000187466 A JP2000187466 A JP 2000187466A JP 2000187466 A JP2000187466 A JP 2000187466A JP 4079578 B2 JP4079578 B2 JP 4079578B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel
pressure
chamber
needle
housing
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000187466A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002004970A (en
Inventor
正孝 錦織
弘芝 松岡
二郎 高木
久 大木
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Toyota Motor Corp
Soken Inc
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Nippon Soken Inc
Toyota Motor Corp
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Priority to JP2000187466A priority Critical patent/JP4079578B2/en
Priority to EP20010115087 priority patent/EP1167746B1/en
Priority to DE2001606523 priority patent/DE60106523T8/en
Publication of JP2002004970A publication Critical patent/JP2002004970A/en
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Publication of JP4079578B2 publication Critical patent/JP4079578B2/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/06Other fuel injectors peculiar thereto
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関のコモンレール燃料噴射システムに好適に用いられる燃料噴射装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来技術として、特開平11−200981号公報に記載されるピエゾ駆動式の燃料噴射装置があり、コモンレール内の高圧燃料を内燃機関の各気筒に噴射供給するために用いられている。図5に示すように、この燃料噴射装置は、ハウジング100の上半部内に収容したピエゾスタック102を伸縮させることにより、制御室101内の燃料を増減し、これに伴ってニードル103を駆動する構成を有している。制御室101はレギュレータを介して高圧ポンプに連通し、ピエゾスタック102の収縮時にほぼコモンレール圧となるように制御されている。この時、ニードル103は、下端部103cがシート部111に着座して、燃料溜まり105と噴孔112の連通を遮断している。
【0003】
ニードル103は、中間部103bがハウジング100の第1ガイド穴104内に摺動可能に保持され、大径の上端部103aが第2ガイド穴106内に摺動可能に位置している。上端部103a上方のスプリング室107には、スプリング109が収容されて、ニードル103に閉弁方向の力を作用させている。一方、ニードル103には、上端部103aと中間部103bの段差面110に加わる制御室101内の燃料圧、中間部103bと下端部103cの段差面108に加わる燃料溜まり105の燃料圧、および下端部103cの直径とシート部の直径の差に相当する面積に加わる燃料溜まり105の燃料圧とによる開弁方向の力が作用しており、この開弁力が、スプリング109の閉弁力を上回るとニードル103がリフトする。
【0004】
従来の燃料噴射装置の作動を図6のタイムチャートに基づいて説明する。図中、時間(1) は駆動回路から電圧が印加されてピエゾスタック102が伸長を始める時間を、時間(2) はニードル103がリフトを開始する時間を、時間(3) はニードル103のリフト量が最大になる時間を示している。図6(a)において、ピエゾスタック102が収縮状態にある、時間(1) 以前では、スプリング109による閉弁方向の力が、開弁方向に作用する力の総和より大きく、ニードル103はシート部111に押圧されて閉弁している。また、制御室101および燃料溜まり105内はコモンレール圧に保たれている。時間(1) において、ピエゾスタック102が伸び始めると、制御室101内の容積が減少して圧力が上昇し、段差面110に作用する開弁方向の力が次第に増加する。
【0005】
時間(2) で開弁方向の力の総和が閉弁方向の力より大きくなると、ニードル103がシート部111から離れてリフトし始め、燃料の噴射が開始される。時間(2) から時間(3) にかけて、制御室101の圧力はスプリング109が収縮することによる反発力の増加により徐々に増加する。時間(3) でピエゾスタック102の伸び量が最大になり、ニードル103のリフト量が最大になる。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記構成の燃料噴射装置では、上述したように、開弁方向に作用する力を燃料圧が受持ち、閉弁方向に作用する力をスプリング109が受持つ構造となっている。ところが、この構造では、制御室101および燃料溜まり105の圧力がコモンレール圧によって変動し、図6(a)に示すように、コモンレール圧が高くなると、制御室101および燃料溜まり105の圧力が増加して開弁方向の力が増加する。このため、装置によって異なるコモンレールの設定圧に合わせて、閉弁方向に作用する力を受持つスプリング力を増加させる、つまりスプリング109を交換する必要が生じる。
【0007】
一方、図6(b)に示すように、スプリング109を交換せずに設定圧の変化に対応した場合を考えると、コモンレール圧が高い状態でも閉弁を維持する必要から、スプリング109は閉弁力(スプリング力)の大きいものを用いる必要がある。この時、コモンレール圧が低い状態では、閉弁力が燃料圧による開弁力よりはるかに大きくなり、時間 (2)´で開弁するまでに必要な制御室101圧力の増加量が大きくなる。つまり、制御室101の容積を大きく減少させる必要があるために、ピエゾスタック102の伸び量が大きくなり、ピエゾスタック102を含む駆動部の体格が大きくなって、装置全体が大型化する問題がある。
【0008】
そこで、本発明では、コモンレールに設定圧に応じてスプリング109を変更する必要がなく、かつ開弁に必要な制御室の圧力の増加量を一定にすることで、開弁に必要なピエゾスタックの伸び量を最小にし、装置の小型化を可能にすることにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の請求項1の燃料噴射装置は、ハウジング内に、噴孔を開閉するニードルに開弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる制御室と、上記ニードルに閉弁方向の付勢力を作用させるスプリング部材を有し、該制御室内の燃料をピエゾ駆動部により加圧して上記ニードルをリフトさせるものである。そして、上記ニードルと一体に摺動するピストン部材を設けて、該ピストン部材の下端面に上記制御室内の燃料圧を作用させる一方、上端面に閉弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる背圧室を設けて、該背圧室を燃料供給路を介して上記ハウジング外部の燃料通路に連通させ、かつ上記ハウジング内の、上記燃料供給路より上記噴孔に近い位置に上記噴孔に供給する燃料を蓄える蓄圧室を設けて、上記背圧室と上記蓄圧室とを連絡穴にて連通させるとともに、上記連通穴を複数設けたことを特徴とする。
【0010】
上記構成によれば、上記ニードルと一体のピストン部材の上端面に、閉弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる背圧室を設けたので、開弁方向の燃料圧とほぼバランスし、上記ニードルには、上記スプリング部材の閉弁力のみが作用する。よって、コモンレール圧の設定圧変化に応じて、上記スプリング部材を変更する必要がなく、開弁に必要な制御室の圧力増加量を一定とできる。しかも、上記背圧室を連絡穴にて上記蓄圧室に連通させたので、例えば、上記ピストン部材の移動に伴い上記背圧室の容積が縮小しても、上記背圧室内の燃料が上記連絡穴から上記蓄圧室に排出されて、上記背圧室の圧力上昇を抑制する。従って、上記ニードルを速やかにリフトさせることができ、開弁に必要なピエゾの伸び量を最小にして、ピエゾ駆動部の体格を小型にすることができる。また、上記連絡穴を複数設けたことにより、開弁時の上記背圧室から上記蓄圧室への燃料の排出、あるいは、閉弁時の上記蓄圧室から上記背圧室への燃料の導入がより速やかになされる。
【0011】
請求項2の構成では、ハウジング内に、噴孔を開閉するニードルに開弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる制御室と、上記ニードルに閉弁方向の付勢力を作用させるスプリング部材を有し、該制御室内の燃料をピエゾ駆動部により加圧して上記ニードルをリフトさせる燃料噴射装置において、上記ニードルと一体に摺動するピストン部材を設けて、該ピストン部材の下端面に上記制御室内の燃料圧を作用させる一方、上端面に閉弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる背圧室を設けて、該背圧室を燃料供給路を介して上記ハウジング外部の燃料通路に連通させ、かつ上記ハウジング内の、上記燃料供給路より上記噴孔に近い位置に上記噴孔に供給する燃料を蓄える蓄圧室を設けて、上記背圧室と上記蓄圧室とを連絡穴にて連通させる。そして、上記蓄圧室を、上記ニードルまたは上記ニードルと上記ピストン部材を連結する軸部材の外周に設け、上記蓄圧室内に上記スプリング部材を配設したことを特徴とする。このようにすると、上記請求項1と同様に、上記ニードルを速やかにリフトさせることができ、開弁に必要なピエゾの伸び量を最小にして、ピエゾ駆動部の体格を小型にすることができるとともに、ハウジング径を大きくすることなく、上記蓄圧室の容積を確保でき、装置の小型化が可能である。
【0012】
請求項3の構成では、請求項2の構成において、上記連通穴を複数設ける。これにより、開弁時の上記背圧室から上記蓄圧室への燃料の排出、あるいは、閉弁時の上記蓄圧室から上記背圧室への燃料の導入がより速やかになされる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図1、2により本発明の第1の実施の形態を説明する。図1は、本実施の形態の燃料噴射装置の全体構成図で、高圧ポンプで加圧した高圧燃料をコモンレールに蓄圧し、エンジンの各気筒に対応して設けたインジェクタIに供給する構成を有している。高圧ポンプには図略の燃料タンクからフィードポンプを経て燃料が供給される。インジェクタIは、ピストン部材である変位拡大ピストン2が摺動自在に配設される本体ハウジング1を有し、ハウジング1の下端にはニードル3を収容するノズルボデー31が、上端にはピエゾ駆動部4を構成するピエゾスタック41を収容するピエゾカバー42が固定してある。ノズルボデー31はノズルリテーナ32で、ピエゾカバー42はリテーナ43を用いてハウジング1にそれぞれ固定される。
【0014】
ピエゾ駆動部4は、ハウジング1の上端開口部内に嵌着される容器状のホルダ44と、ホルダ44内に収容されるピストン45を有する。ホルダ44の上端面はピエゾカバー42の下端面に当接している。リテーナ43はこれらピエゾカバー42およびホルダ44に外挿されてハウジング1に螺結されており、ピエゾカバー42およびホルダ44には下向きの力が作用してハウジング1に密着している。ピストン45はホルダ44内周面とわずかなクリアランスを有して摺動可能であり、その上面はピエゾスタック41の下面に当接している。そして、ピストン45下面とホルダ44との空間46に配したスプリング47の付勢力がピストン45を介してピエゾスタック41に上向きに作用してピエゾスタック41上面をピエゾカバー42頂面に密着させている。よって、外部の駆動回路により、ピエゾスタック41上面に接続するリード線48を介してピエゾスタック41を伸縮させると、これと密着を保持しつつピストン45が一体に上下動する。
【0015】
筒状のノズルボデー31は、リテーナ32から突出する先端部に噴孔33を有し、ニードル3がシート面34に着座することにより噴孔33とその上流側とを遮断するようになしてある。ニードル3の上端は、変位拡大ピストン2の下面に一体に設けた軸部材2aの下端に、コネクタ21によって連結されており、連結端面を密着させていることによりニードル3と変位拡大ピストン2は一体となって上下動する。ハウジング1の下半部内には、小径の軸部材2a周りに高圧燃料を蓄える蓄圧室11が形成してあり、ニードル3とノズルボデー31との間隙によって形成される燃料溜まり35に高圧燃料を供給している。
【0016】
蓄圧室11内は、仕切り部材12によって上下に区画され、スプリング室を兼ねる下室内には、変位拡大ピストン2周りにスプリング13が配設されて、変位拡大ピストン2およびこれと一体のニードル3を下方(すなわち閉弁方向)に付勢している。蓄圧室11の上下室は仕切り部材12に設けた複数の通路14によって連通している。
【0017】
軸部材2aは、上端部が、蓄圧室11上方の第1のガイド穴15内にわずかなクリアランスを有して摺動可能に保持されており、第1のガイド穴15の上方に設けた大径の第2のガイド穴16内に、軸部材2aより大径の変位拡大ピストン2が位置している。この変位拡大ピストン2の下面2bと、軸部材2a、第2のガイド穴16の底部内壁面との間に形成される環状空間によって、制御室5が形成され、制御室5はハウジング1およびホルダ44内に形成される連通路51を介して、ピストン45下方の空間46に連通している。制御室5と連通路51および空間46は、図略のオリフィス通路を介してコモンレールから供給される高圧燃料が満たされ、変位拡大ピストン2に対し上向き(開弁方向)の燃料圧を作用させている。
【0018】
変位拡大ピストン2の上面2cと、第2のガイド穴16の上部内壁面との間に形成される空間は、背圧室6としてある。この背圧室6は、ハウジング側方に突出する燃料供給路17、およびバーフィルタ18を介してコモンレールに連通し、コモンレールから供給される高圧燃料によって、変位拡大ピストン2に対し下向き(閉弁方向)の燃料圧を作用させている。また、蓄圧室11から上方に延びる連絡穴22が、背圧室6近傍にて燃料供給路17に接続し、この連絡穴22により背圧室6と蓄圧室11とが連通している。
【0019】
上記構成の燃料噴射装置の作動を図2のタイムチャートを用いて説明する。図において、時間▲1▼より以前は、駆動回路からピエゾスタック41への電圧が印加がなく、ピエゾスタック41は収縮している。この時、制御室5と背圧室6および蓄圧室11内の圧力はコモンレール内の圧力と等しく、変位拡大ピストン2の上面2cに作用する背圧室6内の燃料圧による閉弁方向の力と、下面2bに作用する制御室5内の燃料圧、ニードル2とシート面34の直径差に相当する面積に作用する燃料溜まり35内の燃料圧による開弁方向の力とは、ほぼバランスしている。従って、ニードル2には、スプリング13の付勢力による閉弁方向の力のみが作用し、ニードル2がシート部34に着座するため、燃料の噴射は行われない。
【0020】
次いで、ニードル2を開弁させるべく、時間▲1▼においてピエゾスタック41への印加電圧を増加させると、ピエゾスタック41が伸長し、これと一体のピストン45がスプリング47の付勢力に抗して下方に移動する。これに伴いピストン45下方の空間46の容積が減少し、連通路51を介してこれと連通する制御室5内の圧力が上昇して、変位拡大ピストン2の下面2bに作用する開弁方向の力が増加する。この開弁方向の力が、スプリング13による閉弁方向の力より大きくなると、時間▲2▼で、変位拡大ピストン2がリフトし始める。同時に、変位拡大ピストン2と一体のニードル2がリフトを開始し、シート面34から離れると、蓄圧室11から燃料溜まり35に供給される燃料が噴孔33から噴射される。
【0021】
ここで、変位拡大ピストン2がリフトを開始すると、背圧室6の容積が減少して圧力が増加するが、本発明では、背圧室6が連絡穴22を介して蓄圧室11と連通させているため、変位拡大ピストン2に作用する閉弁方向の圧力増加が抑制される。すなわち、ニードル2がリフトして燃料が噴射されることによって、蓄圧室11内の圧力が減少するため、連絡穴22の径を十分大きくすれば、背圧室6の燃料を速やかに蓄圧室11に排出することができる。よって、変位拡大ピストン2に作用する閉弁方向の圧力増加を抑制し、瞬間的なピエゾスタック41の動きに合わせた変位拡大ピストン2のリフトが可能になる。
【0022】
しかも、コモンレール圧の設定圧が変化した場合でも、変位拡大ピストン2に作用する開弁方向の燃料圧と閉弁方向の燃料圧とはバランスされており、スプリング13の閉弁方向の力のみが変位拡大ピストン2に作用することになる。よって、コモンレール圧にかかわらず、必要な制御室5の圧力増加量を一定とすることができ、時間▲3▼でピエゾスタック102の伸び量が最大になり、ニードル103のリフト量が最大になる。従って、コモンレール圧に応じてスプリング13を変更する必要がなく、ピエゾスタック41の伸び量が最小となるようにスプリング力を設定して、ピエゾ駆動部の体格を小型にすることができる。また、蓄圧室11を軸部材2a周りに設け、スプリング13を配設する構成としたことにより、装置全体をより小型にすることが可能である。
【0023】
図3に本発明の第2の実施の形態を示す。本実施の形態では、背圧室6と蓄圧室11を連通する連絡穴22を複数設けている。これにより、変位拡大ピストン2のリフト時に、背圧室6から蓄圧室11への燃料の排出をより速やかに行うことができる。また、図3において、背圧室6には、図示しないハウジング1内に、コモンレールから背圧室6へ至る燃料供給通路が形成されている。その他の構成は、上記第1の実施の形態と同様である。
【0024】
図4は、本発明の第2の実施の形態における作動を説明するためのタイムチャートで、第1の実施の形態と比較して示している。図中、時間▲2▼以前は、第1の実施の形態と同様である。時間▲2▼で、ニードル3がリフトを開始すると、連絡穴22を複数設けた第2の実施の形態では、背圧室6から蓄圧室11へ燃料が排出しやすいために、背圧室6の圧力上昇が小さく、制御室5の圧力上昇が速やかになされるために、第1の実施の形態よりも早い時間▲3▼´において、変位拡大ピストン2のリフト量が最大となる。
【0025】
閉弁時も同様であり、時間▲4▼でピエゾスタック41への印加電圧を減少させてこれを収縮させると、ピストン44の上方への移動に伴い、制御室5の圧力が低下して変位拡大ピストン2が下降を開始する。そして、開弁方向の力がスプリング13による閉弁方向の力より小さくなると、ニードル3がシート面34に着座して噴射が終了する。この時、変位拡大ピストン2の下降とともに、背圧室6の容積が増加するが、複数の連通穴22を有する第2の実施の形態では、容積増加分の燃料が蓄圧室11から直ちに供給されて、背圧室6の圧力低下が微小であるために、変位拡大ピストン2が速やかに下降し、ピエゾスタック41の収縮が終了する時間▲5▼より以前に、噴射が終了する。
【0026】
このように、本実施の形態によれば、開閉弁をより迅速に行うことができ、噴射特性を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態を示す、コモンレール燃料噴射装置の全体構成図である。
【図2】第1の実施の形態の作動を説明するためのタイムチャートである。
【図3】第2の実施の形態の燃料噴射装置の全体構成図である。
【図4】第2の実施の形態の作動を説明するためのタイムチャートである。
【図5】従来の燃料噴射装置の全体構成図である。
【図6】従来の燃料噴射装置の作動を説明するためのタイムチャートで、(a)はコモンレール圧が変化した場合の影響を示す図、(b)はスプリングを変更しない場合のコモンレール圧変化の影響を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
I インジェクタ
1 ハウジング
11 蓄圧室
13 スプリング(スプリング部材)
2 変位拡大ピストン(ピストン部材)
2a 軸部材
22 連絡穴
3 ニードル
31 ノズルボデー
33 噴孔
34 シート部
35 燃料溜まり
4 ピエゾ駆動部
41 ピエゾスタック
42 ピエゾカバー
45 ピストン
5 制御室
51 連通路
6 背圧室
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel injection device suitably used for a common rail fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a prior art, there is a piezo drive type fuel injection device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-200981, which is used to inject and supply high pressure fuel in a common rail to each cylinder of an internal combustion engine. As shown in FIG. 5, this fuel injection device expands and contracts the piezo stack 102 accommodated in the upper half of the housing 100 to increase or decrease the fuel in the control chamber 101 and drive the needle 103 accordingly. It has a configuration. The control chamber 101 communicates with a high-pressure pump through a regulator, and is controlled so that the common rail pressure is almost reached when the piezo stack 102 contracts. At this time, the lower end portion 103 c of the needle 103 is seated on the seat portion 111 and the communication between the fuel reservoir 105 and the injection hole 112 is blocked.
[0003]
The needle 103 is slidably held in the first guide hole 104 of the housing 100, and the large-diameter upper end 103 a is slidably positioned in the second guide hole 106. A spring 109 is accommodated in the spring chamber 107 above the upper end portion 103 a to apply a force in the valve closing direction to the needle 103. On the other hand, the needle 103 has a fuel pressure in the control chamber 101 applied to the step surface 110 between the upper end portion 103a and the intermediate portion 103b, a fuel pressure in the fuel reservoir 105 applied to the step surface 108 between the intermediate portion 103b and the lower end portion 103c, and a lower end. A force in the valve opening direction due to the fuel pressure of the fuel reservoir 105 applied to the area corresponding to the difference between the diameter of the portion 103 c and the diameter of the seat portion is acting, and this valve opening force exceeds the valve closing force of the spring 109. And the needle 103 is lifted.
[0004]
The operation of the conventional fuel injection device will be described based on the time chart of FIG. In the figure, time (1) is the time when the piezo stack 102 starts to expand when a voltage is applied from the drive circuit, time (2) is the time when the needle 103 starts to lift, and time (3) is the time when the needle 103 is lifted. Indicates the time when the amount is maximum. In FIG. 6A, before the time (1) when the piezo stack 102 is in the contracted state, the force in the valve closing direction by the spring 109 is larger than the sum of the forces acting in the valve opening direction, and the needle 103 has the seat portion. 111 is pressed and closed. Further, the control chamber 101 and the fuel reservoir 105 are maintained at a common rail pressure. When the piezo stack 102 begins to expand at time (1), the volume in the control chamber 101 decreases and the pressure increases, and the force in the valve opening direction acting on the stepped surface 110 gradually increases.
[0005]
When the sum of the force in the valve opening direction becomes larger than the force in the valve closing direction at time (2), the needle 103 starts to lift away from the seat portion 111 and fuel injection is started. From time (2) to time (3), the pressure in the control chamber 101 gradually increases as the repulsive force increases due to the spring 109 contracting. In time (3), the amount of extension of the piezo stack 102 becomes maximum and the amount of lift of the needle 103 becomes maximum.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the fuel injection device having the above configuration has a structure in which the fuel pressure receives the force acting in the valve opening direction and the spring 109 takes the force acting in the valve closing direction. However, in this structure, the pressure in the control chamber 101 and the fuel sump 105 varies depending on the common rail pressure, and as shown in FIG. 6A, the pressure in the control chamber 101 and the fuel sump 105 increases as the common rail pressure increases. As a result, the force in the valve opening direction increases. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the spring force that receives the force acting in the valve closing direction in accordance with the set pressure of the common rail that varies depending on the device, that is, to replace the spring 109.
[0007]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, considering the case where the change in the set pressure is accommodated without replacing the spring 109, the spring 109 is closed because it is necessary to maintain the valve closed even when the common rail pressure is high. It is necessary to use one with a large force (spring force). At this time, in a state where the common rail pressure is low, the valve closing force is much larger than the valve opening force due to the fuel pressure, and the amount of increase in the control chamber 101 pressure required until the valve is opened in time (2) ′ increases. That is, since it is necessary to greatly reduce the volume of the control chamber 101, the amount of elongation of the piezo stack 102 increases, and the physique of the drive unit including the piezo stack 102 increases, resulting in an increase in the size of the entire apparatus. .
[0008]
Therefore, in the present invention, it is not necessary to change the spring 109 according to the set pressure on the common rail, and the amount of increase in the pressure in the control chamber required for opening the valve is made constant, so that the piezo stack required for opening the valve is constant. The object is to minimize the amount of elongation and to reduce the size of the apparatus.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention , there is provided a fuel injection device comprising: a control chamber that applies a fuel pressure in a valve opening direction to a needle that opens and closes an injection hole in a housing; and a spring member that applies a biasing force in the valve closing direction to the needle. The fuel in the control chamber is pressurized by a piezo drive unit to lift the needle. A piston member that slides integrally with the needle is provided, and a fuel pressure in the control chamber is applied to the lower end surface of the piston member, while a back pressure chamber is provided to apply the fuel pressure in the valve closing direction to the upper end surface. The back pressure chamber is communicated with a fuel passage outside the housing through a fuel supply passage, and fuel supplied to the nozzle hole in the housing is located closer to the nozzle hole than the fuel supply passage. the accumulator is provided for storing, communicated between the back pressure chamber and the accumulation chamber at contact holes Rutotomoni, characterized in that a plurality of the communicating holes.
[0010]
According to the above configuration, since the back pressure chamber for applying the fuel pressure in the valve closing direction is provided on the upper end surface of the piston member integral with the needle, the needle is almost balanced with the fuel pressure in the valve opening direction. Only the valve closing force of the spring member acts. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the spring member in accordance with a change in the set pressure of the common rail pressure, and the amount of pressure increase in the control chamber required for valve opening can be made constant. In addition, since the back pressure chamber is communicated with the pressure accumulating chamber through the communication hole, for example, even if the volume of the back pressure chamber is reduced as the piston member moves, the fuel in the back pressure chamber is communicated with the communication. The pressure is discharged from the hole to the pressure accumulating chamber, and the pressure increase in the back pressure chamber is suppressed. Therefore, the needle can be quickly lifted, the amount of piezo elongation required for opening the valve can be minimized, and the size of the piezo drive unit can be reduced. In addition, by providing a plurality of the communication holes, it is possible to discharge fuel from the back pressure chamber to the pressure accumulation chamber when the valve is opened, or to introduce fuel from the pressure accumulation chamber to the back pressure chamber when the valve is closed. It will be done more quickly.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the housing has a control chamber that applies fuel pressure in the valve opening direction to the needle that opens and closes the nozzle hole, and a spring member that applies urging force in the valve closing direction to the needle, In the fuel injection device that lifts the needle by pressurizing the fuel in the control chamber with a piezo drive unit, a piston member that slides integrally with the needle is provided, and the fuel pressure in the control chamber is applied to the lower end surface of the piston member. On the other hand, a back pressure chamber for applying a fuel pressure in the valve closing direction is provided on the upper end surface, the back pressure chamber is communicated with a fuel passage outside the housing through a fuel supply path, and in the housing, A pressure accumulating chamber for storing fuel to be supplied to the nozzle hole is provided at a position closer to the nozzle hole than the fuel supply path, and the back pressure chamber and the pressure accumulating chamber are communicated with each other through a communication hole. The pressure accumulation chamber is provided on an outer periphery of a shaft member connecting the needle or the needle and the piston member, and the spring member is disposed in the pressure accumulation chamber. In this way, as in the first aspect, the needle can be quickly lifted, the amount of piezo elongation required for opening the valve can be minimized, and the physique of the piezo drive unit can be made smaller. In addition, the volume of the pressure accumulating chamber can be secured without increasing the housing diameter, and the apparatus can be downsized.
[0012]
In the structure of Claim 3, in the structure of Claim 2, the said communication hole is provided with two or more. Thereby, the fuel is discharged from the back pressure chamber to the pressure accumulating chamber when the valve is opened, or the fuel is introduced from the pressure accumulating chamber to the back pressure chamber when the valve is closed.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel injection device according to the present embodiment, which has a configuration in which high-pressure fuel pressurized by a high-pressure pump is accumulated in a common rail and supplied to an injector I provided corresponding to each cylinder of the engine. is doing. Fuel is supplied to the high-pressure pump from a fuel tank (not shown) via a feed pump. The injector I has a main body housing 1 in which a displacement expanding piston 2 that is a piston member is slidably disposed. A nozzle body 31 that accommodates a needle 3 is disposed at the lower end of the housing 1 and a piezo drive unit 4 is disposed at the upper end. A piezo cover 42 that accommodates the piezo stack 41 that constitutes is fixed. The nozzle body 31 is fixed to the housing 1 by a nozzle retainer 32, and the piezo cover 42 is fixed by a retainer 43.
[0014]
The piezo drive unit 4 includes a container-like holder 44 that is fitted into the upper end opening of the housing 1, and a piston 45 that is accommodated in the holder 44. The upper end surface of the holder 44 is in contact with the lower end surface of the piezo cover 42. The retainer 43 is externally attached to the piezo cover 42 and the holder 44 and is screwed to the housing 1. A downward force acts on the piezo cover 42 and the holder 44 and is in close contact with the housing 1. The piston 45 is slidable with a slight clearance from the inner peripheral surface of the holder 44, and its upper surface is in contact with the lower surface of the piezo stack 41. The urging force of the spring 47 disposed in the space 46 between the lower surface of the piston 45 and the holder 44 acts upward on the piezo stack 41 via the piston 45 to bring the upper surface of the piezo stack 41 into close contact with the top surface of the piezo cover 42. . Therefore, when the piezo stack 41 is expanded and contracted by the external drive circuit via the lead wire 48 connected to the upper surface of the piezo stack 41, the piston 45 moves up and down integrally while maintaining close contact therewith.
[0015]
The cylindrical nozzle body 31 has a nozzle hole 33 at a tip portion protruding from the retainer 32, and the needle 3 is seated on the seat surface 34, thereby blocking the nozzle hole 33 and its upstream side. The upper end of the needle 3 is connected by a connector 21 to the lower end of a shaft member 2a provided integrally with the lower surface of the displacement expansion piston 2, and the needle 3 and the displacement expansion piston 2 are integrally formed by closely contacting the connection end surface. And move up and down. In the lower half of the housing 1, a pressure accumulating chamber 11 for storing high-pressure fuel is formed around a small-diameter shaft member 2a, and the high-pressure fuel is supplied to a fuel reservoir 35 formed by a gap between the needle 3 and the nozzle body 31. ing.
[0016]
The pressure accumulating chamber 11 is vertically divided by a partition member 12, and a spring 13 is disposed around the displacement expanding piston 2 in the lower chamber that also serves as a spring chamber, and the displacement expanding piston 2 and the needle 3 integrated therewith are provided. It is biased downward (that is, in the valve closing direction). The upper and lower chambers of the pressure accumulating chamber 11 communicate with each other by a plurality of passages 14 provided in the partition member 12.
[0017]
The shaft member 2 a has an upper end that is slidably held in the first guide hole 15 above the pressure accumulating chamber 11 with a slight clearance, and is provided above the first guide hole 15. In the second guide hole 16 having a diameter, the displacement expansion piston 2 having a diameter larger than that of the shaft member 2a is located. A control chamber 5 is formed by an annular space formed between the lower surface 2b of the displacement expanding piston 2 and the shaft member 2a and the inner wall surface of the bottom of the second guide hole 16. The control chamber 5 is formed of the housing 1 and the holder. It communicates with a space 46 below the piston 45 through a communication passage 51 formed in the shaft 44. The control chamber 5, the communication passage 51, and the space 46 are filled with high-pressure fuel supplied from a common rail through an orifice passage (not shown), and an upward (valve opening) fuel pressure is applied to the displacement expansion piston 2. Yes.
[0018]
A space formed between the upper surface 2 c of the displacement expansion piston 2 and the upper inner wall surface of the second guide hole 16 is a back pressure chamber 6. This back pressure chamber 6 communicates with the common rail via a fuel supply passage 17 projecting to the side of the housing and a bar filter 18 and is directed downward (valve closing direction) with respect to the displacement expansion piston 2 by high pressure fuel supplied from the common rail. ) Fuel pressure is applied. A communication hole 22 extending upward from the pressure accumulating chamber 11 is connected to the fuel supply path 17 in the vicinity of the back pressure chamber 6, and the back pressure chamber 6 and the pressure accumulating chamber 11 communicate with each other through the communication hole 22.
[0019]
The operation of the fuel injection device having the above configuration will be described with reference to the time chart of FIG. In the figure, before time {circle around (1)}, no voltage is applied from the drive circuit to the piezo stack 41, and the piezo stack 41 contracts. At this time, the pressure in the control chamber 5, the back pressure chamber 6 and the pressure accumulation chamber 11 is equal to the pressure in the common rail, and the force in the valve closing direction due to the fuel pressure in the back pressure chamber 6 acting on the upper surface 2c of the displacement expansion piston 2. The fuel pressure in the control chamber 5 acting on the lower surface 2b and the force in the valve opening direction due to the fuel pressure in the fuel reservoir 35 acting on the area corresponding to the diameter difference between the needle 2 and the seat surface 34 are substantially balanced. ing. Accordingly, only the force in the valve closing direction due to the urging force of the spring 13 acts on the needle 2 and the needle 2 is seated on the seat portion 34, so that fuel is not injected.
[0020]
Next, when the voltage applied to the piezo stack 41 is increased at time {circle around (1)} in order to open the needle 2, the piezo stack 41 expands, and the piston 45 integrated therewith resists the biasing force of the spring 47. Move down. Along with this, the volume of the space 46 below the piston 45 is reduced, and the pressure in the control chamber 5 communicating with this via the communication passage 51 is increased, and the valve opening direction acting on the lower surface 2b of the displacement expansion piston 2 is increased. Power increases. When the force in the valve opening direction becomes larger than the force in the valve closing direction by the spring 13, the displacement expansion piston 2 starts to lift at time {circle around (2)}. At the same time, when the needle 2 integrated with the displacement expansion piston 2 starts to lift away from the seat surface 34, the fuel supplied from the pressure accumulation chamber 11 to the fuel reservoir 35 is injected from the injection hole 33.
[0021]
Here, when the displacement expansion piston 2 starts to lift, the volume of the back pressure chamber 6 decreases and the pressure increases. However, in the present invention, the back pressure chamber 6 communicates with the pressure accumulation chamber 11 through the communication hole 22. Therefore, an increase in pressure in the valve closing direction acting on the displacement expansion piston 2 is suppressed. That is, when the needle 2 is lifted and fuel is injected, the pressure in the pressure accumulating chamber 11 is reduced. Therefore, if the diameter of the communication hole 22 is made sufficiently large, the fuel in the back pressure chamber 6 can be quickly supplied to the pressure accumulating chamber 11. Can be discharged. Therefore, the pressure increase in the valve closing direction acting on the displacement expansion piston 2 is suppressed, and the displacement expansion piston 2 can be lifted in accordance with the instantaneous movement of the piezo stack 41.
[0022]
In addition, even when the set pressure of the common rail pressure changes, the fuel pressure in the valve opening direction and the fuel pressure in the valve closing direction acting on the displacement expansion piston 2 are balanced, and only the force of the spring 13 in the valve closing direction is balanced. It acts on the displacement expansion piston 2. Therefore, regardless of the common rail pressure, the required amount of increase in the pressure in the control chamber 5 can be made constant, and the extension amount of the piezo stack 102 becomes maximum and the lift amount of the needle 103 becomes maximum at time (3). . Therefore, it is not necessary to change the spring 13 in accordance with the common rail pressure, and the physique of the piezo drive unit can be reduced in size by setting the spring force so that the extension amount of the piezo stack 41 is minimized. Further, by providing the pressure accumulating chamber 11 around the shaft member 2a and arranging the spring 13, it is possible to further reduce the size of the entire apparatus.
[0023]
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of communication holes 22 for communicating the back pressure chamber 6 and the pressure accumulation chamber 11 are provided. As a result, when the displacement expansion piston 2 is lifted, the fuel can be discharged from the back pressure chamber 6 to the pressure accumulating chamber 11 more quickly. In FIG. 3, the back pressure chamber 6 is formed with a fuel supply passage from the common rail to the back pressure chamber 6 in the housing 1 (not shown). Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0024]
FIG. 4 is a time chart for explaining the operation in the second embodiment of the present invention, which is shown in comparison with the first embodiment. In the figure, time {circle around (2)} is the same as in the first embodiment. When the needle 3 starts to lift at time {circle around (2)}, in the second embodiment in which a plurality of communication holes 22 are provided, the fuel is easily discharged from the back pressure chamber 6 to the pressure accumulating chamber 11. Therefore, the lift amount of the displacement expansion piston 2 becomes maximum at time {circle around (3)} earlier than that of the first embodiment.
[0025]
The same applies when the valve is closed. When the voltage applied to the piezo stack 41 is decreased and contracted at time {circle around (4)}, the pressure in the control chamber 5 decreases and displaces as the piston 44 moves upward. The expansion piston 2 starts to descend. When the force in the valve opening direction becomes smaller than the force in the valve closing direction by the spring 13, the needle 3 is seated on the seat surface 34 and the injection is finished. At this time, the volume of the back pressure chamber 6 increases as the displacement expansion piston 2 descends. However, in the second embodiment having a plurality of communication holes 22, fuel corresponding to the increased volume is immediately supplied from the pressure accumulation chamber 11. Since the pressure drop in the back pressure chamber 6 is very small, the injection is completed before time {circle around (5)} when the displacement expansion piston 2 descends quickly and the piezo stack 41 finishes contracting.
[0026]
Thus, according to this Embodiment, an on-off valve can be performed more rapidly and an injection characteristic can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a common rail fuel injection device showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a time chart for explaining the operation of the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel injection device according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a time chart for explaining the operation of the second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram of a conventional fuel injection device.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are time charts for explaining the operation of a conventional fuel injection device, in which FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an effect when the common rail pressure changes, and FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the change in common rail pressure when the spring is not changed. It is a figure which shows an influence.
[Explanation of symbols]
I Injector 1 Housing 11 Accumulation chamber 13 Spring (spring member)
2 Displacement expansion piston (piston member)
2a Shaft member 22 Communication hole 3 Needle 31 Nozzle body 33 Injection hole 34 Seat part 35 Fuel reservoir 4 Piezo drive part 41 Piezo stack 42 Piezo cover 45 Piston 5 Control room 51 Communication path 6 Back pressure room

Claims (3)

ハウジング内に、噴孔を開閉するニードルに開弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる制御室と、上記ニードルに閉弁方向の付勢力を作用させるスプリング部材を有し、該制御室内の燃料をピエゾ駆動部により加圧して上記ニードルをリフトさせる燃料噴射装置において、上記ニードルと一体に摺動するピストン部材を設けて、該ピストン部材の下端面に上記制御室内の燃料圧を作用させる一方、上端面に閉弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる背圧室を設けて、該背圧室を燃料供給路を介して上記ハウジング外部の燃料通路に連通させ、かつ上記ハウジング内の、上記燃料供給路より上記噴孔に近い位置に上記噴孔に供給する燃料を蓄える蓄圧室を設けて、上記背圧室と上記蓄圧室とを連絡穴にて連通させるとともに、上記連通穴を複数設けたことを特徴とする燃料噴射装置。 The housing has a control chamber that applies fuel pressure in the valve opening direction to the needle that opens and closes the nozzle hole, and a spring member that applies urging force in the valve closing direction to the needle, and piezo-drives the fuel in the control chamber In the fuel injection device that lifts the needle by pressurizing by a portion, a piston member that slides integrally with the needle is provided, and the fuel pressure in the control chamber is applied to the lower end surface of the piston member, while the upper end surface is A back pressure chamber for applying a fuel pressure in the valve closing direction is provided, the back pressure chamber is communicated with a fuel passage outside the housing through a fuel supply passage, and the injection is performed from the fuel supply passage in the housing. provided accumulator for accumulating fuel supplied to the injection hole at a position closer to the hole, Rutotomoni communicates between the back pressure chamber and the accumulation chamber at contact holes, and characterized in that a plurality of the communication holes You Fuel injection system. ハウジング内に、噴孔を開閉するニードルに開弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる制御室と、上記ニードルに閉弁方向の付勢力を作用させるスプリング部材を有し、該制御室内の燃料をピエゾ駆動部により加圧して上記ニードルをリフトさせる燃料噴射装置において、上記ニードルと一体に摺動するピストン部材を設けて、該ピストン部材の下端面に上記制御室内の燃料圧を作用させる一方、上端面に閉弁方向の燃料圧を作用させる背圧室を設けて、該背圧室を燃料供給路を介して上記ハウジング外部の燃料通路に連通させ、かつ上記ハウジング内の、上記燃料供給路より上記噴孔に近い位置に上記噴孔に供給する燃料を蓄える蓄圧室を設けて、上記背圧室と上記蓄圧室とを連絡穴にて連通させるとともに、上記蓄圧室を、上記ニードルまたは上記ニードルと上記ピストン部材を連結する軸部材の外周に設け、上記蓄圧室内に上記スプリング部材を配設したことを特徴とする燃料噴射装置。 The housing has a control chamber that applies fuel pressure in the valve opening direction to the needle that opens and closes the nozzle hole, and a spring member that applies urging force in the valve closing direction to the needle, and piezo-drives the fuel in the control chamber In the fuel injection device that lifts the needle by pressurizing by a portion, a piston member that slides integrally with the needle is provided, and the fuel pressure in the control chamber is applied to the lower end surface of the piston member, while the upper end surface is A back pressure chamber for applying a fuel pressure in the valve closing direction is provided, the back pressure chamber is communicated with a fuel passage outside the housing through a fuel supply passage, and the injection is performed from the fuel supply passage in the housing. A pressure accumulating chamber for storing fuel to be supplied to the nozzle hole is provided at a position close to the hole, and the back pressure chamber and the pressure accumulating chamber are communicated with each other through a communication hole. Provided on the outer circumference of the shaft member for connecting Doru and the piston member, the fuel injection device being characterized in that disposed above the spring member to said accumulation chamber. 上記連通穴を複数設けた請求項2記載の燃料噴射装置。 The fuel injection device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the communication holes are provided .
JP2000187466A 2000-06-22 2000-06-22 Fuel injection device Expired - Fee Related JP4079578B2 (en)

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JP2000187466A JP4079578B2 (en) 2000-06-22 2000-06-22 Fuel injection device
EP20010115087 EP1167746B1 (en) 2000-06-22 2001-06-21 Fuel injection device
DE2001606523 DE60106523T8 (en) 2000-06-22 2001-06-21 Fuel injection valve device

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DE10254186A1 (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-17 Siemens Ag Injector with a directly driven register nozzle needle for fuel injection into an internal combustion engine
DE102005054361A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-24 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh high-pressure fuel
DE502007002482D1 (en) 2007-03-15 2010-02-11 Ford Global Tech Llc injector
JP4665985B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2011-04-06 株式会社デンソー Injector
CN104018964B (en) * 2014-05-29 2016-05-04 哈尔滨工程大学 Pressure accumulation current-limiting type piezoelectric control fuel injector

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DE2401874A1 (en) * 1973-01-20 1974-07-25 Cav Ltd INJECTOR FOR LIQUID FUEL
DE19709795A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines
JP3922780B2 (en) 1998-01-08 2007-05-30 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 Fuel injection valve and driving method thereof
DE19843535A1 (en) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injector
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