EP1561075B1 - Condensation heat exchanger with plastic casing - Google Patents
Condensation heat exchanger with plastic casing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1561075B1 EP1561075B1 EP03808754.0A EP03808754A EP1561075B1 EP 1561075 B1 EP1561075 B1 EP 1561075B1 EP 03808754 A EP03808754 A EP 03808754A EP 1561075 B1 EP1561075 B1 EP 1561075B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exchanger
- casing
- bundle
- tubes
- burner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 title claims 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
- F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/02—Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a condensing heat exchanger, associated - directly or indirectly - to a burner, in particular gas or fuel.
- a heat exchanger element which consists of a tube of thermally good conductor material, in which a coolant, for example water to be heated, is intended to circulate.
- This tube is helically wound and has a flattened and oval cross-section whose major axis is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the helix, and each turn of the tube has plane faces which are spaced from the faces of the adjacent turn of the tube. a gap of constant width, this width being substantially smaller than the thickness of said cross section, the spacing between two adjacent turns being further calibrated by means of spacers, which consist of bosses formed in the wall of the tube; .
- An exchanger element thus designed is capable of providing a very efficient heat exchange between, on the one hand, very hot gases, which can be generated directly by a burner mounted in the enclosure, or come from an external source, which lick the tubular element, and on the other hand, the fluid to be heated, such as water, which circulates inside thereof.
- the present invention more particularly aims to provide a condensing heat exchanger, of the general type described above, whose heat exchange elements are bundles of flat tubes such as those known by the EP-B-0 678 186 mentioned above.
- the envelope constituting the known condensing apparatus of the kind described above, like the tube (s), is made of metal, generally made of stainless steel.
- the pressure of the fluid to be heated, and in particular of the water, inside the tube (or tubes) in use can be relatively high, about 2.5 to 3.5 bar, is 2.5.10 5 to 3.5.10 5 Pa.
- the initially flat side walls of the tubes tend to bulge, the amplitude of the deformation being an increasing function of the value of the internal pressure.
- This deformation propagates axially, from a wall to the adjacent wall, through the bosses forming spacers that separate them.
- the condensing heat exchanger which is the subject of the invention is intended to be associated with a gas burner or fuel.
- Bosses 200 provided on the large faces of the tubes act as spacers, to delimit between each turn a gap of calibrated value, substantially constant.
- collectors also transfer the circulating fluid from a tubular element to the neighboring winding.
- Each tubular element has straight end portions, that is to say rectilinear axis, and of progressively variable section, whose opening end portion is circular.
- the inlet and outlet mouths 20, 21 of the tubular elements are appropriately and sealingly crimped in ad hoc openings provided in the envelope 1, as is visible on the figure 2 ; the collectors 15, 16 are fixed at this level.
- the envelope 1 is made of plastic.
- the envelope is made of two half-shells which are heat-sealed to each other after the tubular bundle has been installed inside one of them.
- the envelope 1 is open on one of its sides, in this case on the side on the left, if we consider the figure 1 .
- part of the water vapor contained in the flue gases condenses on contact with the walls of the tubes.
- Reference 10 designates the bottom wall of the enclosure; in known manner, this bottom is sloped, which allows the discharge of the condensates to an outlet 13.
- the rear wall of the casing has the reference 11; it has a recess 110 which, as will be seen later, forms a channel for the passage of flue gases and fumes and channeling them to an exhaust duct 12.
- the orifice 13 is connected to a condensate discharge pipe, while the sleeve 12 is connected to a flue gas discharge duct, for example a chimney flue.
- a flue gas discharge duct for example a chimney flue.
- the open side of the envelope is closed by a facade element 3.
- the latter is fixed on its entire periphery by a flange 30 which is sealed to the gas on a peripheral bead 14 bordering the entrance of the envelope.
- a seal for example silicone (not shown) can advantageously be provided at this level.
- the front plate 3 which is for example made of stainless steel, is normally closed by a removable door 4.
- the door 4 is in two parts; it is composed of an outer plate 40, metal or heat-resistant plastic material, and an inner plate 41 of insulating material, for example based on ceramic.
- Suitable means connected to the burner 6 make it possible to supply the apparatus with a mixture of gas fuel and air, such as propane + air.
- These means may consist in particular of a fan attached to the door, suitable for blowing the gas mixture into the burner, or a flexible conduit connected to the door.
- the burner 6 is a cylindrical tube with a closed end, whose wall is pierced with a multitude of small holes which allow the fuel mixture to pass radially outwardly of the tube.
- the outer surface of this wall constitutes the combustion surface.
- the latter is located coaxially in the middle of the winding 2, but it does not extend over its entire length.
- tubular bundle 2 is subdivided into two parts, one 2a located to the left of a deflector 7, and the other 2b to the right thereof.
- the deflector 7 is a disc of thermally insulating material, for example based on ceramic; it is carried by a thin plate-shaped frame 70 made of stainless steel, the peripheral edge of which is inserted between two adjacent turns of the bundle.
- Part 2b of the beam performs a preheating of the fluid, which flows from the right to the left if we consider the figure 1 .
- Part 2a performs the actual heating.
- the turns of the tubular bundle 2 are firmly held against one another by means of a mechanical restraint system.
- tie rods 5 consisting of cylindrical rods of stainless steel, and which are associated with bearing elements for each of the two opposite ends of the beam.
- the tie rods 5 are arranged at the four vertices of a fictitious isosceles trapezoid.
- their end 51 is fixed - for example by welding - to a discoidal annular plate 30 made of stainless steel, in the center of which an opening 300 is formed.
- the tie rods 5 are attached to the facade 3 which has been mentioned above.
- tie rods 5 are threaded; they pass through appropriate orifices provided at the periphery of the facade plate 3.
- the beam 2 is thus axially compressed with force between the bearing elements 3 and 30.
- end portions 50 are relatively long; they exceed beyond the nuts 500 to a significant length, as can be seen on the figure 3 .
- the portions 50 also have the function of centering and fixing the door 4 against the facade 3.
- the plate 40 constituting the door whose diameter is greater than that of the insulating portion 41, is traversed by four holes allowing the engagement portions 50.
- nuts 400 which are advantageously self-locking nuts, to reduce the risk of inadvertent loosening, in particular under the effect of vibrations.
- An annular lip seal 42 housed in a suitable groove in the plate 40 makes it possible to apply the latter in a smoke-tight manner against the external face of the facade 3.
- the tie rods 5 are arranged outside the beam 2.
- the tubular bundle can be held in place inside the casing simply as a result of the interlocking connection of the end portions of the tubes 20, 21 in the housings provided in the casing to receive them.
- This partition advantageously participates in the good maintenance of the beam inside the envelope.
- It is fixed to the inner wall of the envelope and extends obliquely under the sleeve 12. It preferably has an arcuate shape, of arcuate contour, surrounding the upper zone of the beam.
- the hot gases generated by the burner 6 first pass through the first portion 2a of the beam 2 (located on the left of the deflector 7), passing between the interstices of the tubes radially, from the inside to the outside.
- the constituent plastic of the casing is chosen to withstand continuously temperatures of the order of 150 ° to 160 ° C.
- resins include a compound of polyphenylene oxide, polystyrene and polypropylene, such a material being suitable to withstand the chemical attack of hot fumes and condensates.
- the wall of the casing 1 may be relatively thin, for example of thickness between 2 and 4 mm, because it is not exposed to significant mechanical stresses.
- the door 4, the burner 6 and the baffle 7 would form a removable assembly in block, which would allow access for cleaning to the entire interior space of the winding, including in the portion rear which ensures preheating.
- this exchanger has an axial compactness greater than that of the first embodiment.
- the rectilinear end portions of the tubes extend tangentially to the winding, their axes being contained in the same longitudinal plane, arranged laterally (see FIG. figure 6 ).
- the tie rods 5 are fixed not to an annular plate 30, but a pair of flat bent rods 30a, 30b, whose central zones bear against an angular sector, of relatively limited, of the corresponding end turn.
- the tie rods are this time arranged in a square, and the bent rods 30a, 30b connect these sides in pairs, marrying closer two diametrically opposite regions of the winding.
- the partition 8 has a recess 80 located above the tubular winding, near the tubes located at the outlet of the portion 2a constituting the main exchanger.
- the probe 9 is advantageously held in place by means of a circlip in a stainless steel bowl fitted in the recess 80, which is open downwards, a suitable seal ensuring the seal between the bowl and the wall of the recess 80.
- This probe is connected to the burner control, and is adapted to cause the burner to stop when the detected temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, for example 160 ° C.
- Abnormal overheating can occur accidentally for example in the absence of water in the tubes or in case of poor circulation of water in the tubes, for example because of a clogging of one of them.
- the probe referenced 9 ', comprises a fuse element 92', sensitive to heat.
- the electrical supply circuit of the boiler is connected to two lugs 90 'and 91' which are connected via this thermo fuse 92 '.
- the figure 9 illustrates the flow of hot gases generated by the burner 6, which is fed with G + A fuel mixture .
- the partially cooled gases then pass through the second part 2b of the exchanger, this time from the outside to the inside, as symbolized by the arrows F 3 .
- the water As for the water, it is generally heated from room temperature to a temperature of about 80 ° C.
- the exchanger has no burner.
- the casing comprises an inlet sleeve E for hot gases, which originate from an external source.
- This sleeve opens into the winding of tubes 2.
- the tubular elements constituting the winding can be arranged in parallel, the inlet and outlet manifolds 15 'respectively 16' ensuring their collection and distribution either at the inlet or at the outlet of the tubes.
- the envelope 1 ' is made of plastic.
- the means of mechanical restraint of the beam are similar to those of the first embodiment.
- tie rods which are fixed at their ends, for example by welding, to plates 30, 3 '.
- the plate 30 located on the side of the intake sleeve E is a disc whose center has an opening 300 corresponding to the gas inlet passage delimited by the sleeve E.
- the bottom plate 3 ' is a non-perforated disc.
- a game j is provided between these two elements.
- this apparatus can also be equipped with a temperature probe adapted to stop the admission of hot gases when the probe detects a predetermined excessive temperature.
- the burner used is not necessarily cylindrical; it could have a flat or hemispherical shape while remaining attached to the door.
- the weight gain obtained by the use of a plastic envelope is of the order of 20% compared to a similar device, having the same performance, but whose envelope is metallic.
- annular wall portion of the casing 1 which surrounds the winding 2 is lined internally with a shell 100.
- This is made of thin sheet of stainless steel, the thickness of which is for example of the order of about 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
- This ferrule bears against the inner face of the envelope, with a certain spacing j (see figure 13 ), of the order of 2 mm for example.
- This spacing is ensured by a plurality of support pads 101 consisting of small sized cuvettes stamped into the sheet so as to form bosses projecting outwardly of the ferrule.
- Figures 15 and 16 which represent a development of the sheet in two parts constituting the shell, these bosses 101 have a regular geometric distribution in the surface of the sheet, in this case according to an arrangement according to equilateral equilateral triangles.
- this ferrule is supported on the front side against the facade 3, and on the other side against the partitions 8-8 '.
- the ferrule 100 consists of two distinct parts, initially flat, represented on the Figures 15 and 16 and referenced 100a, respectively 100b.
- each of the strips 100a, 100b has a series of four notches 102, of substantially semicircular or semi-oval shape, complementary to the shape of the section of the end portions of the tubes at the wall. 1 they go through.
- the length L 1 of the band 100a is substantially greater than that L 2 of the band 100b.
- the sum L 1 + L 2 corresponds approximately (taking into account the spacing j) to the circumference of the inner wall of the envelope 1 against which the strips 100a and 100b are applied after having been bent to accommodate the curvature of the wall of the envelope 1.
- the figure 14 it has a cross-section whose contour is intermediate between a circle and a square with rounded corners.
- the short element 100b is placed on the side where the mouths 20 ', 21' of the tubes are located, outside the latter (on the left of the figure 14 ), while the long element 100a is placed on the other side.
- the two sheet metal strips Due to their elasticity, the two sheet metal strips apply intimately, via their bosses 101 against the inner face of the envelope, without the need to resort to specific fastening means. They thus form a ferrule which relatively tightly isolates said inner face of the envelope of hot gases circulating in exchanger, acting as a thermal or isothermal screen.
- the wall of the casing 1 has a recess 80 directed inwards, which receives a temperature probe 9, it goes without saying that the ferrule is traversed in this area with a suitable opening in which the portion is inserted. wall recessed. In this zone, the wall of the envelope, not thermally protected, is therefore exposed to a temperature higher than that of the rest of the wall, which is protected by the ferrule.
- the presence of the ferrule has the effect of lowering the temperature at which the wall of the envelope is exposed by a value of the order of 15 to 20 ° C, which makes it possible to use a plastic material less noble and therefore less expensive than that used with the embodiments described above (without ferrule), and / or to improve the behavior over time and longevity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à condensation, associé - directement ou indirectement - à un brûleur, notamment à gaz ou à fuel.The present invention relates to a condensing heat exchanger, associated - directly or indirectly - to a burner, in particular gas or fuel.
Cet échangeur est destiné notamment à équiper une chaudière à gaz pour des applications domestiques, en vue d'alimenter un circuit de chauffage central et/ou de fournir de l'eau à usage sanitaire.This exchanger is intended in particular to equip a gas boiler for domestic applications, to supply a central heating circuit and / or to provide water for sanitary purposes.
L'échangeur de chaleur qui fait l'objet de l'invention, plus précisément, est du type comprenant une enveloppe qui délimite une enceinte à l'intérieur de laquelle est logé au moins un faisceau de tube(s) de section aplatie, du genre décrit dans le document
Dans le document
Ce document décrit également des échangeurs de chaleur comportant plusieurs éléments tels que décrits ci-dessus, qui sont agencés de différentes manières dans les divers modes de réalisation exposés.This document also describes heat exchangers comprising several elements as described above, which are arranged in different ways in the various embodiments disclosed.
Un élément échangeur ainsi conçu est capable d'assurer un échange de chaleur très efficace entre, d'une part, des gaz très chauds, lesquels peuvent être générés directement par un brûleur monté dans l'enceinte, ou provenir d'une source extérieure, qui lèchent l'élément tubulaire, et, d'autre part, le fluide à réchauffer, tel que de l'eau, lequel circule à l'intérieur de celui-ci.An exchanger element thus designed is capable of providing a very efficient heat exchange between, on the one hand, very hot gases, which can be generated directly by a burner mounted in the enclosure, or come from an external source, which lick the tubular element, and on the other hand, the fluid to be heated, such as water, which circulates inside thereof.
En effet, lors de son passage à travers l'interstice entre les spires, suivant une direction approximativement radiale, le flux de gaz chauds vient en contact avec une surface relativement étendue de la paroi de l'élément d'échangeur.Indeed, during its passage through the gap between the turns, in an approximately radial direction, the flow of hot gas comes into contact with a relatively large area of the wall of the exchanger element.
La présente invention a plus particulièrement pour objet de proposer un échangeur de chaleur à condensation, du type général exposé ci-dessus, dont les éléments d'échange de la chaleur sont des faisceaux de tubes plats tels que ceux connus par le
L'enveloppe composant les appareils à condensation connus du genre exposé ci-dessus, tout comme le (ou les) tube(s), est en métal, généralement en acier inoxydable.The envelope constituting the known condensing apparatus of the kind described above, like the tube (s), is made of metal, generally made of stainless steel.
L'utilisation du métal, et en particulier de l'acier inoxydable, convient en effet pour résister à la fois mécaniquement aux contraintes dues aux dilatations intervenant au sein de l'enroulement de tube(s) et chimiquement à la corrosion émanant des fumées (gaz brûlés) et des condensats.The use of metal, and in particular of stainless steel, is indeed suitable for resisting both mechanically the stresses due to the expansions occurring within the winding of tube (s) and chemically to the corrosion emanating from the fumes ( burnt gases) and condensates.
A cet égard, il convient de signaler, à titre indicatif, que la pression du fluide à réchauffer, et notamment de l'eau, à l'intérieur du tube (ou des tubes) en cours d'utilisation peut être relativement élevée, de l'ordre de 2,5 à 3,5 bars, soit 2,5.105 à 3,5.105 Pa.In this respect, it should be pointed out, as an indication, that the pressure of the fluid to be heated, and in particular of the water, inside the tube (or tubes) in use can be relatively high, about 2.5 to 3.5 bar, is 2.5.10 5 to 3.5.10 5 Pa.
Pour raisons de sécurité, le faisceau tubulaire est avantageusement conçu pour pouvoir résister à une pression de 4,5. 105 Pa.For safety reasons, the tubular bundle is advantageously designed to withstand a pressure of 4.5. 10 5 Pa.
Les parois latérales, initialement planes, des tubes ont tendance à se bomber, l'amplitude de la déformation étant une fonction croissante de la valeur de la pression interne.The initially flat side walls of the tubes tend to bulge, the amplitude of the deformation being an increasing function of the value of the internal pressure.
Cette déformation se propage axialement, d'une paroi à la paroi adjacente, par l'intermédiaire des bossages formant entretoises qui les séparent.This deformation propagates axially, from a wall to the adjacent wall, through the bosses forming spacers that separate them.
A titre indicatif, si on considère un enroulement de quatre tubes juxtaposés d'épaisseur de paroi de 0,6 mm, dont la dimension axiale est initialement de 128 mm, cette dimension, par suite de la déformation des tubes, va être portée à une valeur de l'ordre de 129,2 mm pour une pression de 2 bars et de l'ordre de 129,8 mm pour une pression de 3 bars.As an indication, if we consider a winding of four juxtaposed tubes with a wall thickness of 0.6 mm, whose axial dimension is initially 128 mm, this dimension, as a result of the deformation of the tubes, will be increased to value of the order of 129.2 mm for a pressure of 2 bar and of the order of 129.8 mm for a pressure of 3 bar.
L'allongement total est proportionnel au nombre d'enroulements montés bout à bout qui constituent le faisceau de l'échangeur.The total elongation is proportional to the number of windings mounted end to end which constitute the beam of the exchanger.
Bien entendu, en augmentant l'épaisseur de paroi des tubes on peut réduire l'amplitude de la déformation. Malheureusement, un surdimensionnement de l'épaisseur accroît de manière importante le poids de l'appareil. Il pose également des problèmes de fabrication des éléments tubulaires, par hydroformage, procédé qui requiert des pressions de travail extrêmement élevées.Of course, by increasing the wall thickness of the tubes it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the deformation. Unfortunately, oversizing the thickness significantly increases the weight of the apparatus. It also raises manufacturing problems of the tubular elements, by hydroforming, a process which requires extremely high working pressures.
Pour s'opposer à l'allongement et résister aux poussées axiales résultant de la pression interne du fluide circulant dans le faisceau, la solution jusqu'ici utilisée est d'adopter une enveloppe métallique (servant d'appui aux deux extrémités du faisceau), dont l'épaisseur et la résistance mécanique sont choisies de telle sorte qu'elles empêchent la dilatation axiale dudit faisceau sous l'effet de la pression interne, ou du moins la restreignent à une amplitude acceptable, compatible avec la limite de déformation élastique de l'enveloppe.To oppose the elongation and resist the axial thrusts resulting from the internal pressure of the fluid flowing in the beam, the solution hitherto used is to adopt a metal casing (serving as support for the two ends of the bundle), the thickness and the mechanical strength of which are chosen so that they prevent the axial expansion of said bundle under the effect of the internal pressure, or at least restrict it to an acceptable amplitude, compatible with the limit of elastic deformation of the envelope.
Ce type d'échangeur donne satisfaction sur le plan technique, notamment sur le plan des performances.This type of exchanger gives satisfaction on the technical level, especially in terms of performance.
Cependant, il est relativement lourd, ce qui peut poser des difficultés à l'opérateur lors de son transport et de sa manutention au cours de son installation, et son prix de revient est relativement élevé, du fait qu'il est nécessaire de recourir (afin de résister aux contraintes mécaniques et aux agressions chimiques des fumées et des condensats) à une enveloppe en matériau métallique de haute qualité, tel que de l'acier inoxydable.However, it is relatively heavy, which can pose difficulties to the operator during its transport and handling during its installation, and its cost is relatively high, because it is necessary to resort ( to withstand the mechanical stresses and chemical attack of fumes and condensates) to an envelope of high quality metal material, such as stainless steel.
L'objectif à la base de la présente invention est de réduire sensiblement à la fois le poids et le prix de revient de l'appareil, en proposant de le doter d'une enveloppe qui, bien qu'en matériau sensiblement moins noble et moins coûteux, en l'occurrence la matière plastique, ne pose pas de problème de résistance d'ordre chimique, ni d'ordre mécanique, en considération du problème de dilatation axiale rappelé ci-dessus, de faire en sorte que l'enveloppe plastique soit isolée au mieux de la chaleur générée par les gaz brûlés traversant les spires de l'enroulement et, corrélativement, d'abaisser sensiblement le niveau des températures à laquelle l'enveloppe est exposée, ceci en mettant en oeuvre des moyens simples, légers et peu coûteux, en l'occurrence une virole jouant le rôle d'écran thermique.The objective underlying the present invention is to substantially reduce both the weight and the cost price of the apparatus, by proposing to provide it with an envelope which, although in substantially less noble material and less expensive, in this case the plastic, does not pose a problem of chemical resistance or mechanical order, in consideration of the axial expansion problem mentioned above, to ensure that the plastic envelope is isolated to the best of the heat generated by the burnt gases passing through the coils of the winding and, correspondingly, to substantially lower the temperature level at which the envelope is exposed, this by implementing simple means, light and little expensive, in this case a ferrule acting as a heat shield.
Le document
L'échangeur de chaleur à condensation qui fait l'objet de l'invention est destiné à être associé à un brûleur à gaz ou à fuel.The condensing heat exchanger which is the subject of the invention is intended to be associated with a gas burner or fuel.
Conformément à l'invention :
- d'une part, ladite enveloppe est réalisée en matière plastique résistant à la chaleur :
- d'autre part, l'échangeur comporte une virole disposée à l'extérieur dudit faisceau et à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe en matière plastique, cette virole étant maintenue à un certain espacement de la surface interne de ladite enveloppe, par exemple, au moyen d'une série de bossages emboutis dans la paroi de la virole, de façon à assurer une fonction d'écran thermique apte à isoler cette enveloppe de la chaleur émise par les gaz brûlés.
- on the one hand, said envelope is made of heat resistant plastic material:
- on the other hand, the exchanger comprises a shell disposed outside said bundle and inside said plastic envelope, said ferrule being maintained at a certain spacing from the inner surface of said envelope, for example at means of a series of embossed bosses in the wall of the ferrule, so as to provide a heat shield function capable of isolating this envelope of the heat emitted by the flue gases.
Par ailleurs, selon un certain nombre de caractéristiques avantageuses, mais non limitatives de l'invention :
- l'échangeur comporte une sonde de température portée par ladite enveloppe, apte à commander l'arrêt du brûleur lorsque la température régnant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, au voisinage de cette sonde, dépasse un seuil prédéterminé ;
- ladite virole est réalisée dans une tôle en acier inoxydable de faible épaisseur ;
- l'élément d'appui situé à l'une des extrémités du jeu de tirants est une plaque mince, par exemple en forme de disque, qui est ajourée en partie centrale, de forme annulaire par conséquent ;
- ladite plaque fait office de façade, qui obture partiellement une face ouverte de l'enveloppe, et est fixée à cette dernière à sa périphérie, par exemple par sertissage ;
- les portions d'extrémité des tirants traversent ladite façade de manière à faire légèrement saillie vers l'extérieur et ces portions d'extrémité sont filetées de telle sorte qu'elles permettent un montage amovible d'une porte contre la façade au moyen d'écrous ;
- ladite porte est solidaire du brûleur ;
- lesdits tirants sont au nombre de quatre, sensiblement disposés selon un carré, et les éléments d'appui situés du côté opposé à ladite façade consistent en une paire de brides arquées ou coudées, conformées pour épouser au plus près le contour du faisceau en s'appliquant contre deux zones diamétralement opposées de celui-ci, chaque bride étant fixée à une paire de tirants voisins ;
- la matière plastique constitutive de l'enveloppe est un matériau composite à base de résine chargée de fibres ou d'écailles de verre ;
- ladite résine est un composé de polyphénilène oxyde, de polystyrène et de polypropylène ;
- l'échangeur comprend deux faisceaux de tubes coaxiaux, situés bout à bout, et raccordés l'un à l'autre, dont l'un fait office d'échangeur primaire et l'autre d'échangeur secondaire, un organe déflecteur étant intercalé entre ces deux faisceaux, et ainsi agencé, que les gaz chauds générés par le brûleur traversent d'abord l'échangeur primaire, en traversant les interstices séparant ses spires de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, puis l'échangeur secondaire, en traversant les interstices séparant ses spires de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, après quoi ils sont évacués via ladite manchette ;
- le déflecteur est solidaire desdits faisceaux de tubes ;
- le brûleur étant monté à l'intérieur dudit faisceau faisant office d'échangeur primaire, ledit déflecteur a une forme discoïde et est solidaire de l'extrémité de ce brûleur, ce déflecteur étant garni à sa périphérie d'un joint thermiquement isolant qui s'applique contre l'intérieur du faisceau ;
- ladite enveloppe est constituée de deux demi coquilles moulées accolées et solidarisées l'une avec l'autre, par exemple par soudure ;
- les bords en regard desdites parties cintrées présentent une rangée d'encoches approximativement semi-circulaires, ou semi-ovalisées, aptes à enserrer les portions d'extrémité rectilignes du tube, ou des tubes, constitutif(s) de l'enroulement, lorsque ces parties cintrées sont accolées l'une contre l'autre.
- the exchanger comprises a temperature probe carried by said envelope, adapted to control the burner shutdown when the temperature inside the envelope, in the vicinity of this probe, exceeds a predetermined threshold;
- said ferrule is made of a thin stainless steel sheet;
- the support element located at one end of the set of tie rods is a thin plate, for example disc-shaped, which is perforated in central part, annular shape therefore;
- said plate serves as a facade, which partially closes an open face of the envelope, and is fixed to the latter at its periphery, for example by crimping;
- the end portions of the tie rods pass through said facade so as to protrude slightly towards the outside and these end portions are threaded such that they allow a removable assembly of a door against the facade by means of nuts ;
- said door is integral with the burner;
- said tie rods are four in number, substantially arranged in a square, and the support elements located on the opposite side to said facade consist of a pair of arched or bent flanges, shaped to fit more closely the contour of the beam in s' applying against two diametrically opposite zones thereof, each flange being attached to a pair of adjacent tie rods;
- the plastic material constituting the envelope is a composite material based on resin loaded with fibers or glass flakes;
- said resin is a compound of polyphenylene oxide, polystyrene and polypropylene;
- the exchanger comprises two bundles of coaxial tubes, located end to end, and connected to each other, one of which acts as primary exchanger and the other secondary exchanger, a deflector member being interposed between these two beams, and thus arranged, that the hot gases generated by the burner first through the primary heat exchanger, through the interstices separating its turns from the inside to the outside, then the secondary heat exchanger, through the interstices separating its turns from the outside to the inside, after which they are evacuated via said sleeve;
- the deflector is integral with said bundles of tubes;
- the burner being mounted inside said beam acting as primary heat exchanger, said baffle has a discoid shape and is integral with the end of this burner, this baffle being lined at its periphery with a thermally insulating gasket which applies against the inside of the beam;
- said envelope consists of two molded half-shells contiguous and secured to each other, for example by welding;
- the edges opposite said bent portions have a row of notches approximately semi-circular, or semi-ovalized, able to grip the rectilinear end portions of the tube, or the tubes, constituent (s) of the winding, when these arched parts are placed side by side.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront de la description et des dessins annexés qui en représentent, à simple titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des modes de réalisation possibles.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the description and the accompanying drawings which represent, by way of non-limiting examples, possible embodiments.
Sur ces dessins :
- la
figure 1 est une vue de face schématique d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, coupé par le plan vertical référencé I-I sur lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 2 est une vue de gauche schématique de l'appareil de lafigure 1 ; - les
figures 3 sont des vues similaires auxet 4figures 1 et 2 respectivement, représentant le faisceau de tubes et ses moyens de contention uniquement ; - la
figure 5 est une vue analogue à lafigure 1 , représentant un second mode de réalisation possible de l'échangeur dont l'encombrement axial est plus faible ; - la
figure 6 est une vue de côté de l'échangeur de lafigure 5 , illustrant le mode de contention du faisceau qui y est mis en oeuvre ; - la
figure 7 représente ces moyens de contention vus de face, et de manière schématique ; - la
figure 8 est une vue de détail montrant une variante possible du détecteur de température susceptible d'être mis en oeuvre, en remplacement de celui illustré sur lafigure 5 ; - la
figure 9 illustre le fonctionnement de l'appareil de lafigure 5 ; - les
figures 10 ,11 et 12 sont des vues analogues, respectivement, à celles desfigures 1 ,2 et 3 , représentant un troisième mode de réalisation d'un échangeur conforme à l'invention, dépourvu de brûleur ; - les
figures 13 et14 sont des vues schématiques, respectivement de face et de côté d'un échangeur conforme à l'invention, coupé par un plan vertical passant par l'axe de l'enroulement, cet échangeur étant similaire au mode de réalisation de lafigure 5 , mais comportant une virole assurant une fonction d'écran thermique ; - les
figures 15 et 16 représentent, toujours de manière schématique, les deux éléments (non encore cintrés) en forme de bandes, constitutives de la virole.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic front view of a first embodiment of the invention, cut by the vertical plane referenced II on thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 2 is a schematic left view of the device of thefigure 1 ; - the
Figures 3 and 4 are similar views tofigures 1 and2 respectively, representing the bundle of tubes and its restraining means only; - the
figure 5 is a view similar to thefigure 1 , representing a second possible embodiment of the exchanger whose axial size is smaller; - the
figure 6 is a side view of the exchanger of thefigure 5 , illustrating the mode of restraint of the beam which is implemented there; - the
figure 7 represents these contention means seen from the front, and schematically; - the
figure 8 is a detailed view showing a possible variant of the temperature detector that can be implemented, replacing that shown in FIG.figure 5 ; - the
figure 9 illustrates the operation of the device of thefigure 5 ; - the
figures 10 ,11 and 12 are similar views, respectively, to those of thefigures 1 ,2 and3 , representing a third embodiment of an exchanger according to the invention, without a burner; - the
figures 13 and14 are schematic views, respectively of front and side of an exchanger according to the invention, cut by a vertical plane passing through the axis of the winding, this exchanger being similar to the embodiment of thefigure 5 but having a shell providing a heat shield function; - the
Figures 15 and 16 represent, still schematically, the two elements (not yet curved) in the form of bands constituting the ferrule.
L'échangeur représenté sur les
Il s'agit de tubes de section droite aplatie dont les grands côtés sont perpendiculaires à l'axe X-X'. They are straight flattened tubes whose long sides are perpendicular to the X-X ' axis .
Des bossages 200 prévus sur les grandes faces des tubes jouent le rôle d'entretoises, permettant de délimiter entre chaque spire un interstice de valeur calibrée, sensiblement constante.
Cet enroulement est destiné à être traversé intérieurement par le fluide à réchauffer, qui est par exemple de l'eau.This winding is intended to be traversed internally by the fluid to be heated, which is for example water.
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, il est prévu trois éléments tubulaires hélicoïdaux accolés, branchés en série, dans lequel le fluide à réchauffer circule de la gauche vers la droite.In the illustrated embodiment, there are three helical tubular elements contiguous, connected in series, wherein the fluid to be heated circulates from left to right.
Des collecteurs 15, 16, qui sont fixés à l'enveloppe 1 permettent le branchement de l'appareil, de manière classique, sur un conduit d'amenée du fluide froid, qui doit être réchauffé, et d'évacuation du fluide chaud.
Ces collecteurs assurent également le transfert du fluide en circulation, d'un élément tubulaire à l'enroulement voisin.These collectors also transfer the circulating fluid from a tubular element to the neighboring winding.
Chaque élément tubulaire possède des portions d'extrémité droite, c'est-à-dire d'axe rectiligne, et de section progressivement variable, dont la partie d'extrémité débouchante est circulaire.Each tubular element has straight end portions, that is to say rectilinear axis, and of progressively variable section, whose opening end portion is circular.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur la
On peut noter qu'une disposition similaire est également prévue pour le troisième mode de réalisation illustré sur les
Au contraire, pour le second mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré sur les
Les embouchures d'entrée et de sortie 20, 21 des éléments tubulaires sont sertis convenablement et de manière étanche dans des ouvertures ad hoc prévues dans l'enveloppe 1, comme cela est visible sur la
Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, l'enveloppe 1 est en matière plastique.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the
Elle est par exemple obtenue par roto-moulage ou moulage par injection.It is for example obtained by roto-molding or injection molding.
L'enveloppe est faite de deux demi coquilles qui sont thermosoudées l'une à l'autre après que le faisceau tubulaire ait été installé à l'intérieur de l'une d'elles.The envelope is made of two half-shells which are heat-sealed to each other after the tubular bundle has been installed inside one of them.
L'enveloppe 1 est ouverte sur l'un de ses côtés, en l'occurrence du côté situé sur la gauche, si on considère la
En cours d'utilisation de l'appareil, une partie de la vapeur d'eau contenue dans les gaz brûlés se condense au contact des parois des tubes.During use of the apparatus, part of the water vapor contained in the flue gases condenses on contact with the walls of the tubes.
La référence 10 désigne la paroi de fond de l'enceinte ; de manière connue, ce fond est en pente, ce qui permet l'évacuation des condensats vers un orifice de sortie 13.
La paroi arrière de l'enveloppe porte la référence 11 ; celle-ci possède un renfoncement 110 qui, comme on le verra plus loin, forme un canal permettant le passage des gaz brûlés et des fumées et les canalisant vers une manchette d'évacuation 12.The rear wall of the casing has the
Bien entendu, l'orifice 13 est connecté à un conduit d'évacuation des condensats, tandis que la manchette 12 est branchée sur un conduit d'évacuation des fumées, par exemple un conduit de cheminée. Ces conduits ne sont pas représentés sur les figures.Of course, the
Le côté ouvert de l'enveloppe est obturé par un élément de façade 3.The open side of the envelope is closed by a
Ce dernier est fixé sur toute sa périphérie par un rebord 30 qui est serti de manière hermétique aux gaz sur un bourrelet périphérique 14 bordant l'entrée de l'enveloppe.The latter is fixed on its entire periphery by a
Un joint d'étanchéité, par exemple en silicone (non représenté) peut avantageusement être prévu à ce niveau.A seal, for example silicone (not shown) can advantageously be provided at this level.
La plaque de façade 3, qui est par exemple en acier inoxydable, est normalement obturée par une porte amovible 4.The
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, la porte 4 est en deux parties ; elle est composée d'une plaque externe 40, en métal ou en matière plastique résistant à la chaleur, et d'une plaque interne 41 en matériau isolant, par exemple à base de céramique.In the embodiment shown, the
Ces deux plaques sont traversées en partie centrale par une ouverture qui est traversée par un brûleur 6, par exemple un brûleur à gaz, qui est solidarisé avec la porte 4 par des moyens non représentés.These two plates are traversed in central part by an opening which is traversed by a
Des moyens appropriés raccordés sur le brûleur 6 permettent d'amener à l'appareil un mélange de combustible gaz et d'air, tel que propane + air.Suitable means connected to the
Ces moyens peuvent consister notamment en un ventilateur fixé sur la porte, apte à insuffler le mélange gazeux dans le brûleur, ou en un conduit flexible branché sur la porte.These means may consist in particular of a fan attached to the door, suitable for blowing the gas mixture into the burner, or a flexible conduit connected to the door.
Le brûleur 6 est un tube cylindrique à extrémité fermée, dont la paroi est percée d'une multitude de petits trous qui permettent le passage du mélange combustible, radialement vers l'extérieur du tube.The
La surface extérieure de cette paroi constitue la surface de combustion. Un système d'allumage de type connu, non représenté, comportant par exemple une électrode génératrice d'une étincelle, est bien évidement associé au brûleur.The outer surface of this wall constitutes the combustion surface. An ignition system of known type, not shown, for example comprising a spark generator electrode, is obviously associated with the burner.
Ce dernier est situé coaxialement au milieu de l'enroulement 2, mais il ne s'étend pas sur toute sa longueur.The latter is located coaxially in the middle of the winding 2, but it does not extend over its entire length.
En effet, le faisceau tubulaire 2 est subdivisé en deux parties, l'une 2a située à gauche d'un déflecteur 7, et l'autre 2b située à droite de celui-ci.Indeed, the
Le déflecteur 7 est un disque en matériau thermiquement isolant, par exemple à base de céramique ; il est porté par une armature en forme de plaque mince 70, en acier inoxydable, dont le bord périphérique est inséré entre deux spires adjacentes du faisceau.The
On a ici affaire à un échangeur double, tel que représenté à la
La partie 2b du faisceau réalise un préchauffage du fluide, lequel circule de la droite vers la gauche si on considère la
Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, les spires du faisceau tubulaire 2 sont fermement maintenues appliqués les unes contre les autres au moyen d'un système de contention mécanique.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the turns of the
Il s'agit, en l'occurrence, d'un ensemble de quatre tirants 5, constitués par des tiges cylindriques en acier inoxydable, et qui sont associés à des éléments d'appui pour chacune des deux extrémités opposées du faisceau.This is, in this case, a set of four
Comme on le voit sur la
Du côté opposé, qui correspond à la gauche des
De ce côté, les portions d'extrémité des tirants 5 sont filetées ; elles traversent des orifices appropriés ménagés à la périphérie de la plaque de façade 3.On this side, the end portions of the
Des écrous 500 vissés sur ces portions filetées 50 assurent la mise sous tension des tirants, de manière à appliquer avec force (de la droite vers la gauche) la plaque 30 contre la dernière spire du faisceau 2 et, corrélativement, (en sens inverse) la façade 3 contre la première spire de ce faisceau.500 nuts screwed on these threaded
Le faisceau 2 se trouve ainsi axialement comprimé avec force entre les éléments d'appui 3 et 30.The
On notera que les portions d'extrémité 50 sont relativement longues ; elles dépassent au-delà des écrous 500 sur une longueur non négligeable, comme on peut le voir sur la
En effet, les portions 50 ont également pour fonction d'assurer le centrage et la fixation de la porte 4 contre la façade 3.Indeed, the
A cet effet, la plaque 40 constitutive de la porte, dont le diamètre est plus grand que celui de la partie isolante 41, est traversé de quatre trous permettant l'engagement des portions 50.For this purpose, the
La fixation est assurée par des écrous 400, qui sont avantageusement des écrous autofreinés, pour réduire le risque de desserrage intempestif, en particulier sous l'effet des vibrations..Fixing is provided by
Un joint annulaire à lèvres 42 logé dans une gorge appropriée ménagée dans la plaque 40 permet d'appliquer cette dernière de manière étanche aux fumées contre la face externe de la façade 3.An
Comme on le voit sur la
A l'observation de la
Les dilatations qui tendent à se produire sous l'effet de la pression interne régnant dans le tube de l'enroulement 2 sont contrariées par les tirants et les éléments d'appui qui absorbent intégralement les efforts de la poussée axiale.The expansions that tend to occur under the effect of the internal pressure prevailing in the tube of the winding 2 are counteracted by the tie rods and the bearing elements which fully absorb the forces of the axial thrust.
Il n'y a aucune répercussion de cette poussée contre la paroi de l'enveloppe contenant cet ensemble.There is no impact of this thrust against the wall of the envelope containing this set.
Le faisceau tubulaire peut être maintenu en place à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe simplement par suite de la liaison par emboîtement des parties d'extrémité des tubes 20, 21 dans les logements prévus dans l'enveloppe pour les recevoir.The tubular bundle can be held in place inside the casing simply as a result of the interlocking connection of the end portions of the
On notera par ailleurs qu'il est prévu au dessus de la zone arrière de l'enroulement 2 une cloison déflectrice 8, laquelle recouvre partiellement la plaque annulaire arrière 30, jusqu'à son ouverture centrale 300.Note also that there is provided above the rear area of the winding 2 a deflecting
Cette cloison participe avantageusement au bon maintien du faisceau à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe.This partition advantageously participates in the good maintenance of the beam inside the envelope.
Elle est fixée à la paroi interne de l'enveloppe et s'étend obliquement sous la manchette 12. Elle a de préférence une forme arquée, de contour en arc de cercle, entourant la zone supérieure du faisceau.It is fixed to the inner wall of the envelope and extends obliquely under the
Les gaz chauds générés par le brûleur 6 traversent tout d'abord la première partie 2a du faisceau 2 (situé sur la gauche du déflecteur 7), en passant entre les interstices des tubes radialement, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur.The hot gases generated by the
Grâce à la présence de la cloison 8, ils ne peuvent s'échapper immédiatement par la manchette 12.Thanks to the presence of the
Ils doivent traverser la partie arrière 2b de l'échangeur (située sur la droite de la plaque déflectrice 7), cette fois de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, réalisant un préchauffage de l'eau qui circule dans le faisceau tubulaire.They must pass through the
Enfin, les gaz refroidis s'échappent via le canal arrière délimité par la paroi 110, pour rejoindre la manchette d'évacuation 12.Finally, the cooled gases escape via the rear channel delimited by the
La matière plastique constitutive de l'enveloppe est choisie pour résister en continu à des températures de l'ordre de 150° à 160°C.The constituent plastic of the casing is chosen to withstand continuously temperatures of the order of 150 ° to 160 ° C.
Il s'agit avantageusement d'un matériau composite à base de résine chargé de fibres ou d'écailles de verre.It is advantageously a resin-based composite material loaded with fibers or glass flakes.
Comme type de résine particulièrement approprié on peut citer un composé de polyphénilène oxyde, de polystyrène et de polypropylène, un tel matériau étant approprié pour résister aux agressions chimiques des fumées chaudes et des condensats.As a particularly suitable type of resin include a compound of polyphenylene oxide, polystyrene and polypropylene, such a material being suitable to withstand the chemical attack of hot fumes and condensates.
La paroi de l'enveloppe 1 peut être relativement fine, par exemple d'épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 4 mm, du fait qu'elle n'est pas exposée à des contraintes mécaniques importantes.The wall of the
En vue de la maintenance, il est facile d'avoir accès à l'intérieur de la partie avant de l'échangeur, qui est la seule réellement exposée à l'encrassement dû aux fumées ; il suffit pour cela de dévisser les écrous 400 et de retirer axialement l'ensemble constitué par la porte 4 et le brûleur 6 qui en est solidaire.For maintenance, it is easy to access the inside of the front part of the exchanger, which is the only one actually exposed to fouling due to fumes; it suffices to unscrew the
Après nettoyage, la mise en place de cet ensemble est tout aussi facile.After cleaning, setting up this set is just as easy.
Ces opérations de démontage et de remontage n'ont aucun effet sur la contention opérée par les tirants 5, qui restent actifs malgré l'enlèvement momentané de la porte.These disassembly and reassembly operations have no effect on the contention operated by the
Dans une variante d'exécution, de ce dispositif, il serait possible de fixer le déflecteur discoïde 7 à l'extrémité du brûleur 6.In an alternative embodiment of this device, it would be possible to fix the
Dans ce cas, la porte 4, le brûleur 6 et le déflecteur 7 formeraient un ensemble démontable en bloc, ce qui permettrait d'avoir accès pour le nettoyage à la totalité de l'espace intérieur de l'enroulement, y compris dans la portion arrière qui assure le préchauffage.In this case, the
Bien entendu, dans cette hypothèse, il serait nécessaire de prévoir tout autour du disque déflecteur 7 un joint d'étanchéité annulaire, hautement résistant à la chaleur, venant s'appuyer contre la surface interne du faisceau pour éviter le passage direct des gaz à ce niveau, vers la partie 2b.Of course, in this case, it would be necessary to provide all around the deflector disk 7 a ring seal, highly heat resistant, coming to bear against the inner surface of the beam to prevent the direct passage of gases to the level, to
Dans le second mode de réalisation de l'invention qui est illustré sur les
Les éléments identiques ou similaires à ceux du premier mode de réalisation ont été affectés des mêmes chiffres de référence, et ne sera pas donné à nouveau une explication quant à leur nature et à leur fonction.Elements identical or similar to those of the first embodiment have been assigned the same reference numerals, and will not be given again an explanation as to their nature and function.
On notera que cet échangeur présente une compacité axiale plus grande que celle du premier mode de réalisation.It will be noted that this exchanger has an axial compactness greater than that of the first embodiment.
Comme déjà dit, les portions d'extrémité rectilignes des tubes s'étendent tangentiellement à l'enroulement, leurs axes étant contenus dans un même plan longitudinal, disposé latéralement (voir
Par ailleurs, du côté opposé à la façade 3, les tirants 5 sont fixés non pas à une plaque annulaire 30, mais une paire de tiges plates coudées 30a, 30b, dont les zones centrales sont en appui contre un secteur angulaire, de surface relativement limitée, de la spire d'extrémité correspondante.Furthermore, on the opposite side to the
Comme on le voit sur la
On notera (voir
Dans ce renfoncement est montée une sonde de température 9.In this recess is mounted a
Il s'agit d'un coupe-circuit thermique, qui est monté de façon étanche par rapport à l'enveloppe. A cet effet, la sonde 9 est avantageusement maintenue en place au moyen d'un circlips dans une cuvette en acier inoxydable emboîtée dans le renfoncement 80, lequel est ouvert vers le bas, un joint approprié assurant l'étanchéité entre la cuvette et la paroi du renfoncement 80.It is a thermal cut-out, which is mounted sealingly with respect to the casing. For this purpose, the
Cette sonde est reliée à la commande du brûleur, et est adaptée pour provoquer l'arrêt du brûleur lorsque la température détectée excède un seuil prédéterminé, par exemple de 160° C.This probe is connected to the burner control, and is adapted to cause the burner to stop when the detected temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, for example 160 ° C.
Une surchauffe anormale peut se produire accidentellement par exemple en cas d'absence d'eau dans les tubes ou en cas de mauvaise circulation de l'eau dans les tubes, par exemple à cause d'un bouchage de l'un d'eux.Abnormal overheating can occur accidentally for example in the absence of water in the tubes or in case of poor circulation of water in the tubes, for example because of a clogging of one of them.
En l'absence de toute sécurité, il risquerait de se produire une élévation très importante de la température des fumées sortant des tubes placés autour du brûleur, et qui viennent au contact avec l'intérieur de l'enveloppe en matière plastique. En effet, les fumées ne transmettraient plus suffisamment leur chaleur aux tubes.In the absence of any safety, it could occur a very significant rise in the temperature of the fumes exiting tubes placed around the burner, and which come into contact with the inside of the plastic casing. In fact, the fumes would not transmit enough heat to the tubes.
Il pourrait se poser alors un problème de tenue mécanique de la matière plastique et une détérioration grave, voir une inflammation de l'enveloppe.It could then pose a problem of mechanical strength of the plastic material and serious deterioration, see an ignition of the envelope.
Dans la variante illustrée sur la
Le circuit électrique d'alimentation de la chaudière est connecté à deux cosses 90' et 91' qui sont reliées via ce thermo fusible 92'.The electrical supply circuit of the boiler is connected to two lugs 90 'and 91' which are connected via this thermo fuse 92 '.
En cas d'élévation anormale de la température, par exemple au-delà de 160° C, la fusion de cet élément 92' rompt le circuit électrique entre les deux cosses 91', 90', provoquant l'arrêt de la commande du brûleur.In case of abnormal rise in temperature, for example above 160 ° C, the melting of this element 92 'breaks the electrical circuit between the two lugs 91', 90 ', causing the stop of the burner control .
La
Après allumage du brûleur, celui-ci génère des gaz brûlants, par exemple à une température de 1000° C, qui se propage radialement vers l'extérieur comme symbolisé par les flèches F1 .After ignition of the burner, it generates hot gases, for example at a temperature of 1000 ° C, which propagates radially outwardly as symbolized by the arrows F 1 .
Ces gaz brûlants traversent les interstices de la première partie de l'échangeur 2a, radialement, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur (flèches F2 ). These hot gases pass through the interstices of the first part of the
Au cours de ce passage, une grande partie de la chaleur des gaz brûlants est transmise via la paroi des tubes à l'eau qui y circule, si bien que la température des gaz chauds à la sortie de la partie de faisceau 2b est -à titre indicatif- de l'ordre de 110 à 140°C.During this passage, a large part of the heat of the hot gases is transmitted via the wall of the tubes to the water circulating therein, so that the temperature of the hot gases at the outlet of the
On notera que la présence du déflecteur 6 empêche l'échappement axial des gaz brûlants F1. It will be noted that the presence of the
Les gaz partiellement refroidis traversent ensuite la seconde partie 2b de l'échangeur, cette fois de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, comme symbolisé par les flèches F3. The partially cooled gases then pass through the
Une partie supplémentaire de la chaleur est ainsi transmise à l'eau circulant dans les tubes. La température des gaz qui s'échappent de l'appareil (flèches F4 et F5), à titre indicatif est de l'ordre de 65 à 70° C.An additional part of the heat is thus transmitted to the water circulating in the tubes. The temperature of the gases that escape from the device (arrows F 4 and F 5 ), as an indication is of the order of 65 to 70 ° C.
Quant à l'eau, elle est réchauffée généralement de la température ambiante à une température de l'ordre de 80° C.As for the water, it is generally heated from room temperature to a temperature of about 80 ° C.
Bien entendu, le flux de l'eau se fait à contresens du flux des fumées, le préchauffage intervenant dans la zone 2b de l'échangeur et le chauffage proprement dit dans la zone 2a.Of course, the flow of water is against the flow of smoke, the preheating occurring in
Dans le mode de réalisation qui est représenté sur les
L'enveloppe comporte une manchette E d'admission des gaz chauds, lesquels proviennent d'une source extérieure.The casing comprises an inlet sleeve E for hot gases, which originate from an external source.
Cette manchette débouche à l'intérieur de l'enroulement de tubes 2.This sleeve opens into the winding of
Il s'agit là d'une disposition analogue à celle qui fait l'objet de la figure 19 du brevet européen précité.This is a provision similar to that which is the subject of Figure 19 of the aforementioned European patent.
Les mêmes chiffres de référence ont été utilisés pour désigner des éléments identiques à ceux du premier mode de réalisation, le cas échéant affecté de l'indice "prime" lorsque les éléments sont similaires mais non identiques.The same reference numbers have been used to designate elements identical to those of the first embodiment, where appropriate affected by the "prime" index when the elements are similar but not identical.
Il s'agit ici d'un échangeur simple (sans préchauffage).This is a simple heat exchanger (without preheating).
Les gaz chauds qui pénètrent dans l'enceinte intérieure de l'enveloppe, via la manchette E, s'échappent radialement de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur du faisceau tubulaire 2, réchauffant le fluide qui y circule ; les gaz refroidis s'échappent par la manchette 12.The hot gases that penetrate into the inner enclosure of the envelope, via the sleeve E, escape radially from the inside towards the outside of the
Les éléments tubulaires constitutifs de l'enroulement peuvent être disposés en parallèle, les collecteurs d'entrée et de sortie 15' respectivement 16' assurant leur collecte et leur répartition soit en entrée soit en sortie des tubes.The tubular elements constituting the winding can be arranged in parallel, the inlet and outlet manifolds 15 'respectively 16' ensuring their collection and distribution either at the inlet or at the outlet of the tubes.
L'enveloppe 1' est en matière plastique.The envelope 1 'is made of plastic.
Les moyens de contention mécanique du faisceau sont similaires à ceux du premier mode de réalisation.The means of mechanical restraint of the beam are similar to those of the first embodiment.
Ils comprennent un jeu de quatre tirants qui sont fixés à leurs extrémités, par soudure par exemple, à des plaques 30, 3'.They comprise a set of four tie rods which are fixed at their ends, for example by welding, to
La plaque 30 située du côté de la manchette d'admission E est un disque dont le centre présente une ouverture 300 venant en correspondance avec le passage d'entrée des gaz délimité par la manchette E. The
La plaque de fond 3' est un disque non ajouré.The bottom plate 3 'is a non-perforated disc.
Il obture la partie arrière de l'enroulement, obligeant l'ensemble des gaz chauds à sortir à travers les interstices des spires.It closes the rear part of the winding, forcing all the hot gases out through the interstices of the turns.
Pour éviter que la paroi de fond de l'enveloppe située en regard de la plaque 3', laquelle est exposée aux gaz chauds, un jeu j est prévu entre ces deux éléments.To prevent the bottom wall of the envelope facing the plate 3 ', which is exposed to the hot gases, a game j is provided between these two elements.
Bien entendu, cet appareil peut également être équipé d'une sonde de température adaptée pour arrêter l'admission des gaz chauds lorsque la sonde détecte une température excessive prédéterminée.Of course, this apparatus can also be equipped with a temperature probe adapted to stop the admission of hot gases when the probe detects a predetermined excessive temperature.
Pour revenir aux deux premiers modes de réalisation, il convient de noter que le brûleur mis en oeuvre n'est pas forcément de forme cylindrique ; il pourrait avoir une forme plate ou hémisphérique tout en restant solidaire de la porte.To return to the first two embodiments, it should be noted that the burner used is not necessarily cylindrical; it could have a flat or hemispherical shape while remaining attached to the door.
Le gain de poids obtenu par l'utilisation d'une enveloppe plastique est de l'ordre de 20 % par rapport à un appareil similaire, ayant les mêmes performances, mais dont l'enveloppe est métallique.The weight gain obtained by the use of a plastic envelope is of the order of 20% compared to a similar device, having the same performance, but whose envelope is metallic.
La variante d'échangeur illustrée sur les
Cependant, comme cela va être expliqué, elle comporte une virole qui joue le rôle d'un écran thermique.However, as will be explained, it has a shell that plays the role of a heat shield.
En effet, la partie annulaire de paroi de l'enveloppe 1 qui entoure l'enroulement 2 est garnie intérieurement d'une virole 100. Celle-ci est réalisée en tôle mince d'acier inoxydable, dont l'épaisseur est par exemple de l'ordre de 0,3 à 0,4 mm environ.Indeed, the annular wall portion of the
Cette virole prend appui contre la face interne de l'enveloppe, avec un certain espacement j (voir
L'espacement j et la présence des bossages 101, dont l'appui contre l'enveloppe 1 se fait par des zones de très faible surface - quasi ponctuelles - permet de réduire considérablement la transmission de la chaleur absorbée par la virole 100 à la paroi qui l'entoure.The spacing j and the presence of the
A ses extrémités, cette virole prend appui, du côté avant contre la façade 3, et de l'autre côté contre les cloisons 8-8'.At its ends, this ferrule is supported on the front side against the
Sa longueur axiale, qui correspond sensiblement à celle de l'enroulement 2, est référencée K sur la
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la virole 100 est constituée de deux parties distinctes, initialement planes, représentées sur les
Ce sont des bandes de tôle en acier inoxydable de largeur K et de longueur L1, respectivement L2. These are strips of stainless steel sheet of width K and length L 1 , respectively L 2 .
Sur ses bords longitudinaux, chacune des bandes 100a, 100b, présente une série de quatre encoches 102, de forme sensiblement semi-circulaire ou semi-ovalisée, complémentaire de la forme de la section des portions d'extrémité des tubes au niveau de la paroi 1 qu'ils traversent.On its longitudinal edges, each of the
La longueur L1 de la bande 100a est notablement supérieure à celle L2 de la bande 100b.The length L 1 of the
La somme L1 + L2 correspond approximativement (compte tenu de l'espacement j) à la circonférence de la paroi interne de l'enveloppe 1 contre laquelle viennent s'appliquer les bandes 100a et 100b après avoir été cintrées pour s'accommoder à la courbure de la paroi de l'enveloppe 1. Comme on le voit sur la
L'élément court 100b est placé du côté où sont situées les embouchures 20', 21' des tubes, à l'extérieur de ces dernières (sur la gauche de la
Ils sont accolés par leurs bords longitudinaux (parallèles à X-X') et enserrent avec un faible jeu par leurs encoches 102 - convenablement conformées et positionnées à cet effet - les portions d'extrémité, ou embouchures, des tubes constituant l'enroulement 2.They are contiguous by their longitudinal edges (parallel to X-X ' ) and grip with a small clearance by their notches 102 - suitably shaped and positioned for this purpose - the end portions, or mouths, of the tubes constituting the winding 2.
En raison de leur élasticité, les deux bandes de tôle s'appliquent intimement, par l'intermédiaire de leurs bossages 101 contre la face interne de enveloppe, sans nécessité de recourir à des moyens de fixation spécifiques. Ils forment ainsi une virole qui isole de manière relativement étanche ladite face interne de l'enveloppe des gaz chauds circulant dans échangeur, jouant le rôle d'un écran thermique ou isothermique.Due to their elasticity, the two sheet metal strips apply intimately, via their
Dans le cas où, comme sur le mode de réalisation illustré à la
En pratique cela ne pose pas de difficulté car cette zone a une surface très limitée, et l'excès de chaleur qui y apparaît est évacué par transfert thermique vers la région de paroi avoisinante, moins chaude.In practice this does not pose a problem because this area has a very limited surface area, and excess heat that appears there is evacuated by heat transfer to the surrounding wall region, less hot.
La présence de la virole a pour effet d'abaisser la température à laquelle la paroi de l'enveloppe est exposée d'une valeur de l'ordre de 15 à 20° C, ce qui permet de faire usage d'une matière plastique moins noble et par conséquent moins coûteuse que celle utilisable avec les modes de réalisation précédemment décrits (dépourvus de virole), et/ou d'en améliorer la tenue dans le temps ainsi que la longévité.The presence of the ferrule has the effect of lowering the temperature at which the wall of the envelope is exposed by a value of the order of 15 to 20 ° C, which makes it possible to use a plastic material less noble and therefore less expensive than that used with the embodiments described above (without ferrule), and / or to improve the behavior over time and longevity.
Claims (16)
- A condensation heat exchanger associated with a gas or fuel burner (6), which comprises at least one bundle (2) of tubes, which bundle consists of one tube, or a group of tubes arranged end to end, forming a helical winding, in which the wall of the tube or tubes is made of a highly thermally conductive material and has a flattened oval cross section whose major axis is perpendicular, or approximately perpendicular, to that (X-X') of the helix, while the width of the gap separating two adjacent turns is constant and appreciably smaller than the thickness of said cross section, this bundle being mounted fixedly inside a gas-impermeable casing (1), means being provided for circulating a fluid to be heated up, in particular cold water, inside the tube or tubes constituting said bundle (2), this casing (1) having a sleeve (12) for the discharge of the burnt gases, this exchanger thus being arranged such that the hot gases generated by the burner (6) pass radially, or approximately radially, through said bundle via the gaps separating its turns, this exchanger containing means (5; 3-30) for mechanically retaining said bundle in its axial direction, these means being able to absorb the thrust loads resulting from the internal pressure of the fluid which circulates therein and which tends to deform the walls thereof, while preventing these loads from being transmitted to the casing (1), said retaining means comprising a set of ties (5) which extend outside the bundle (2), parallel to the axis (X-X') of the helix, and whose ends are fixed to bearing elements (3, 30) pressing against the two opposed faces of the bundle, characterized in that, on the one hand, said casing (1) is made of heat-resistant plastic and in that, on the other hand, the exchanger contains a shroud (100) arranged outside said bundle (2) and inside said plastic casing (1), this shroud (100) being kept at a certain distance (j) from the internal surface of said plastic casing (1), for example by means of a series of bosses (101) stamped into the wall of the shroud (100), in order to act as a heat shield which is able to insulate this casing from the heat emitted by the burnt gases.
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it contains a temperature probe (9; 9') borne by said casing (1) which is able to shut down the burner when the temperature prevailing inside the casing, in the vicinity of this probe, exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said shroud (100) is made from thin stainless steel sheet.
- The exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3,characterized in that the bearing element (3, 30) situated at one of the ends of the set of ties is a thin plate, for example in the form of a disk, which is cut out in its central part and consequently has an annular shape.
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said plate (3) serves as a facing which partially closes off an open face of the casing and is fastened to the latter at its periphery, for example by crimping.
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the end portions (50) of the ties pass through said facing (3) in such a way as to project slightly outward, and in that these end portions (50) are threaded such that they allow a door (4) to be mounted removably against the facing by means of nuts (400).
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that said door (4) is fixed to the burner (6).
- The exchanger as claimed in one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that these are four ties (5) arranged substantially in a square, and in that the bearing elements situated on the opposite side to said facing consist of a pair of arcuate or bent straps (30a, 30b) configured to follow the contour of the bundle (2) as closely as possible and pressing against two diametrically opposed regions thereof, each strap (30a, 30b) being fastened to a pair of neighboring ties (5).
- The exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plastic constituting the casing (1) us a composite material based on glass-fiber-reinforced or glass-flake-reinforced resin.
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that said resin is a compound of polyphenylene oxide, polysterene and polypropylene.
- The exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises two bundles of coaxial tubes (2a, 2b) situated end to end and connected to one another, one of which serves as a primary exchanger and the other as a secondary exchanger, a deflecting member (7) being sandwiched between these two bundles and thus arranged such that the hot gases generated by the burner pass first through the primary exchanger (2a), passing through the gaps separating its turns from the inside to the outside, and then through the secondary exchanger (2b), passing through the gaps separating its turns from the outside to the inside, after which they are discharged via said sleeve (12).
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that said deflector (7) is fixed to said bundles of tubes (2a, 2b).
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, since the burner (6) is mounted inside said bundle serving as primary exchanger (2a), said deflector (7) has a discoid shape and is fixed to the end of this burner, this deflector being equipped at its periphery with a thermally insulating seal which presses against the inside of the bundle.
- The exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said casing (1) consists of two molded half-shells brought together and secured to one another, for example by welding.
- The exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said shroud (100) consists of two complementary rounded parts (100a, 100b) brought together so as to form an annular casing fitting to the circumference of the internal surface of said plastic casing (1), taking into account the distance (j) between said shroud and said internal surface.
- The exchanger as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the mutually facing edges of said rounded parts (100a, 100b) have a row of approximately semicircular or semioval notches (102) which are able to tightly enclose the rectilinear end portions of the tube or tubes constituting the winding when these rounded parts (100a, 100b) are brought together.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0212848A FR2846075B1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CONDENSATION, PLASTIC ENVELOPE |
FR0212848 | 2002-10-16 | ||
FR0300775 | 2003-01-24 | ||
FR0300775A FR2850451B3 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CONDENSATION, PLASTIC ENVELOPE |
PCT/FR2003/002984 WO2004036121A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-10 | Condensation heat exchanger with plastic casing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1561075A1 EP1561075A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
EP1561075B1 true EP1561075B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
Family
ID=32109204
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03808754.0A Expired - Lifetime EP1561075B1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-10 | Condensation heat exchanger with plastic casing |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7281497B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1561075B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4087407B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100979333B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003301454A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2502526C (en) |
PL (1) | PL210367B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2317490C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004036121A1 (en) |
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2003
- 2003-10-10 EP EP03808754.0A patent/EP1561075B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-10 US US10/531,290 patent/US7281497B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-10 JP JP2005501299A patent/JP4087407B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-10 RU RU2005114521/06A patent/RU2317490C2/en active
- 2003-10-10 KR KR1020057006627A patent/KR100979333B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-10-10 CA CA2502526A patent/CA2502526C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-10 PL PL375399A patent/PL210367B1/en unknown
- 2003-10-10 AU AU2003301454A patent/AU2003301454A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-10 WO PCT/FR2003/002984 patent/WO2004036121A1/en active Application Filing
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EP3208552A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-23 | Vaillant GmbH | Heating heat exchanger |
DE102016202578A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | Vaillant Gmbh | Heater core |
EP3220073A1 (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-20 | Vaillant GmbH | Helical heat exchanger |
DE102016215210A1 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2018-02-22 | Vaillant Gmbh | Helical heating heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7281497B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 |
RU2317490C2 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
CA2502526A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
JP4087407B2 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
WO2004036121A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
PL375399A1 (en) | 2005-11-28 |
KR100979333B1 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
AU2003301454A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
US20060196450A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
EP1561075A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
RU2005114521A (en) | 2006-01-20 |
PL210367B1 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
KR20050088280A (en) | 2005-09-05 |
CA2502526C (en) | 2010-11-30 |
JP2006503260A (en) | 2006-01-26 |
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