EP1557677B1 - Electricity meter assembly - Google Patents

Electricity meter assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1557677B1
EP1557677B1 EP04030810A EP04030810A EP1557677B1 EP 1557677 B1 EP1557677 B1 EP 1557677B1 EP 04030810 A EP04030810 A EP 04030810A EP 04030810 A EP04030810 A EP 04030810A EP 1557677 B1 EP1557677 B1 EP 1557677B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
meter
section
electricity meter
adapter
fastening surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04030810A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1557677A3 (en
EP1557677A2 (en
Inventor
Klaus-Peter Dipl.-Ing. Eppe
Ralf Dipl.-Ing. Wieland (FH)
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ABB Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004028223A external-priority patent/DE102004028223A1/en
Application filed by ABB Patent GmbH filed Critical ABB Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1557677A2 publication Critical patent/EP1557677A2/en
Publication of EP1557677A3 publication Critical patent/EP1557677A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1557677B1 publication Critical patent/EP1557677B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
    • G01R22/066—Arrangements for avoiding or indicating fraudulent use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/02—General constructional details
    • G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
    • G01R22/065—Details of electronic electricity meters related to mechanical aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power meter arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an electricity meter device of the aforementioned type in which an electricity meter can be placed on an adapter and mounted in this, which adapter is housed in a counter space.
  • the electricity meter is placed perpendicular to the mounting plane on the adapter, with the attached to the Stromzäher connection lugs are inserted into the inside of the adapter;
  • the terminal lugs engage in recesses on bridging elements, which bridge the fixed contact pieces inside the adapter, which are each located in a phase line train.
  • the terminal lugs When moving the electricity meter in the direction of the mounting plane, the terminal lugs take with them the bridging elements, so that they get free of the contact pieces, while the terminal lugs of the electricity meter with the fixed contact pieces reach an electrically conductive connection.
  • the procedure is reversed for disassembly: when moving the electricity meter, the terminal lugs take the bridging element with it, and in the position in which the electricity meter can be removed, bridge the bridging elements, the contact pieces, so that both during assembly and during disassembly, especially during disassembly, the flow of electricity to the consumers is not interrupted.
  • the electricity meter must first be brought into its initial position on the adapter and then by a displacement perpendicular to its end position.
  • the DE 100 52 998 A1 shows an alternative embodiment of a receiving platform for an electricity meter unit with means for forming a bridging between their terminals when disconnecting the electricity meter unit from the platform.
  • the power meter unit is placed with its mounting surface on the receiving platform and moved parallel to the mounting surface in the direction of its final position.
  • the DE 203 13 421 U1 shows a sealing device for a plug-in and slidably mounted on a counter support plate electricity meter, wherein a plugged into the electricity meter and positively held Plombierriegel in the functional position of the electricity meter secures this against displacement.
  • Objects of the invention is to provide a power meter assembly of the type mentioned, in which the assembly is further simplified.
  • the receiving adapter for the electricity meter comprises at least one guide means for the electricity meter, which has at least one inclined surface on which the electricity meter slides after putting on the guide means in its end position.
  • the electricity meter has not reached its correct position (pre-assembly) when placing, so that the displacement is at least hampered; in the inventive arrangement, the feet put on the inclined surface and the electricity meter is then in its correct pre-assembly. To get to its end position, the electricity meter is moved on the inclined surface, so that the terminal lugs can slide into the fixed contacts in the adapter.
  • the inclined surface has at least two sections, of which a first section leads the electric meter such that its terminal lugs reach the area of the fixed contact pieces on the adapter, without coming into electrically conductive connection with these, and of which the second portion, which is steeper than the first portion, is dimensioned so that the terminal lugs in the fixed contact pieces in the other Move be lowered.
  • the first section with the fastening plane forms an angle between 5 ° and 10 °.
  • the second section is steeper and takes with the mounting plane an angle between 20 ° to 40 °, preferably 30 °. Both angles are dependent on the length of the terminal lugs, the length of the fixed contact pieces, measured perpendicular to the bottom surface of the adapter, and the height of the adapter, also measured perpendicular to the mounting surface.
  • the inclined surface may also be curved, in a particularly advantageous manner S-shaped, wherein the first portion is directed with its convex side to the electricity meter and the second portion with its concave side to the electricity meter out. This will allow the installation of an electricity meter with a softer movement.
  • An electricity meter assembly 10 has an adapter 11 which is formed approximately as the adapter according to the aforementioned German patent application DE 103 44 736.9 , with respect to this adapter some changes are made, which include the inventive solution.
  • an electricity meter 12 is mounted on the adapter 11.
  • the underside 13 of the adapter 11, which is located on the side of the adapter 11 opposite the current meter 12, is placed in an installation distribution on a counter cross and fastened there.
  • the free legs projecting in the same direction.
  • the fastening surface 18 facing edges 19 of the L-shape are chamfered (the reference numeral 19 is for the sake of clarity only assigned to the foot 14; Of course, the other feet 15 to 17 have the same inclined inner edge).
  • protrude terminal lugs 20 which are assigned to each other in pairs and at which 12 corresponding current sensors, with which the consumed current is measured, are assigned inside the electricity meter. In the installed state accordingly flows the current through power supply terminals, located inside the adapter fixed contact pieces on the terminal lugs 20 through the electric meter 12 and from there via the associated terminal lugs then to the Stromab arrangementsan say.
  • the configuration of the power supply and discharge connections and the fixed contact pieces in the interior of the adapter is also the DE 103 44 736.9 refer to.
  • FIG. 2 The electricity meter 12 is inserted into the adapter 11. It can be seen in particular from FIG. 3 two stationary contact pieces lying in a phase 21 and 22, which are formed here as U-shaped contact tulips (see also Fig. 10), the legs 23 and 24 perpendicular to the mounting surface of the electricity meter 12 on the adapter 11th or of the adapter 11 at the counter cross (not shown).
  • a Questionbrückurigselement 25 which is designed as a ribbon conductor, wherein the broad side is perpendicular to the mounting surface.
  • the bridging member 25 has a recess 27 into which one of the terminal lugs 20 at least partially engages when inserting the electricity meter on the adapter.
  • the feet 15 and 16 can be seen, wherein the foot 15 rests on a standing on the bottom side of the adapter 11 or perpendicular thereto molded base 28.
  • the electricity meter 12 has four feet 14 to 17; Accordingly, four sockets 28 are provided in the adapter, so that all four feet on the associated Stand up pedestals.
  • the base shown the foot 16 is omitted for clarity; the other sockets are - as well as the feet 14 and 17 - not visible in the view of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of a base 28.
  • Its end edge 30 has a first portion 31 which is inclined relative to the mounting surface by an angle ⁇ 1 ; this angle ⁇ 1 is dimensioned such that the connecting lug 20 reaches straight into the region of the contact tulip 21, but has not yet come into contact with the contact tulip 21 or with the legs 24 and 23.
  • a second section 33 which forms an angle ⁇ 2 with the fastening surface; as soon as the foot slides on this inclined surface, the connecting lug 20 comes into contact with the legs 23 and 24; during the slipping over which engages the section 31, as shown in Fig. 3, the terminal lug 20 partially into the recess 27, so that the bridging element is taken from the terminal lug 20.
  • the terminal lug 20 touches the contact tulip 21 and the bridging element is also still in contact with the two contact tulips 21 and 22.
  • the electricity meter is in its final assembly position; the bridging element 25 has then left the contact tulip 21 and the recess 27 is located in the region of the contact tulip 22, so that an electrically conductive connection between the contact tulips 21 and 22 and the bridging element is no longer present.
  • the current now flows completely over the ammeter. In an intermediate position, the current flows both via the ammeter and via the bridging element; This ensures an uninterruptible power supply when mounting and vice versa when disassembling.
  • angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are to be dimensioned in accordance with the height H of the contact tulip; it is necessary that the course described above is achieved. This depends on the height H of the contact tulip and the dimensions of the terminal lugs and the adapter 11.
  • a third section 35 adjoins the section 33, on which the foot 15 can slide; this section 35 is provided in particular for achieving a contact cleaning between the terminal lugs and the contact tulip. Only in addition, this area will still serve to a certain lock, especially when the foot 15 is formed as shown in Fig. 11: attached to the power meter 12 foot 40 has a leg 41 of the power meter facing inner edge 42 has a bevel 43 and directly to the web 44 then has a further section 45 which extends parallel to the mounting plane.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a base; the front edge 50 has as an inclined surface 51, a first portion 52, whose convex side to the electricity meter, and a steeper portion 53, whose convex side is directed towards the electricity meter.
  • the section 53 terminates in a tangent T, which runs parallel to the mounting surface of the electricity meter 12.
  • the sockets 28 and 50A further have a fourth portion 54, 55 and 56 which is parallel to the mounting surface and upon which the foot comes to rest after insertion perpendicular to the mounting plane, thereby defining a unique pre-assembly position.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a base 50B in which the third portion 35 is extended; the foot 15 then sits on this section 35.
  • the Stromzumbleer 12 has on its front side 113, on which a display window 114 is provided, a rectangular recess 115, which opens into a perpendicular thereto side surface 116. From the bottom surface 117 of the recess 115 protrudes the head 118 of a sealing rod 119 (see Fig. 11) out, which has at its end face a slot 120 and below transverse to a through hole 121 through a lead wire (not shown) can be threaded therethrough, with a tab 123 provided with a through hole 122 provided on the power meter 12; the sealing then takes place in that through the through hole 121 and the opening 122 of the sealing wire can be inserted therethrough.
  • the slot 120 is provided for the engagement of a tool for rotating the sealing bar 119.
  • FIG. 12 shows a recess cut 125, whereby a notional plane 126 is formed, which runs exactly through the central axis of the sealing bar 119 and shows that the sealing bar 119 reaches through a passage opening 127 in the flow meter 12.
  • Fig. 13 shows this partially in an enlarged view.
  • the sealing bar 119 also passes through an opening 128 in the bottom of the electricity meter 12 and an opening 129 in the power meter 12 facing cover plate 130 of the adapter 11.
  • a power meter 12 outwardly projecting post 132 is formed in the a sleeve 133 is pressed or cast with an internal thread 134.
  • An external thread 135 is then screwed into the internal thread 134 at the end of the sealing rod 119 opposite the head 118.
  • the power meter 12 With the screwing of the sealing bar 119 into the sleeve 133, which may be made of metal, the power meter 12 is firmly connected to the adapter 11, so that simultaneously with the seal and the locking of the power meter 12 is achieved on the adapter.
  • the internal thread can of course also be fixed in a suitable manner to the cover plate 130.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
  • Distribution Board (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

A retaining adapter (11) for a current indicator (12) fits on a meter-mounting board in an electric wiring distribution. Fixed inside the adapter, contact pieces when assembled maintain an electrically conductive link with connection elements on the current indicator/meter that controls bridging elements (25) to short-circuit the fixed contact pieces if the current indicator/meter is dismantled.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stromzähleranordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a power meter arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

Durch die DE 103 44 736.9 ist eine Stromzählereinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen worden, bei der ein Stromzähler auf einen Adapter aufsetzbar und in diesen montierbar ist, welcher Adapter in einem Zählerplatz untergebracht ist. Zur Montage wird der Stromzähler senkrecht zur Befestigungsebene auf den Adapter aufgesetzt, wobei die am Stromzäher angebrachten Anschlussfahnen ins Innere des Adapters eingeführt sind; dabei greifen die Anschlussfahnen in Aussparungen an Überbrückungselementen ein, die die feststehenden Kontaktstücke im Inneren des Adapters, die jeweils in einem Phasenleitungszug liegen, überbrücken. Bei Verschieben des Stromzählers in Richtung der Befestigungsebene nehmen die Anschlussfahnen die Überbrückungselemente mit, so dass diese von den Kontaktstücken freikommen, während die Anschlussfahnen des Stromzählers mit den feststehenden Kontaktstücken eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung erreichen. Für die Demontage ist der Vorgang umgekehrt: Beim Verschieben des Stromzählers nehmen die Anschlussfahnen das Überbrückungselement mit, und in der Stellung, in der der Stromzähler entfernt werden kann, überbrücken die Überbrückungselemente die Kontaktstücke, so dass sowohl bei der Montage als auch bei der Demontage, insbesondere bei der Demontage, der Stromfluss zu den Verbrauchern nicht unterbrochen wird.By the DE 103 44 736.9 an electricity meter device of the aforementioned type has been proposed, in which an electricity meter can be placed on an adapter and mounted in this, which adapter is housed in a counter space. For mounting the electricity meter is placed perpendicular to the mounting plane on the adapter, with the attached to the Stromzäher connection lugs are inserted into the inside of the adapter; In this case, the terminal lugs engage in recesses on bridging elements, which bridge the fixed contact pieces inside the adapter, which are each located in a phase line train. When moving the electricity meter in the direction of the mounting plane, the terminal lugs take with them the bridging elements, so that they get free of the contact pieces, while the terminal lugs of the electricity meter with the fixed contact pieces reach an electrically conductive connection. The procedure is reversed for disassembly: when moving the electricity meter, the terminal lugs take the bridging element with it, and in the position in which the electricity meter can be removed, bridge the bridging elements, the contact pieces, so that both during assembly and during disassembly, especially during disassembly, the flow of electricity to the consumers is not interrupted.

Bei dieser Ausgestaltung muss der Stromzähler zunächst in seine Ausgangslage am Adapter und danach durch eine Verschiebung senkrecht dazu in seine Endlage gebracht werden.In this embodiment, the electricity meter must first be brought into its initial position on the adapter and then by a displacement perpendicular to its end position.

Die DE 100 52 998 A1 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform einer Aufnahmeplattform für eine Stromzählereinheit mit Einrichtungen für die Bildung einer Überbrückung zwischen ihren Anschlusskontakten bei Abkoppelung der Stromzählereinheit von der Plattform. Die Stromzählereinheit wird dabei mit ihrer Befestigungsfläche auf die Aufnahmeplattform aufgesetzt und parallel zur Befestigungsfläche in Richtung ihrer Endposition verschoben.The DE 100 52 998 A1 shows an alternative embodiment of a receiving platform for an electricity meter unit with means for forming a bridging between their terminals when disconnecting the electricity meter unit from the platform. The power meter unit is placed with its mounting surface on the receiving platform and moved parallel to the mounting surface in the direction of its final position.

Die DE 203 13 421 U1 zeigt eine Plombiereinrichtung für einen steck- und verschiebbar auf einer Zählertragplatte angeordneten Elektrizitätszähler, wobei ein in den Elektrizitätszähler eingesteckter und formschlüssig gehaltener Plombierriegel in der Funktionsstellung des Elektrizitätszählers diesen gegen Verschieben sichert.The DE 203 13 421 U1 shows a sealing device for a plug-in and slidably mounted on a counter support plate electricity meter, wherein a plugged into the electricity meter and positively held Plombierriegel in the functional position of the electricity meter secures this against displacement.

Aufgaben der Erfindung ist es, eine Stromzähleranordnung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der die Montage weiter vereinfacht wird.Objects of the invention is to provide a power meter assembly of the type mentioned, in which the assembly is further simplified.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Erfindungsgemäß also umfasst der Aufnahmeadapter für den Stromzähler wenigstens ein Führungsmittel für den Stromzähler, welches wenigstens eine Schrägfläche aufweist, auf der der Stromzähler nach dem Aufsetzen auf das Führungsmittel in seine Endstellung gleitet.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. According to the invention, the receiving adapter for the electricity meter comprises at least one guide means for the electricity meter, which has at least one inclined surface on which the electricity meter slides after putting on the guide means in its end position.

Hierbei wird ausgenutzt, dass an der Befestigungsfläche senkrecht dazu angeordnete L-förmige Füße vorgesehen sind, deren freie Schenkel in gleiche Richtung vorspringen. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Führungsmittel ist am Adapter je eine Schrägfläche für jeden Fuß vorgesehen, auf die beim Einsetzen des Stromzählers die Füße aufstehen und auf der sie und damit der Stromzähler in ihre Endstellung gleiten.In this case, use is made of the fact that L-shaped feet arranged perpendicularly to the fastening surface are provided, the free legs of which protrude in the same direction. According to a further embodiment of the guide means an inclined surface for each foot is provided on the adapter, get up on the feet when inserting the electricity meter and on which they slide and thus the electricity meter in its final position.

Bei der bekannten Ausführung könnte es sein, dass der Stromzähler beim Aufsetzen nicht in seine korrekte Stellung (Vormontagestellung) gelangt ist, so dass das Verschieben zumindest behindert wird; bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung setzen sich die Füße auf die Schrägfläche auf und der Stromzähler befindet sich dann in seiner korrekten Vormontagestellung. Um in seine Endstellung zu gelangen, wird der Stromzähler auf der Schrägfläche verschoben, so dass die Anschlussfahnen in die feststehenden Kontaktstücke im Adapter eingleiten können.In the known embodiment, it could be that the electricity meter has not reached its correct position (pre-assembly) when placing, so that the displacement is at least hampered; in the inventive arrangement, the feet put on the inclined surface and the electricity meter is then in its correct pre-assembly. To get to its end position, the electricity meter is moved on the inclined surface, so that the terminal lugs can slide into the fixed contacts in the adapter.

Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung besitzt die Schrägfläche wenigstens zwei Abschnitte, von denen ein erster Abschnitt den Stromzähler derart führt, dass seine Anschlussfahnen in den Bereich der feststehenden Kontaktstücke am Adapter gelangen, ohne mit diesen in elektrisch leitende Verbindung zu kommen, und von denen der zweite Abschnitt, der steiler ist als der erste Abschnitt, so bemessen ist, dass die Anschlussfahnen in die feststehenden Kontaktstücke beim weiteren Verschieben abgesenkt werden.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the inclined surface has at least two sections, of which a first section leads the electric meter such that its terminal lugs reach the area of the fixed contact pieces on the adapter, without coming into electrically conductive connection with these, and of which the second portion, which is steeper than the first portion, is dimensioned so that the terminal lugs in the fixed contact pieces in the other Move be lowered.

Da bei dem Durchlaufen des ersten Abschnittes ein Einsenken der Anschlussfahnen in die Kontaktstücke verhindert werden soll, bildet der erste Abschnitt mit der Befestigungsebene einen Winkel zwischen 5° bis 10°. Damit die Anschlussfahnen in die Kontaktstücke gelangen, ist der zweite Abschnitt steiler und nimmt mit der Befestigungsebene einen Winkel zwischen 20° bis 40° ein, vorzugsweise 30°. Beide Winkel sind abhängig von der Länge der Anschlussfahnen, der Länge der feststehenden Kontaktstücke, senkrecht zur Bodenfläche des Adapters gemessen, und der Höhe des Adapters, ebenfalls senkrecht zur Befestigungsfläche gemessen.Since, when passing through the first section, a countersinking of the terminal lugs into the contact pieces is to be prevented, the first section with the fastening plane forms an angle between 5 ° and 10 °. Thus, the terminal lugs get into the contacts, the second section is steeper and takes with the mounting plane an angle between 20 ° to 40 °, preferably 30 °. Both angles are dependent on the length of the terminal lugs, the length of the fixed contact pieces, measured perpendicular to the bottom surface of the adapter, and the height of the adapter, also measured perpendicular to the mounting surface.

Die Schrägfläche kann auch gekrümmt sein, und zwar in besonders vorteilhafter Weise S-förmig, wobei der erste Abschnitt mit seiner konvexen Seite zum Stromzähler und der zweite Abschnitt mit seiner konkaven Seite zum Stromzähler hin gerichtet ist. Dadurch wird die Montage eines Stromzählers mit einer weicheren Bewegung erfolgen.The inclined surface may also be curved, in a particularly advantageous manner S-shaped, wherein the first portion is directed with its convex side to the electricity meter and the second portion with its concave side to the electricity meter out. This will allow the installation of an electricity meter with a softer movement.

Andererseits ist die Herstellung der Schrägfläche mit den beiden geraden Abschnitten gemäß Anspruch 4 einfacher herzustellen.On the other hand, the production of the inclined surface with the two straight sections according to claim 4 is easier to manufacture.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verbesserungen der Erfindung sind den abhängigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

Anhand der Zeichnungen, in der Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind, sollen die Erfindung sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verbesserungen und weitere Vorteile näher erläutert und beschrieben werden.Reference to the drawings, are shown in the embodiments of the invention, the invention and further advantageous refinements and improvements and other advantages to be explained and described in detail.

Es zeigenShow it

Fig. 1Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Adapters und eines Stromzählers, vor der Montage,a perspective view of an adapter and a power meter, before mounting,
Fig. 2Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Ansicht der Anordnung nach Fig. 1, im Vormontagezustand, wobei die dem Betrachter zugewandte Schmalseitenfläche zum besseren Einblick weggelassen ist,1 is a perspective view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1, in the preassembled state, wherein the narrow side surface facing the viewer has been omitted for better insight;
Fig. 3Fig. 3
die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 2 in vergrößerter Teildarstellung,the arrangement of FIG. 2 in an enlarged partial view,
Fig. 4Fig. 4
eine weitere Vergrößerung der Ausgestaltung gemäß Fig. 3,a further enlargement of the embodiment according to FIG. 3,
Fig. 5Fig. 5
die Anordnung gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 4 in einer zweiten Stellung,the arrangement according to FIGS. 1 to 4 in a second position,
Fig. 6 bis 8Fig. 6 to 8
unterschiedliche Schrägflächen,different inclined surfaces,
Fig. 9Fig. 9
eine Seitenansicht auf eine Anschlussfahne und ein zugehöriges feststehendes Kontaktstück,a side view of a terminal lug and an associated stationary contact piece,
Fig. 10Fig. 10
eine Ansicht gemäß Pfeilrichtung X der Fig. 9, unda view according to arrow X of FIG. 9, and
Fig. 11Fig. 11
die Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung eines Fußes, undthe side view of another embodiment of a foot, and
Fig. 12 bis 14Fig. 12 to 14
eine Verriegelung mittels einer Plombierstange.a lock by means of a sealing rod.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Stromzähleranordnung 10 besitzt einen Adapter 11, der etwa so ausgebildet ist wie der Adapter gemäß der eingangs genannten deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 103 44 736.9 , wobei gegenüber diesem Adapter einige Änderungen vorgenommen sind, die die erfindungsgemäße Lösung beinhalten. Auf den Adapter 11 wird ein Stromzähler 12 montiert. Die Unterseite 13 des Adapters 11, die sich auf der dem Stromzähler 12 entgegengesetzten Seite des Adapters 11 befindet, wird in einer Installationsverteilung auf ein Zählerkreuz aufgesetzt und dort befestigt.An electricity meter assembly 10 according to the invention has an adapter 11 which is formed approximately as the adapter according to the aforementioned German patent application DE 103 44 736.9 , with respect to this adapter some changes are made, which include the inventive solution. On the adapter 11, an electricity meter 12 is mounted. The underside 13 of the adapter 11, which is located on the side of the adapter 11 opposite the current meter 12, is placed in an installation distribution on a counter cross and fastened there.

Im Inneren des Adapters befinden sich, wie weiter unten näher erläutert werden wird, feststehende Kontaktstücke sowie Überbrückungselemente.Inside the adapter are, as will be explained in more detail below, fixed contacts and bridging elements.

Auf der Befestigungsseite des Stromzählers 12 sind vier L-förmige Füße 14, 15, 16 und 17 angeformt, deren freie Schenkel in gleiche Richtung vorspringen. Die der Befestigungsfläche 18 zugewandten Kanten 19 der L-Form sind abgeschrägt (die Bezugsziffer 19 ist der Übersichtlichkeit halber lediglich dem Fuß 14 zugeordnet; selbstverständlich besitzen die anderen Füße 15 bis 17 die gleiche schräg verlaufende Innenkante).On the mounting side of the electricity meter 12 four L-shaped feet 14, 15, 16 and 17 are formed, the free legs projecting in the same direction. The fastening surface 18 facing edges 19 of the L-shape are chamfered (the reference numeral 19 is for the sake of clarity only assigned to the foot 14; Of course, the other feet 15 to 17 have the same inclined inner edge).

Auf der Befestigungsseite 18 ragen Anschlussfahnen 20 hervor, die paarweise einander zugeordnet sind und an denen im Inneren des Stromzählers 12 entsprechende Stromsensoren, mit denen der verbrauchte Strom gemessen wird, zugeordnet sind. Im eingebauten Zustand fließt demgemäss der Strom über Stromzuführungsanschlüsse, im Inneren des Adapters befindliche feststehende Kontaktstücke über die Anschlussfahnen 20 durch den Stromzähler 12 hindurch und von dort über die zugehörigen Anschlussfahnen dann zu den Stromabführungsanschlüsse.On the attachment side 18 protrude terminal lugs 20, which are assigned to each other in pairs and at which 12 corresponding current sensors, with which the consumed current is measured, are assigned inside the electricity meter. In the installed state accordingly flows the current through power supply terminals, located inside the adapter fixed contact pieces on the terminal lugs 20 through the electric meter 12 and from there via the associated terminal lugs then to the Stromabführungsanschlüsse.

Die Ausgestaltung der Stromzu- bzw. Abführungsanschlüsse sowie der feststehenden Kontaktstücke im Inneren des Adapters ist ebenfalls der DE 103 44 736.9 zu entnehmen.The configuration of the power supply and discharge connections and the fixed contact pieces in the interior of the adapter is also the DE 103 44 736.9 refer to.

Es sei nun Bezug genommen auf die Fig. 2.
Der Stromzähler 12 ist in den Adapter 11 eingesetzt. Man erkennt insbesondere aus der Fig. 3 zwei in einer Phase liegende feststehende Kontaktstücke 21 und 22, die hier als U-förmige Kontakttulpen ausgebildet sind (siehe auch Fig. 10), deren Schenkel 23 und 24 senkrecht zur Befestigungsfläche des Stromzählers 12 am Adapter 11 bzw. des Adapters 11 am Zählerkreuz (nicht gezeigt) verlaufen.Reference is now made to FIG. 2.
The electricity meter 12 is inserted into the adapter 11. It can be seen in particular from FIG. 3 two stationary contact pieces lying in a phase 21 and 22, which are formed here as U-shaped contact tulips (see also Fig. 10), the legs 23 and 24 perpendicular to the mounting surface of the electricity meter 12 on the adapter 11th or of the adapter 11 at the counter cross (not shown).

Zwischen den feststehenden Kontaktstücken 21 und 22 befindet sich ein Überbrückurigselement 25, das als Flachbandleiter ausgebildet ist, wobei dessen Breitseite senkrecht zur Befestigungsfläche verläuft. An seiner zum Stromzähler 12 hinweisenden Längskante 26 besitzt das Überbrückungselement 25 eine Aussparung 27, in die eine der Anschlussfahnen 20 beim Einsetzen des Stromzählers auf den Adapter wenigstens teilweise eingreift.Between the fixed contact pieces 21 and 22 is a Überbrückurigselement 25, which is designed as a ribbon conductor, wherein the broad side is perpendicular to the mounting surface. At its to the power meter 12 indicative longitudinal edge 26, the bridging member 25 has a recess 27 into which one of the terminal lugs 20 at least partially engages when inserting the electricity meter on the adapter.

Innerhalb des Adapters 11 sind die Füße 15 und 16 zu erkennen, wobei der Fuß 15 auf einem an der Bodenseite des Adapters 11 aufstehenden bzw. senkrecht dazu angeformten Sockel 28 aufliegt. Der Stromzähler 12 besitzt vier Füße 14 bis 17; demgemäss sind auch im Adapter vier Sockel 28 vorgesehen, so dass alle vier Füße auf den zugehörigen Sockeln aufstehen. Der dem Fuß 16 dargestellte Sockel ist zur Verdeutlichung weggelassen; die anderen Sockel sind - ebenso wie die Füße 14 und 17 - in der Ansicht gemäß Fig. 3 nicht sichtbar.Within the adapter 11, the feet 15 and 16 can be seen, wherein the foot 15 rests on a standing on the bottom side of the adapter 11 or perpendicular thereto molded base 28. The electricity meter 12 has four feet 14 to 17; Accordingly, four sockets 28 are provided in the adapter, so that all four feet on the associated Stand up pedestals. The base shown the foot 16 is omitted for clarity; the other sockets are - as well as the feet 14 and 17 - not visible in the view of FIG.

Die Fig. 6 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines Sockels 28.FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of a base 28.

Dessen Stirnkante 30 besitzt einen ersten Abschnitt 31, der gegenüber der Befestigungsfläche um einen Winkel α1 geneigt ist; dieser Winkel α1 ist so bemessen, dass die Anschlussfahne 20 gerade in den Bereich der Kontakttulpe 21 gelangt, aber mit der Kontakttulpe 21 bzw. mit den Schenkeln 24 und 23 noch nicht in Kontakt gelangt ist. Sobald der Fuß 15 über den Knickpunkt 32 hinweggleitet, gelangt er in einen zweiten Abschnitt 33, der mit der Befestigungsfläche einen Winkel α2 bildet; sobald der Fuß auf dieser Schrägfläche abgleitet, gelangt die Anschlussfahne 20 in Kontakt mit den Schenkeln 23 und 24; während des Abgleitens über die den Abschnitt 31 greift, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, die Anschlussfahne 20 teilweise in die Aussparung 27 ein, so dass das Überbrückungselement von der Anschlussfahne 20 mitgenommen wird. Bei weiterem Abgleiten des Fußes 15 auf dem Abschnitt 33 und Erreichen einer bestimmten Stellung berührt die Anschlussfahne 20 die Kontakttulpe 21 und das Überbrückungselement ist ebenfalls noch mit den beiden Kontakttulpen 21 und 22 in Berührung. Sobald der Fuß 15 den Endpunkt 34 der Schrägfläche 30 erreicht hat, befindet sich der Stromzähler in seiner Endmontagestellung; das Überbrückungselement 25 hat dann die Kontakttulpe 21 verlassen und die Aussparung 27 befindet sich im Bereich der Kontakttulpe 22, so dass eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den Kontakttulpen 21 und 22 und dem Überbrückungselement nicht mehr gegeben ist. Der Strom fließt nun vollständig über den Strommesser. In einer Zwischenstellung fließt der Strom sowohl über den Strommesser als auch über das Überbrückungselement; dadurch wird beim Montieren und umgekehrt beim Demontieren eine unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung gewährleistet.Its end edge 30 has a first portion 31 which is inclined relative to the mounting surface by an angle α 1 ; this angle α 1 is dimensioned such that the connecting lug 20 reaches straight into the region of the contact tulip 21, but has not yet come into contact with the contact tulip 21 or with the legs 24 and 23. As soon as the foot 15 slides over the break point 32, it passes into a second section 33, which forms an angle α 2 with the fastening surface; as soon as the foot slides on this inclined surface, the connecting lug 20 comes into contact with the legs 23 and 24; during the slipping over which engages the section 31, as shown in Fig. 3, the terminal lug 20 partially into the recess 27, so that the bridging element is taken from the terminal lug 20. Upon further sliding of the foot 15 on the section 33 and reaching a certain position, the terminal lug 20 touches the contact tulip 21 and the bridging element is also still in contact with the two contact tulips 21 and 22. Once the foot 15 has reached the end point 34 of the inclined surface 30, the electricity meter is in its final assembly position; the bridging element 25 has then left the contact tulip 21 and the recess 27 is located in the region of the contact tulip 22, so that an electrically conductive connection between the contact tulips 21 and 22 and the bridging element is no longer present. The current now flows completely over the ammeter. In an intermediate position, the current flows both via the ammeter and via the bridging element; This ensures an uninterruptible power supply when mounting and vice versa when disassembling.

Die Winkel α1 und α2 sind entsprechend der Höhe H der Kontakttulpe zu bemessen; erforderlich ist, dass der oben beschriebene Verlauf erreicht wird. Dies hängt ab von der Höhe H der Kontakttulpe und den Abmessungen der Anschlussfahnen sowie des Adapters 11.The angles α 1 and α 2 are to be dimensioned in accordance with the height H of the contact tulip; it is necessary that the course described above is achieved. This depends on the height H of the contact tulip and the dimensions of the terminal lugs and the adapter 11.

Bei der Ausführung gemäß Fig. 7 schließt sich an den Abschnitt 33 ein dritter Abschnitt 35 an, auf den der Fuß 15 gleiten kann; dieser Abschnitt 35 ist vorgesehen insbesondere zur Erzielung einer Kontaktreinigung zwischen den Anschlussfahnen und der Kontakttulpe. Lediglich ergänzend wird dieser Bereich noch zu einer gewissen Verriegelung dienen, insbesondere dann, wenn der Fuß 15 so ausgebildet ist wie in Fig. 11 dargestellt: der am Stromzähler 12 angebrachte Fuß 40 besitzt einen Schenkel 41 dessen zum Stromzähler weisende Innenkante 42 eine Abschrägung 43 und direkt an den Steg 44 anschließend einen weiteren Abschnitt 45 aufweist, der parallel zur Befestigungsebene verläuft.In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, a third section 35 adjoins the section 33, on which the foot 15 can slide; this section 35 is provided in particular for achieving a contact cleaning between the terminal lugs and the contact tulip. Only in addition, this area will still serve to a certain lock, especially when the foot 15 is formed as shown in Fig. 11: attached to the power meter 12 foot 40 has a leg 41 of the power meter facing inner edge 42 has a bevel 43 and directly to the web 44 then has a further section 45 which extends parallel to the mounting plane.

Die Fig. 8 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Sockels; die Stirnkante 50 besitzt als Schrägfläche 51 einen ersten Abschnitt 52, dessen konvexe Seite zum Stromzähler, und einen steileren Abschnitt 53, dessen konvexe Seite zum Stromzähler hin gerichtet ist. Der Abschnitt 53 endet dabei in einer Tangente T, die parallel zur Befestigungsfläche des Stromzählers 12 verläuft.Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a base; the front edge 50 has as an inclined surface 51, a first portion 52, whose convex side to the electricity meter, and a steeper portion 53, whose convex side is directed towards the electricity meter. The section 53 terminates in a tangent T, which runs parallel to the mounting surface of the electricity meter 12.

Die Sockel 28 und 50A besitzen weiterhin einen vierten Abschnitt 54, 55 und 56, der parallel zur Befestigungsfläche verläuft und auf den der Fuß nach Einsetzen senkrecht zur Befestigungsebene zum Aufliegen kommt, wodurch eine eindeutige Vormontageposition definiert ist.The sockets 28 and 50A further have a fourth portion 54, 55 and 56 which is parallel to the mounting surface and upon which the foot comes to rest after insertion perpendicular to the mounting plane, thereby defining a unique pre-assembly position.

Wenn der Sockel 28 gemäß Fig. 6 verwendet wird, ist ein Absatz 45 der Innenkante 42 nicht erforderlich.When the socket 28 of FIG. 6 is used, a shoulder 45 of the inner edge 42 is not required.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt eine Ausführung eines Sockels 50B, bei dem der dritte Abschnitt 35 verlängert ist; der Fuß 15 sitzt dann auf diesem Abschnitt 35.Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a base 50B in which the third portion 35 is extended; the foot 15 then sits on this section 35.

Der Stromzäher 12 weist an seiner Frontseite 113, an der ein Anzeigenfenster 114 vorgesehen ist, eine rechteckige Vertiefung 115 auf, die in einer senkrecht dazu verlaufende Seitenfläche 116 einmündet. Aus der Bodenfläche 117 der Vertiefung 115 ragt der Kopf 118 einer Plombierstange 119 (siehe Fig. 11) heraus, der an seiner Stirnfläche einen Schlitz 120 und darunter quer dazu eine Durchgangsbohrung 121 aufweist, durch die ein Plombierungsdraht (nicht dargestellt) hindurch gefädelt werden kann, wobei am Stromzähler 12 eine mit einer Durchgangsöffnung 122 versehene Lasche 123 vorgesehen ist; die Plombierung erfolgt dann dadurch, dass durch die Durchgangsbohrung 121 und die Öffnung 122 der Plombierdraht hindurch gesteckt werden kann. Der Schlitz 120 ist für den Eingriff eines Werkzeuges zum Verdrehen der Plombierstange 119 vorgesehen.The Stromzäher 12 has on its front side 113, on which a display window 114 is provided, a rectangular recess 115, which opens into a perpendicular thereto side surface 116. From the bottom surface 117 of the recess 115 protrudes the head 118 of a sealing rod 119 (see Fig. 11) out, which has at its end face a slot 120 and below transverse to a through hole 121 through a lead wire (not shown) can be threaded therethrough, with a tab 123 provided with a through hole 122 provided on the power meter 12; the sealing then takes place in that through the through hole 121 and the opening 122 of the sealing wire can be inserted therethrough. The slot 120 is provided for the engagement of a tool for rotating the sealing bar 119.

Die Fig. 12 zeigt einen Vertiefungsschnitt 125, wodurch eine fiktive Ebene 126 gebildet ist, die genau durch die Mittelachse der Plombierstange 119 hindurch verläuft und die zeigt, dass die Plombierstange 119 eine Durchgangsöffnung 127 im Stromzähler 12 durchgreift. Die Fig. 13 zeigt dies teilweise in vergrößerter Darstellung.FIG. 12 shows a recess cut 125, whereby a notional plane 126 is formed, which runs exactly through the central axis of the sealing bar 119 and shows that the sealing bar 119 reaches through a passage opening 127 in the flow meter 12. Fig. 13 shows this partially in an enlarged view.

Die Plombierstange 119 durchgreift dabei auch einen Durchbruch 128 im Boden des Stromzählers 12 und eine Durchbrechung 129 in der dem Stromzähler 12 zugewandten Abdeckplatte 130 des Adapters 11. An der Bodenseite 131 des Adapters 11 ist ein zum Stromzähler 12 hin vorspringender Pfosten 132 angeformt, in den eine Hülse 133 mit einem Innengewinde 134 eingepresst bzw. eingegossen ist. In das Innengewinde 134 wird dann ein Außengewinde 135 an dem dem Kopf 118 entgegengesetzten Ende der Plombierstange 119 eingeschraubt.The sealing bar 119 also passes through an opening 128 in the bottom of the electricity meter 12 and an opening 129 in the power meter 12 facing cover plate 130 of the adapter 11. At the bottom side 131 of the adapter 11 is a power meter 12 outwardly projecting post 132 is formed in the a sleeve 133 is pressed or cast with an internal thread 134. An external thread 135 is then screwed into the internal thread 134 at the end of the sealing rod 119 opposite the head 118.

Mit dem Einschrauben der Plombierstange 119 in die Hülse 133, die aus Metall hergestellt sein kann, wird der Stromzähler 12 mit dem Adapter 11 fest verbunden, so dass gleichzeitig mit der Plombierung auch die Verriegelung des Stromzählers 12 am Adapter erzielt ist.With the screwing of the sealing bar 119 into the sleeve 133, which may be made of metal, the power meter 12 is firmly connected to the adapter 11, so that simultaneously with the seal and the locking of the power meter 12 is achieved on the adapter.

Das Innengewinde kann natürlich auch in geeigneter Weise an der Abdeckplatte 130 fixiert sein.The internal thread can of course also be fixed in a suitable manner to the cover plate 130.

Claims (11)

  1. An electricity meter arrangement (10), comprising a meter (12) having a fastening surface (18) and a receiving adapter (11) for the meter (12), which adapter can be attached to a meter position in an electric installation distribution and which comprises at least one guide means (28) for the meter (12), and fixed contact elements arranged within the adapter (11), which in the mounted state are in electrically conductive connection with connection elements on the meter (12), and bridging elements (25) which short-circuits the fixed contact elements under control by the meter (12) when the meter (12) is dismounted, characterized in that the guide means (28) comprises at least one inclined surface (31, 33, 51) on which the meter (12) slides to its end position after the placement on the guide means (28).
  2. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to claim 1, comprising L-shaped feet (14, 15, 16, 17, 40) which are arranged perpendicular thereto on the fastening surface (18) and whose free legs (41) protrude in the same direction, and a number of guide means (28) corresponding to the number of the L-shaped feet, with the feet (14, 15, 16, 17, 40) being placed on the guide means (28) during the insertion of the meter (12) and with the feet, during the displacement of the meter, sliding to its end position on the inclined surfaces (31, 33, 51) of the guide means (28).
  3. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inclined surface comprises at least two sections (31, 33, 35, 54, 55, 56, 53, 52), of which a first section (31, 52) guides the meter (12) in such a way that its terminal lugs (20) reach the area of the fixed contact elements (21, 22) on the adapter without coming into an electrically conductive connection with the same, and of which a second, steeper section (33, 53) is dimensioned in such a way that the terminal lugs (20) can be lowered into the fixed contact elements (21, 22) during the further downward sliding.
  4. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the first section (31, 52) is inclined relative to the fastening plane (18) by an angle of between 5° and 10° and the second section by an angle of between 20° to 40°.
  5. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the inclined surface (51) is curved.
  6. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the inclined surface (12) extends in an S-shaped manner, with a first section (52) whose convex side faces towards the meter (12) and with a second steeper section (53) whose concave side faces towards the meter (12), with the second section (53) trails out at its end into a tangent extending parallel to the fastening plane (18).
  7. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one L-shaped foot (14, 15, 16, 17, 40) being attached to the fastening surface (18), which foot comprises a web (44) and a free leg (41) with an inner edge (19, 42) with at least one edge section facing towards the fastening surface, characterized in that the inner edge (19, 42) of each free leg (41) facing towards the fastening surface (18) is beveled towards its free end, with the angle between the inner edge (19, 42) and the fastening surface (18) corresponding approximately to the angle of the second section (33, 53) of the inclined surfaces with the fastening surface (18).
  8. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner edge (19, 42) of the free leg (41) of the L-shaped foot (14, 15, 16, 17, 40) comprises a first edge section (45) extending parallel to the fastening surface (18) adjacent to the web (44) of the L-shape.
  9. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third section (35) which corresponds to the first edge section (45) of the inner edge (19, 42) of the free leg (41) of the L-shaped foot (14, 15, 16, 17, 40) extending parallel to the fastening surface (18) is adjacent to the second section of the inclined surface (33), which third section extends parallel to the fastening surface (18).
  10. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a lead sealing device with a leading screw, characterized in that the lead sealing device is used for locking the meter (12) to the adapter (11).
  11. An electricity meter arrangement (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the adapter (11) comprises a sleeve with an inner thread into which the leading screw can be screwed which is provided with a connection lead.
EP04030810A 2004-01-20 2004-12-27 Electricity meter assembly Not-in-force EP1557677B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004003050 2004-01-20
DE102004003050 2004-01-20
DE102004028223 2004-06-09
DE102004028223A DE102004028223A1 (en) 2004-01-20 2004-06-09 Current meter structure for indicating current has a current indicator/meter, a retaining adapter on a meter-mounting board, contact pieces and short-circuiting bridging elements

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1557677A2 EP1557677A2 (en) 2005-07-27
EP1557677A3 EP1557677A3 (en) 2005-10-19
EP1557677B1 true EP1557677B1 (en) 2007-08-08

Family

ID=34635218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04030810A Not-in-force EP1557677B1 (en) 2004-01-20 2004-12-27 Electricity meter assembly

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EP (1) EP1557677B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE369566T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502004004562D1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113945745A (en) * 2021-10-21 2022-01-18 国网江苏省电力有限公司连云港供电分公司 Electricity consumption accounting table for smart power grid

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10111584A1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2002-09-12 Geyer Ag Contact device for attaching electricity meter to a domestic supply has a shorting arrangement that allows exchange of an electricity meter to be made without cutting customer supply
DE10054771B4 (en) * 2000-10-23 2004-11-25 Geyer Ag Fastening and contacting device
DE10052998B4 (en) * 2000-10-24 2004-10-07 Hager Electro Gmbh Recording platform for an electricity meter unit
DE20301607U1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2003-04-17 Geyer AG, 90441 Nürnberg Electronic electricity meter adapter suit DIN standard interfaces
DE20313421U1 (en) * 2003-08-29 2003-12-04 Geyer Ag Security sealing system for electricity meter, has bolt with flexure and hooked part engaging housing of meter and bolt end extending through baseplate
DE202004001834U1 (en) * 2004-02-07 2004-05-13 Geyer Ag Multiphase electricity meter has a contact arrangement with a cover plate that prevents removal of the cover plate or removal of the contact arrangement in other than a defined direction

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1557677A3 (en) 2005-10-19
ATE369566T1 (en) 2007-08-15
EP1557677A2 (en) 2005-07-27
DE502004004562D1 (en) 2007-09-20

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