EP1556873B1 - Elektrische schaltvorrichtung, relais sowie elektrisches gerät mit einer solchen vorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische schaltvorrichtung, relais sowie elektrisches gerät mit einer solchen vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1556873B1
EP1556873B1 EP03778439A EP03778439A EP1556873B1 EP 1556873 B1 EP1556873 B1 EP 1556873B1 EP 03778439 A EP03778439 A EP 03778439A EP 03778439 A EP03778439 A EP 03778439A EP 1556873 B1 EP1556873 B1 EP 1556873B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switching device
movable part
electrical
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03778439A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1556873A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Batteux
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1556873A1 publication Critical patent/EP1556873A1/de
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Publication of EP1556873B1 publication Critical patent/EP1556873B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/01—Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H01H2001/545—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force having permanent magnets directly associated with the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H2036/0086—Movable or fixed contacts formed by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switching device comprising at least one electrical contact that can be maintained in a stable position by magnetic means.
  • the invention also relates to an electromagnetic relay with at least two stable states comprising at least a first and a second electrical contact input, control inputs, and at least one such switching device.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical apparatus comprising at least a first and a second electrical contact input, and at least one such switching device.
  • Known switching devices integrated in particular in relays and electrical switching devices such as switches, comprise electrical contacts controlled in particular by a manual control member or an electromagnetic coil.
  • the electrical contacts comprise a fixed part and a moving part to open or close an electrical circuit. Maintaining the electrical contacts in an open or closed position is provided in some devices by a mechanism.
  • electromagnets are associated with magnets to maintain the contacts in stable positions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a bistable relay comprising a contact block 1 with a fixed part 2 having one or more pellets 3 of electrical contact, and a mobile part 4 comprising a flexible plate 5 carrying at least one pad 6 of electrical contact.
  • the contact block of FIG. 1 is an inverter with two electrical contacts connected to connection terminals 7.
  • the contact block 1 is actuated on its mobile part by a bistable electromagnetic device 8 comprising a fixed part 9 and a mobile part 10 mechanically connected. contact block audit.
  • the electromagnetic device 8 comprises a magnetic circuit 11 formed in the fixed part 9 by a magnetic material 12 and a permanent magnet 13, and in the moving part 10 by a pallet held by a spring 14.
  • An electromagnetic coil 15 wound on the magnetic material of the fixed part actuates the displacement of the movable part 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a bistable relay comprising a contact block 1 similar to that of FIG. 1 actuated by an electromagnetic device 16 having a moving part 17 with a permanent magnet 18.
  • the fixed part generally comprises a first or a second magnetic circuit 19 and 20 controlled by electromagnetic coils 21 and 22 for moving the magnet to the first or second magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic induction of said magnet makes it possible to keep the moving part in a stable state.
  • the magnetic circuit that holds the moving part with the magnet becomes a closed magnetic circuit and the other magnetic circuit is open.
  • Some devices of this type include a single electromagnetic control coil and different arrangements of the fixed part. Bistable devices moving a moving part carrying the magnet are described in particular in patents EP0272164B1 and FR2358006.
  • Known switching devices integrated in particular in bistable relays, can switch or cut small electrical currents in good conditions.
  • the known devices are generally bulky.
  • the contact blocks have a significant heating and the magnetic circuits must exert significant forces to move the moving parts.
  • Such switching devices are difficult can be integrated into small electrical devices that can be operated manually.
  • the document FR 2 184 111 describes a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electrical switching device that allows good electrical current conduction, good switching or interruption of electrical circuit and / or having dimensions or a reduced volume.
  • the invention also aims a relay and an electrical device comprising such a device.
  • the electromagnetic actuation means comprise at least one second electromagnetic coil wound on at least one third magnetizable element of the first part to act in attraction or repulsion on at least one second element magnetic element of the second movable portion and for effecting a stable change of state of said second movable portion.
  • the first and the second electromagnetic coils are intended to be controlled by electrical pulses to generate inverted magnetic fields effecting a repulsion and an attraction and to change the stable position of the second mobile part between a first and a second stable position closing at at least one electrical contact between a contact area of the first part and a contact area of the second movable part.
  • the first and the second electromagnetic coils are intended to be controlled by electrical pulses to generate magnetic fields of the same direction effecting two repulsions and to position the second mobile part in a third stable position where the contact areas of the second part mobile are not in electrical contact with the contact areas of the first part.
  • the first part comprises a third magnetizable element for maintaining the second mobile part in the second stable position.
  • the second mobile part comprises at least one permanent magnet disposed near a contact zone.
  • the second moving part is composed of a material comprising a
  • the permanently magnetized part or the permanent magnet have a magnetic induction greater than 1 teslas.
  • the second mobile part has an elongated shape that can pivot and comprises at least one contact zone and a magnetic attraction zone towards at least one end.
  • the second movable portion comprises at least one contact zone and a permanent magnet at a first end and at a second end.
  • the second movable portion has a flexible constitution that can be fixed by a point in a central area, and has at least one contact area and a magnet toward at least one end.
  • the second mobile part has at least one opening towards a central zone.
  • the first, second, third and fourth contact zones are electrically connected to electrical connection means.
  • the second movable part comprises a first permanent magnet towards the first end to cooperate with the first magnetizable element of the first part and a second permanent magnet towards the second end to cooperate with the third magnetizable element of the first part.
  • the switching device comprises holding means for holding the second moving part in a third stable position in which the contact formed by the first and the second contact zones and the contact formed by the third and the fourth contact areas are open.
  • the holding means comprise a flattened support member disposed on the first portion for receiving a first side of the second movable portion and pressure means for maintaining a central zone of the second movable portion against said element.
  • the pressure means are constituted by a spring.
  • the pressure means are constituted by a third permanent magnet and a fourth magnetizable element disposed on the support element and on the central zone of the mobile part.
  • the switching device comprises manual or mechanical actuating means acting on the second movable part to make it change stable state.
  • the second movable portion has a flexible constitution that can be secured by a point in a central area, and has at least one contact area and a two-ended magnet to form two contacts with contact areas. magnetizable elements of the first part, said two contacts being closable simultaneously.
  • At least one magnetic or magnetizable element makes it possible to drive through the material which constitutes it an electric current intended to circulate in at least one electrical contact.
  • An electromagnetic relay with at least two stable states comprising at least first and second electrical contact inputs, control inputs, and at least one switching device as defined above, the first contact input electrical connector being connected to the second moving part, the second electrical contact input being connected to a first contact area of the first part, and the control inputs being connected to at least a first electromagnetic coil disposed on at least a first magnetisable element of the first part.
  • the relay comprises at least a second electromagnetic coil connected to the control inputs and disposed on at least one third magnetizable element of the first part.
  • the relay has at least three stable states and has a third contact area connected to a third contact input and means for holding the second moving part in a third stable position where the electrical contacts between the first the second and third contact areas are open, the first and the second electromagnetic coils being intended to be controlled by attraction and repulsion to establish electrical contact and double repulsion to open the contacts.
  • the switching device comprises at least one second electromagnetic coil connected to the control circuit and disposed on at least one third magnetizable element of the first part.
  • the switching device has three stable states and comprises a third contact zone connected to a third contact input and means for maintaining the second moving part in a third stable position where the electrical contacts between the first, the second and the third contact areas are open, the first and second electromagnetic coils being intended to be controlled by attraction and repulsion to establish at least one electrical contact and double repulsion to open the contacts.
  • the electrical apparatus comprises manual or mechanical actuating means acting on the second mobile part to make it change stable state.
  • control circuit comprises at least one control input that can receive control signals.
  • control signals applied to the input may be bias signals, pulse duration signals and / or pulse number signals.
  • control circuit comprises at least one remote control input per communication bus for receiving control signals.
  • control circuit comprises remote remote control receiving means for receiving control signals.
  • control circuit comprises processing means for processing control signals and controlling the electromagnetic coils according to said signals.
  • processing means perform functions of remote switch, timer and / or controlled switch.
  • a first, preferably fixed, portion 30 comprises a first magnetizable element 31 and a first contact zone 32 associated with said first magnetizable element 31, and a second movable portion.
  • 33 comprises a second magnetic element 34 and a second contact zone 35 associated with said second magnetic element 34.
  • Said second mobile part 33 has at least a first stable position to maintain a first electrical contact 36 closed between the first and the second zone contact 32 and 35 and a second stable position for maintaining said first open electrical contact.
  • Actuating means 37 which can be electromagnetic and possibly manual or mechanical make it possible to act on the second mobile part to change its position.
  • the first or second magnetic member has at least one permanently magnetized portion for maintaining the first closed contact and exerting a contact pressure between the first and second contact areas.
  • the contact pressure is exerted by a magnetic attraction between the first and the second magnetic elements when the moving part is in its first stable position where the first contact 36 is closed.
  • the second magnetic element may be a magnet 38 disposed on the movable portion 33
  • the first magnetizable element 31 may be made of magnetizable material, for example soft iron.
  • the actuating means comprise a first electromagnetic coil 53 for acting on the magnet 38 of the second magnetic element of the moving part.
  • the first portion 30 comprises a third magnetizable element 39 for holding the second movable portion 33 in the second stable position.
  • a second magnet 40 disposed on the movable portion maintains in the second stable position by a magnetic attraction exerted with the third magnetizable element 39.
  • the switching device may comprise a second electrical contact 41 having a third contact zone 42 associated with the third element magnetizable 39 and a fourth contact zone 43 on the movable portion 33.
  • the actuating means comprise a second electromagnetic coil 54 for acting on the magnet 40 of the second magnetic element of the movable part.
  • the permanent magnets are disposed near the contact zones to ensure good contact pressure.
  • the permanently magnetized part or the permanent magnet have a magnetic induction greater than 1 tesla with a volume of less than 1 cubic millimeter (mm 3 ) for a nominal current in the contacts of the order of 1 ampere.
  • a device capable of operating at 10 amps may have a magnet less than 10 mm 3 .
  • magnets with an induction greater than 3 Tesla per mm 3 a switching device will have a magnet of the order of 3 mm 3 for 10 amperes.
  • the movable portion 33 has an elongated shape that is pivotable and has a contact zone and a permanent magnet at each end.
  • the first portion 30 includes the first magnetizable element 31 associated with a first contact zone 32, and a third element magnetizable 39 associated with a third contact zone 42
  • the second movable portion 33 comprises a second contact zone 35, towards a first end, intended to be in contact with the first contact zone 32 of the first part, and a fourth contact zone 43, towards a second end, intended to be in contact with the third contact zone 42 of the first part.
  • first and second contact areas 32 and 35 are held to form a closed contact and the third and fourth contact areas 42 and 43 form an open contact
  • the third and fourth contact areas 42 and 43 are held to form a closed contact and the first and second contact areas 32 and 35 form an open contact.
  • the first, the second, the third and fourth contact areas are electrically connected to electrical connection terminals through electrical conductors and / or the material of the magnetizable elements.
  • the use of magnetic or magnetizable elements associated with an electrical conduction function makes it possible to reduce the volume of the switching device.
  • the magnetic or magnetizable elements may be associated with electrical conductors in the same element or be used themselves as conductors.
  • a magnetic element can have two types of function, advantageously, magnetic type functions for maintaining in a stable position and to exert a contact pressure, and functions of the electric type for the electrical contact with the mobile part and for electrical conduction between connection terminals and said contact.
  • the first part comprises a first electrical conductor 45A associated with a first magnetizable element 31.
  • the first part comprises a third magnetizable element 39 and a second conductor 45B.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 shows a manual actuation device 50 for actuating the moving part 33 and making it change its stable position independently of the electromagnetic actuations operated by the coils 53 and 54 acting on the magnets 40 and 38.
  • the second movable part 33 comprises a first permanent magnet 51 towards the first end to cooperate with the first magnetizable element 31 of the first part and a second permanent magnet 52 towards the second end to cooperate with the third magnetizable element 39 of the first part.
  • the device of FIG. 5 comprises electromagnetic actuation means comprising a first electromagnetic coil 53 wound on the first magnetizable element 31 of the first part to act in attraction or repulsion on the second magnetic element of the second movable part 33 and effecting a stable state change of said moving part.
  • the electromagnetic actuation means comprise a second electromagnetic coil 54 wound on the third magnetizable element 39 of the first part to act in attraction or in repulsion on at least one second magnetic element of the second movable part and to make it change stable state said second movable part.
  • the coil 53 and the magnetizable element 31 cooperate with the magnet 51 and the coil 54 and the magnetizable element 39 cooperate with the magnet 52 to change state the movable portion 33.
  • the contact areas 32 and 35 form a closed contact while in a second position the contact areas 32 and 35 form an open contact and the contact areas 42 and 43 form a closed contact.
  • the first and second electromagnetic coils 53 and 54 are driven by electrical pulses to generate inverted magnetic fields effecting repulsion and attraction and changing the stable position of the second movable portion between a first and a second stable position. .
  • the switching device also comprises holding means 55 for holding the mobile part 33 in a third stable position in which the contact 36 formed by the first and the second contact zones 32 and 35 and the contact 41 formed by the third and fourth contact areas 42 and 43 are open.
  • the holding means comprise a support member 56 in the form of flat or abutment disposed on the first portion to receive a first side 57 of the second movable portion 33 and pressure means 58 to maintain a central zone 59 of the second moving part against the support member.
  • the pressure means are constituted by a spring.
  • the pressure means consist of a third permanent magnet 60 disposed on the central part of the mobile part and a fourth magnetizable element 61 arranged on the support element.
  • the first and the second electromagnetic coils are controlled by electrical pulses generating magnetic fields of the same direction effecting two repulsions.
  • manual or mechanical actuating means 50 act on the second moving part to make it change its stable state.
  • the magnet 60 cooperates with the fourth magnetizable element 61 preferably having a flat part to hold the moving part.
  • the contact areas 35 and 43 of the second moving part are not in electrical contact with the contact areas 32 and 42 of the first part.
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show a switching device comprising an actuation by electromagnetic coils and a manual actuating element 50.
  • two actuating means allow the position of the movable part 33 to be changed.
  • the moving part In FIG. the moving part is in its third stable position where the contacts 36 and 41 are open.
  • the first contact 36 is open and the second contact 41 is closed by an action on the manual actuating element 50 or by electrical pulses on the electromagnetic coils.
  • the coil 53 has been controlled to act in repulsion on the magnet 51, and the coil 54 is controlled to act in attraction on the magnet 52.
  • the first contact 36 is closed and the second contact 41 is opened by an action on the manual actuating element 50 or by electrical pulses on the electromagnetic coils.
  • the coil 54 has been controlled to act in repulsion on the magnet 52, and the coil 53 is controlled to act in attraction on the magnet 51.
  • FIG. 11 represents a switching device according to the invention intended in particular to form part of a small electrical appliance.
  • the first magnetizable element 31 and directly connect to a connection terminal 44 and it receives along its length the electromagnetic control coil 53, the first contact zone 32 at the end of the magnetizable element 31 protrudes from the coil 53.
  • the magnetizable element 31 also serves as a conductor between the contact area and the connection terminal.
  • the magnetizable element 31 has magnetic functions for controlling the moving part in being the core of the coil 53 and holds the moving part cooperating with the magnet 51, and fixed contact part functions by having a contact zone 32 and electrical conductor connecting the zone 32 to the terminal 44
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to considerably reduce the size of the switching device.
  • the third magnetizable element 39 and the coil 54 are made and arranged in the same manner as the element 31 and the coil 53.
  • the fourth magnetizable element 61 can be produced in the same way as the first and third magnetizable elements 39. It comprises a contact zone which is in contact with the movable part 33 and cooperates with a magnet 60 in the central part of the movable part to ensure a contact pressure and the pivoting of the movable part and its holding in position.
  • the movable portion 33 may be made of conductive material such as copper with appropriate surface treatments to the electrical contact area. Permanent magnets 51, 52, and 60 disposed towards the ends and the central zone of the movable portion 33 are preferably glued or crimped onto the conductive material.
  • connections of the coils 53 and 54 and the contact conductors 45 can also be achieved by output pins or tongues 62 that can be welded to a printed circuit or receive electrical wires welded or connected by lugs.
  • a switching device is integrated into an electrical switching or switching device.
  • This electrical apparatus comprises a base 63 of insulating material for receiving and holding the various elements of the switching device.
  • it also comprises a manual actuator or 50 to act manually on the movable part.
  • the manual actuating member 50 may also be a mechanical actuator actuated in particular by a movement of an object, by a machine or a mechanism.
  • FIG. 13 represents a switching device with two or three stable positions intended to be mounted in particular on a printed circuit or to be part of an electrical apparatus such as a relay.
  • Conductors 45 of contact as well as the connections of the coils are terminated by pins or connecting tabs 62.
  • the conductors 45 are directly crimped on the magnetizable elements of the first part.
  • the fourth magnetizable element 61 also has the function of support element 56 for supporting the central part of the fixed part, in particular in its third stable position where the contacts are open, and an electrical conductor function 45.
  • inputs 62A correspond to electrical contact inputs and inputs 62B correspond to control inputs.
  • a first electrical contact input 62A is connected to the second movable portion through the fourth magnetizable element 61
  • a second electrical contact input 62A is connected to a first contact area 32 of the first portion through the first magnetizable element 31
  • a third electrical contact input 62A is connected to a third contact area 42 of the first portion through the third magnetizable element 39
  • the control inputs 62B are connected to the first and second electromagnetic coils 53 and 54 disposed on the first and the third magnetizable elements 31 and 39 of the first part.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 represent views of a relay according to one embodiment of the invention, comprising a switching device according to FIG. 13.
  • the relay comprises a support 64, for example in the form of a housing, and a cover 65 enclosing said support. Passages disposed in the housing allow to pass electrical connection inputs 62.
  • Figure 14 shows an exploded view of the elements of the switching device.
  • the mounted relay is shown in the view of Figure 15 where the elements are in their place.
  • This view shows advantages of the invention, in particular the reduction of space and volume allowed by such an arrangement.
  • the grouping of electrical and magnetic functions in the same element makes it possible to achieve these advantages.
  • the relay of FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 may be a relay with two stable positions or with three positions depending on the control mode of the coils 53 and 54.
  • the first and second coils are controlled by attraction and repulsion to establish an electrical contact and double repulsion to open the two contacts.
  • FIG. 16 represents a diagram of an electrical apparatus comprising a switching device according to one embodiment of the invention and a control circuit 70.
  • the electrical apparatus has a first electrical contact input 71 connected to the second movable portion 33, and a second electrical contact input 72 connected to a first contact area 32 of the first portion through the first magnetizable element 31, and a third electrical contact input 73 connected to a third contact zone 42 of the first portion through the third magnetizable element.
  • the control circuit 70 is connected to first and second electromagnetic coils 53 and 54 respectively disposed on the first and third magnetizable elements 31 and 39 of the first portion. In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the coils 53 and 54 are connected in series to control the displacement of the moving part in attraction and repulsion.
  • the movable portion 33 may include magnets in the material that composes it. Manual or mechanical actuation means 50 can also act on the second mobile part to make it change stable state.
  • the control circuit 70 has control inputs 74 which can receive control signals.
  • the control signals applied to the control inputs 70 may in particular be polarization signals, pulse duration signals and / or pulse number signals.
  • the coils 53 and 54 are connected with the control circuit to the inputs 74.
  • the apparatus then receives control signals in the form of electrical pulses provided by a push button 75 connected. between the inputs 74 and a source the power supply 76, for example an electrical distribution network.
  • the control circuit can act on the coils in simple commands of switch or remote-controlled switch or, for example in more complex functions such as remote control, self-timer, or electric timer functions.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram of an electrical apparatus comprising a stable three-position switching device such as that described for FIGS. 8 to 10 and a control circuit 70.
  • the coils 53 and 54 are connected to the control circuit. to be controlled by attraction and repulsion to establish at least one electrical contact 36 or 41 and double repulsion to open said electrical contacts.
  • a magnet 60 and a fourth magnetizable element 61 making it possible to keep the moving part in the open contact position.
  • FIG. 19 a diagram of a control circuit shows different possibilities of receiving control signals.
  • the control circuit 70 comprises a supply circuit connected between supply inputs 78 and a processing circuit 79.
  • the processing circuit 70 controls the coils 53 and 54 as a function of control signals received in particular on control inputs 74.
  • the processing circuit 70 may also include a remote control circuit connected to the processing circuit and receiving control signals provided through a communication bus 81 and / or a remote control receiver.
  • Figs. 20A, 20B, 20C, 21 and 23 show control signals that can be used by switching device control circuits according to embodiments of the invention.
  • a signal 90 of negative polarity can control the control circuit 70 to position the switching device in a first stable position or a first contact 36 is established.
  • a signal 91 of positive polarity can control the control circuit 70 to position the switching device in a second stable position or a second contact 41 is established.
  • a signal 92 having negative and positive polarities can control the control circuit 70 to position the switching device in a third stable position where the contacts 36 and 41 are open in particular by double repulsion commands on the coils 53 and 54.
  • Fig. 21 shows control signals 93 with pulse duration
  • Fig. 22 shows control signals 94 by pulse number.
  • FIG. 23 represents a particular embodiment of a second movable part 33 having a flexible constitution that can be fixed by a point 100 located in a central zone, and comprises at least one contact zone 35 and / or 43 and a magnet 51 and / or 52 to at least one end.
  • the second movable portion has one or two openings to a central area to enhance flexibility and movement between positions stable.
  • the body of the movable part may advantageously be constituted by a material such as brass or steel.
  • FIG. 24 represents a switching device comprising a second moving part according to FIG. 23.
  • the point 100 of the central zone is fixed directly on the support element 56.
  • the flexible constitution of the second moving part also allows to simultaneously close the two contacts 36 and 41.
  • the contacts can be opened or closed independently, in particular by electromagnetic controls.
  • a second movable portion 33 is composed of a material comprising a substantially permanent-magnetized part, for example a longitudinal magnet 103 comprising contact pads at each end.
  • the areas of electrical contact can be made by appropriate metal deposits or by the addition of thin contact pads.
  • the magnets can have various shapes and be fixed on fixed or movable parts of the magnetic elements.
  • the magnetic or magnetizable elements may also be covered with material depending on the intensity of the current that must pass through the contacts. The current can reach several amperes in a small volume.
  • Electrical appliances that can include a switching device according to the invention can be very diverse, for example, low or high power switches, circuit breakers, auxiliary contacts, contacts controlled by mechanisms or manually.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Claims (35)

  1. Elektrische Schaltanordnung mit mindestens einem elektrischen Kontakt, der durch Magnetmittel in einer stabilen Stellung gehalten werden kann,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie
    - mindestens einen ersten Teil (30) mit mindestens einem ersten magnetisierbaren Element (31) und eine, dem genannten ersten magnetisierbaren Element zugeordnete erste Kontaktzone (32),
    - mindestens einen zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) mit mindestens einem zweiten Magnetelement (34) und einer dem genannten zweiten Magnetelement zugeordneten zweiten Kontaktzone (35), wobei der genannte zweite bewegliche Teil (33) mindestens eine erste stabile Stellung aufweist, um einen elektrischen Kontakt (36) zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Kontaktzone (32, 35) geschlossen zu halten, sowie eine zweite stabile Stellung aufweist, um den genannten ersten elektrischen Kontakt geöffnet zu halten, sowie
    - elektromagnetische Betätigungsmittel (53, 54) umfasst, die auf den zweiten beweglichen Teil wirken, um dessen Stellungswechsel herbeizuführen, und die mindestens eine erste elektromagnetische Spule (53) umfassen, die um mindestens ein erstes magnetisierbares Element (31) des ersten Teils gewickelt ist, um durch Anziehung oder Abstoßung auf mindestens ein zweites Magnetelement (51) des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) zu wirken und einen Wechsel des stabilen Schaltzustands des genannten zweiten beweglichen Teils herbeizuführen,
    wobei das erste oder das zweite Magnetelement mindestens einen dauermagnetisierten Abschnitt (38, 51, 103) umfasst, um den ersten elektrischen Kontakt (36) geschlossen zu halten und durch magnetische Anziehung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Magnetelement (31, 34, 38, 51, 103) einen Kontaktdruck auf die Verbindungsstelle zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Kontaktzone (32, 35) auszuüben, wenn sich der bewegliche Teil in der ersten stabilen Stellung befindet.
  2. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetischen Betätigungsmittel mindestens eine zweite elektromagnetische Spule (54) umfassen, die um mindestens ein drittes magnetisierbares Element (39) des ersten Teils gewickelt ist, um durch Anziehung oder Abstoßung auf mindestens ein zweites Magnetelement (62) des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) zu wirken und einen Wechsel des stabilen Schaltzustands des genannten zweiten beweglichen Teils herbeizuführen.
  3. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und die zweite elektromagnetische Spule (53, 54) dazu dienen, durch elektrische Impulse angesteuert zu werden, um entgegengerichtete Magnetfelder zu erzeugen, die eine Abstoßung und eine Anziehung bewirken, und um einen Wechsel der stabilen Stellung des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten stabilen Stellung herbeizuführen, durch den mindestens ein elektrischer Kontakt (36) zwischen einer Kontaktzone (32) des ersten Teils und einer Kontaktzone (35) des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) geschlossen wird.
  4. Schaltanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und die zweite elektromagnetische Spule (53, 54) dazu dienen, durch elektrische Impulse angesteuert zu werden, um gleichgerichtete Magnetfelder zu erzeugen, die zwei Abstoßungen bewirken, und um den zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) in eine dritte stabile Stellung zu überführen, in der keine elektrische Kontaktverbindung zwischen den Kontaktzonen (35, 43) des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) und den Kontaktzonen (32, 42) des ersten Teils (30) besteht.
  5. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Teil ein drittes magnetisierbares Element (39) umfasst, um den zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) in der zweiten stabilen Stellung zu halten.
  6. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) mindestens einen Dauermagneten (51, 52, 103, 104) umfasst, der in der Nähe einer Kontaktzone (35, 43) angeordnet ist.
  7. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Teil aus einem Material (103, 104) besteht, das einen überwiegend dauermagnetisierten Abschnitt umfasst.
  8. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dauermagnetisierte Abschnitt oder der Dauermagnet (38, 51, 52, 103) eine magnetische Induktion von mehr als einem Tesla aufweisen.
  9. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) eine längliche Form besitzt, die verschwenkt werden kann und im Bereich mindestens eines Endes mindestens eine Kontaktzone (35, 43) und einen magnetischen Anziehungsbereich aufweist.
  10. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) vorzugsweise mindestens eine Kontaktzone (35, 43) und einen Dauermagneten (51, 52) an einem ersten Ende und an einem zweiten Ende umfasst.
  11. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) einen biegsamen Aufbau aufweist, der an einem, in einem Mittelabschnitt angeordneten Punkt (100) befestigt werden kann und mindestens eine Kontaktzone (35, 43) und einen Magneten (51, 52) im Bereich mindestens eines Endes umfasst.
  12. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) im Bereich eines Mittelabschnitts mindestens eine Öffnung (102) aufweist.
  13. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der erste Teil (30) das einer ersten Kontaktzone (32) zugeordnete erste magnetisierbare Element (31) sowie ein einer dritten Kontaktzone (42) zugeordnetes drittes magnetisierbares Element (39) umfasst,
    - der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) im Bereich eines ersten Endes eine zweite Kontaktzone (35), die dazu dient, eine Kontaktverbindung mit der ersten Kontaktzone (32) des ersten Teils herzustellen, sowie im Bereich eines zweiten Endes eine vierte Kontaktzone (43) umfasst, die dazu dient, eine Kontaktverbindung mit der dritten Kontaktzone (42) des ersten Teils herzustellen,
    in einer ersten stabilen Stellung des beweglichen Teils die erste und die zweite Kontaktzone (32, 35) in einer geschlossenen Kontaktverbindung gehalten werden, während die dritte und die vierte Kontaktzone (42, 43) einen offenen Kontakt bilden, und in einer zweiten stabilen Stellung des beweglichen Teils die dritte und die vierte Kontaktzone (42, 43) in einer geschlossenen Kontaktverbindung gehalten werden, während die erste und die zweite Kontaktzone (32, 35) einen offenen Kontakt bilden.
  14. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste, die zweite, die dritte und die vierte Kontaktzone (32, 35, 42, 43) mit elektrischen Anschlussmitteln (44, 62, 62A, 62B, 71, 72, 73) elektrisch verbunden sind.
  15. Schaltanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) im Bereich des ersten Endes einen ersten Dauermagneten (51), der dazu dient, mit dem ersten magnetisierbaren Element (31) des ersten Teils zusammenzuwirken, und im Bereich des zweiten Endes einen zweiten Dauermagneten (52) umfasst, der dazu dient, mit dem dritten magnetisierbaren Element (39) des ersten Teils zusammenzuwirken.
  16. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Haltemittel (55) umfasst, die dazu dienen, den zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) in einer dritten stabilen Stellung zu halten, in welcher der durch die erste und die zweite Kontaktzone (32, 35) gebildete Kontakt (36) sowie der durch die dritte und die vierte Kontaktzone (42, 43) gebildete Kontakt (41) geöffnet sind.
  17. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltemittel vorzugsweise ein als Abflachung ausgebildetes Stützelement (56), das zur Auflage einer ersten Seite (57) des zweiten beweglichen Teils am ersten Teil ausgebildet ist, sowie Druckmittel (58) umfassen, um einen Mittelabschnitt (59) des zweiten beweglichen Teils in Anlage am genannten Stützelement zu halten.
  18. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckmittel (58) als Feder ausgebildet sind.
  19. Schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckmittel (58) aus einem dritten Dauermagneten (60) und aus einem vierten magnetisierbaren Element (61) bestehen, die am Stützelement bzw. im Mittelabschnitt des beweglichen Teils angeordnet sind.
  20. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie manuelle oder mechanische Betätigungsmittel (50) umfasst, die auf den zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) wirken, um einen Wechsel seines stabilen Schaltzustands herbeizuführen.
  21. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite bewegliche Teil (33) einen biegsamen Aufbau aufweist, der an einem, in einem Mittelabschnitt angeordneten Punkt (100) befestigt werden kann, und mindestens eine Kontaktzone (35, 43) und einen Magneten (51, 52) an zwei Enden umfasst, um mit Kontaktzonen (32, 42) von magnetisierbaren Elementen des ersten Teils zwei Kontakte (36, 41) zu bilden, wobei die zwei genannten Kontakte gleichzeitig geschlossen werden können.
  22. Schaltanordnung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Magnetelement oder magnetisierbares Element (31, 39, 61) durch das Material, aus dem es besteht, einen elektrischen Strom hindurchleiten kann, der dazu dient, über mindestens einen elektrischen Kontakt (36, 41) zu fließen.
  23. Elektromagnetisches Relais mit mindestens zwei Schaltzuständen, das mindestens einen ersten und einen zweiten elektrischen Kontakteingang (62A) sowie Steuereingänge (62B) umfasst,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens eine Schaltanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22 umfasst, wobei der erste Kontakteingang mit dem zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) verbunden ist, der zweite Kontakteingang mit einer ersten Kontaktzone (32) des ersten Teils verbunden ist und die Steuereingänge (62B) mit mindestens einer ersten elektromagnetischen Spule (53) verbunden sind, die auf mindestens einem ersten magnetisierbaren Element (31) des ersten Teils angeordnet ist.
  24. Relais nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens eine zweite elektromagnetische Spule (54) umfasst, die an die Steuereingänge (62B) angeschlossen und auf mindestens einem dritten magnetisierbaren Element (39) des ersten Teils angeordnet ist.
  25. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 23 oder 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens drei stabile Schaltzustände aufweist und eine, an einen dritten Kontakteingang angeschlossene dritte Kontaktzone (42) sowie Mittel (60, 61) zum Halten des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) in einer dritten stabilen Stellung umfasst, in der die elektrischen Kontakte zwischen der ersten, der zweiten und der dritten Kontaktzone (32, 35, 42) geöffnet sind, wobei die erste und die zweite elektromagnetische Spule (53, 54) dazu dienen, zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Kontaktverbindung auf Anziehung und Abstoßung bzw. zum Öffnen der Kontakte auf zweifache Abstoßung angesteuert zu werden.
  26. Elektrisches Schaltgerät mit mindestens einem ersten und einem zweiten elektrischen Kontakteingang (71, 72) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es
    - mindestens eine Schaltanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22 mit mindestens zwei stabilen Stellungen umfasst, wobei der erste elektrische Kontakteingang (71) mit dem zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) und der zweite Kontakteingang (72) mit einer ersten Kontaktzone (32) des ersten Teils verbunden ist,
    - sowie eine Steuerschaltung (70) umfasst, die mit mindestens einer, auf einem ersten magnetisierbaren Element (31) des ersten Teils angeordneten, ersten elektromagnetischen Spule (53) verbunden ist.
  27. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltanordnung mindestens eine zweite elektromagnetische Spule (54) umfasst, die mit der Steuerschaltung (70) verbunden und auf mindestens einem dritten magnetisierbaren Element (39) des ersten Teils angeordnet ist.
  28. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 26 oder 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaltanordnung drei stabile Schaltzustände aufweist und eine, an einen dritten Kontakteingang (73) angeschlossene dritte Kontaktzone (42) sowie Mittel zum Halten des zweiten beweglichen Teils (33) in einer dritten stabilen Stellung umfasst, in der die elektrischen Kontakte zwischen der ersten, der zweiten und der dritten Kontaktzone geöffnet sind, wobei die erste und die zweite elektromagnetische Spule (52, 53) dazu dienen, zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Kontaktverbindung auf Anziehung und Abstoßung bzw. zum Öffnen der Kontakte auf zweifache Abstoßung angesteuert zu werden.
  29. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es manuelle oder mechanische Betätigungsmittel (50) umfasst, die auf den zweiten beweglichen Teil (33) wirken, um einen Wechsel seines stabilen Schaltzustands herbeizuführen.
  30. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 bis 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (70) mindestens einen Steuereingang (74) umfasst, der mit Steuersignalen beaufschlagt werden kann.
  31. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dem Eingang zugeführten Steuersignale Polarisationssignale (90, 91, 92), Impulsdauersignale (93) und/oder Impulszahlsignale (94) sein können.
  32. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 bis 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung (70) mindestens einen Femsteuereingang (81) umfasst, der über einen Kommunikationsbus mit Steuersignalen beaufschlagt werden kann.
  33. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 bis 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung Fernsteuer-Emptangsmittel (80, 82) zum Empfang von Steuersignalen umfasst.
  34. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 26 bis 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerschaltung Verarbeitungsmittel (79) zur Verarbeitung der Steuersignale und zur Ansteuerung der elektromagnetischen Spulen in Abhängigkeit von diesen Signalen umfasst.
  35. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verarbeitungsmittel (79) die Funktion von Stromstoßrelais, Zeitschaltern und/oder angesteuerten Schaltern ausführen.
EP03778439A 2002-10-28 2003-10-22 Elektrische schaltvorrichtung, relais sowie elektrisches gerät mit einer solchen vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1556873B1 (de)

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FR0213433A FR2846470B1 (fr) 2002-10-28 2002-10-28 Dispositif de commutation electrique, relais et appareil electrique comportant un tel dispositif
FR0213433 2002-10-28
PCT/FR2003/003136 WO2004040607A1 (fr) 2002-10-28 2003-10-22 Dispositif de commutation electrique, relais et appareil electrique comportant un tel dispositif

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AU2003285438A1 (en) 2004-05-25
FR2846470A1 (fr) 2004-04-30
CN100341083C (zh) 2007-10-03
US7233220B2 (en) 2007-06-19
WO2004040607A1 (fr) 2004-05-13
ES2264017T3 (es) 2006-12-16
DE60306409T2 (de) 2006-12-07
ATE331290T1 (de) 2006-07-15
EP1556873A1 (de) 2005-07-27
CN1708818A (zh) 2005-12-14
FR2846470B1 (fr) 2005-03-04
US20060145794A1 (en) 2006-07-06
AU2003285438B2 (en) 2008-01-17
DE60306409D1 (de) 2006-08-03

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